Development of CAN-Based Distributed Control System for Variable Rate Technology in Agricultural
abbreviation of the distributed control systems
DCS is the abbreviation of the distributed control systems (Distributed Control System), also known as a distributed control system in the country self-control industry.The so-called distributed control systems, or in some of the information called the distribution system is relative to the centralized control system, a new computer control system, which is developed on the basis of a centralized control system, the evolution Come on. In terms of system functionality, the difference between the DCS and centralized control system, but the system function is completely different.First of all, the DCS skeleton - System Network, which is the basis and core of the DCS. Network for real-time, reliability and scalability of the entire DCS system, plays a decisive role, so the manufacturers in this regard, a careful design. For the DCS system network, it must meet the requirements of real-time, that is determined within the time limit to complete the transmission of information. Here the word "OK" time limit refers to the information transfer can be completed within this time limit in either case, this time limit is asked to identify the real-time control process. Therefore, the rate of the measurement system network performance indicators is not a network, commonly referred to as bits per second (bps), but real-time network system, that is, in a long time to ensure that the transmission of information required to complete . System network must also be very reliable, in any case, the network communication can not be interrupted, so the majority of manufacturers DCS dual bus, ring or double star network topology. In order to meet the requirements of the system scalability, the maximum number of nodes of the system on the network access should be higher than the actual use of the number of nodes several times. Thus, on the one hand, you can always add a new node, it can also make the system operation of the network lighter communication load state in order to ensure real-time and reliability of the system. In the actual running of the system, each node of the Internet and the network is always likely to occur, in particular, the operator station, network reconfiguration often, and this operation must not affect the normal operation of the system, so the system The network should have a strong online network reconfiguration functions.Secondly, this is a completely on-site I / O processing and direct digital control (DOS) function network node. To set the general set of DCS in the field I / O controllers to share the whole system I / O and control functions. This can be avoided and a site failure caused by the failure of the entire system, improve system reliability, you can also enable the site to share the data acquisition and control functions help to improve overall system performance. DCS operator station is to deal with all the man-machine interface (HMI-Human Machine Interface or the operator interface) and run the operation function of the network nodes.Network system is the DCS engineer station, it is off-line configuration of the DCS configuration work and on-line system monitoring, control, maintenance of the network nodes, and its main function is to provide the DCS configuration,the configuration tools (that is, the configuration software), and DCS-line run-time real-time monitoring of the operation of each node on the DCS network, enables system designers to adjust the system configuration and system parameters set by engineer station in a timely manner, the DCS at any time in the most excellent working state. Centralized control system, DCS system configuration functions can be said that the system configuration can not be called DCS.DCS since its inception in 1975, has experienced 20 years of development. In the past 20 years, although the DCS system architecture without a significant change, but through continuous development and improvement of its functionality and performance have been a huge increase. Overall, the DCS is toward more open, more standardized, more product-oriented direction.As the field of production process automation and computer control system, the traditional DCS is a narrow concept. If the DCS is thought only of the production process automation systems, it will lead to wrong conclusions, because the meaning of the computer control system has been greatly expanded the, which includes not only the content of the DCS in the past, but also drill down to the site each measuring equipment, implementing agencies, development up to production management, all aspects of the business. DCS in the traditional sense refers to the production process to control this part of the automation, the concept of industrial automation systems; you should locate a comprehensive solution to the enterprise, the level of the total solution. Only from this perspective, ask questions and solve problems in order to make the computer automation to truly play its due role.The DCS (Distributed Control System), distributed control system referred to as the general habit is called the distributed control system. DCS is a process control level and process monitoring level consisting of multi-level computer systems, communication networks as a link 4C technology, its basic idea is a combination of computer, communications, display and control, decentralized control, centralized operations, hierarchical management configuration flexibility and easy configuration. DCS has the following characteristics:(1) high reliability. DCS system control functions scattered in various computer system architecture using fault-tolerant design, a computer failure will not result in the loss of the other features of the system. In addition, the relatively simple tasks to be undertaken by the computer system, a dedicated computer has a specific structure and software for the need to implement the function, so that the reliability of each computer system has also improved.(2) Openness. DCS uses the open, standardized, modular and serial design, the computer system using LAN-way communications, information transfer and the need to change or expand the system functionality will add the computer to easily connect the system communication network or removed from the network, almost does not affect the work of the other computer.The definition of the DCS360毕业设计网友情提供DCS is the abbreviation of the distributed control systems (Distributed ControlSystem), also known as a distributed control system in the country self-control industry.It is the communications network as a link composed of a process control level and process monitoring level multi-level computer systems, integrated computer (Computer), communications (Communication), display (CRT) and control (Control), 4C technology, the The basic idea is decentralized control, centralized operations, hierarchical management, flexible configuration, convenient configuration. )Its development can be divided into three stages.The first stage :1975-1980, in the technical characteristics of the distributed control system of this period as follows:1) microprocessor-based control unit, decentralized control, there are a variety of algorithms, to complete the loop control configuration independent, self-diagnostic function2) The operator station with a CRT monitor and the process of cell separation, centralized monitoring, and centralized operation3) more advanced redundant communication systemsThe second stage :1980-1985. Technical characteristics of the distributed control system in this period as follows:1) the number of bits of the microprocessor to improve CRT monitor resolution2) strengthen the modular system3) Strengthening the system of information management, strengthen the communication functionThe third phase, after 1885, the distribution system into the third generation of its technical characteristics are as follows:1) the management of open systems2) The operator station with 32-bit microprocessor3) using real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating