虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用(精)
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法1.表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况,条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词要用“would / should / could / might+have+过去分词”。
如:If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him. 如果你昨天来到这里,你就会看见他了。
2.表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况,条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were),而主句中的谓语动词则要用“w ould / should / could / might+动词原形”。
如:If I had his telephone number, I would call him now. 如果我有他的电话号码,我现在就打电话给他。
If I were you, I would not tell him that. 如果我是你,我就不把那件事告诉他。
3.表示与将来的事实可能相反的假设情况时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用:1) should+动词原形,或2) 一般过去式,或3) were+不定式,主句中的谓语动词要用“would+动词原形“。
如:If it snowed tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. = If it were to snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. = If it should snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. 如果明天下雪,许多庄稼都会冻死。
4.有时候,条件和结果不是指同一个时间,这时,应根据上面谈到的几种情况,使用相应的形式,这种虚拟语气形式被称为错综虚拟语气。
如:If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you would know how to do the exercise now. 如果你昨天认真听了老师的讲话,你现在就知道如何做这道题了。
(完整版)虚拟语气用法小结
虚拟语气用法小结一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件何.在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it。
如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。
)1。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:2。
错综时间条件句:有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now。
如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。
(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在)3。
省略连词if (倒装)。
在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had 或 should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装.Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it。
Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it。
要是我明天见到他,我就会问他这件事的。
Had I had the money last year (= if I had had the money last year), i would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱,我就买那所房子了.Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply. 假如锅炉出问题的话,自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给.4。
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(if条件句)
在写作中的应用
创作文学作品中
在创作小说、诗歌等文学作品时, 虚拟语气可以用来表达虚构的情 节和角色情感,增强作品的情感
色彩和艺术效果。
撰写学术论文
在撰写学术论文时,使用虚拟语 气可以表达假设的情景或条件, 例如在讨论不同政策或方案的影
响时。
写邮件和信件
在写邮件或信件时,使用虚拟语 气可以表达礼貌和尊重,例如在
在撰写商务广告和宣传材料时,使用虚拟语气可以增强语 言的感染力和说服力,例如“假如您正在寻找更好的产品 ,那么您来对了地方。”
感谢您的观看
THANKS
if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从句的时态不一致
总结词
当if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从句的时态不一致 时,通常是为了强调或表达与时间状语从句相反的情 况。
详细描述
在英语语法中,当if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从 句的时态不一致时,通常是为了强调或表达与时间状语 从句相反的情况。这种用法能够使句子更加生动和富有 表现力,突出说话者对某个特定时间点的态度或情感。 例如,在句子"If I had known the answer yesterday, I would have told you."中,虚拟语气"had known" 与时间状语从句的时态"yesterday"不一致,强调了说 话者对过去的遗憾或后悔。
虚拟语气在条件状语从 句中的用法(if条件句)
目录
CONTENTS
• 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的基本结构 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的特殊情况 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的实际应用
01 虚拟语气在条件状语从句 中的基本结构
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法(一)形式注:1.在从句中,be动词多用were的形式。
在口语中,如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话,be动词可用was,但人们总是说:If I were you...2.主句中的谓语可以由would,should,could和might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。
3.与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语有三种不同的形式:过去式、were +to do或should +do。
例句1:If I were you,I would study hard.我要是你的话,我就会好好学习。
(与现在事实相反)例句2:If I had studied hard,I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话,那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。
