2015年翻译硕士英语考试大纲
2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题及详解
2015年四川外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》真题(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Word Derivation(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The 1among the allies was no secret to the enemy.(harmony)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：harmony）【解析】(句意：盟国间关系和睦，这对敌军而言已不是秘密。
harmony协调；和睦；融洽。
由后面的was可知，此处需要使用其单数形式。
)2.The situation there was 1. Something must be done promptly.(tolerate)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：intolerable）【解析】(句意：那的情况令人无法忍受，我们必须立刻采取行动。
由后面"必须立刻做一些事情"可以得知前面所表达的情况是令人难以忍受的，显然was后要用形容词，所以此处应填intolerable。
)3.This is made of 1material.(resist heat)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：healt resistant）【解析】(句意：它由耐热材料制作而成。
此处显然需要一个形容词，heat resistant耐热的，耐高温的。
)4.She was a very 1 social scientist. She proved that apart from self-love, there were other basic human instincts.(observe)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：observant）【解析】(句意：她是一位观察力敏锐的社会科学家，她证实除了利己主义，人类还有其它本能。
2015年考研英语(二)翻译大纲解析
2015年考研英语（二）翻译大纲解析在所有考研学子的殷切期待中，2015年考研大纲解析于9月13日隆重出炉。
值得庆幸的是，英语（二）翻译大纲和去年没有任何变化，广大考生尽可放心地按原计划复习。
尽管如此，为了帮助英语（二）考生把握好备考的方向，本文将从考研英语翻译的两个最重要因素——理解和表达——进行大纲解读。
英语（二）翻译部分考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力，考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺，共15分。
考研英语（二）的翻译部分与大家所熟悉的英语（一）不同，英语（二）考试的翻译部分属于段落翻译，而段落翻译对上下文理解上的依赖性更强。
翻译中最重要的就是理解与表达。
第一步是理解句子内部的逻辑关系，而这种逻辑关系首先体现为句法关系。
理解句法关系必然需要考生具备足够的语言知识，也就是必须有语法做基础。
另外，所要翻译的内容还是由学科知识构成，英语（二）和英语（一）在内容上的不同体现在英语（二）更生活化，涉及很多生活领域中的知识，也较容易理解。
因此考生平时要注意积累相关的知识。
理解的第二步是理解词义。
这一步涉及单词的意义选择。
英语中一词多义和汉语中的一字多义一样，是常见的语言现象。
越是常用的词，其释义越繁多，搭配也越丰富。
如果没有选择正确的词义，很难达到理解。
词义的选择有多方面的影响因素，如词的难度或上下文的难易程度。
考生们必须在不断的翻译练习中提高词义选择的能力。
在翻译的过程中，有了正确的理解并不等于翻译已经完成。
正确的理解是翻译中正确表达的基础；没有正确的理解，正确的表达也就无从谈起。
反之，翻译没有正确的表达，正确的理解也是枉然，翻译也就不成翻译。
在理解的基础之上，下一步需要做的就是表达，即将英语转化为汉语。
有的时候，在同一个正确理解的基础上，我们会有多种正确的表达方法，我们应选用最符合汉语习惯的表达。
这一步主要涉及选词和运用一定的翻译技巧。
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题,考研参考书,复试分数线,考研报录比
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆一.词汇翻译（30分）英译汉：从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分，一个3分）1added value tax增值税增值税是以商品（含应税劳务）在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。
从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。
实行价外税，也就是由消费者负担，有增值才征税没增值不征税。
2annual financial report年度财务报告年度财务报告是指年度终了对外提供的财务报告。
通常将半年度，季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。
年度财务报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。
3bull market牛市，旺市；多头市场。
牛市，旺市指交易旺盛的市场形势，和"淡市'相对。
多头市场又称买空市场，是指股价的基本趋势持续上升时形成的投机者不断买进证券，需求大于供给的市场现象。
4law of diminishing marginal returns边际收益递减规律又称边际效益递减规律，或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件不变（如技术水平不变）的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变为条件的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。
5angel investment天使投资是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。
它是风险投资的一种形式，在根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题答案解析
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
【中国文学】一、填空1、《山海经》2、风、雅、颂、赋、比、兴3、竹林七贤4、《清商曲》5、《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》6．小令、套曲7．块状结构8.新民体9 《动摇》10 鲁迅11 沈从文12 徐志摩13 《四世同堂》14 《歌德巴赫猜想》15 贾平凹二、选择填空1、《玉台新咏》2、王粲3、《饮酒》4、鲍照5、诚斋体6、马致远7、《醒世姻缘传》8、龚自珍9 《湖畔》10 《黑骏马》11 周作人12 郭沫若13 巴金14 《绿化树》15 舒婷三、名词解释1、《春秋左氏传》简称《左传》，相传为春秋时鲁左丘明所撰。
其以《春秋》为本，记载鲁隐公元年至鲁悼公四年间二百六十年史事，也保存了一些古代传说，共18万字。
《左传》代表了先秦史学的最高成就，是研究先秦历史和春秋时期历史的重要文献，对确立编年体史书的地位起了很大作用。
而且由于它具有强烈的儒家思想倾向，因此也是研究先秦儒家思想的重要历史资料。
《左传》不仅是历史著作，也是一部非常优秀的文学著作。
它表现在：长于记述战争，善于刻画人物，重视记录辞令。
2、“临川四梦”明代著名戏剧家汤显祖的四部以“爱情”为主题的名剧《紫箫记》(后改为《紫钗记》)、《牡丹亭》、《南柯记》、《邯郸记》，都与“梦”有关，有因为汤显祖出生于江西临川，所以四戏被合称为“临川四梦”。
3、文学研究会“文研会”是我国现代第一个大型的文学社团。
1921年1月成立于北京。
发起人是周作人、郑振铎、沈雁冰、叶绍钧、许地山等人。
革新后的《小说月报》是“文研会”的会刊。
“文研会”主张文学要为人生表现人生，指导人生,并提倡现实主义创作方法。
他们创作一批所谓“问题小说”。
4、伤痕文学伤痕文学是上个世纪70年代末80年代初的文学创作流派，专指在“文革”过去之后诞生的不少暴露内心伤痕和经历的文学思潮。
2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士学位研究生考试参考书目
北京外国语大学翻译硕士学位研究生考试参考书目英语:1、Bassnett, Susan.《翻译研究》Translation Studies, 外教社, 2004.2、Gentzler, Edwin.《当代翻译理论（第二版修订本）》Contemporary Translation Theories, 外教社,2004.3、马会娟、苗菊编.《当代西方翻译理论选读》, 外语教学与研究出版社,2009年。
4、Joan Pinkham 、姜桂华著：《中式英语之鉴》，外语教学与研究出版社，2000年。
欲购此书，可向北京西三环北路19号外语教学与研究出版社邮购部汇款邮购。
5、庄绎传著：《英汉翻译简明教程》，外语教学与研究出版社，2002年。
欲购此书，可向北京西三环北路19号外语教学与研究出版社邮购部汇款邮购。
6、叶子南著:《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》，清华大学出版社，2001年。
欲购此书，可向清华大学出版社发行部邮购科汇款邮购。
7、罗进德主编:《非文学翻译理论与实践》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2004年。
欲购此书，可向北京市西城区太平桥大街4号翻译书店汇款。
俄语:1､蔡毅等编：《俄译汉教程(增修本)》上册,外语教学与研究出版社,2006年。
2､周允､王承时编：《汉译俄教程》，外语教学与研究出版社，1981年。
3､吴克礼主编：《俄苏翻译理论流派述评》(下编)，上海外语教育出版社，2006年。
法语:1、邵炜：《汉法口译教程——教你从容地表达》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2012年。
2、许钧：《翻译论》，武汉：湖北教育出版社，2003年。
3、刘宓庆：《翻译与语言哲学》，北京：北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年。
4、塞莱斯科维奇，勒代雷著，闫素伟,邵炜译：《口译训练指南》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2011年。
5、刘宓庆：《当代翻译理论》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1999年。
德语:1、刘宓庆：《当代翻译理论》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年。
2015天津理工大学翻译硕士考研指导翻硕真题考研经验指导招生目录分数线参考书考研真题-育明教育广州分校
育明考研——天津理工大学翻译硕士考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
天津理工大学1:41-《英译中国现代散文选》张培基（三册中至少一册）非常经典，练基本功非它莫属。
2-《高级翻译理论与实践》叶子南汉译英的经典之作，体裁实用，读来作者亲授一般3-《翻译硕士常考词汇精编》育明教育内部资料绝大部分翻译的词汇都可以在这里找到，很实用。
试题中出现比较生僻的单词的话，读了这本词汇书基本你就认识了4-《中国文化读本》叶朗朱良志翻译的体裁有时候和中国文化有关，作为译者应该了解中国文化；书本身也很好，图文并茂5-《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，笔译20人，口译25人。
笔译复试科目：英汉互译（笔译）、面试。
口译复试科目：英汉交替传译、面试。
本专业不招同等学力考生。
光明日报出版社考试时间及科目：第1天：上午下午第2天：上午下午1、思想政治理论2、翻译硕士英语3、英语翻译基础4、汉语写作与百科知识100分100分150分150分目前，大多数院校并没有公布翻译硕士的考研参考书，所以同学们复习起来找不到一个目标和方向，育明考研教育通过研究历年真题、翻译硕士考试大纲以及近百所院校参考书为同学们推荐了一些基本的参考书目，可以作为一个基础复习的参考！一些院校针对性的复习内容会在后面给同学们解答。
《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传2002年外语教学与研究出版社《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南2001年清华大学出版社《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》李国正2012年光明日报出版社《应用文写作》夏晓鸣2010年复旦大学出版社《高级英语》（修订本）第1、2册，张汉熙1995年外语教学与研究出版社《翻译硕士词汇精编》李国正2014年当当网，亚马逊有售《汉语写作与百科知识真题解析》李国正2014年当当网，亚马逊有售《英语翻译基础真题解析》李国正2014年当当网，亚马逊有售《翻译硕士英语真题解析》李国正2014年当当网，亚马逊有售独家出版教材------真正针对考试的参考书育明教育考研教研室经过8年的努力，汇编了一大批图书，并由光明日报出版社、团结出版社、中国经济出版社出版发行，在当当网、亚马逊、淘宝网同步发售。