systemAfter the 1990s, computers and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, more new technologies are applied to the DCS. PLC is a sequential logic control developed electronic devices, it is mainly used to replace the inflexible and cumbersome relay logic. Into the mid-nineties, the fieldbus technology development is very rapid, so that some people have been made to predict: Fieldbus-based FCS will replace the DCS become the protagonist of the control system.DCS is referred to as the Data Communication Subsystem (data communication subsystem).The railway industry, for example, the DCS is a pure and transparent, non-security system; he is a carrier of the packets sent between the control center and the train.DCS second layer of meaning: Dorsal Column Stimulator [medical] spinal stimulatorSpecial control areas, such as the meaning of the nuclear power plant controlsystem, DCS digital control system (Digital control system).The major manufacturers of domestic DCS: Shanghai Xinhua, the super control, State Power Zhishen SUPCON the, and Lee, the Chinese of Shanghai, Shanghai Leroy, in self and other. Foreign Westinghouse (Emerson), FOXBORO, ABB, Siemens, Honeywell, Yokogawa, Yamatake - Honeywell, the FISHER-ROSEMOUNT companiesDCS features and DevelopmentDCS is a distributed control system (Distributed Control System) referred to the general habit known as the distributed control system. It is the communications network as a link composed of a process control level and process monitoring level multi-level computer systems, integrated computer (Computer), communications (Communication), display (CRT) and control (Control), 4C technology, the The basic idea is decentralized control, centralized operations, hierarchical management, flexible configuration, convenient configuration.DCS has the following characteristics:(1) high reliability due to the DCS system control functions scattered in various computer system architecture using fault-tolerant design, a computer failure will not lead to the loss of other functions of the system. In addition, the relatively simple tasks to be undertaken by the computer system, a dedicated computer has a specific structure and software for the need to implement the function, so that the reliability of each computer system has also improved.(2) open DCS using open, standardized, modular and serial design, the computer system using the LAN mode communication, information transmission, when the need to change or expand the system functionality, will add the computer easily even into the system communications network or removed from the network, almost does not affect the work of the other computer.(3) flexibility through configuration software application object depending on the process of hardware and software configuration, that is, to determine the measurement and control signals and inter-connection between the control algorithm library, select the applicable control law as well as basic graphics from the graphics library calls composed required for a variety of monitoring and alarm screen, which constitute the control system.(4) easy to maintain the function of a single small or micro-dedicated computer, maintaining a simple, convenient features, and when a local or a computer failure can not affect the operation of the entire system line replacement, rapid troubleshooting .(5) coordination of the various workstation through the communication network to transmit various data, the entire system, information sharing, coordination, in order to complete the overall function of the control system and optimized.(6) control features complete control algorithm rich set of continuous control, sequence control and batch control can be achieved in one cascade,feedforward, decoupling, adaptive and predictive control, advanced control, and can easily add the required special control algorithms. The DCS constitutes a very flexible way, by a dedicated management computer stations, operator stations, engineer station, recording stations, site controllers and data acquisition stations, components, may also be of general-purpose servers, industrial control computer and programmable controller. Process control level in the bottom of the generally distributed on-site controllers, data acquisition station in situ data acquisition and control, production monitoring level computer and transmitted through the data communications network. Production monitoring level for centralized operation and management of data from the process control level, such as a variety of optimization calculations, statistical reports, fault diagnosis, display alarm. With the development of computer technology, the DCS can be connected through the network in accordance with the higher performance computer equipment to achieve more advanced centralized management capabilities, such as planning and scheduling, warehouse management, energy management.DCS in the development and application of state of the domestic and foreign 1975 America's largest instrument control the company Honeyw ell for the first time introduced to the world of integrated distributed control system of the TDC-2000 (Toal D, ist ribu ted of Con t ro l The -2 000), this system, it immediately sparked the U.S. industrial control spoke highly of the profession, known as "the most inspiring event." The world's major companies followed suit, launched one after another distribution system, from process control to enter a new era of distributed systems.During this period the introduction of Japan's Yokogawa CEN TUM ', Taylor Instrument Company MO SË, Fischer's DCÉ of -400, Bailey N -90, the Foxboro Cpect rum and the German Siemens company telepermm.With the computer, especially the rapid development of micro-computer and network technology, coupled with the intense competition of the manufacturers, so that DCS quickly from the first generation in the 1970s to the early 1990s the third generation of DCS. Distribution system before the technical level is already high, but there is a main ills: major companies launched dozens of models of the system, almost all of the Company's patented product, each company in order to protect their own interests, are used in proprietary network, which is the whole plant, the management of enterprise-wide cause problems. With the development of computers and network development so that the control firm to greater use of commercial computer technology, many companies launch the next generation of distributed control system in the late 1980s, its main feature is the local network of the new system of MA P Agreement; reference to Intelligent Variable transmitter and the field bus architecture; the introduction of the PLC sequence control and batch control, the DCS also has the function of the PLC control software.To the early 1990s, countries well-known of the DCS there are: 3000, Bailey, of the IN the FI-90, of Ro semoun t - the RS-3, the W est. Hoo, se of the WDPF,L, eeds & the Non th RUP the MAX-1000, Foxbo ro the IöA S- Japan's Yokogawa CEN TUM '. Mentioned here are large-scale DCS, in order to adapt to the needs of the market the manufacturers have also developed a number of small DCS system, such as S-9000, the MAX-2, LXL, A 2 the PACS.。
视觉定位 英语
