【练习】高考英语一轮复习阅读理解练习三51

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湖南常宁市2017高考英语阅读理解一轮练习
阅读理解训练
(2015·河北省普高质监)
Martha Graham, born in 1894, was one of the most famous dancers and creators of dance, whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture. She created almost two hundred dance pieces. She is often called the Mother of Modern Dance.
Earlier in her life, however, Martha did not know that she would become a dancer. At that time, the dancers were looked down on. So Martha's parents didn't approve of her desire to dance at the beginning. Until 1916, she began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, where Graham worked very hard to improve her ability to dance because she was considered too old to begin dancing.
In 1936, Graham made her defining work, “Chronicle”， which signaled the beginning of a new era in modern dance. The dance brought serious issues to the stage for the general public in a dramatic manner. Influenced by the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the Great Depression that followed, and the Spanish Civil War, it focused on depression and isolation, reflected in the dark nature of both the set and costumes.
Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. But she didn't give up. Her last completed ballet was 1990's Maple Leaf Rag. “A Dancer's World” is an introduction to Graham and her work. She tells about her dances and her dance group shows some of their methods.
Martha Graham received many awards during her lifetime, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in nineteen seventy-six. She was the first dancer to receive the country's highest civilian honor. She died in 1991 at the age of ninety-six. In 1998, Time magazine listed her as the “Dancer of the Century” and as one of the most important people of the twentieth century.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的故事和她所取得的成就。

4．Some famous artists mentioned in Paragraph 1 show Martha Graham________.
A．was influenced greatly by them
B．kept in touch with them regularly
C．had a great effect on modern dance
D．liked to make more friends with them
答案：C 推理判断题。

第一段中将玛莎·格兰姆的影响和其他的一些伟大的人物相比，暗示她的影响
也非常大，故最佳答案为C。

5．Why didn't Martha's parents approve of her desire to dance at first?
A．She was too old to learn American dance.
B．American dance was seen as a lower art form.
C．There was no academic school to teach dancing.
D．Her family was too poor to afford her tuition.
答案：B 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的第二句At that time, the dancers were looked down on舞蹈家在那时是被看不起的，暗示舞蹈在当时是一种地位较低的艺术形式，故最佳答案为B。

6．When Martha Graham continued to dance in her 70s, she________.
A．was warmly welcomed by the youth
B．achieved huge success once again
C．received many awards for her age
D．was attacked by people
答案：D 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的第一、二句 Graham continued to dance past the age of seventy. Once again, she was met with criticism from people who came to watch her shows. 知她70岁演出时，她受到了一些人的批评，可知她受到了一些人的攻击，故最佳答案为D。

7．The text is mainly about________.
A．the background of modern dance in America
B．the development of modern dance in America
C．Martha Graham and her achievements in dance
D．the awards Martha Graham won in her life
答案：C 主旨大意题。

根据文章的内容，是按时间顺序叙述了现代舞之母玛莎·格兰姆的一生以及她
在舞蹈方面的成就，故最佳答案为C。

写人记事（阅读理解）
Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my
family’s last vacation.It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school,and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip.The flight was overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York,so I had to get back.But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay.I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day,my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes,I encouraged—okay,ordered—them to wait it o ut at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Out total take: $1,600.Not bad,huh?
Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a big-time bargain
hunter,I know the value of a dollar.And these days,a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.
I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of t he Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes,clothes for my children,and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn’t hesi tate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer,and it’s the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
1.Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?()
A.Their flight had been delayed.
B.They had early bookings.
C.They took a later flight.
D.Their flight had been cancelled.
2.What can we learn about the author?()
A.She is very strict with her children.
B.She seldom makes a compromise.
C.She rarely misses a good deal.
D.She is interested in cheap products.
3.What does the author do?( )
A.She’s a teacher.
B.She’s a housewife.
C.She’s a media person.
D.She’s a businesswoman.
4.What does the author want to tell us?( )
A.How to expose bad tricks.
B.How to reserve airline seats.
C.How to spend money wisely.
D.How to make a business deal.
语篇解读:本文为记叙文。

作者家人因为乘坐了晚点航班而得到补偿。

作者通过这一故事告诉我们,在花钱的时候要精打细算,要做到花钱有所值。

答案及剖析:1.C 细节理解题。

根据第一段第五句可知,由于预订这趟航班的乘客过多,因此航空公司
决定对于那些愿意退票,然后乘坐次日航班返回的人每人返还400美元。

2.C 细节理解题。

根据第一段前两句及第三段第二句中的“But as a big-time bargain hunter”可知,作者很少错过便宜的东西,故选C项。

3.C 推理判断题。

根据第四段第二句“I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.”可知,作者是一位媒体人。

4.C 主旨大意题。

根据最后一段的内容可知,作者想要告诉我们如何明智地花钱,在哪些地方可以省钱,在哪些地方可以出手大方。

【疑难词汇解读】
1.overbook v.超额预订
The flight was heavily overbooked.
该班机售票大大超出机位数量。

2.There is no shame in...
……不是什么丢脸的事。

There is no shame in wanting to be successful.
有抱负不是什么丢脸的事。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