桂林电子科技大学2015年考研试题211翻译硕士英语(2015-A)
桂林电子科技大学2015年研究生统一入学考试试题科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试题上无效）。
I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30’)Multiple Choice QuestionsDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best fits the blank or best paraphrases the underlined word or words to complete each statement. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. The Smiths decided to buy that house with a garage ______.A. attachB. attachedC. to attachD. attaching2. The unsuccessful operation ______ heavily on the young surgeon’s mind.A. weighedB. weightC. to weighD. attaching3. As the Chinese table-tennis players are the best in the world, it was not ______ that they took away most of the cups.A. surprisedB. puzzledC. surprisingD. puzzling4. The handsome young man is a down-to- ______ person.A. earthB. dirtC. mudD. soil5. Before taking actions, you must consider the ______ sufficiently.A. outcomeB. resultsC. effectD. consequences6. He had no ______ sufficiently good enough for the refusal of the post.A. causeB. sourceC. whyD. reason7. A ______ sentence has one or more clauses besides the main clause.A. simpleB. simplisticC. complexD. complicated8. I am glad that things have ______ so well.A. turned inB. turned onC. turned upD. turned out9. They did their best to ______ the significance of their enemy’s victory.A. reduceB. belittleC. minimizeD. diminish10. She ______ that her stay was not welcomed by the hostess.A. sensedB. feltC. was conscious ofD. was aware of11. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.A. disasterB. crackC. fledgeD. bombardment12. This is for real.A. realityB. real C .indeed D. ok13. Well, that is California all over.A. at allB. as its characteristic isC. specialsD. reverie14. Jealousy, a(n) _______ motive, usually invites abnormal psychological behavior in a person’smind.A. vastB. cosmicC. originalD. initial15. A large quantity of foreign food aid has led to a(n) ________ reduction in the number ofpeople dying of starvation.A. drasticB. primalC. loathsomeD. increasingly16. She is ______ with those who speak the local dialect.A. cloudedB. profuseC. comfortableD. responsible17. The authority claims that the new pills can dramatically increase life expectancy, but there’sno _______ evidence to support this.A. actualB. concreteC. obviousD. empirical18. He won the election by an overwhelming majority of votes.A. largeB. scarceC. slimD. sparse19. Marina seemed extremely nervous at the prospect of her turn to make the presentation.A. on word ofB. at the thought ofC. at the request ofD. upon hearing of20. The glaring of the sun makes all stars invisible.A. coldnessB. darknessC. brightnessD. hotness21. The weatherman said, “It will be chilly this afternoon.”A. hotB. wetC. turbidD. cold22. Shakespeare was one of the most prolific writers in England.A. creativeB. productiveC. ingeniousD. inventive23. Hitler was however wrong and we should ______ to help Russia.A. go all outB. go out allC. make all outD. make out all24. An hour later, we were told that the hostess was arriving presently.A. sometime laterB. a short time laterC. a long time laterD. sometime in future25. Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor.A. corruptedB. discoloredC. pollutedD. decayed26. This is the _________ lawyer who is likely to win the whole nation’s attention.A. cleverB. intelligentC. remarkableD. brilliant27. I suppose laziness is one of the frailties of human nature.A. peculiaritiesB. weaknessesC. characteristicsD. identities28. Mark Twain had become a very _______ man during his later life, which was reflected in hiswritings. He believed that the world was wrong, where people achieved nothing.A. sentimentalB. cynicalC. sarcasticD. ironic29. The police are speculating that the suicide bombers may be linked to a terrorist organization.A. confirmingB. contemplatingC. guessingD. subsiding30. If he does guess what you want to buy correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little inthe bargaining.A. produceB. resignC. deferD. give inII. Reading Comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple Choice Questions (30’)Directions: In this section, there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AWe sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not theexperience itself, is what weakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. Multiple Choice Questions (10’)1. Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ________.A. was strengthenedB. was not affectedC. was alteredD. was weakened2. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ________.A. try to control unpleasant stimuli B .turn off the electricityC. behave passively in controllable situationsD. become abnormally suspicious3. The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was that ________.A. they disliked its tasteB. it affected their immune systemsC. it led to stomach pains D .they associated it with stomachaches4.The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader's experiment was that ________.A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin B. the sweetener was poisonous to themC. their immune systems had been altered by the mindD. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning5. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ________.A. can be weakened by conditioningB. can be suppressed by drug injectionsC. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharinD. can be altered by electric shocksPassage BSince 1992, the U. S. has offered Israel an additional $ 2 billion annually in loan guarantees. Congressional researchers have disclosed that between 1974 and 1989, $16.4 billion in U. S. military loans were converted to grants and that this was the understanding from the beginning. Indeed, all past U.S. loans to Israel have eventually been forgiven by Congress, which has undoubtedly helped Israel’s often-touted claim that they have never defaulted on a U.S. government loan. U.S. policy since 1984 has been that economic assistance to Israel must equal or exceed Israel’s annual debt repayment to the United States. Unlike other countries, which receiveaid in quarterly installments, aid to Israel since 1982 has been given in a lump sum at the beginning of the fiscal year, leaving the U. S. government to borrow from future revenues. Israel even lends some of this money back through U.S. treasury bills and collects the additional interest.In addition, there is the more than $1.5 billion in private U. S. funds that go to Israel annually in the form of $1 billion in private tax-deductible donations and $ 500 million in Israeli bonds. The ability of Americans to make what amounts to tax-deductible contributions to a foreign government, made possible through a number of Jewish charities, does not exist with any other country. Nor do these figures include short-and-long-term commercial loans from U. S. banks, which have been as high as $1 billion annually in recent years.Total U.S. aid to Israel is approximately one-third of the American foreign-aid budget, even though Israel comprises just 0.001 percent of the world’s population and already has one of the world’s higher per capita incomes. Indeed, Israel’s GNP is higher than the combined GNP of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza. With a per capita income of about $14,000, Israel ranks as the sixteenth wealthiest country in the world; Israelis enjoy a higher per capita income than oil-rich Saudi Arabia and are only slightly less well-off than most Western European countries.AID does not term economic aid to Israel as development assistance, but instead uses the term "economic support funding". Given Israel’s relative prosperity, U.S. aid to Israel is becoming increasingly controversial. In 1994, Yossi Beilen, deputy foreign minister of Israel and a Knesset member, told the Women’s International Zionist Organization, "If our economic situation is better than in many of your countries, how can we go on asking for your charity?"Multiple Choice Questions (10’)6. According to the passage, American economic assistance to Israel took all the following forms EXCEPT ________.A. private fundsB. commercial loans from U.S. banksC. government grantsD. government donations7. What is the writer’s attitude towards American economic aid to Israel?A. Disapproving.B. Appreciative.C. Ambiguous.D. Difficult to tell.8. What is the main reason why U.S. aid to Israel is becoming controversial?A. The large sum of loans to Israel.B. American financial situation.C. The relative prosperity of Israel economy.D. Survey of U. S. Congressional researchers.9. The words of the deputy foreign minister of Israel indicate that ________.A. Jewish charities provided great help for IsraelB. American is obliged to give Israel economic aidC. Israel actually doesn’t deserve American economic aidD. Israel’s economy is worsening10. It can be inferred from Israel’s "often-touted claim" that ________.A. Israel was satisfied with the ability in repaying all the loans from AmericaB. U.S. government should not worry about the Israel’s economic developmentC. U. S economic aid to Israel was a wrong actionD. American economic assistance to Israel was successfulPassage COne of the best-known proverbs must be "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise". The promises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the ranks of theearly retires and risers must be particularly appealing to many people in our contemporary society. There is no doubt that one of the greatest concerns of modem man is his health. It is estimated that in the United States $ 200 billion are spent on health care each year. The medical field has grown into such a big business that it employs 4. 8 million people, and it appears that in many places, more staff is needed to meet the demands of the people who are concerned about their physical well-being.Much more interest has been shown in preventive medicine in recent years. This is probably due in part to the increasing costs of medical treatment, but the writings of such people as Dr. Cooper have also played an important role. In his book Aerobics, Dr. Cooper communicated his message of the benefits of exercise so effectively that many other authors have flowed in his trail, and literally millions of readers have put on their sports shoes and taken to the highways and byways of America. A recent survey showed that over 17 million people are jogging. Many of these are so serious that they have trained themselves to run the 26 miles and 38. 5 yards of the hard and tiring marathons that are sponsored all over the country. The last time I was in Honolulu, I was amazed to see hundreds of people, young and old, running for their lives, and I discovered many of them have ran in the Hawaiian Marathon.Exercise has also become a major part of conversation. At a dinner party recently, the president of a bank asked me, "You look like a runner; how far do you run each day'?" A few days later when I appeared on a national television show, the host suddenly asked me if I was a regular runner. On both occasions the conversation turned to the subject of exercise and I found, as l have found whenever I have traveled recently, that this is a subject on many people's minds. Of course, there are still many people who are less than enthusiastic about exercise. They appreciate the philosophy of Robert M. Hutchings who said, "Whenever the thought of exercise occurs to me, I lie down fill it passes."Multiple Choice Questions (10’)11. The first paragraph indicates that medical workers ______.A．are in great demand B．make a lot of moneyC．are concerned with their own health D．like sports more than ordinary people 12. The retires mentioned (Para. 1) are ______.A．people who gave up work early B．people who live in quiet placesC．people who go to bed early D．people who have a lot of free time 13. Running for their lives (Para. 2) means ______.A．