视觉定位英语Vision-Based LocalizationVision-based localization is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision and robotics, with numerous practical applications, such as autonomous driving, augmented reality, and indoor navigation. The ability to accurately determine the position and orientation of a camera or a robot within a known environment is crucial for these applications, as it enables precise interaction with the surrounding world.One of the key challenges in vision-based localization is dealing with the inherent uncertainty and variability present in real-world environments. Factors such as changes in lighting conditions, occlusions, and dynamic objects can significantly affect the accuracy and reliability of the localization process. To address these challenges, researchers have developed various techniques and algorithms that leverage the power of computer vision and machine learning.One common approach to vision-based localization is the use of feature-based methods. These techniques rely on the identificationand matching of salient visual features, such as corners, edges, or distinctive texture patterns, between the current camera image and a pre-existing map or database of the environment. By matching these features, the system can estimate the position and orientation of the camera relative to the known environment. This approach has been widely used in various applications, including simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems, where the robot or camera simultaneously builds a map of the environment and localizes itself within that map.Another approach to vision-based localization is the use of direct methods, which operate directly on the pixel values of the camera image, without the need for explicit feature extraction. These methods often employ optimization techniques to align the current camera image with a reference image or a predicted image based on a known 3D model of the environment. Direct methods can be more robust to changes in lighting and texture patterns, as they do not rely on the stability of specific visual features.In recent years, the rise of deep learning has revolutionized the field of vision-based localization. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown remarkable success in tasks such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation, which can be leveraged for localization. Deep learning-based methods can learn end-to-end mapping functions that directly relate camera images tothe corresponding pose information, without the need for explicit feature extraction or matching. These techniques have demonstrated impressive performance, particularly in challenging environments with significant perceptual aliasing or dynamic changes.One of the key advantages of vision-based localization is its versatility. Unlike other localization methods that rely on dedicated hardware, such as GPS or radio-based systems, vision-based techniques can leverage the ubiquity of cameras in modern devices, from smartphones to autonomous robots. This allows for the deployment of localization solutions in a wide range of environments, including indoor spaces, where other localization approaches may be less effective.However, vision-based localization also faces several challenges that need to be addressed. For example, the accuracy and reliability of the system can be affected by the quality and resolution of the camera, as well as the complexity and dynamics of the environment. Additionally, the computational requirements of the localization algorithms can be significant, particularly when dealing with high-resolution images or complex 3D models.To address these challenges, researchers are actively exploring various techniques to improve the performance and efficiency of vision-based localization systems. This includes the development ofmore robust and adaptive algorithms, the use of multiple sensors (e.g., combining vision with inertial measurement units), and the optimization of computational resources through techniques like hardware acceleration or distributed processing.As the field of computer vision and robotics continues to evolve, the importance of accurate and reliable vision-based localization will only grow. With the increasing demands for autonomous systems, augmented reality applications, and the need for seamless indoor and outdoor navigation, the development of advanced vision-based localization techniques will play a crucial role in shaping the future of these technologies.。
1+X_证书制度下智能网联汽车技术专业“课证融通”人才培养模式的改革与探索
AUTO TIME43AUTOMOBILE EDUCATION | 汽车教育1 引言随着科技的迅速发展，智能网联汽车技术已经成为未来交通领域的重要发展方向。
这一新兴技术领域的出现，对智能网联汽车技术专业的人才培养提出了更高的要求。
为了适应市场需求，提高人才培养的针对性和有效性，教育工作者需要在1+X 证书制度下进行“课证融通”人才培养模式的改革，将课程内容和职业资格证书紧密结合，使学生在获得学历的同时，也能够获得与工作岗位相对应的职业技能证书。
这将有助于提高人才培养的针对性和有效性，增强学生的就业竞争力，提高学生的职业技能水平。
2 1+X 证书制度与“课证融通”人才培养模式之间的关系1+X 证书制度是一种教育制度，其中“1”代表学生获得学历证书，“X ”代表学生获得职业资格证书或其他专业证书，旨在提高职业教育的质量和适应性，使学生在获得学历的同时，也能够获得与工作岗位相对应的职业技能证书。
而“课证融通”人才培养模式是一种将课程内容和职业资格证书结合在一起的人才培养方式，学生可以在学习过程中，将理论知识与实际操作相结合，提高学习效果和就业竞争力。
由此可见，1+X 证书制度和“课证融通”人才培养模式在提高学生职苏罗滋莹广西制造工程职业技术学院 广西南宁市 530100摘 要： 随着智能网联汽车技术的快速发展，1+X 证书制度下的“课证融通”人才培养模式改革显得尤为重要，相关改革旨在提高人才培养的质量和效率，更好地适应市场需求，学生可以在学习过程中将理论知识与实际操作相结合，提高学习效果和就业竞争力。
基于此，本文分析1+X 证书制度本文下人才培养模式改革的必要性、策略和未来发展趋势，供广大教育界同仁参考。
关键词：智能网联汽车技术 高等教育 人才培养模式 课程改革 证书制度Reform and Exploration of Talent Cultivation Mode of Intelligent Networked Vehicle Technology under 1+X Certificate SystemSu Luo ZiyingAbstract ：W ith the rapid development of intelligent networked automobile technology, 1 + X certificate system under the "class certificate integration" talent training mode reform is particularly important. The relevant reform is aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of talent training, better adapt to the market demand, so that the students can be in the learning process, becoming the combination of theoretical knowledge and practical operation, so as to improve the learning effect and employment competitiveness. Based on this, this paper analyzes the necessity, strategy and future development trend of talent training mode reform under the 1+X certificate system for the reference of colleagues in the education sector.Key words ：I ntelligent Networked Vehicle Technology, Higher Education, Talent Cultivation Mode, Curriculum Reform, Certificate System 1+X 证书制度下智能网联汽车技术专业“课证融通”人才培养模式的改革与探索业技能和就业竞争力方面有着共同的目标，它们相互促进、灵活适应市场需求，为职业教育的发展提供了有力的支持[1]。
药学英语第五版原文翻译
Thirdly, at some point in their life history, they possess a nucleus which contains genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases.
测绘工程专业英语翻译
测绘工程专业英语翻译各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢篇一：测绘工程专业英语课文翻译Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors （随机误差的统计学基本分析）Random errors are those variables that remain after mistakes are detected and eliminated and all systematic errors have been removed or corrected from the measured 后，并且所有系统误差被从测量值中移除或修正后，保留下的那些变量variable变量、变化n.）They are beyond the control of the the random errors are errors the occurrence of which does not follow a deterministic pattern.确定性的模式pattern而发生的误差）In mathematical statistics, they areconsidered as stochastic variables, and despite their irregular behavior, the study of random errors in any well-conducted measuring process or experiment has indicated that random errors follow the following empirical rules:mathematical statistics中，它们被当成随机变量stochastic variable，尽管它们的行为无规律，在任一正确的well-conducted原意为品行端正的，这里指测量实验和活动是无误的测量活动和实验中，对的随机误差的研究显示indicate随机误差遵循以下经验法则empirical⑴A random error will not exceed a certain amount.（随即误差不会超过一个确定的值）⑵Positive and negative random errors may occur at the same frequency.（正负误差出现的频率相同）⑶Errors that are small in magnitude are more likely to occur than those that are larger in magnitude.比数值大的误差出现可能性大be likely to 可能）⑷The mean of random errors tends to zero as the sample size tends to infinite.随机误差的平均值趋近于0）In mathematical statistics, random errors follow statistical behavioral laws such as the laws of 行为behavioral行为的规律，如概率法则）A characteristic theoretical pattern of error distribution occurs upon analysis of a large number of repeated measurements of a quantity, which conform to normal or Gaussian distribution.观测分析analysisn.中的误差分布的一个特征理论模式，遵照conform to遵照正态或高斯分布）在对一个量进行大量重复观测分析后，得到一个误差分布的理论特征——正态或高斯分布The plot of error sizes versus probabilities would approach a smooth curve of the characteristic bell-shape.与……相对概率的关系图，接近一条光滑的特有的characteristic特有的钟形曲线。
电子科技大学硕士学位论文样板
This paper studies how to build the J2EE platform architecture.
J2EE (Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition) is an enterprise-class application development standards. J2EE platform is based on standardized, component-based development of distributed application model, and these components define a complete set of services to simplify development of enterprise applications, the complexity of the traditional model of Internet applications with compared with incomparable advantages. Therefore, more and more enterprises will achieve J2EE platform as their preferred platform for enterprise applications.