(与过去事实相反)例句3:If Iwere to pass CET-6,I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试,就请你去吃肯德基。
(与将来事实相反)1/ 9(二)省略/倒装如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be 或have,则可把if省略,把上类动词提到主语之前,使用倒装语序。
例句4:Had it not been for the PLA,we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军,我们是无法战胜洪水的。
例句5:Were he here now,he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。
注4:例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not,如果把该句还原成正常语序,应该是:If it hadn't been for the PLA,we wouldn't have been able to beat the flood.但是一旦句子发生了省略,就必须把hadn't分开,否定词not还原,放在主语之后,不可写成Hadn't it been for的形式。
英语语法大全 第3课 英语考试中的虚拟语气
Lesson 3 英语考试中的虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用1. 一般现在时的虚拟语气中,if从句的谓语动词用它的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
例如:If I knew the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to ask for help.如果我知道这个单词的意思,我就不必寻求别人的帮助了。
2. 过去时的虚拟语气中,if 从句的谓语动词用它的过去完成时形式即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
例如:We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him.A) would have telephoned B) must have telephonedC) would telephone D) had telephoned本题答案为A)。
本句是过去时的虚拟句,这点从前面的d idn’t 可以看出来,后半部分相当于if we had known his telephone number,we would have telephoned him。
3.将来时的虚拟语气中,If从句的谓语形式用动词一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。
例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. had gotC. were to getD. could have got本句的意思是:“简不想马上就工作,因为她认为要是找了工作,就不能经常看望她的朋友了”。
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。
China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句)2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。
如:Please come over here. 请到这边来。
Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。
此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用
虚拟语⽓在各种从句中的应⽤虚拟语⽓在各种从句中的应⽤⼀.在主语从句中,⽤来表⽰惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是“(should) + 动词原形”,常⽤于下列三种句型中:1. It is necessary (vital,important, natural, strange, wonderful, proper, right, good, wrong, impossible, etc.) + that -clausee.g. It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.2. It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder, your duty, etc.) + that-clause.e.g. It is a great pity that he should be so careless.3. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, requested, etc.) + that-clause.e.g. It is requested that she should sing an English song.在上述句型的主语从句中,should意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换⽤would, 主句所⽤的时态不限。
⼆.在宾语从句中1. ⽤于wish后的宾语从句中,表⽰未实⾏的活不可能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜”、“......就好了”、“悔不该......”,“但愿......”等。
B.⽤法:a. 与现在相反的愿望:I wish I were ten years younger.I wish I knew how to drive a car.b. 与过去事实相反的愿望:I wish I had gone to the football match last night.I wish you had been here yesterday.c. 与将来可能相反的愿望:I wish the boys would be quiet.He wishes you would go and visit him.注:1. hope + 宾语从句(陈述语⽓),表⽰的是可能实现的愿望,⽐较:I hope it is true. I wish it were true.2. ⽤于command(命令),insist(坚持要),suggest(建议),propose(建议),order(命令)以及request(恳求),desire(希望)等之后的宾语从句中,表⽰“要求、请求、建议、命令等,其谓语形式是:“should + 动词原形”(should 可省,但不可换⽤would)。
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实。
学习虚拟语气,我们需要注意以下几个要点:一、虚拟语气在带有条件状语从句的复合句中的构成和用法。
根据不同的时间,主、从句中动词形式如下表:If we left now, we would arrive in good time. 如果我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
They would have come to your party if they had had time. 如果他们有时间就会参加你的聚会。
If you lived there for a while, you’d change your mind about the place. 如果你在那儿住上一段时间,你就会改变对那地方的看法。
这里我们需要注意以下三点:1. 错综时间条件句有时条件状语从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致,这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
如:If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。
2. 虚拟条件句的倒装形式如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had或should时,可以把if省略,而把这几个词放到主语之前,构成倒装句。