running at a moderate pace B．running to save some people’s lives C．running to escape some danger D．running moist energetically14. Robert M. Hutchings ______.A．did not like any kind of sports B．did not know anything about exercise C．slept most of the time D．would lie down when he began to think 15. The writer is ______.A．anxious about health care in the United StatesB. doubtful about exerciseC．eager to influence the readers towards his personal viewD. vague about his attitudeSection 2 Answering Questions (10’)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer each of the questions which follow thepassage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Passage DBasically, there are three types of fatigue: physical, pathological(由疾病引起的), and psychological. As you might suspect, each differs significantly from the others.When you exercise your body you produce waste products. Muscles, for example, discard lactic acid(乳酸) into the blood; cells dump in carbon dioxide. When these wastes reach a certain level in the blood, the brain is notified and your activity level drops. Excess wastes in the muscles may produce soreness. If the blood of a physically fatigued animal is injected into a rested animal, it will produce fatigue. The solution to this type of fatigue is simple—rest. That should revive you; if it doesn't, another cause should be sought.Have you ever become involved in so many activities that you had to be in two places at once? This is what happens when your body has a disease. The cells are overtaxed and cannot keep up with both fighting the disease and keeping you active. The result is fatigue. Some communicable diseases like the flu and colds are notorious for draining your energy. Other non-communicable diseases, like anemia(贫血), drain you because you are lacking an important body ingredient. Being overweight can cause pathological fatigue. It should be obvious that this type of fatigue is not going to go away without treatment. In a way, pathological fatigue is a lifesaver. It lets you know something is wrong and that you need rest. Even a poor diet can produce pathological fatigue. Frequently, people who go on crash diets develop pathological fatigue, and if the diet is not improved, they may do physical harm to their bodies.Here is the most common type of fatigue. Almost everybody experiences it now and then. Often, the cause is an emotional war you are waging with yourself or those around you. Some of these familiar factors can bring on psychological fatigue, worries, stress, lack of exercise, boredom, depression. If you know someone with psychological fatigue, would you advise him to rest? No way! That might be fine for our other types of fatigue, but for this one, it's deadly. If you are ever going to be able to cope with stress, depression, or worry, you need oxygen in your cells and a more optimistic attitude. Get out of the chair and do something! Believe it or not, many people throw themselves into physical labor like cleaning or carpentry to "defatigue" themselves. If you find yourself in a particularly stressful situation that you can't physically escape, escape mentally. When fatigue continues, maybe you need to get to the root of the problem.Questions:1. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?2. What is physical fatigue usually caused by?3. What will pathological fatigue be eliminated by?4. What does the author point out by saying that “pathological fatigue is a lifesaver”?5. What are the contributing factors to psychological fatigue according to the passage?III. Writing (30’)Directions: Nowadays, many college students have their part-time jobs. Some people say thatdoing part-time jobs is useful, but others argue that students should focus on their study or research and enjoy their school lives.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion in an essay of about 400 words on the above topic entitled:______________________on the answer sheet.。
2015年考研英语(一)大纲解析之翻译篇
Born to wins2015年考研英语（一）大纲解析之翻译篇2015年英语一大纲解析基本没有变化，所以考生可以继续按部就班的复习，以下提出在翻译时需要注意的几个问题。
首先我们要明确为何考翻译。
有同学认为它是英语的一部分，所以得考。
其实不全是这样的。
考翻译是为了你们上研究生以后准备的，研究生肯定要撰写文章，研究出一些成果，在研究的过程中肯定要了解前人在这个领域里做了什么，所以肯定会看到什么外文期刊论文之类的文章。
我们现在所学的这个翻译就是为你以后能看懂期刊论文做准备的。
学好了翻译，不仅能让你能过考试这关，同时也为你以后研究生学习做准备。
想清楚这件事，就可以摆正心态对待翻译了。
翻译作为阅读理解的一部分，实际上考察了学生联系上下文理解句子的能力，但很多学生反映在考上上没有时间阅读整篇文章。
但是没有上下文的支撑，单独翻译句子就会晦涩难懂。
因此考生可以在练习翻译时掌握快速抓住文章主题的能力，关注文章的第一句以及首段首句。
因为英文的行文方式一般先表明观点，然后再加以论证，所以只看首段首句不仅可以节约阅读时间，而且还可以基本掌握文意，使考生在做题时有了一定的背景，这样做起题来就相对容易一些。
同时我们在学习翻译的过程中，也在学习语法，学习长难句分析，也会碰到不熟悉的词汇，不管是阅读、完型、还是作文，都是英语的一部分，他们都是相通的，学习了一门，对其它几个题型也是有提高的。
有人认为做翻译的很慢，其实技巧多加练习很快就能掌握、应用。
最有可能减慢你速度的不是翻译的这些技巧，而是你对有些单词根本就不熟悉，词组搭配也分不清。
这些就需要你在课下的时候，或者在上阅读课，完型课的时候积累的词汇、短语、句型，反复熟悉，直到你一看到它们就像看到高中时期学过的单词一样，看一样就知道是什么意思了。
那么在翻译中出现的生词、词组我们同样也边做边总结。
毕竟出现生僻的单词还是少数。
积累越多，生词越少，翻译起来才不会让生词成为绊脚石。
外交学院翻译硕士英语笔译考研真题
2015年外交学院翻译硕士考研真题回忆版基础英语1.20个单项选择。
考词汇和语法，专八水平，比较基础，有一道很老的题，还有一道其他学校考过的，只是句子稍改了一下。
2.10个改错。
给出一小篇文章，在10行画线句子中找错。
比专八改错简单些。
3.6篇阅读。
外院每年都是6篇阅读，前五篇是选择，题目难度不大，基本上都可以从原文中找到，但要细心。
其中还有一篇是要在几个句子里，选出填到原文空缺处的考题。
最后一篇有变化，去年是考的问答，今年是给文章的每一段选一个可以概括该段的句子，总共需要选出5个，但给出了10个选项，需要认真分析，仔细阅读。
4.作文。
The function of a university(at least400words）前面给了几句不同人的看法，关于大学要不要提供和工作有关的课程。
翻译基础1.QE、API、FTAAP、UNCCC、ISIS、escape velocity、零和关系、零碳和低碳技术、集体供暖体系、贸易代表团、非约束性原则、部长级会议……总共是30个，其余的想出来再补充吧。
2.英译汉从网上搜了一下，没有找到原文，大概讲的就是奥巴马支持民权运动，与其他政治领袖的不同、以及讲述了马丁路德金是怎么影响奥巴马的。
总共是9小段。
3.汉译英从网上找到了原文，543字。
作者是美国加州圣玛利亚学院教授，首发刊载于9月4日发售的《中国新闻周刊》。
人们对不美好的、令人失望的事物可能抱三种态度：理想主义、现实主义和犬儒主义。
有研究者发现，这三种人生态度会分别在青年、中年、老年时期特别有影响。
人在十几、二十来岁的年轻时期，往往倾向于理想主义，特别有正义感。
一旦碰到不公不义、龌龊丑恶之事，便充满了愤怒，理想化地想要对它进行彻底的纠正。
打倒孔家店，推翻封建礼教，消灭封、资、修，占领华尔街，都是年轻人在那里冲锋陷阵。
中年的务实理想主义者希望能尽自己的力量做一些有益的事情：公益活动、议论时事、参与民间团体的活动等等。
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士会议口译考研真题,考研难度
对外经济贸易大学考研经验翻译硕士英语所用资料：圣才的翻译硕士英语历年真题、《商务英语阅读》（王关富）、FT中文网这一门也没用很多时间，成绩也不太好，70几分。
试卷一开始是选词填空，几乎都是商务类的词汇。
偶然发现外销员考试的英语科考试里有类似的题目，可以拿来练练手。
然后是改错，注意看清题目要求，不光要选出错误，还要把正确的句子写上。
再就是阅读，王关富那本商务英语阅读挺不错的，书上很多题型和考试中的一样；另外FT中文网要经常上，阅读理解会出上面的原题，尤其是FT中文网金融英语速度部分。
写作是图表作文，可以看看雅思的图表作文，但考试要求的字数比雅思要多。
