上海市少云中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷(原卷版)

2021学年上理少云中学第二学期高一英语期中测试卷
(满分:100 分考试时间: 60 分钟)
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (40分)
Section A (10 分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Nellie Bly races around the world
Nellie Bly was one of the best-known journalists in the United States. Throughout her career, she was always determined to do something ____1____ hadn’t been done by any girl before.
Bly focused her early work for the Pittsburgh Dispatch (匹兹堡电讯报) on the lives of working women,
____2____ (write) a series of articles on women factory workers. However, the newspaper soon received complaints from factory owners, and she was reassigned to cover fashion, society, and gardening, and she quickly became dissatisfied. She then traveled to Mexico to serve as a foreign correspondent (驻外记者), ____3____ (spend) nearly half a year reporting on the lives and customs of the Mexican people. When Mexican authorities learned of Bly’s report, they threatened her ____4____ arrest, causing her to escape from the country.
Safely home, she left the Pittsburgh Dispatch in 1887. After four months, she took on an undercover (秘密的) assignment to investigate an asylum (精神病院) in New York from a newspaper, the New York World. After exposing conditions inside the asylum in her exposé Ten Days in a Mad-House, she became a famous person and, as a result, she needed a good follow-up. In the summer of 1888, she picked up Jules Verne’s novel Around the World in Eighty Days. ____5____ (finish) reading it, she knew what she was going to do next.
At first, people laughed at her claim that she could beat Phileas Fogg’s fictional 80-day record. “In the first place you are a woman ____6____ would need a protector,” she was told, “and even if it were possible for you to travel alone, you would need to carry so much baggage that it would detain (耽搁) you from being able to make rapid changes.”____7____ (not want) to give up, she worked hard to persuade the New York World, ____8____ eventually agreed to sponsor (赞助) her.
A year later, at 9.40 on the morning of 14 November 1889, Nellie started her journey, ____9____ (bring) only the clothes she was wearing — a sensible dress and thick overcoat. But she carried most of her money around her neck. The newspaper had issued her￡200 English pounds, the equivalent of at least f 100,000 today.
As Bly travelled east, the newspaper breathlessly reported her progress. Readers were invited ____10____ (guess) the exact time she would return; hundreds of thousands of entries poured in. At 3:51 on the afternoon of 25 January 1890, her train pulled into Jersey City. Nellie had done it-and it had taken her just 72 days.
Section B (30分)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once.
11. Take it easy. Snakes will only ________ if they feel threatened.
12. Journalists need to ________ all the facts in a fair way that benefits our readers.
13. Many languages are disappearing at an alarming ________ due to globalization.
14. The thief made an unsuccessful ________ to escape and was brought to justice by the police.
15. Senior high students in Shanghai recently had the opportunity to ________ in the annual Career Day, where they got to follow a mentor for a day.
16. The journalist failed to ________ the mistakes in the report.
17. As journalists, we need to write with care and tell news stories in a(n) ________ way.
18. Journalists need to check up on all the facts to ________ their news stories are entirely true.
19. Please ________ us for details of language courses by e-mail if necessary.
20. A lot of small towns in southern China are definitely ________ visiting.
21. He has ________ a close relationship with us for all these years.
22. A man is not finished when he is ________. He is finished when he quits.
23. The ________ of today’s young people differ from those of their parents.
24. Many parents are ________ whether their children can concentrate during online lessons.
25. It’s a cartoon that will ________ to people of all ages.
II. Reading Comprehension (23分)
Section A (15 分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
HEROES WHO HEAL
Doctors Without Borders (无国界医生) is an organization that delivers emergency medical support to people who need it most. They help those affected by wars, famine (饥荒), and epidemics (流行病). They work in areas where no health care is ___26___. At the very heart of the organization is the ___27___ that all people have the right to medical care regardless of their race, gender, or religion.
Doctors Without Borders was created in 1971 by a small group of doctors and ___28___ in France. They wanted to help people ___29___ major disasters. They considered people’s needs to be more important than national borders. “It’s simple really: go where the ___30___ are. It seems obvious but at the time it was a revolutionary (革命性的) concept because borders got in the way,” said founding member Dr. Bernard Kouchner.
The organization has offices in 21 countries, with its ___31___ in Geneva, Switzerland. They send out thousands of workers to more than 70 countries every year. Doctors Without Borders has conducted major relief efforts (救灾工作) all over the world. In 1999, they won the Nobel Peace Prize for their pioneering work. They received ___32___ for being fearless and self-sacrificing, and they showed “each victim had a human face,” said Nobel Committee Chairman Francis Sejersted.
The 2014 West Africa Ebola epidemic (埃博拉流行病) ___33___ Doctors Without Borders launch its largest emergency operation to help those ___34___ by the worst Ebola outbreak in history. Four thousand staff were organized to provide medical ___35___ in the three most affected countries Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Seeking to prevent further outbreaks, they immediately set up treatment centers to provide isolation and care. Within the first five months of the epidemic, Doctors Without Borders ___36___ more than 85% of Ebola cases. They continue to support these countries by running ___37___ clinics. These clinics help bring people back into society after being affected by the disease.