如:Were I you, I wouldn’t go there alone. 如果我是你,我不会一个人去那儿的。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam. 如果他学习再努力点的话,他就会通过考试。
Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. 如果你被解雇,你的医疗保险和其他权益并不会立即中断。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用虚拟语气在状语从句中,除了可以表示条件外,还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。
虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中,一般称为虚拟条件句。
根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式,即现在、过去和将来。
一,用于由as if/though 引导的方式状语从句用过去时或were表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况的假设;用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。
例:1.He looks as if he were very happy.他看上去仿佛挺高兴。
2.He laughs as if he had known the thing yesterday.他笑起来好像他昨天已经知道这件事。
3. He talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
4.It seems as if it were winter already.现在仿佛已经是冬天了。
经典考点1.That tree looked as if it for a long time.A) hasn't watered B) didn't waterC) hadn't been watered D) wasn't watered答案:C。
本题句意是:这棵树看起来像是很长时间没浇水了。
as if引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,所以as if后虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时,故C项正确。
又如:The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.那对老年夫妇很喜爱那个孤儿,视她为亲生女儿。
注:从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气: It looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。
二,用于让步状语从句在让步状语从句中,谓语动词多用动词原形或be来构成虚拟语气。
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气用于条件状语从句:1.与过去事实做相反:If…+had+done…would(should.could.might.that)2.与现在事实相反:If+did(be-were),,,,,would(同上)+do.3.与将来事实相反:If+did(be-would),,,were do,,,shoulddo,,,,would+do(同上)虚拟语气用在宾语从句:在表示,要求,命令类的动词后面的宾语从句中用(should)+do.如:advise,suggest,propose,request,insist.suggest作暗示表明时,insist作“坚决认为”时不用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气用于主语从句:1.It is necessary(important, natural,strange,essential,etc)thatsb (should)+do2.It is /was suggested (desired,ordered,proposed,advised)thatsb(should)+do3.It is time sb+did.做,,,时候了。
4.虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中(要是,,,就好了)1.must+have+过去分词(用于肯定句)一定已经…….2.can’t (couldn’t)+have +过去分词(用于否定或疑问句)不可能….3.should/ought to+have+过去分词。
本来不应该(却做了)…4.needn’t+have+过去分词(本不必做)1.主谓一致概述并列结构作主语谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致谓语需用单数指代意义决定谓语的单复数与后接名词或代词保持一致主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
1. 条件状语从句:表示与实际事实相反的情况或假设的条件。
虚拟
语气常常出现在if从句中。
- If I were you, I would apologize.(如果我是你,我会道歉。
)- If I had more money, I would buy a car.(如果我有更多的钱,我会买辆车。
)
2.时间状语从句:表示与实际情况不符的时间假设。
- If it were not for the rain, we would have gone for a walk.(如果不是下雨的话,我们本来会去散步的。
)
3.目的状语从句:表示目的未能实现的假设。
- He studied hard so that he might pass the exam.(他努力学习,以便能够通过考试。
)
4.比较状语从句:表示虚拟的对比情况。
- He runs as if he were flying.(他跑步的样子仿佛在飞行。
)
5.让步状语从句:表示与事实相反的假设情况。
- Even if he were to go, he would be late.(即使他去了,他也
会迟到。
)
需要注意的是,虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用也受到语法规则的限制,如虚拟语气在表示命令、客观事实、无条件真理等的状语从句中通常不使用。
此外,不同语言的虚拟语气的用法可能有所不同。
浅析英语虚拟语气在从句中的应用
浅析英语虚拟语气在从句中的应用作者:刘蓁蓁来源:《当代旅游(下旬)》2017年第09期摘要:在英语的三大语气当中,虚拟语气就是其中的一种,其表示所说的话仅属于一种比较主观的愿望与假想等。
本文主要阐述了虚拟语气在英语学习中的重要性,进而对其在从句中的具体应用做出了深入分析。
关键词:高中英语;虚拟语气;从句在高中阶段,英语是非常重要的一门课程,针对高中英语中的语法来讲,也是我们大多数学生学习中的难点。
而在英语单选题中,经常都会考查虚拟语气这一知识点。
所以,我们必须将虚拟语气在高中英语从句中的具体应用加以掌握,从而使自身的英语成绩得到有效提升。
一、在英语学习中虚拟语气的重要性在英语学习当中,通常都会把语气分成三种类型:虚拟语气、祈使语气与陈述语气。
而在表达某些想象当中的内容,不是事实或是和现实事情相反内容的时候,并可选择用虚拟语气来进行表示。
虚拟语气是利用特殊形式的谓语动词,将并不存在的客观事实表述出来,属于一种动词形式,所表述的为一种条件,而并非事实或表达和事实相反的内容等。
通常会使用虚拟语气将讲话人的想象与愿望等进行表述,同时还会利用其表述主观想法或某种比较强烈的情感等[1]。
我们在整个学习阶段,通常都会遇到很多问题,因此,我们一定要在老师的正确引导下,将此方面的练习加以强化。
在高中阶段,虚拟语气是我们英语学习中的重点内容,同时对于我们大多数学生来讲也比较困难,对于其实际应用方法不能进行比较全面的掌握。
而我们学好英语的首要条件,正是需要将语法进行较好掌握。
由于虚拟语气在英语语法中占据重要位置,因此,我们一定要真正学会虚拟语气在高中英语从句中的具体应用。
二、英语虚拟语气在从句中的具体应用(一)在宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用第一,Would rather,would sooner也是对主观愿望进行表述,在此后面的宾语从句同样需将虚拟语气加以使用,谓语动词经常使用过去式。