2015年的图表是三条折线，其中一条折线的数据是另外两条数据的比，注意看图下面给出的说明，仔细读图，找出折线变化的规律和几条线之间的关系。
翻译所用资料：catti二级笔译实务、三级笔译实务、政府工作报告、2010-2014各高校MTI词条翻译（别人整理后卖给我的）我曾考catti三级笔译,所以早在考研之前就翻译过好多了，还算有经验。
前期每天都做翻译，后期因为政治耗费不少时间，就没能坚持每天都翻，这一门120几分。
2015年题型有了变化，词条翻译不仅要译出还要进行名词解释。
题目要求从给出的词条中选取，英语的词条用汉语翻译并用汉语解释，汉语的词条用英语翻译并用英语解释。
然后是一篇英译汉，一篇汉译英。
汉语写作与百科知识所用资料：《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》电子版（林青松）、《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》（李国正）、《中国文化概论》（金元浦）、2015高考押题作文与押题素材，在图书馆借的商务写作和公文写作类的书这一科考得还算不错，130几分。
2015年题型变化，往年的名词解释去掉了，试卷是50道选择题和两篇作文。
选择题难度不大，涉及中国古代、近现代文学，历史，地理，外国文学，文化常识，有一点意外就是，2015年有几道选择题考的是一些畅销经济金融类的书及作者，这个没有看过，基本都是猜的，所以提醒一下准备时稍微注意一点。
357 英语翻译基础考试大纲(2015版)
全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》（357）考试大纲(2015版)一、考试目的《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MTI学习阶段的水平。
二、考试性质及范围本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的参照性水平考试。
考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。
考试为3小时。
三、考试基本要求1. 具备一定中外文化，以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
2. 具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。
3. 具备较强的英汉/ 汉英转换能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生的英汉/ 汉英转换能力。
试题分类参见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容本考试包括二个部分：词语翻译和英汉互译。
总分150分。
I. 词语翻译1. 考试要求要求考生准确翻译所给的中英文术语或专有名词（不需要解释）。
2. 题型要求考生较为准确地写出所给30个汉/ 英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。
汉/ 英文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。
II. 英汉互译1. 考试要求要求应试者具备英汉互译的基本技巧和能力；初步了解中国和英语国家的社会、文化等背景知识；初步掌握科普类文本的翻译技巧；要求译文忠实原文，无明显误译、漏译；译文通顺，用词正确、表达基本无误；译文无明显语法错误；英译汉速度每小时250-350个英语单词，汉译英速度每小时300-400个汉字。
2. 题型要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的文章，英译汉为250-350个单词，汉译英为300-400个汉字，各占60分，总分120分。
《英语翻译基础》考试内容一览表建议考生可以看一下上海外语教育出版社（2004年）出版的英文版Dictionary ofTranslation Studies, by Mark Shuttleworth & Moira Cowie, 谭载喜主译的中文版翻译研究词典, 武汉大学出版社（2006年）出版的英汉互译实用教程。
高译考研-北京航空航天大学2015年翻译硕士英语考试大纲
高译考研-北京航空航天大学2015年翻译硕士英语考试大纲一、考试目的《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
考试为3小时。
三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10, 000以上，掌握6, 000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法1. 要求1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10, 000以上，其中积极词汇量为6, 000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求：考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型：选择题II. 阅读理解1. 要求1）能读懂常见英语报刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型1) 选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2) 简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
III．英语写作1. 要求：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
2015考研英语二大纲之翻译篇
2015考研英语（二）大纲之翻译篇于2014年9月13日发布的英语二大纲看来，英语二的翻译部分依旧沿袭去年的要求。
考查考生理解所给的英语语言材料并将其转化成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、通顺、完整。
自2010年开始考查的情况来看，难度总体比英语一低，而且出题难度保持在一定水平，多为生活文化类的文章。
所以复习起来相对容易。
但是鉴于复习资料较少，所以建议考生以英语一2004到2014年的真题为复习材料，各种长难句的翻译方法，这样才能在练习英语二这种长短相见的句子上做到得心应手。
翻译是英语综合实力的体现，所以复习时要多管齐下。
首先在词汇方面，考生要掌握大纲要求的词汇，英语二的翻译中更加侧重词的意义的考察，所以考生在备考时注意反复复习高频词汇，而且要注意某些词汇在上下文语境中意义的变化，从而才能在翻译时得心应手。
其次在句法方面，虽然英语二不全部考察长难句，但是出现的频率也不低，所以考生不要因为英语二简单就忽视对长难句的准备。
要准备要以下知识点：各类从句、特殊结构（倒装、强调、虚拟、插入语）的构成与译法，非谓语动词的考察等。
最后，要了解英汉两种语言的差异，分析出二者根本上的不同，根据不同，找出翻译方法，跨考教育在线视频有专门针对英语二翻译方法的讲解，各位考生可以参考，保证你们快速的掌握英汉两种语言的差异，更好的应对翻译这一题型。
通过视频课的指导，以及以后你们按照这几次课的要求所做的练习，最终让你们达到第三档要求，即基本完成了试题规定的任务，理解基本准确；表达比较通顺；没有重大错译、漏译现象。
目标分数在9-12分之间。
最后，翻译建议同学们经常按照考试规定的时间为自己测试。
模拟考场上的环境和紧迫感，测试之后再对所测试题进行分析，找出自己的弱点，有必要的话在后期调整复习策略，不断在测试以及修改中得到提升。
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案及复习攻略
we read ours. 句义：阅读为我们提供了各种知识，思考让我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。 答案：D 考点：词义辨析 分析：
A. rectifies B. prolongs C. minimizes D. furnishes
矫正 延长 最小化 提供，供给
22. If the fire alarm is counted, all residents are requested to assemble in the courtyard. 句义：火警警报响起时，所有市民都要在院子里集合。 答案：A 考点：词义辨析 分析：
答案：D 考点：词义辨析
分析：
A. commend
表扬，称赞
B. memorize
记住，熟记
C. propagate
传播，宣传
D. commemorate
纪念，庆祝
07. Please do not be irritated by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract
才思教育考研考博全心全意
对外经济贸易大学 2010 年 MTI 硕士入学考试
基础英语·答案详解
Part 1: Grammar and Vocabulary.
01. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot
14. The members of Parliament were indignant that the government had not consulted them. 句义：议员对政府没有和他们协商感到很愤怒。 答案：D 考点：词义辨析 分析：
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/40)Vocabulary第1题His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality下一题(2/40)Vocabulary第2题Patriotism was the army captain´s______when he spoke at our school assembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory上一题下一题(3/40)Vocabulary第3题A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype上一题下一题(4/40)Vocabulary第4题You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.belB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate上一题下一题(5/40)Vocabulary第5题A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms上一题下一题(6/40)Vocabulary第6题Travel can be an excellent______to one´s education.plementpletionponentpetitor上一题下一题(7/40)Vocabulary第7题The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment上一题下一题(8/40)Vocabulary第8题He accepted______for the damage done to the car.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood上一题下一题(9/40)Vocabulary第9题If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary上一题下一题(10/40)Vocabulary第10题The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates上一题下一题(11/40)Vocabulary第11题His newly published novel enjoys great______.