中考复习专题冠词

中考复习专题冠词
中考复习专题冠词

专题二冠词

冠词没有实际意义,只能放在名词之前帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词

a (an)和定冠词the 和零冠词。

一、冠词的分类

(一)不定冠词

不定冠词a (an)表示泛指,用于单数可数名词之前,指一个(类),某一个(类),或任何一个(类)等意。在元音音素前用an ,在辅音音素前则用a 。如:

a bus a hero a useful book an apple an hour

an exciting film

(二)定冠词

定冠词the 表特指,通常含有“这、那”之意。在元音音素前读//,在辅音音素前读/ /。

二、冠词的用法

(一)不定冠词

1.表泛指,即不明确表示哪一个人或事物,

只强调某一个或某一类:Look , a man is knocking at the door!

2.用于第一次提到的对方不知道的人或事物:There is a

man working in the office.

3.表示单位具有“每一”的意思,相当于per:The car can

run 180 kilometres an hour.

页 1 第

4.用在序数词前表示“又一个”或“另一个”:I have drunk

a cup of tea, but I want a second one.

5.表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one那么强烈:My father bought me a book..

6.在抽象名词前表示一阵、一场、一种等等:A heavy rain

fell last night.

7.不定冠词用在副词so, as, too, such, many, how, what等之后,修饰名词:He is such a kind boy that all of us like

playing with him.

8.固定词组:take a break(rest) make a call

等。

(二)定冠词

1.用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前:the moon the

sun the world

2.用于说话双方都知道的人或事物前,如:Could you help

me bring the pencil sharpener?

3.用于表方位的名词前,如:the east the southwest

the northern countries

4.用于乐器名词前,如:the violin the piano

5.用于形容词最高级和序数词前,如:The ninth month of

a year is September.

6.用在某些形容词前表示一类人或事物,如:the poor 穷人the beautiful美好的东西

7.与可数名词单数连用,有时也可表示一类人或事物:页 2 第

The horse is taller than the dog.

the eraser on the 如:8.用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前,the man sitting in the sofa box

表示这一姓氏全家或夫用于姓氏或姓氏名词复数之前,9.I visited 妇:The Whites have been on holiday in Italy.

s yesterday.

'the Wang the The eggs are sold by 用在表示计量单位的名词前:10.dozen. 长度/by

weight/lenght按重量注意:11.用在某些国家的形容词前,泛指这个国家的整个民族,这些形容词通常以sh, ch, ese结尾:the Chinese, the

French the Irish

12.用在“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”结构中,定冠词the不能换成物主代词:seize him by the arm, strike Mike

in the face, beat him on the leg

歌诀:使用定冠词the 的情况:

特指重提和唯一,方位顺序和乐器;

姓氏复数国全名,岛屿海峡和海湾;

年代团体和机关,海洋党派最高级;

沙漠河流与群山,船名建筑和组织;

会议合约和报刊,请你记住用定冠。

(三)不用冠词(零冠词)的情况

1.复数可数名词和集体名词表泛指的时候:They are

teachers and students.

页 3 第

2.抽象名词和不可数的物质名词表示一般

概念,如表不确定的数量或泛指时,不用冠词:milk, money, air, water,

love.

3.在语言、三餐、学科、棋类和球类的名

词前:We study

many subjects in the school, such as English, Chinese,

mathematics and geography. play football play chess

play cards have breakfast/ lunch / supper

但可说have

a meal /dinner。注意:1)如表语言的短语中含有language,就应当加上冠词,如:the Japanese language。2)如三餐被定语或

定语从句修饰,或特指某一次餐饮时,则需加上定冠词,如:The dinner that mum cooks is

very delicious! The breakfast today is too terrible.

4.在介词+交通工具的短语中:by bus by car by

bicycle by air/ plane by ship 但若介词换成on/ in或用动词take(乘坐),则要用冠词,如:on the plane in

the boat in a spaceship take the bus

5.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词,不定代词等限定词或修饰语时:his book, these factories, each apple

6.在不特指的季节、月份、星期和节日等名词之前:The

family will go swimming in summer. He was born on

October 1,2019.

7.作为专有名词的姓氏和人名前:Mr. Blake, Captain

Cook

页 4 第

8.在由两个相对的名词组成的短语中:hand in hand手拉手side by side肩并肩face to face 面对面sun

and moon 日月day and night 白天黑夜mother

and daughter母女

9.as和though引导的让步状语从句倒装时,如表语是单数名词,其放在句首时,不加冠词:Child as/ though he is,

he knows a lot.

10.表示一个××部门中独一无二的职位或头衔时,不用冠词,如表示其中之一,可以加不定冠词:He is principle

of our college. 他是我们学院的一个院长(唯一一个)。

He is a principle of our college. 他是我们学院的一个院长。

不用冠词(零冠词)的情况

不用冠词有几点,呼语头衔职务前;

星期月季节假日,专名球类及三餐;

听音下棋各学科,正午睡觉是习惯;

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