答辩委员会主席
汽车营销类外文文献翻译——汽车行业渠道的转变
汽车营销类外文文献翻译——汽车行业渠道的转变Changing Channels in the Automotive Industry: The Future of Automotive Marketing and nThe automotive industry is undergoing a n that is radically reshaping how cars are marketed。
distributed。
and sold。
The n is。
who will come out as winners and losers。
Will the vehicle manufacturers and their franchised dealer orks be able to e years of inertia and complacency to neer and execute new concepts that will strengthen and extend the value of their brands。
Or will nimbler。
more imaginative retailers or are companies get there first?As the automotive industry continues to evolve。
it's ing increasingly clear that nal marketing and n channels are no longer enough。
With the rise of digital technology and changing consumer preferences。
automakers and dealerships must adapt to new ways of reaching and engaging with customers.One potential n is to leverage the power of data and analytics to better understand consumer r and preferences。
个人简历
个人简历尹勇教授：男，1969年3月生，博士生导师。
1991年毕业于大连海事大学“船舶通信导航”专业，获学士学位。
1994年毕业于大连海事大学“交通信息工程及控制”专业，获工学硕士学位，2001年毕业于大连海事大学“交通信息工程及控制”专业，获工学博士学位。
主要研究方向是实时图形算法、虚拟现实技术、航海仿真技术、多通道视景系统等。
科研经历：多年来一直从事航海动态仿真、实时图形处理技术和虚拟现实技术方面的研究，“九五”“十五”期间圆满完成了“211”工程项目的建设任务，建成了具有国内领先水平的大型船舶操纵模拟器，该项目2006年顺利通过了挪威船级社的认证。
作为项目负责人和主要研究人员研制完成了“雷达模拟器”、“全任务大型船舶操纵模拟器”、“航行安全及自动避碰仿真测试平台”、“公安海警船艇操纵仿真系统”、“潜艇航海综合训练系统”、“潜器操纵模拟器视景系统”、“重大件货船装卸模拟管理系统”和“青岛港海湾大桥设计方案通航安全模拟试验”等20余项科研项目。
“多功能航行安全仿真系统”，2000年12月获辽宁省科技进步一等奖。
“小型船舶操纵模拟器”获交通部科技进步三等奖、“雷达避碰模拟器”获辽宁省教委科技进步三等奖。
目前正着力完成国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目“虚拟现实的基础理论、算法及其实现”的子课题“海上搜救虚拟训练系统”以及“计算机辅助设计与图形学”国家重点实验室开放课题“采用实时大规模三维场景可视化框架开发航海模拟器视景系统的研究”的研制任务。
“全任务大型船舶操纵模拟器”采用模块化结构和先进的网络技术，将系统的各计算机相互连接，用户可根据场地条件、功能需要以及经费情况，灵活配置。
系统采用最新的计算机成象技术、无缝拼接宽视场角环幕投影技术，可将数字化的港口及相关设施动态、逼真地展现在用户眼前。
系统既可用于各种类型、吨位船舶、各种气象及不同航道条件下的船舶操纵训练，也可用于雷达、ARPA的模拟训练、ECDIS操作训练、港口和航道的开发应用及事故调查分析等，系统已成功推广到包括新加坡海军在内的国内外18家单位。
Research Objectives
Design and Empirical Analysis of MPLS Technologies for the NGIFY99 Project PlanPrinciple Investigators:Mark CarsonNISTBldg 820 Rm 453 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8920 Voice: 1-301-975-3694 Facs: 1-301-590-0932 Email: carson@ Doug MontgomeryNISTBldg 820 Rm 457 Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8920 Voice: 1-301-975-3630 Facs: 1-301-590-0932 Email: dougm@Research Objectives:A primary goal of the Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiative is the research and development of technologies capable of providing selectable, controlled Qualities of Service (QoS) to advanced applications. QoS in the NGI context is much more involved than the simple provision of very high bandwidths. QoS architectures and protocols must provide users, and network providers the capability to control the allocation of expensive network resources (e.g., link bandwidth, packet processing, charged circuits) in ways that are useful to application designers and amenable to network operators (e.g. for purposes of performance, security, business practices). The Internet research and development community has been working on the design of scalable and functional QoS architectures for several years. Recently, there has been a great deal of interest in Muti-Protocol Label Switching [4, 6] (MPLS) as a technology that may enable support of QoS in large scale internets. MPLS attempts to functionally separate the computation of routes in a network from the actual forwarding process. MPLS establishes Label Switched Paths (LSPs) through a network or domain and performs forwarding solely based upon virtual circuit-style label swapping along this pre-established path. This basic paradigm of label switching is interesting because it holds the promise of addressing several of the major challenges facing the NGI, including:•Functionality – label switching provides new functions that were either unavailable or inefficient with conventional hop-by-hop routing. The ability to do explicit path routingcould enable network providers to support traffic engineering [8, 12], and could provideleverage in the development of scalable QoS routing algorithms [1] that compute paths basedapplication requirements. MPLS can also be used to address scaling and implementationissues in Virtual Private Networks [15].•Flexibility – by separating route computation from forwarding, MPLS allows evolution of routing algorithms and protocols at the edge of large networks without impacting the behaviorof switches in the core of the network. Given the relative immaturity of QoS / constraintbased routing technology, we expect much research, innovation, and change in this area in thefuture.While MPLS holds potential as an enabling technology for QoS control in NGI networks, there is much research, development and analysis that must be completed for this technology to mature. Many issues remain to be resolved in the design of MPLS signaling protocols [9], the integration of MPLS signalingwith IP routing [7] and IP QoS signaling [5,16], and the integration of MPLS with advanced linktechnologies such as ATM[10] and WDM. To date almost all of the design and development of MPLS has been driven by a handful of large corporations in the IETF. To date there are no generally available, non-proprietary implementations of MPLS for use by the research community. Likewise, there has been little independent analysis of the real scaling implications of using MPLS technology in large networks. The only published studies [2] have been trivial in their scope and scale.The objective of this research is to aggressively pursue the design and analysis of MPLS protocols early in their development phase. Our approach is to (1) promote and conduct testing of MPLS technology through rapid prototyping, pilot deployment testing and empirical measurement; to (2) analyze, through large scale detailed simulations, the applicability and scalability of MPLS in today’s internets; and to (3) design and test new QoS routing algorithms that exploit the new functionality provide by MPLS forwarding.By producing public domain, open prototypes of MPLS technology and through the development of publicly available large-scale simulation capabilities, we hope to foster greater involvement of the network research community in the definition of MPLS.Technical Approach:NIST Switch Platform for MPLS Research:NIST Switch[1] is an open (FreeBSD and Linux), public domain prototype of a label switch router (LSR), designed to serve as a platform for research in MPLS protocol design and to serve as a tool for early pilot deployment and empirical testing of label switching in research networks. In our initial efforts, we have produced a prototype of label switched forwarding mechanisms, including support for label aware class based QoS and a prototype of simple extensions to RSVP to support label distribution. The initial limited prototype will be made available to the research community in Q299.While this first release of NIST Switch will provide the research community with the first publicly available MPLS research prototype, there is much research and development of this platform that must be completed. In particular, one focus of our future work will be the research, development and testing of advanced label distribution protocols (LDPs), and the integration of LDPs with IP routing and QoS signaling protocols. The design of LDPs is currently a hotly debated topic within the IETF community and a critical component in the future applicability and scalability of MPLS technology.A second focus of our future prototyping work will be research in the use of MPLS technology in the implementation of end-to-end QoS services. Of particular interest is the use of label switching mechanisms to support QoS service architectures such as differentiated services, the ability to use MPLS mechanisms to support aggregation and scaling of QoS services, and the effects of heterogeneous QoS architectures on end-to-end services.A third area of future work on our research platform is the integration of MPLS forwarding and signaling with advanced link layer technologies. Our first target, will be to expand the platform to support label switched integration with ATM[10]. Once complete, we will conduct experimental deployment and testing in wide area research networks such as CAIRN. We will seek to team with interested application and network researchers to experiment with the use of MPLS QoS to support high performance applications.Distributed Test Tools for QoS Signaling and Routing Protocols:Just providing research prototypes is not enough to enable and drive rigorous testing of MPLS technology in research and pilot networks. In order to enable serious testing of such systems automated test tools must be developed. NIST has done some initial research and development of a multiparty distributed test tool that addresses both functional and performance testing of IP QoS signaling protocols. Our Distributed Internet Protocol and Performance (DIPPER) Test System is being designed to support both controlled, laboratory based testing and live, deployment testing of topologically sensitive protocols. The systemallows slave testers (STs) to be deployed on multiple hosts that are topologically distributed around the