【重点资料】2019高中英语 Unit 11 The Media Section Ⅱ Language Points (Ⅰ)(Warm-up

Section ⅡLanguage Points (Ⅰ)
(Warm­up & Lesson 1)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands(需求)．
2．The incident(事件) has further increased the tension between the two countries.
3．We regret to inform you that your application(申请) has not been successful.
4．I found further scientific evidence(证据) for the theory.
5．He gives an explanation(解释) of how sound travels in water.
6．They made an announcement to the whole country that the flight had crashed.
7．She was delighted that her son had returned safely.
8．Our teacher tells us that we should be concerned about state affairs．9．We believe that every man has a right to his own belief because that's the way God wants it.
10．While a bomb did explode on the day when the Cyprus banks ended their two­week closure，the explosion actually happened in Greece.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．belief n．信仰；信心；信任→believe v．相信，认为
2．demand vt.要求，请求→demanding adj.过分要求的，苛求的，严格的
3．announce vt.宣布，宣告→an nouncement n．宣布，宣告
4．application n．申请(书)；应用→apply v．申请，应用
5．photographer n．摄影师→photograph vt.拍照，摄影→photography n．摄影
[寻规律、巧记忆]
根据提示补全下列短语
1．stand for 是……意思，代表；支持2．react to 对……做出反应
3．be made up of 由……组成
4．in detail 详细地
5．prevent...from... 阻止……做……
6．in the end 最后，终于
7．come down to 归结于
8．look forward to 盼望
9．be responsible for 对……有责任，负责
10．take care of 照看，照顾
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．These two expressions come down to much the same.
2．In the end，we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 3．The Bull Team is made up of 15 players.
4．We'll discuss the problem later in detail．
5．What do the letters “UN” stand for?
[寻规律、巧记忆]
affair n ．事情；事件
(教材P 21)current affairs 时事
我们要关心国家大事。

②China is now a major player in international affairs .
现在中国是国际事务的重要参与者。

[明辨异同] affair/business/matter/event
③It was her first international sporting event ．
④He is very interested in public affairs ．
⑤It is time now for us to get down to business and we must be serious about this.
⑥I don't know what's the matter with him.
(教材P 21)Do you sometimes use the Internet ？What for?
你有时用因特网吗？用来做什么？
【要点提炼】句中what for常用于口语，表示“为了什么？”，有时也表示“做什么用？”。

—So what?
——汤姆，你的房间真乱。

——那又怎么样？
②What if you go abroad the next year?
假使你明年出国将会怎样？
③What's the weather like today?
今天天气怎么样？
stand for是……意思，代表；支持，主张，拥护；忍受，容忍
(教材P22)What does “G8” stand for?
“G8”代表什么？
写出下列句中stand for的含义
①As is known to us，the letters PLA stand for the People's Liberation Army.
代表，象征
②We will not stand for this sort of behavior，young man！
忍受，容忍
③We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.
支持，主张
④A true friend will stand up for you when you need it.Also when you don't ask them to.
真正的朋友会在你需要的时候站在你这边。

即使在你没有要求他们这么做(他们也会这么做的)。

⑤Please remember I'll stand by you whatever happens.
请记住，无论发生什么事情，我都会拥护你。

⑥Her red hair made her quite stand out in the crowd.
她的红头发使得她在人群里相当引人注目。

(教材P22)It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year，as the topic of Africa will be discussed in detail.
今年的会议将会作为一次历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，因为非洲问题将是本届会议详细讨论的问题。

【要点提炼】句中有两个as，其中第一个是介词，意为“作为”，形成短语be remembered as“作为……被怀念/记着”。

第二个as是从属连词，意为“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。

他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。

②When in Rome，do as Romans do.
入乡随俗。

③This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。

demand vt.要求，请求n.[C]要求，请求[U]需要
(教材P22)Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.
全世界的人们都要求改革。

