7下英语12单元语法总结

7下英语12单元语法总结
English Answer:
Tenses.
Simple past: Used to describe completed actions in the past.
Affirmative: subject + past tense verb.
Negative: subject + did not (didn't) + verb.
Interrogative: Did + subject + verb?
Past continuous: Used to describe actions that were in progress at a specific time in the past.
Affirmative: subject + was / were + present participle (verb + -ing)。

Negative: subject + was / were not (wasn't / weren't) + present participle.
Interrogative: Was / Were + subject + present participle?
Past perfect: Used to describe actions that happened before a specific time in the past.
Affirmative: subject + had + past participle.
Negative: subject + had not (hadn't) + past participle.
Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle?
Modals.
Can: Expresses ability, permission, or possibility.
Affirmative: subject + can + verb.
Negative: subject + cannot (can't) + verb.
Interrogative: Can + subject + verb?
Could: Expresses possibility, suggestion, or request.
Affirmative: subject + could + verb.
Negative: subject + could not (couldn't) + verb.
Interrogative: Could + subject + verb?
May: Expresses permission, possibility, or uncertainty. Affirmative: subject + may + verb.
Negative: subject + may not (may not) + verb.
Interrogative: May + subject + verb?
Conditionals.
Zero conditional: Describes real or general situations.
If + present simple, present simple.
First conditional: Describes possible or probable
future situations.
If + present simple, will + verb.
Second conditional: Describes unlikely or impossible future situations.
If + past simple, would + verb.
Third conditional: Describes regret or unrealized situations.
If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
Passive Voice.
Used to change the subject of a sentence to the object
of the action.
Forms:
Present passive: subject + is / are + past participle.
Past passive: subject + was / were + past participle.
Future passive: subject + will be + past participle.
Other Grammar Points.
Gerunds: Verb forms ending in -ing that function as nouns.
Infinitives: Verb forms that begin with "to" and function as nouns or modifiers.
Comparatives and superlatives: Used to compare
adjectives or adverbs.
Comparative: subject + -er / more + adjective / adverb + than.
Superlative: subject + -est / most + adjective / adverb.
中文回答：
时态。

简单过去时，描述过去已经完成的动作。

肯定句，主语 + 过去式动词。

否定句，主语 + did not（didn't）+ 动词。

疑问句，Did + 主语 + 动词？
过去进行时，描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。

肯定句，主语 + was / were + 现在分词（动词 + -ing）。

否定句，主语 + was / were not（wasn't / weren't）+ 现在分词。

疑问句，Was / Were + 主语 + 现在分词？
过去完成时，描述过去某个时间点之前已经发生的动作。

肯定句，主语 + had + 过去分词。

否定句，主语 + had not（hadn't）+ 过去分词。

疑问句，Had + 主语 + 过去分词？
情态动词。

can，表示能力、允许或可能性。

肯定句，主语 + can + 动词。

否定句，主语 + cannot（can't）+ 动词。

疑问句，Can + 主语 + 动词？
could，表示可能性、建议或请求。

肯定句，主语 + could + 动词。

否定句，主语 + could not（couldn't）+ 动词。

疑问句，Could + 主语 + 动词？
may，表示允许、可能性或不确定性。

肯定句，主语 + may + 动词。

否定句，主语 + may not（may not）+ 动词。

疑问句，May + 主语 + 动词？
条件句。

零条件句，描述真实或一般情况。

If + 现在简单时，现在简单时。

一条件句，描述可能或大概发生的未来情况。

If + 现在简单时，will + 动词。

二条件句，描述不太可能或不可能发生的未来情况。

If + 过去简单时，would + 动词。

三条件句，描述遗憾或未实现的情况。

If + 过去完成时，would have + 过去分词。

被动语态。

用于将句子的主语变为动作的对象。

形式：
现在被动语态，主语 + is / are + 过去分词。

过去被动语态，主语 + was / were + 过去分词。

将来被动语态，主语 + will be + 过去分词。

其他语法点。

现在分词，以 -ing 结尾的动词形式，用作名词。

不定式，以 "to" 开头的动词形式，用作名词或修饰语。

比较级和最高级，用于比较形容词或副词。

比较级，主语 + -er / more + 形容词 / 副词 + than.
最高级，主语 + -est / most + 形容词 / 副词。