___38___ coronavirus pandemic (冠状病毒流行病), Doctors Without Borders has launched a series of worldwide projects. The organization helps support and ___39___ health-care workers and has distributed (分发) more than two million protective equipment, masks, and hygiene kits (卫生设备). With more than 4 million lives already lost worldwide, Doctors Without Borders is working to ___40___ that the COVID-19 vaccine is available for those who need it at an affordable cost.
26. A. alarming B. average C. annual D. available
27. A. clue B. belief C. custom D. request
28. A. journals B. astronauts C. journalists D. graduates
29. A. suffering from B. coming across C. benefiting from D. judging from
30. A. customers B. photographers C. patients D. consumers
31. A. headquarters B. branches C. companies D. institutes
32. A. praise B. gain C. fund D. recognition
33. A. spotted B. witnessed C. proved D. strengthened
34. A. defeated B. attacked C. wrapped D. affected
35. A. base B. attempt C. aid D. authority
36. A. cooperated with B. dealt with C. focused on D. fought for
37. A. survivors B. victims C. donors D. authors
38. A. In addition to B. In charge of C. In favor of D. In response to
39. A. exchange B. contact C. train D. attract
40. A. ensure B. assure C. permit D. predict
Section B (8 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
How does a person become an Olympic champion? In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological elements, as well as training and practice, all go into making a super athlete.
Perhaps the most important element involved in becoming an outstanding athlete is genetic. Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that make them different from the average person. Olympic weightlifters, for example, have a large number of fast- twitch fibers (快速收缩肌肉纤维) in their muscles. These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds. Surprisingly, a large, muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport. It is more important to have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles.
The legs of an outstanding marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers. When we exercise long or hard, it’s common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing. These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can’t remove it quickly enough. Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.
Some athletes’ abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment. Those raised at high altitudes (海拔高地) in countries such as Kenya have blood rich in hemoglobin (血红素). Large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster, enabling these athletes to run better. Although genes, environment, and even culture play a
part in becoming an outstanding athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed. Marathon runners may be able to control tiredness and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach their goals. Weightlifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they become automatic. Greg Louganis, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful: “You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex (对刺激的本能反应). You have to repeat the dives hundreds, maybe thousands, of times.” Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit but psychologically healthy as well. Otherwise, they couldn’t handle the training loads.
41. Having a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers is particularly important for ________.
A. long-distance cyclists
B. gymnasts
C. table-tennis players
D. weightlifters
42. When lactate (para. 3) builds up in their muscles, people feel __________.
A. strength
B. pain
C. excitement
D. dizziness
43. Which of the following statements would diver Greg Louganis probably agree with?
A. Athletes cannot perform well unless they are under pressure.
B. A professional athlete should think carefully about each movement.
C. It’s important to practice and train hard, but not take things too seriously.
D. It’s important to joke with your teammates before you perform any sport.
44. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The size of a super athlete.
B. Ways to qualify for the Olympics.
C. Different muscle types of a super athlete.
D. Factors that make someone a super athlete.
III. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs.(28分)
45. Even though it often seemed too difficult ________ (complete) this task, she didn’t give up.（所给词的适当形式填空）
46. ________ (not want) to give up, the doctors worked incredibly hard and eventually managed to solve the tough problem. （所给词的适当形式填空）
47. People ________ (travel) on regular basis will not only broaden their minds but will also improve their social skills. （所给词的适当形式填空）
48. It is interesting to hear English ________ (speak) in different accents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. I caught the little boy ________ (chase) the cat in the garden. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. It is really hard to make myself ________ (understand) by the young audience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
51. ________ (hear) the terrible disease was spreading quickly, the doctor rushed to the area. （所给词的适当形式填空）
52. The scientist still haven’t decided on a name for the planet ________ (discover) last week. （所给词的适当形式填空）
53. To my surprise, I saw most of the students ________ (seat), with their eyes fixed on their phone screen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. The school, ________ (establish) some 140 years ago, enjoys a good reputation for cultivating students’ creative and critical thinking skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55. The flowers ________ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （所给词的适当形式填空）
56. A lot of viewers wrote to the radio station, ________ (wish) the serial film continued. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. The retired doctor started running a course ________ ( help) new mothers look after their babies. （所给词的适当形式填空）
58. Can you hear the phone ________ (ring) upstairs? （所给词的适当形式填空）
IV. Translation (3+3+3=9分)
59. 随着节日的临近, 很多商场都人山人海。

(approach v.)（汉译英）
60. 必须采取有效的措施阻止本土文化的消失。

(measure) （汉译英）
61. 他因经常帮助社区老人而受到表扬。

(praise) （汉译英）。