比如,I would sooner you didn’t hurt Jim SO much, He is still very depressed(希望你不要伤吉姆的心,他现在还非常郁闷)。
高考英语语法专项虚拟语气的用法
语法专项11——虚拟语气的用法【虚拟语气】英语中有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气用于条件句中1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
If I were you,I would study hard.2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用had+过去分词;主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice,he would have passed the test.3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should +动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
If it were to rain tomorrow,they would not go to the cinema.【帮你归纳】【小叮咛】1)if条件句中只要用了过去的时态就说明该句要使用虚拟语气。
2)if条件句中只出现一个表示与将来事实相反的情态动词should。
3)含有if条件句的虚拟语气中,主句都要用情态动词,且都可理解为过去式。
二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法1. 在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。
从句中谓语动词的构成形式为:1)表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词一般用were)。
I wish it were spring now. 我希望现在是春天。
2)表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
I wish he had come yesterday.我希望他昨天能来。
lecture5虚拟语气
在使用这一方法时要谨慎小心,以免发生溢流现象
9. 在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟 语气中。
3. He suggested that we h_a_v_e_ (have) a meeting at once.
4. His pale face suggested that he _w_a_s (be) ill.
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要 使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式为 (should)+动词原形 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request
If I _h_a_d__k_n_o_w_n__ (know) your telephone number,
I __w_o_u_l_d__h_a_v_e_t_e_le_p_h_o__n_e_d____ (telephone) you yesterday..
二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:
1. wish 的宾语 从句
★如果他听了我的劝告,他现在会通过考试。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
★假如昨天我对他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办 了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
未来 2. should+ V.(原) uld/might +V. (原)
英语中虚拟语气在从句中的运用
英语中虚拟语气在从句中的运用
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)在英语中常常用于表达虚拟、假设、
愿望、建议、要求等含义。
下面是虚拟语气在从句中的几种常见运用方式:1.表示假设或条件:
- If I were you, I would apologize to him.(如果我是你,我会
向他道歉。
)
- I wish I knew the answer.(但愿我知道答案。
)
2.表示命令、建议或要求:
- I demand that he tell the truth.(我要求他说出真相。
)
3.表示愿望或请求:
- I wish you were here with me.(但愿你和我在一起。
)
- The professor requested that all students bring their textbooks to class.(教授要求所有学生把教科书带到课堂上。
- We would like that you be present at the meeting.(我们希
望你能出席会议。
)
4.表示可能性或推测:
- It is possible that he be late.(他可能会迟到。
)
- I doubt that he attend the party.(我怀疑他会参加派对。
)
需要注意的是,虚拟语气在现代英语中的使用较为有限,大部分情况
下可以使用实际语气(Indicative Mood)来表达相同的意思。
虚拟语气的条件状语从句
虚拟语气的条件状语从句条件状语从句是复合句中常用的一种从属状语从句,用来表达一个假设、条件或者可能性。
虚拟语气是条件状语从句中的一种特殊形式,常用来表示与事实相反、不可能实现、或者未完成的情况。
在英语语法中,使用虚拟语气的条件状语从句有一定的特点和用法,本文将对其进行深入探讨。
一、表示与事实相反的虚拟条件状语从句虚拟语气的条件状语从句可以用来表示与事实相反的情况,一般使用“were”代替“was”,并在主语之后加上动词的原形。
例如:- If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the sky.- If I had more time, I would travel around the world.在上述例句中,使用了虚拟语气的条件状语从句来表示与事实相反的情况。
只要条件是不满足的,使用虚拟语气就是正确的。
二、表示不可能实现的虚拟条件状语从句虚拟语气的条件状语从句还可以用来表示不可能实现的情况。
这种情况下,我们使用“could”或者“might”来表达。
例如:- If I could speak French, I would communicate with the locals easily.- If I had a magic wand, I might conjure up a million dollars.在这样的情况下,我们通过虚拟语气的条件状语从句来表达一种假设,但这种假设在现实中是不可能实现的。
三、表示未完成的虚拟条件状语从句虚拟语气的条件状语从句还可以用来表示未完成的情况。
在这种情况下,我们使用“had”(过去完成时)来构成条件状语从句。
例如:- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.- If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared a meal for you.这类虚拟语气的条件状语从句通常用来谈论过去本可以发生但最终未能实现的情况。
初中英语虚拟语气总结
初中英语虚拟语气总结在初中英语的学习中,虚拟语气是一个比较复杂但又十分重要的语法点。
它用来表达与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议等情况,让我们的语言更加丰富和准确。
接下来,让我们一起深入了解一下初中英语中的虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气的定义和用途虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,表示说话人所说的话不是事实,或者是一种假设、愿望、建议等。