这个季节软饮料需求量很大。

②She demanded an answer of/from me.
她要求我给予答复。

③He demanded of me to shut (shut) the gate.
他要求我关上大门。

④They demand that the books be returned (return) to the school library at once.
他们要求把书立刻还回图书馆。

[名师点津]
表示“要求某人做某事”，不可以说demand sb.to do sth.，但可以说demand of sb.to do sth.或ask/require/request sb.to do sth.。

(教材P22)They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africa's poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse.
他们想要领导们取消非洲最贫穷国家的债务以防止事态恶化。

(1)【要点提炼】句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，意为“以便，为了”。

and raise her family.
＝Cathy had quit her job when her son was born in order to stay at home and raise her family.
Cathy在她儿子出生时就已经辞去了工作，以便她能够待在家里照顾家人。

②I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
我去听演讲去得很早，所以找了个好座位。

③She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.
为了能跟上电视课程她买了课本。

[名师点津]
in order to可位于句首或句中，而so as to不能位于句首。

(2)prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，妨碍某事发生
我无法阻止自己去想那些我们共同度过的日子。

⑤The boy was kept from doing(do) any housework.As a result，he could not take care of himself.
那个男孩的家人不让他做任何家务。

结果，他连自己都无法照顾。

belief n．信仰；信心；信任
(教材P22)Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.
人们坚信，这是使许多国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一出路。

他的悲惨身世令我难以置信。

②He has lost his belief in God.
他已经不相信上帝了。

③It is believed(believe) that the house was built in 1735.
据说这房子建于1735年。

④Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.
信不信由你，我们冒雨一直等了两个小时。

announce vt.宣布，宣告
(教材P23)At 12：45 UK time today，the name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games was being announced by the International Olympics Committee (IOC) in Singapore.
在今天的英国时间12：45，国际奥林匹克委员会在新加坡宣布了2012年奥林匹克运动会主办城市的名字。

政府向公众宣布，他们会偿还债务。

②It was announced that the prime minister would speak on television that evening.
据宣布，首相将在当天晚上发表电视演说。

③I'd like to make an important announcement(announce) to you.
我要向你们发表一项重要声明。

[明辨异同]announce/declare
④He announced to us that the government had declared that they would try every possible means to prevent the disease throughout the country.
[名师点津]
announce不能跟双宾语。

即没有announce sb.sth.结构。

如要表达“向某人宣布某事”要用announce sth.to sb.。

类似用法的动词还有：suggest，explain，report等。

application n．申请(书)；应用
(教材P23)Applications to host the games had also been made by Moscow, Madrid, New York and Paris.
申请主办这届奥运会的城市还有莫斯科、马德里、纽约和巴黎。

我递了3份求职申请书，但都没成功。

②I should apply for the post if I were you，I think you stand a good chance.
如果我是你的话，我一定去申请这个职位。

我认为你大有希望。

③Taylor will apply to college soon.She wants to be a nurse.
Taylor很快将申请上大学。

她想当一名护士。

come down to 结果是；可归结为
(教材P23)In the end，it came down to a choice between Paris and London.
最后的结果是在巴黎和伦敦之间做出选择。

他怎么会被开除了？
②She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。

③He come up with a good design for the repairs of the old temple.
对于这座古老的寺庙的修缮，他提出了一个好的设计方案。

[名师点津]
在“it comes down to＋宾语”结构中，it是虚词，用来笼统地谈论某种情况；to为
介词，后接名词、动名词作宾语。

delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的
(教材P23)Prince William，who is now in New Zealand，said he was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games.
正在新西兰的威廉王子说，他很高兴2012年奥运会将要在伦敦举办，他期盼着这次盛会的到来。

我们很高兴听说你申请了这份工作。

②To his great delight, his novel has been accepted for publication.
使他极为高兴的是，他的小说已被采用准备出版了。

③I was delighted at the thought of seeing you again.
一想到会再见到你我就高兴。

④He delights in finding(find)fault with others.
他喜欢挑别人的毛病。

(教材P23)No one has yet discovered who is responsible for the incidents but police are already collecting evidence．
还没有人发现谁为暴力事件负责，但警方已经在收集证据了。