【2013界广东省汕头市质量测评试题】
If you are planning to study in the United States, you need to consider several factors. Everyone has different opinions about where is the best place to live in. Also, the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools. Finally, many schools specialize in different areas of study. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院)，for example, is a great school for computer science and technology-related fields of study. However, if you want to study oceanography(海、洋学)，your interests may be better served by attending school in a place that is on a coastline or near the ocean.
Now I am sure that you know which schools are considered the best in the country. So I will tell you about which states I believe are the best to live in.
California is a nice state. Northern California specifically has very good weather. Los Angeles in Southern California is another story though. Life in Los Angeles is full of excitement and fast, and sometimes dangerous. As for me, I enjoy the time I spent in Massachusetts, Virginia
and Maryland and these states have a lot of history and culture. The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice. My favorite area of America is the Mid-west. Middle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values. In addition, there are many good universities there.
Also, you need to think about your likes and dislikes and then research the various states. You like sunshine and hate snow? Then you probably won't like the Midwest or even the Northeast. Open space, nature and peace and quiet? Then you probably should stay away from America's large cities. Are you interested in government? Then Washington D.C. is the only place for you. Whatever you decide, put some thought into it. The place you live in could be the difference between a great study-abroad experience and a state of great suffering on earth.
31.From the first paragraph we can conclude that in the USA _____.
A. all colleges and universities lie in big cities
B. all colleges and universities lie in beautiful places
C. famous colleges and universities lie in nice places
D. famous colleges and universities may not lie in nice places
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

由“the best places to live in are not always home to the best schools.”可知好大学不一定位于好的地方。

故选D。

32. What, according to the writer, should be considered first if you want to study in the USA?
A. The climate.
B. The scenery.
C. The study condition.
D. The living condition.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

由第一，二段可知，作者认为想去美国学习首先应考虑学习环境。

33.From the third paragraph we can find that _____.
A. California is the best place to live in
B. California is the worst place to live in
C. California is a state with different climates
D. California is a small state in the USA
【答案】c
【解析】细节理解题。

由“Northe rn California specifically has very good weather. ”和“The weather is not as perfect as Northern California, but it is still quite nice.”可知加利福尼亚州有不同
的气候。

34.If you study in Middle America, you can probably _____.
A. find the best universities
B. feel the real character of the nation
C. meet the most famous professors there
D. face more difficulties
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

由“M iddle America, I think, is home to the true American sense of values.”可知选B。

35.From the last paragraph of this passage we can get to know that .
A. Washington is the largest city in the USA
B. Washington D.
C. is the political centre of the USA
C. you can't find sunshine in the Midwest
D. you can't find any universities out of big cities in the USA
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

由“A re you interested in government? Then Washington D.C. is the only place for you.”华盛顿是美国的政治中心。

故选B。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

【2013界广东省汕头市质量测评试题】
Advice to “slee p on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night’s sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier, although no evidence has proved this by now. But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can improve insight(洞察力）and problem-solving. “If you have some newly acquired memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories, restructures(重构）them, so that after sleep the insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr. Jan Bom, a neuroscientist, at the university. To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them put a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule
as the other group. “Sleep helped,” Bom said in a telephone interview. “The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem.” But Bom admitted that he and his team don’t know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works. Pierre Marquette and Pierre Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestions that sleep can promote creative thinking. Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added.
36.The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in the first line probably means _____.
A. to put something aside to be solved until the next day
B. to get as much sleep as possible
C. to go on sleeping without being disturbed
D. to sleep till you get up the next morning
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。

由“After a good night’s sleep a problem that seemed impossib le to solve the night before can often appear easier,”可知选A。

37.Jan Bom and his team carried out the experiment through _____
A. comparison
B. interview
C. survey
D. imagination
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

由“The resear chers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group.”可知他们是通过比较来开展的实验。

故选A。

38.It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. people should sleep so long as they have time
B. sleep is the only way to solve hard problems
C. people have various periods of sleep
D. people know how sleep restructures memories
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。

由“Bu t Bom admitted that he and his team don’t know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works.”可知人们有不同的睡眠
阶段。

故选C。

39. W hat would be the best title for the passage?
A. How Sleep Works
B. Sleep Helps Solve Problems
C. No Evidence, But Well Founded
D. Bom’s Discovery On Sleep
【答案】B
【解析】标题归纳题。

40. W here is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A book review.
C. An advertisement.
D. A newspaper.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。

本文主要讲的是科学家的一项新的发现，以及有关的实验。

所以最可能出自报纸。

故选D。

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