它常常用于表达不太可能实现或与现实相反的情况。
例如:“If I were you, I would study harder”(如果我是你,我会更努力学习。
)在这个句子中,“我是你”是一种不可能的假设,所以使用了虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在英语中的用途非常广泛,主要包括以下几个方面:1、表达假设和条件如果某种情况与现实不同,我们就可以用虚拟语气来描述。
比如:“If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home”(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
)2、表达愿望和梦想当我们表达自己希望发生但实际上不太可能发生的事情时,会用到虚拟语气。
例如:“I wish I could fly like a bird”(我希望我能像鸟一样飞。
)3、提出建议和要求有时为了使建议听起来更加委婉和礼貌,我们会使用虚拟语气。
比如:“It's high time that you went to bed”(你该上床睡觉了。
)二、虚拟语气的基本形式1、与现在事实相反从句:If +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用 were)主句:主语+ would/could/should/might +动词原形例如:If I had enough money, I would buy a big house (如果我有足够的钱,我会买一座大房子。
)2、与过去事实相反从句:If +主语+ had +过去分词主句:主语+ would/could/should/might + have +过去分词例如:If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam (如果我学习努力,我就会通过考试了。
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虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用【经典例题】1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from goingA. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.A. wo n’t have caught B .couldn’t have caughtC. won’t catchD. wouldn’t catch3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come【答案与解析】1.A.本题考查虚拟语气。
因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,故从句谓语动词用过去完成时,而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
2.B.本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。
因为从句用了过去完成时,可知主句谓语动词用would / could have +过去分词形式。
根据句意,可知选B。
3.B. 根据答语,可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
故从句谓语动词用过去完成时,而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
4.D.根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。
如果她来的话,她就见到我哥哥了”可知,这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。
主句用could have done,故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。
【重点归纳】一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件句可分为三类:一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况;一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况;另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。
其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下:1. 与现在事实相反条件从句用过去时(be动词的过去式一律用were,主句用would (should/ might / could+动词原形”。
如: If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.如果我是你的话,我将接受去舞会的邀请。
If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.如果我很了解她的话,我将告诉你关于她的事情。
2. 与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时,主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如:If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话,就没有什么事情发生了。
If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.如果我起得更早一些的话,就赶上头班车了。
3.与将来事实相反条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”,主句用“would (should/ might / could +动词原形”, 如:If it were Saturda y tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.如果明天是周六的话,我们就不考试了。
If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.如果你明天去参观学校的话,你就会看到史密斯教授。
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday.如果明天下雨的话,运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。
【特别提示】在虚拟条件句中,谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用,即:与现在事实相反,从句中用一般过去时;与过去事实相反,从句中用过去完成时;与将来事实相反,从句中用过去将来时。
二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果if虚拟条件句中有were, had, 或者should等词时,可以省略if,把这些词放在主语前,形成倒装句。
如: If I should meet her (Should I meet her, I would tell her.如果我遇见她的话,我就告诉她。
If I were in your position (Were I in your position, I would do it better.如果我在你的位置上,我会做得更好。
If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.如果他们做了准备的话,他们就已经成功了。