system(s) under test. Test scripts, written in an extension of TCL, can be downloaded and executed on the distributed system of STs. Example test scripts would include ones for generation of significant signaling load and state information in a pilot deployment of QoS routers.As part of this research we will expand the focus of this effort to specificly address the testing of MPLS routing and signaling protocols. We will produce an expanded prototype of the DIPPER system and make it publicly available to the NGI network research community. The combination of the NIST Switch prototype and DIPPER extended to test MPLS will provide a toolkit for testbed and pilot deployment experimentation with MPLS.Large Scale Simulation of MPLS Technology:While prototyping helps us to understand the behavior of these protocols in detail, it will be infeasible to investigate critical scaling and stability issues of MPLS technology through actual testbed deployments. In order to study and understand issues related with large scale networks like loop prevention, traffic aggregation and scalability, we will also develop detailed packet level simulations of MPLS protocols and their interactions with IP routing and other signaling protocols. In order to achieve significant scale, we will work with parallel simulators such as the Dartmouth Scalable Simulation Framework (DaSSF) [13,14] running on multi-processors such as the SGI Origin. Such environments are capable of supporting packet level simulations approaching 100,000 nodes in reasonable execution times.We will extend the IP routing / signaling models (i.e., OSPF and BGP4) available with DaSSF to include detailed models of MPLS forwarding semantics, label distribution protocols, and interfaces to IP routing and signaling. The focus of this work will be to quantify the impact MPLS technology would have on the stability and routing performance of large scale internets. We will use these large scale models to quantitatively compare alternatives for open issues in LDPs design, to characterize the scaling properties of MPLS based QoS services, and to analyze and tune our own algorithms for label aware QoS routing.Our simulation results and protocol models will be made publicly available to the research community. QoS Routing Research:The area in which MPLS may have the greatest impact is in enabling new approaches to QoS routing. The label swapping paradigm, with its support for explicit routing and the separation of route computation and forwarding, provides a foundation for algorithmic approaches to QoS routing that are not feasible in traditional hop-by-hop routing. In our initial research into label-mediated QoS routing, we have been studying two-staged segmented routing algorithms similar to those used in routing FPGA designs [3]. Our initial approaches may be summarized as follows: In general, a label designates a path or tree segment (“stick”) in a network with certain QoS characteristics. These “sticks” may be preallocated or (particularly for RSVP-created paths) made as needed. The set of sticks will in general form a covering forest for the network graph.Routing at the ingress LSR then consists of selecting the appropriate “bundle” of one or more of these sticks, and applying the corresponding label stack to the packets. Then, through the rest of the net, the labels dictate both the route taken and the traffic handling characteristics applied. Desirable routes are those with a small bundle size, and hence small label stack (preferably one only).Determining good routes requires two steps: the a priori allocation of useful sticks, and the on-demand concatenation of these into appropriate bundles. From a graphic-theoretic viewpoint, the questions of interest then become how to allocate a labeled covering forest and how to manage it to achieve the desired routing goals. Our current best heuristic is a form of randomized greedy length-bounded augmenting path algorithm.Even assuming QoS routing within a single MPLS domain can be done properly, how can such routing be handled end-to-end? Here there are two central issues. The first is one of coherence or QoS translation: given a union of domains, each with different QoS characteristics stated in different terms, what can be said about the overall QoS available? The second is really one of optimization in the face of limited information: given a route through several domains, each with its own cost structure for obtaining “better”QoS, what combination should be selected end-to-end to achieve the overall desired QoS at the minimum possible cost? We intend to devise and test various solutions to these problems, both through simulation and through implementation on the NIST Switch platformReferences:1.“NIST Switch: A Platform for Research on Quality of Service Routing”, Mark Carson, SPIE 1998Conference on Voice, Video, and Data Communications – November 1998 Boston MA.2.“MPLS Routing Dynamics”, Siamack Ayandeh, Yanhe Fan, 3/15/98.3.``On Two-Step Routing for FPGAs'', G. Lemieux, S. Brown, D. Vranesic, Proc. ISPD-97 ACM, April,1997. (See also W. Moore, W. Luk, ed. Oxford 1991 International Workshop on Field Programmable Logic and Applications).4."A Framework for Multiprotocol Label Switching", Ross Callon, George Swallow, N. Feldman, A.Viswanathan, P. Doolan, A. Fredette, 11/26/1997.5."Use of Label Switching With RSVP", Bruce Davie, Y Rekhter, A. Viswanathan, S. Blake, VijaySrinivasan, E. Rosen, 03/12/1998.6."Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture", Ross Callon, A. Viswanathan, E. Rosen, 02/01/1999.7."Carrying Label Information in BGP-4", Y Rekhter, E. Rosen, 08/05/1998.8."Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS", Michael O'Dell, Joseph Malcolm, JohnsonAgogbua, Daniel Awduche, Jim McManus, 08/28/1998.9."LDP Specification", Bob Thomas, N. Feldman, P. Doolan, Loa Andersson, A. Fredette, 02/01/1999.10."MPLS using ATM VC Switching", Keith McCloghrie, Bruce Davie, George Swallow, Y Rekhter,11."Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels", Der-Hwa Gan, Tony Li, George Swallow, Lou Berger, VijaySrinivasan, Daniel Awduche, 11/19/1998.12."Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP", Ross Callon, Andy Malis, Joel Halpern, Juha Heinanen, N.Feldman, Eric Gray, Kenneth Sundell, P. Doolan, Loa Andersson, A. Fredette, Pasi Vaananen, Tom Worster, Bilel Jamoussi, Liwen Wu, Muckai Girish, Timothy Kilty, Ram Dantu, 01/27/1999.13.“Modeling the Global Internet”. James Cowie, David M. Nicol and Andy T. Ogielski. Computing inScience & Engineering, January 1999.14.“Efficient Large-scale Process-oriented Parallel Simulations.”K. Perumalla and R. Fujimoto.Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference (WSC’98).15.“CPE based VPNs, using MPLS”, Tony Li, 3/15/9816.“MPLS Extensions for Differential Services”, Liwen Wu, Pasi Vaananen, 11/15/98.。
人口与计划生育法英文介绍
人口与计划生育法英文介绍篇1The Population and Family Planning Law plays a crucial role in regulating and guiding population development in our country. It aims to strike a balance between population growth and the available resources and social development needs. This law has specific provisions and measures to control population growth. For instance, it promotes family planning and encourages couples to have an appropriate number of children based on various factors.One of its significant aspects is optimizing the population structure. It takes into account factors such as age distribution and gender ratio to ensure a more balanced and sustainable population composition. How amazing it is that such thoughtful considerations are made in the law!In terms of safeguarding citizens' reproductive rights and interests, the law also provides clear regulations. It ensures that citizens have the right to make informed and voluntary decisions regarding reproduction, while also emphasizing the importance of quality of life and the well-being of children. Isn't it a wonderful protection for citizens?The implementation of this law requires the joint efforts of the whole society. We should all understand and abide by its provisions, as it is for the long-term stability and prosperity of our country. What a significantand far-reaching law it is!篇2The Population and Family Planning Law has played a crucial role in the development of our society! It has witnessed significant changes and improvements over the years.In the early stages, this law aimed to control population growth and balance the population structure. As time went on, it has been continuously adjusted and refined to adapt to the changing social and economic circumstances. For instance, in some areas, it has focused on improving the quality of the population and promoting balanced population development.The significance of this law is immense! It has had a positive impact on the rational allocation of resources. By controlling population growth, it has helped to ensure that resources such as food, education, and medical care are distributed more effectively. This has undoubtedly contributed to the stable and sustainable development of society and the economy.How could we imagine a society without such a law? It would likely lead to chaos and imbalance in resource distribution. The Population and Family Planning Law is not just a set of regulations; it is a guiding light that leads us towards a better future. Isn't it amazing how such a law can shape the destiny of a nation?In conclusion, the Population and Family Planning Law is an essential tool for maintaining social order and promoting the well-being of thepeople. We should continue to pay attention to its development and implementation to ensure its effectiveness in the long run.