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy上一题下一题(12/40)Vocabulary第12题The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.A.elegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical上一题下一题(13/40)Vocabulary第13题Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation上一题下一题(14/40)Vocabulary第14题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed上一题下一题(15/40)Vocabulary第15题Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice上一题下一题(16/40)Vocabulary第16题Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole上一题下一题(17/40)Vocabulary第17题Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened上一题下一题(18/40)Vocabulary第18题The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport上一题下一题(19/40)Vocabulary第19题The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar上一题下一题(20/40)Vocabulary第20题The government´s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.A.accordB.conformmenceD.consent上一题下一题(21/40)Vocabulary第21题They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.A.go offB.run outC.break offD.break out上一题下一题(22/40)Vocabulary第22题It´s pretty windy. You´d better______your hat.A.add up toB.lend itself toC.hold on toD.stand up to上一题下一题(23/40)Vocabulary第23题She´s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.A.carry onB.carry offC.carry outD.take off上一题下一题(24/40)Vocabulary第24题When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.A.nothing butB.none other thanC.none butD.no other than上一题下一题(25/40)Vocabulary第25题As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.A.have to be saidB.must sayC.ought to be saidD.need to say上一题下一题(26/40)Vocabulary第26题______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things to be equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things being equal上一题下一题(27/40)Vocabulary第27题I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.A.in caseB.untilC.if onlyD.unless上一题下一题(28/40)Vocabulary第28题If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.A.a lot of more usB.a lot more of usC.more a lot of usD.a lot of us more上一题下一题(29/40)Vocabulary第29题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created上一题下一题(30/40)Vocabulary第30题Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms race.A.have lived outB.have lived throughC.have lived onD.have lived with上一题下一题(31/40)Vocabulary第31题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.A.distanceB.is the distanceC.the distanceD.the distance is上一题下一题(32/40)Vocabulary第32题Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when上一题下一题(33/40)Vocabulary第33题I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.A.my leg´s musclesB.my muscles of legC.my leg musclesD.my muscles of the leg上一题下一题(34/40)Vocabulary第34题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.A.has leftB.is to leaveC.leavesD.is to be left上一题下一题(35/40)Vocabulary第35题Jean doesn´t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn´t be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got上一题下一题(36/40)Vocabulary第36题The world´s supplies of copper______.A.have been gradually being exhaustedB.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted上一题下一题(37/40)Vocabulary第37题Hitler______in his room.mitted suicideB.got committed suicideC.was committed suicideD.was suicide上一题下一题(38/40)Vocabulary第38题Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.A.be adjournedB.should cancelC.be going to cancelD.is to adjourn上一题下一题(39/40)Vocabulary第39题It is no good______persuade me.A.for you to try toB.trying toC.of you toD.of you to try to上一题下一题(40/40)Vocabulary第40题The main trouble is______enough knowledge.A.their not havingB.them not havingC.theirs not havingD.for them to not have上一题下一题(41~50/共30题)Reading ComprehensionProofreadingBefore 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless thewoman´s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, asingle woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly didnot want a baby should not have to have it. __41__Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __42__ forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __43__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __44__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __45__of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out__46__ of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- __47__ ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, __48__ no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But __49__a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. __50__第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant´s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant´s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individualhuman being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.第51题It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.A.a work of art should not be analyzedB.analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of itC.understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his workD.all mature people can understand art equally well第52题The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.A.The child is concerned only with his own bodyB.The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desiresC.The infant´s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing itD.The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time第53题It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.A.to enhance the individual´s motivation to learn as quickly as possibleB.too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideologyC.to bring man´s knowledge within the scope of allD.to keep all learning at the same stage of development第54题The passage implies that______.A.speech is acquired through direct teachingB.the infant should be taught not to babbleC.infants who do not chatter will never learn to speakD.infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities第55题It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.A.give the infant what he needs before he criesB.teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possibleC.model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce themD.refuse the infant´s demands until he makes them clear上一题下一题(56~60/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIn a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey´s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject. " they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man´s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O´Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life´s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination-and frailty-of Patrick White´s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders-and their sneering contempt for the law-did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, " I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their " life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement-that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them-in their own personal language perhaps-of the " togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.