Grammar work语法专练动词变形用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. —? If the factory ___________ (belong to me, I ___________ (not sell it.—But it isn’t yours.2. — If you ___________ (keep the secret, nobody ___________ (know it.—I’m sorry for making such a mistake.3. If the weather were to be (be fine tomorrow, I ______ (go for an outing with my parents.4. ___________ (be I you, I would think about this problem once again.5. ___________ (have I had time last night, I ___________ (go to see this wonderful film.完成句子根据中文提示完成下列各句。
1. 如果你年轻五岁,你该怎么办?What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five years younger?2. 如果你开车更小心一点,就不会出这样的事故。
If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident_________________________________.3. 如果明天下雾,我就不能开车去购物。
If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I ______________________ my car to go shopping.4. 如果明天天气转晴,我们就去野餐。
If it ______________________ clear up tomorrow, we ______________________ for a picnic.5. 如果我是一个男孩,我当然会去参军。
If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the army.6. 如果你是我兄弟,你也会一样对我。
If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way.7. 如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。
I ___________ ___________ very happy, if I ___________ an elder sister like you.8. 如果我捡到了那只钱包,一定交给失主了。
If I ______________________ up the wallet, I_________________________________ it to its owner.9. 万一明天下大雪,一切都将被改变。
If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything ___________ be changed.10. 如果你那天没有抽烟,火灾就不会发生。
If you ______________________ that day, the fire_________________________________ out.Grammar quiz语法小测测一测选择最佳答案。
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. should giveD. may give2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walkedB. if Bob should walkC. had Bob walkedD. if Bob walked3. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation.A. WasB. WereC. BeD. Am4. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all.A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t seeC. comes, couldn’t have seenD. came, couldn’t see5. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.A. isB. beC. wereD. are6. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might7. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way.A. Were IB. Am IC. If I amD. Was I8. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always ready to help others.A. shouldB. hadC. would haveD. did9.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river.A. If I stoppedB. Did I stopC. If I didn’t stopD. If I hadn’t stopped10. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck.A. am, would goB. was, will goC. were, would goD. were, would have gone11. If you __________ my advice, you _________ such a serious mistake.A. followed, can’t makeB. followed, couldn’t hav e madeC. had followed, couldn’t makeD. had followed, couldn’t have made12. If I _________ that crowded bus yesterday morning, I _________ my purse witha lot of money in it.A. didn’t take, couldn’t loseB. hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have lostC. hadn’t taken, couldn’t loseD. didn’t take, can’t have lost语法专练(One possible version动词变形1. belonged; wouldn’t sell2. had kept; would have known3. would go4. Were5. Had; would have gone完成句子1. would; do; were2. had driven; couldn’t have happened3. were; couldn’t drive4. were to; would go5. were; would6. were; would7. would be; had8. had picked; would have returned9. should; would 10. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have broken 语法小测测一测1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BACDC 11-12 DB虚拟语气(二——虚拟条件句的一些特殊用法【考点导航】1. —My cat’s really fat. (2007浙江—You ______ have given her so much food.A. wouldn’t B .couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t2.—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? (2007全国卷I—It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there. (2007陕西A. couldB. mustC. mightD. should【答案与解析】1.C。