(1)incident n. 事件，事情
你可能引起了严重外交冲突。

②The plane landed without incident.
飞机安全着陆。

[明辨异同]incident/accident
③It's not clear whether the incident was an accident or deliberation.
(2)evidence n．证明，证据
有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。

⑤The first signs of spring are in evidence(evident)．
春天的最初迹象已显而易见。

⑥It is evident that the party was a failure.
很明显这个晚会是失败的。

[解构长句难句]
1．I listen to the radio every morning while I'm getting ready for school.
【分析】该句为主从复合句。

while I'm getting ready for school为时间状语从句，while表示“在……期间，当……时候”，while从句中常用进行时态。

【翻译】每天早晨我准备上学时都收听收音机广播。

2．Widespread poverty in Africa means that many people there cannot get the water，clothing，housing，electricity or education they need.
【分析】句中that引导宾语从句，作means的宾语；they need是省略that的定语从句，修饰前面的名词。

【翻译】非洲普遍的贫困意味着那里的许多人不能获得他们需要的饮用水、衣服、住房、电力及教育。

3．London's name had been announced twice before，in 1908 and 1948，so it now has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times.
【分析】句中的it指代的是London；to host the event three times是不定式作定语，修饰the first city。

中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用不定式作定语。

【翻译】伦敦这一名字在1908年和1948年曾被宣布过两次，所以现在它获得了第一个主办三次奥运会的城市的殊荣。

4．Prince William，who is now in New Zealand，said he was delighted that the
2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games.
【分析】该句为主从复合句。

who is now in New Zealand为非限制性定语从句，说明先行词Prince William的情况，关系代词为who。

主句谓语动词said后跟两个并列的宾语从句。

【翻译】威廉王子现在正在新西兰，他说他非常高兴2012年奥运会将在伦敦举行，而且他正期盼着这届奥运会。

[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was delighted(delight) with the present you sent.
2．When her husband died，she put an announcement(announce) in the newspaper.
3．As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
4．How can you stand by and watch the country go to ruin?
5．The novels of Scott are much in demand nowadays.
6．He was prevented from going(go)to school because of his illness.
7．It is my belief(believe)that good manners are very important to everybody.
8．He applied himself diligently to learning(learn)French.
9．The Student Union is organizing a debating competition，which aims to develop students' interest in social affairs(affair)．
10．The police were trying their best to look for some evidence(evident) about this murder.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．When was his book come out？
was→did 2．We all laughed at Jane when she said she believed ghosts.
believed后加in 3．We must keep the water being polluted.
being前加from 4．If you apply you to the job in hand，you'll soon finish it.
第二个you→yourself 5．Then what about？Why do you want to go there？
about→for
[语法专项突破]
被动语态
[自主领悟]
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

同一件事往往既可以用主动句又可以用被动句来表达，但侧重点有所不同。

一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者即动作的发出者，而被动语态侧重于动作的对象即动作的承受者。

一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，常用时态形式如下表：
我们的教室每天都被打扫。

The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.(一般过去时的被动语态)
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。

More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.(一般将来时的被动语态)
中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。

When we got to the cinema，all the tickets had been sold out.(过去完成时的被动语态)
我们到达电影院时，所有的票都已售完。

He said that the people's living standard would be greatly improved.(过去将来时的被动语态)
他说人们的生活水平将会提高。

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.(现在进行时的被动语态)
我的自行车现在正在被汤姆修理着。

After school we went to the reading­room to do some reading，only to be told that it was being decorated.(过去进行时的被动语态)
放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。

[即时演练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①It is reported that a space station will be built(build) on the moon in years to come.
②Unless some extra money is found(find)，the theatre will close.
③Cellphones are being used(use) by more and more teens and many new functions have been added(add) to them nowadays.
二、怎样把主动语态变为被动语态
先找出谓语动词；再找出谓语动词后的宾语；把宾语作为被动语态中的主语；注意人称、时态和数的变化。