第56题According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human conditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair第57题In the author´s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence of the " life experience" adherents has been______.A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swing over to "learning through doing"D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning第58题As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone第59题The author´s purpose in this passage is to______.A.list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculumpare the young reader´s experience with literature to that of the mature readerC.advocate the adoption of the "life experience" approach to teachingD.plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum第60题The author´s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.A.call attention to the writing of Thucydides and CarlyleB.support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our facultiesC.point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our pastD.show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading上一题下一题(61~65/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIt has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly thespeed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump-which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances-then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear-either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding-to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass-that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein´s theories, since the "faster" a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.第61题The "sound" of Professor Zuckerkandl´s book title probably refers to ______.A.the music of the spheresB.music in the abstractC.musical notationD.the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons第62题The passage supports the inference that______.A.Einstein´s theory of relativity is wrongB.the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein´s theoriesC.time travel is clearly possibleD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light第63题The tone of the passage is______.A.critical but hopefulB.hopeful but suspiciousC.suspicious but speculativeD.speculative but hopeful第64题The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?A.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl´s theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einstein´s.第65题According to the author, it is too soon to______.A.call Beethoven a physicistB.adopt proposals such as Zuckerkandl´sC.plan for time travelD.study particle chambers for tachyon traces上一题下一题(66~70/共30题)Reading ComprehensionTwice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(Amap).The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.In the communities of Greenland and eastern Russia monitored so far, the ratio was found to be two girls to one boy. In one village in Greenland only girls have been born.The scientists measured the man-made chemicals in women´s blood that mimic human hormones and concluded that they were capable of triggering changes in the sex of unborn children in the first three weeks of gestation. The chemicals are carried in the mother´s bloodstream through the placenta to the foetus, switching hormones to create girl children.Lars-Otto Reierson, executive secretary for Amap, said: " We knew that the levels of man-made chemicals were accumulating in the food chain, and that seals, whales and particularly polar bears were getting a dose a million times higher than that existing in plankton, and that this could be toxic to humans who ate these higher animals. What was shocking was that they were also able to change the sex of children before birth.The sex balance of the human race-historically a slight excess of boys over girls-has recently begun to change. A paper published in the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences earlier this year said that in Japan and the US there were 250,000 boys fewer than would have been expected had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged. The paper was unable to pin down a cause for the new excess of girls over boys.The Arctic scientists have discovered that many of the babies born in Russia are premature and the boys are far smaller than girls. Possible links between the pollutants and high infantmortality in the first year of life is also being investigated.Scientists believe a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment from generators, televisions and computers that mimic human hormones are implicated. They are carried by winds and rivers to the Arctic where they accumulate in the food chain and in the bloodstreams of the largely meat-and fish-eating Inuit communities.The first results of the survey were disclosed at a symposium of religious, scientific and environmental leaders in Greenland´s capital, Nuuk, yesterday, organized by the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Bartholomew I, which is looking at the effects of environmental pollution on the Arctic.Dr Reierson said the accumulation of DDT, PCBs, flame-retardants and other endocrine disrupters has been known for some time and young women had been advised to avoid eating some Arctic animals to avoid excess contamination and possible damage to their unborn children. Dr Reierson said blood samples from pregnant women were subsequently matched with the sex of their baby. Women with elevated levels of PCBs in their blood above two to four micrograms per litre and upwards were checked in three northern peninsula´s in Russia´s far east-the Kola, Taimyr and Chukotka-plus the Pechora River Basin.To check the results the survey was widened and