篇3Population and Family Planning Laws are crucial for the development and stability of nations. In some developed countries, advanced population policies have been implemented. For instance, countries like Sweden and Denmark have emphasized on providing comprehensive family support, including generous parental leave and high-quality child care services. This has not only encouraged couples to have children but also ensured the well-being of children and families. How wonderful is this approach?On the other hand, developing countries often face similar challenges. Take India and Brazil as examples. They struggle with issues such as rapid population growth, limited resources, and insufficient social welfare. Isn't it a huge burden for these countries?The differences and similarities among these laws are quite remarkable. In developed countries, the focus is more on maintaining a balanced population structure and improving the quality of life. But in developing countries, the priority is often to control population growth to match the available resources. Isn't this a significant contrast?In conclusion, understanding and comparing the characteristics of Population and Family Planning Laws in different countries can provide valuable insights for formulating more effective policies. Don't you thinkso?篇4The Population and Family Planning Law has been of great significance in regulating population growth and promoting balanced development. However, during its implementation, various problems have emerged. For instance, in some remote areas, the lack of adequate medical resources and educational propaganda has made it difficult to ensure the effective execution of the law. People's traditional concepts and cultural factors have also posed obstacles to the implementation of the policy. How to solve these problems? One of the measures is to increase investment in medical infrastructure and professional training in these areas. This can improve the quality and accessibility of family planning services. Moreover, strengthening publicity and education through various channels, such as community activities and online platforms, can enhance people's understanding and acceptance of the law. Another important aspect is to formulate more flexible and targeted policies based on local actual conditions. Isn't it necessary to take into account the differences between regions and groups? Of course! Only by constantly adjusting and improving can the Population and Family Planning Law better meet the needs of social development and achieve its intended goals. Isn't that amazing?篇5The Population and Family Planning Law has been a significant aspect of social policy, exerting a profound influence on the trajectory of population development. This law is not just a set of regulations; it's a powerful tool shaping the future of our society!Consider the potential changes in population size. Under the sustained effect of this law, we might witness a controlled growth rate. Isn't it fascinating to think that this could lead to a more balanced distribution of resources and a reduced burden on social infrastructure?The age structure is another crucial aspect. We could expect a gradual shift towards an aging population. But what does this mean for our healthcare systems and social security? Will we be well-prepared to meet the needs of an older demographic?It's not all straightforward, though. There could be challenges along the way. For instance, how will a smaller working-age population impact economic productivity? How will we ensure the well-being of the elderly in a changing age structure?In conclusion, the Population and Family Planning Law holds the key to shaping the future of our population. It's a complex and dynamic issue that demands our continuous attention and thoughtful adaptation. How we navigate these changes will determine the quality of life for future generations. Isn't that a responsibility we all share?。
英语作文 最有用的发明
The most useful invention in history is a topic that can be approached from various perspectives,considering the countless innovations that have shaped our lives.Here are some of the most impactful inventions that could be considered the most useful:1.The Wheel:The wheel is arguably one of the earliest and most fundamental inventions. It revolutionized transportation,allowing for the movement of heavy loads and the development of various vehicles.2.Electricity:The harnessing of electricity has transformed the way we live,work,and communicate.It powers our homes,industries,and countless devices that we rely on daily.3.The Printing Press:Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the15th century,the printing press democratized knowledge by making books more accessible and affordable,leading to increased literacy and the spread of ideas.4.The Internet:The internet has connected the world in unprecedented ways,enabling instant communication,access to information,and global commerce.5.The Telephone:Alexander Graham Bells invention has evolved into a tool for not just voice communication but also data transmission,shaping modern telecommunication.6.The Light Bulb:Thomas Edisons incandescent light bulb extended our active hours beyond daylight,impacting work,leisure,and safety.7.The Steam Engine:The steam engine,improved by James Watt,was crucial for the Industrial Revolution,powering machinery and locomotives,and facilitating the growth of factories and transportation systems.8.The Computer:The development of computers,from early mechanical devices to modern digital machines,has revolutionized data processing,leading to advancements in various fields such as science,medicine,and entertainment.9.The Vaccine:Vaccination has saved countless lives by preventing the spread of deadly diseases,contributing significantly to public health and life expectancy.10.The Refrigerator:The ability to preserve food has reduced waste,made food storage more efficient,and allowed for the transportation of perishable goods over long distances.Each of these inventions has had a profound effect on society,improving quality of life,facilitating communication,and driving economic growth.When considering the most useful,one might reflect on the inventions impact on a global scale,its contribution to human development,and its enduring relevance in modern times.。
英语六级历年阅读题及答案
2010年6月阅读Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage.Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States—we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent". In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have triedto introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is "no exit" when it comes to children. "Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed."While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children' welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow'sproductive citizenry (公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
全球化弊端Negative effect of globalization
The Negative Effects of Globalization the Disadvantages of foreign capital:Globalization is often accused of perpetuating poverty because the Third World nations are seen as being exploited by the global actors and their resources are, as the critics deemed, expropriated by avaricious multinational corporations and the West which are overly steeped in the process of economic globalization. The Third World nations are often exploited for cheap labor, abundant resources and potential trade markets. This entails the argument that globalization has brought with flagrant abuse of human rights. This can be validated by the debacle that Nike was involved in as children in developing countries are exploited by Nike to work in conditions of poor sanitation while Nike itself becomes one of the most desired brands in the world today. Therefore, it can be seen that globalization is the cause of the yawning income gap between the haves and the havenots, hence,the claim that globalization is a bane is valid. Take European Debt Crisis for example. European Debt Crisis is the result of Western countries' accumulation of debt in the past two and three decades. In today's global economic integration,however, Europe is no so dominant as before anymore in the global competitive status. High wages,welfare and taxes make these countries be in a disadvantageous position. Company with some new ideas will be merged by multinational corporation and then produce their product in the area where the price of its labor force is relatively low, such as China and India. So the crisis broke out.Globalization is not a concept without explicit scope for internal policies protecting respective industries or the implication of diminution of enforced restrictions on exchanges. While crossing borders and integrating