Bruce writes a letter every week.
→A letter is written by Bruce every week.
布鲁斯每周写一封信。

[名师点津]
被动语态时态歌诀
被动不离“be”“p.p.”，p.p.前面要加be；
主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意；
am, is, are, 现在时→am/is/are＋p.p.；
was 和were 表过去→was/were＋p.p.；
将来、情态＋be原形→will/can/may/must＋be＋p.p.；
进行时态两个be，前表时态后加­ing→be＋being＋p.p.。

[即时演练2] 句型转换
①He brought Mike some guidebooks.
→Mike was brought some guidebooks by him.
②She painted the walls light blue.
→The walls were painted light blue by her.
③I saw Jack clean the classroom.
→Jack was seen to clean the classroom．
三、主动结构表示被动含义的用法
1．某些动词如lock, shut, open, read, write, sell, wash, clean, burn, cut等，表示主语的属性或特征时，用主动形式表示被动含义。

The books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

Wood burns easily.木头很容易燃烧。

2．当不定式用在作表语的某些形容词后面时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。

这些形容词有easy, hard, difficult等。

The problem is difficult to deal with.
这个问题很难处理。

3．want, need, require(作“需要”讲)和be worth后面用动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。

The room needs cleaning.房间需要打扫了。

His suggestion is worth considering.
他的建议值得考虑。

4．不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。

I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事情要做。

Tom is looking for a room to live in.
汤姆正在找一间住的房间。

5．某些不及物动词短语无被动形式：belong to, consist of, agree with, come up with 等。

[名师点津]
主动表被动的记忆诀窍
主动表被动，这些要背诵：
钟声敲得砰砰响；(The bell sounds well.)
六点开门上学堂；(The school opens at 6：00.)
战(争)事(情)开始于7点；(The war began at 7：00.)
布料耐洗易烫平；(The cloth washed well and ironed easily.)
剧本、故事演(讲)得好；(The play acted well and the story told well.)
烟斗好抽又畅销；(The pipe smokes well and sells well.)
此书还在印刷中；(The book is printing.)
那饼吃来脆又松；(The cookie eats crisply.)
木料易锯摸起来粗；(The wood saws easily and its surface feels tough.)
食物难存易烹调；(The food doesn't keep long but cooks easily.)
清水装满水桶中；(The clean water fills the bucket.)
茶的味道香喷喷。

(The tea tastes sweet.)
[即时演练3] 单句改错
①With the world changing fast，we have something new to dealt with all by ourselves every day.
dealt→deal
②I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth washed well.
washed→washes
③our composition is good but your handwriting still requires to improve.
to improve→improving/be improved
四、含有情态动词的被动语态以及非谓语动词的被动语态
这个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。

Having been shown around the university，we then were taken to a building，where many scientists worked.
有人带领我们参观了这所大学，然后我们被带到了许多科学家工作的大楼。

Harry Potter is said to have been translated into over twelve languages by the end of last year.
据说到去年年底《哈利·波特》已经被译成超过12种语言了。

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.
许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。

[即时演练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①And he would be very pleased to know the reactions to his compositions being performed(perform) beyond this nation.
②The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without being recognized(recognize)．
③－We are very worried about Tom.Why hasn't he come back?
－Don't worry.He may have been caught(catch) in a traffic jam.
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．More efforts，as reported，will be made(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply­side st ructural reform.
2．This book has been translated(translate) into many languages.
3．To my delight，I was chosen(choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
4．Some top students are sent(send)to study in foreign countries once a year.
5．More and more schools will be built(build) here later.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has reached so far by the two sides.
has后加been 2．More expressways will built in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
will后加be 3．The hero will be being respected by people.
去掉being 4．E­mail English is a new kind of written English that is used at present to save time.
used前加being 5．By the end of last month，all of his works have been published.
have→had。