further communities, including those on Commodore Island, were investigated. The results were now in for 480 families and the ratio remained the same.He said full results for the widening of the survey would not be published until next year but preliminary results for Greenland showed the same 2:1 ratio in the north.Aqqaluk Lynge, the former chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference who hails from Greenland, said: "This is a disaster, especially for some 1 ,500 people who make up the Inuit nations in the far north east of Russia." Here in the north of Greenland, in the villages near the Thule American base, only girl babies are being born to Inuit families." The problem is acute in the north and east of Greenland where people still have the traditional diet."This has become a critical question of people´s survival but few governments want to talk a-bout the problem of hormone mimickers because it means thinking about the chemicals you use. "I think they need to be tested much more stringendy before they are allowed on the market. "第66题Why are their more girls than boys born in some Arctic villages?____第67题How did man-made chemicals in women´s blood affect the sex of the unborn children?____第68题What is the case in Japan and the US had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged?____第69题How did scientists believe that a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment get to the Arctic?____第70题When is the full result for the widening of the survey expected to be published?____。
2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题
2015年北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语学院翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
百科知识部分第五章汉字1.（文字）的产生标志着社会文明有了划时代的进步，标志着人的思想、感情、意志可以积累成为精神财富。
2. 汉字的起源，最早应当是原始社会的（图画）和（象形符号）。
3. 我国现存最早的汉字是（甲骨文）和（金文）。
金文又叫（钟鼎文）4. 甲骨文最早是由（王懿荣）首先发现的。
5. 我们所说的甲骨文包括（原始甲骨文）和（殷墟甲骨文）。
6. 篆书分大篆和小篆，大篆以（石鼓文）为代表，它是我国现存最早的石刻文字，也是由金文向小篆过渡的一种字体。
7. 研究汉字的书，有秦代的（《仓颉篇》）（《爰历篇》）（《博学篇》），到汉代，三书合一成为（《仓颉篇》）。
8.“六书”这个词最早见于（《周礼》），后世文字学家多采用（许慎）的名称、（班固）的次序。
9. 六书（《说文解字》的解释）：是指汉字的六种结构六书含义例子象形依照物体的轮廓，用弯曲的线条，画出那个物体的形状来，就是象形字；日、月、龙、门等指事指看一下就可以知道它代表什么，但要仔细观察以后才能明白它的意义；上、下、本、甘等会意把两个或两个以上的子合并在一起，并把它们的字义合起来，就出现一个新义的指向；武：上边是戈，下边是脚趾，表示开步执戈，动武征伐。
旅、聂、安等形声由形旁和声旁组合形成的字；左形右声：江、河、松、枫等右形左声：期、朔、鸠、鸽等上形下声：空、穹、笔、篆等下形上声：基、垄、悲、愁等内形外声：闷、圆、闽、唐等外形内声：街、裹、序、固等转注建立同一类的字有统一的部首，如果字义相同则可互相注释；条件：部首相同或字义相同。
考、老属同一部首，又都是年老的意思，可以互相注释。
民和氓；走和趋；舟和船；梁和桥；顶和颠等假借词语中没有这个字，但是也不用新的字，而是借用现成的字去表示。
2015年英语二考研大纲
共 15 分。
第四部分 写作
该部分由 A、B 两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共 2 题，25 分。
A节
考生根据所给情景写出约 100 词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和
公务信函、备忘录、报告等。共 10 分。
B节
要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇 150 词左右的英语说明文或议论
文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这 7 个选项中选出最
恰当的 5 个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。
第三部分 英译汉
考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为 150 词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生应能较熟练地掌握 5 500 个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组（详见附录相关 部分）。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
（二）语言技能 1. 阅读 考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等， 体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。 根据阅读材料，考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中的具体信息； （3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系； （4）根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义； （5）进行一定的判断和推理； （6）理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 2. 写作 考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心思想明确、切 中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）考试大纲
I.考 试 性 质
英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选 拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用 能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保 证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
2015年硕士英语笔译专业研究生考试大纲(翻译硕士英语)
2015年硕士英语笔译专业研究生考试大纲（翻译硕士英语）科目名称：翻译硕士英语科目代码：211适用专业：翻译硕士参考书目：1.综合教程(1-6册，修订版) ，何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社，2011年。
2.写作教程(1-4册，修订版)，邹申主编，上海外语教育出版社，2011年。
注：本科目所列参考书目只表示考生应达到以上教材所要求达到的水平和所涉及的技能，并不代表命题依据!一、考试性质和目的《翻译硕士英语》为翻译硕士研究生入学考试规定科目之一。
考试的目的是考察学生英语语言的综合运用能力、语言文化欣赏知识的了解、对不同文体和修辞手段的认识以及写作实践能力。
二、考试基本要求翻译硕士英语考试为水平测试，难度依据为英语专业本科高级阶段教学大纲有关要求和我校翻译硕士专业培养目标，总分为100分, 考试时间120分钟。
考试中不得使用工具书。
试题难度相当于英语专业八级考试。
三、考试形式和内容本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合、单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
试题共包括五个部分：词汇、完形填空、改错、阅读理解和英语写作。
I. 词汇1. 要求要求考生具备词汇和语法的运用能力，对所学词汇和词组的多种词性及词义搭配，易混词的区别及难词的认知能力。
考试时间为20分钟。
2. 题型Section A 共10个英文句子，每句中有一空缺或划线单词(或短语)，要求从句子下面A, B, C, D 四个选择项中最佳答案，完成句子或解释单词(短语)。
本部分每题0.5分, 共5分。
Section B 共10个英文句子，每句有一空缺, 要求从所提供的十个单词(短语)选择正确答案完成句子，所选单词或短语的形式可能要求作适当变化。
本部分每题1分, 共10分。
II.完形填空1. 要求要求考生具有根据语境进行分析推理、语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力，运用语言补全所缺失信息的能力。
考试时间为20分钟2. 题型测试的内容可以是句型、结构, 也可以是词汇、词组和习惯用语。
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高译考研-北京航空航天大学
2015年翻译硕士英语考试大纲
一、考试目的
《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围
本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI 考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
考试为3小时。
三、考试基本要求
1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10, 000以上，掌握6, 000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
四、考试形式
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容
本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法
1. 要求
1）词汇量要求：
考生的认知词汇量应在10, 000以上，其中积极词汇量为6, 000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求：
考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型：
选择题
II. 阅读理解
1. 要求
1）能读懂常见英语报刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型
1) 选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）
2) 简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）
本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
III．英语写作
1. 要求：
考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
该作文要求语
言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当。
2. 题型：命题作文
《翻译硕士英语》考试内容一览表
序号考试内容题型分值
1 词汇语法选择题（多选一）30
2 阅读理解1) 选择题（多选一）
2) 简答题
40
3 英语写作命题作文30 共计100。