a complex system of trade and production seems very attractive, one cannot ignore the 'flattening' effect of the practice. Globalized trade and dedicated outsourcing of resources are bound to result in a conflict between various distinctive political forces. The ideology will of course continue to have an increasing impact on organization of business practices, but not without trade and exchange relations being affected.It also lead to economic imbalance.To developing country, foreign capital can grow economy rapidly, but the quickly growth may bring many problems to developing countries. for instance, if the country's economy too dependent on foreign capital, once the foreign capital withdrawal, the economy will collapses.it was happened in some Latin America country in 1990s.And also create a false prosperity.the foreign capital make a great contribution to developing country's GDP. but only GDP. the major profit and benefit is get into developed country's bank. consider china, our GDP is the second largest in the world in 2010,but the per capita income is ranked 127th in 2010.What's more,the other neglected part after globalization; it is inadequately affected because of the climate changes that are occurring due to pollution made by the industrial set up. The areas aroundthe industries are becoming slums and the waste released from the industries is affecting the flora and fauna of the domain. It is forcing the inhabitants to inhale polluted and obnoxious air which not only contains high of carbon-di-oxide but also contains methane, halogen gases and various other particulates responsible for altering the physiology of the inhabitants. Altered physiology becomes the leading cause of ill-health causing hypertension, diabetes and may lead to cancer can be as lethal to generate neonatal teratogenesis.Effects of Globalization on our EnvironmentDue to globalization, development, logging and conversion of marginal lands for enhancing production the local agriculture environment is badly affected (Frauenfeld, 2003).There are many projects which are formulated in each and every field of human endeavor for the promotion of globalization but only a few attains success, incurring tremendous loss of natural resources, vegetation and harm to the natural environment.Loss of wild species: it's a common observation that most of the wild varieties are facing danger of extinction due to global trade, global extension and with approaching new technologies and to meet the arising demands. The natural areas are rapidly turning to concrete plantation, to enhance production, building road, dams, mining, power plants, causing loss of species which were known to be the natives of that geographical domain. This is further contributed by the drastically growing human population (Ehrenfeld, 2002). These are the direct implication on the livestock but other indirect impacts encompass, pollution from production agriculture, vehicles coming to the area, additional requirement of electricity, waste from nuclear plants causing changes in the local climate due to liberation of various chemicals from industrial set up also liberation of toxic wastes, gases like carbon-di-oxide, methane, fluorocarbons drastically affect the local natural environment. Development of ecotourism-based industries and also the escalating demands and cut-throat competition to capture the market has lead to the loss of wild life (Ehrenfeld, 2003). It is evident that with the onset of globalization, the wild- life human contact is becoming the source of various new diseases; one of the biggest e.g. is of HIV and out breaks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Alexander, 2002).Environmental Costs of GlobalizationThis encompasses the deterioration of the quality of natural resources including- water, air and soil. It is also causing depletion of natural resources both renewable and non-renewable resources. Pollution of the environment is attributed to the increase in industries, burning of fossil fuels to run the industries, machines and for transport of both raw and finished products todifferent places. The protective and custom laws re also regulating the environment, contributing to the impact of globalization. According to Yu et al (2002) "A country importing dirty products essentially leaks its pollution to exporting countries that have less strict standards.' Also, " the conflict between trade and environment arises because countries with weak property rights appear to be more productive even when they are not, and export their natural resources unsustainably.' The economists running World Trade Organization (WTO) show problems in running General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is made to safeguard exhaustible natural resources and protect human, animal or plant life or health (Yu et al, 2002).It was further emphasized that scientist must come forward to pressure the considerations of the WTO by affording definite scientific evidence of environmental harm.One of the other consequences of globalization is the transport of heavy, minimally processed food products are made available in excess to the area where they were already available. This not only puts pressure on the local manufacturers but also pressurize their psychology to produce more products to cope with the competition (Yu, 2002).In order to cut down costs, many firms in developed nations have outsourced their manufacturing and white-collar jobs to Third-World countries like India and China, where the cost of labor is low. The most prominent among these have been jobs in the customer service field as many developing nations have a large English-speaking population - ready to work at one-fifth of what someone in developed world may call 'low-pay'. This has caused a lot of resentment among the people of developed countries, and companies have been accused of taking their jobs away. Another problem is that many Americans are not satisfied with the level of customer service that they are subjected to, and this has caused a lot of animosity among people and has added to the dissent that people already have against outsourcing.Fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC are spreading fast in the developing world. People are consuming more junk food which has an adverse impact on their health. Apart from the health concerns, there is something else that globalization has been criticized for, and it is the accusation that it has opened floodgates for restaurants and eateries which are insensitive to the religious beliefs of the host nation. For example, a lawsuit had to be filed against McDonald's in India, after it was accused of serving beef in their burgers.贫富差距加大While the rich are getting richer, the poor are struggling for a square meal. If the current Occupy Wall Street protests are a reminder of how angry people arewith the current set-up, then those who govern us should take notice, and work towards alleviating poverty. Ideally, globalization should have resulted in creation of wealth and prosperity, but corporate greed and corrupt government has ensured that money is not distributed equally.From the discuss above, it is safe to conclude that economic globalization does more harm than good. In terms of economy, the era of globalization witnesses a period of "enrichment of the rich",making the rich richer while the impoverished become poorer. As for the culture, it erodes our traditional culture. Furthermore, people and businessmen,even the government are prone to pursue the endless economic benefit blindly at the expense of our environment. What's more,globalization makes a crash on politics. Government can not stick to the policy at their own will because of the influence of globalization. All of these can account for our opinion: globalization does more harm than good. That's our group's view on today's topic. Thank you.。
ai的广泛发展应用的英语作文
ai的广泛发展应用的英语作文Artificial Intelligence: Transforming the FutureThe rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized various industries, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and interact. AI has become a driving force in shaping our future, with its widespread applications and transformative potential.One of the most prominent areas where AI has made a significant impact is in the field of healthcare. AI-powered diagnostic tools can analyze medical scans and images with unprecedented accuracy, assisting healthcare professionals in early detection and diagnosis of diseases. Furthermore, AI-based personalized treatment plans and drug discovery processes have the potential to revolutionize the way we approach patient care, leading to more effective and tailored therapies.Another notable application of AI is in the realm of transportation. Self-driving car technology, powered by AI algorithms, has the potential to significantly improve road safety, reduce traffic congestion, and enhance the overall efficiency of transportation systems. AI-enabled traffic management systems can optimize trafficflow, predict accidents, and provide real-time route guidance, making commuting and travel more seamless and convenient for individuals.In the field of education, AI-powered adaptive learning platforms can personalize the learning experience for each student, catering to their unique needs and learning styles. These systems can provide personalized feedback, tailor learning content, and track individual progress, thereby enhancing the overall quality of education and improving student outcomes.The financial sector has also witnessed the transformative impact of AI. AI-based algorithms can analyze vast amounts of financial data, identify patterns and trends, and assist in making informed investment decisions. Additionally, AI-powered fraud detection systems can help financial institutions prevent and mitigate financial crimes, safeguarding the integrity of the financial system.In the realm of customer service, AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants have revolutionized the way businesses interact with their customers. These AI-based systems can provide instant, personalized responses to customer inquiries, streamlining the customer experience and improving overall satisfaction.The advancements in AI have also had a significant impact on thefield of entertainment. AI algorithms can generate personalized content recommendations, optimize streaming platforms, and even create AI-generated art and music, revolutionizing the way we consume and experience media.Furthermore, AI has the potential to address some of the world's most pressing challenges, such as climate change and sustainable energy. AI-powered systems can help optimize energy usage, predict weather patterns, and develop innovative solutions for renewable energy generation and distribution.While the widespread adoption of AI undoubtedly brings numerous benefits, it also raises important ethical and societal concerns. Issues such as algorithmic bias, privacy, and the potential displacement of human labor due to automation must be addressed through responsible and ethical AI development and deployment.In conclusion, the rapid development and application of AI have transformed various aspects of our lives, from healthcare and transportation to education and entertainment. As we continue to explore the vast potential of AI, it is crucial that we do so in a responsible and ethical manner, ensuring that the benefits of this transformative technology are equitably distributed and that its risks are mitigated. The future holds countless possibilities as we harness the power of AI to shape a better world.。
小学上册第三次英语第3单元期中试卷
小学上册英语第3单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the opposite of 'full'?A. EmptyB. PackedC. LoadedD. HeavyA2.The _______ (The Space Race) was a major aspect of the Cold War rivalry.3.The _______ of a toy car can be increased by changing its weight.4._____ (环境保护) is essential for plant survival.5.The ________ (交通) in big cities can be very busy.6.I have a collection of miniature ________ (玩具类型).7.My mom is a __________ (心理治疗师).8.What is the capital of Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. CorinthD. DelphiA9. A polymer is a large molecule made up of many ________.10.The _______ of an object can vary based on its speed.11.What do you call a person who designs buildings?A. ArchitectB. EngineerC. ArtistD. CarpenterA Architect12.What is the term for a moon that orbits a planet in the same direction as its rotation?A. Prograde MoonB. Retrograde MoonC. Irregular MoonD. Regular Moon13.The _____ (灯塔) guides ships.14.What do we call a scientist who studies the structure of the Earth?A. GeologistB. ArchaeologistC. PaleontologistD. Environmental Scientist15.An unstable isotope is known as a ______.16.My uncle is a wonderful __________ (讲故事的人).17. A __________ is a series of events that lead to a major geological change.18.The invention of ________ has changed how we perceive the world.19. A ______ is a measurement of the amount of matter in an object.20. A _______ is a material that can donate protons in a reaction.21.I like to vol unteer because it allows me to help those in need. It’s very _______ (有意义).22.The ______ helps with the absorption of water in plants.23.I enjoy going to ________ (电影院) with my friends.24.The __________ (历史的博物馆) showcase artifacts from the past.25.What is the capital of France?A. LondonB. BerlinC. ParisD. RomeC26.What is the process of water turning into vapor called?A. CondensationB. EvaporationC. PrecipitationD. Sublimation27.What sweet treat is made from cocoa?A. CakeB. CandyC. Ice creamD. Chocolate28. A polymer is a large molecule made up of many ______.29.The __________ (历史的传承) shapes our narrative.30.What is the name of the imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?A. EquatorB. Prime MeridianC. Tropic of CancerD. Tropic of CapricornA31.What do we call the layer of the Earth that is made up of molten rock?A. CrustB. MantleC. CoreD. Lithosphere32.What do we call the study of living things?A. ChemistryB. BiologyC. PhysicsD. GeographyB33.The flowers in my garden are _______ (我花园里的花是_______).34.The chemical formula for calcium hydroxide is ______.35. A ____(conservation easement) protects land from development.36.The chemical formula for ammonia is ______.37.The chemical formula for -nonanone is ______.dybugs are often red with ________________ (黑点).39.Which fruit is yellow and sour?A. AppleB. LemonC. OrangeD. GrapeB40.The _______ of sound can be felt as vibrations in the air.41.The _______ of a flower can be very bright.42. A __________ is a small animal that loves to dig.43.The tarantula crawls very _________. (慢)44.I watched a _______ (小鹦鹉) mimic sounds.45.Which animal is known as the king of the jungle?A. LionB. TigerC. BearD. ElephantA46.At school, we have a toy day. It’s fun to see what others ________ (动词) and share our favorite ________ (名词).47.The first successful vaccine was developed for _______.48.The boiling point of water is _______ degrees Celsius at sea level.49.The ancient Egyptians practiced _____ as part of their rituals.50.My _____ (表妹) is visiting this weekend.51. A saturated solution occurs when no more solute can ______.52.What do we call the study of the past?A. ArchaeologyB. AnthropologyC. HistoryD. SociologyC53.My sister enjoys making ____ (gifts) for friends.54.What do you call a baby turtle?A. HatchlingB. PupC. CalfD. KitA55.My sister is a ______. She enjoys helping at the shelter.56.I believe that kindness creates a positive __________.57.What is the main function of the heart?A. To filter bloodB. To pump bloodC. To digest foodD. To produce energyB58.It’s nice to hear the __________ during a light rain. (滴答声)59.How do you greet someone in the morning?A. Good nightB. Good afternoonC. Good morningD. Good eveningC60.My mom is a ______. She loves gardening.61.I want to be an ________ (工程师) when I grow up.62.In chemistry, a solution is a _______ mixture.63.The __________ is a major city known for its global influence. (纽约)64.What is the term for a baby kangaroo?A. JoeyB. CalfC. CubD. PupA65.Where do plants grow?A. In the airB. In waterC. In soilD. In space66.What do we call the main character in a story?A. AntagonistB. ProtagonistC. VillainD. NarratorB67.What is the fastest land animal?A. CheetahB. LionC. HorseD. ElephantA68.The sun is ___ (hot/cold) today.69.The Stone Age is known for the use of ________ tools.70.The chemical symbol for indium is _____.71.The capital of Comoros is ________ (科摩罗的首都是________).72.The __________ of an animal can vary greatly between species.73.What is the term for a word that sounds the same but has a different meaning?A. SynonymB. AntonymC. HomonymD. Hyperbole74.What do you wear on your feet?A. HatB. GlovesC. ShoesD. Scarf75.Rust is formed when iron reacts with _______. (水)76.My favorite snack is a _______ (我最喜欢的零食是_______).77.What do you call the amount of space an object occupies?A. VolumeB. AreaC. MassD. Weight78.My brother is a ______. He enjoys drawing.79.The _______ is the center of an atom.80.I like to _______ (写日记) every night.81.What do you use to write?A. ForkB. SpoonC. PencilD. KnifeC82.The ______ helps people stay fit.83. A __________ is a type of mixture where the particles are evenly distributed.84.She is a doctor, ______ (她是一名医生), diagnosing illnesses.85.I have learned a lot about __________ in school this year.86.My sister enjoys __________ (参加) community events.87.I love the sound my __________ (玩具名) makes when I __________ (动词).88.The __________ (村庄) is small and quiet.89.What do we call a word that has the opposite meaning?A. SynonymB. AntonymC. HomonymD. AcronymB90.Many plants are ______ (适应性强) to their surroundings.91.The ________ was a significant battle during the Napoleonic Wars.92. A butterfly flutters gracefully in the _______.93.What do we call a scientist who studies ecosystems?A. EcologistB. BiologistC. Environmental scientistD. ConservationistA94.What is the capital of Palau?A. NgerulmudB. KororC. AiraiD. MelekeokA95.The ______ helps with digestion in the stomach.96.Many _______ are cultivated for their beauty.97.What is the name of the process by which plants lose water?A. AbsorptionB. RespirationC. TranspirationD. EvaporationC98. A _____ (植物工作坊) can teach valuable skills.99.Which of these is a popular sport?A. ChessB. FencingC. FootballD. Knitting100.What is the sound a dog makes?A. MeowB. BarkC. MooD. Quack。
英语作文取消旅游
英语作文取消旅游Here is an English essay on the topic of canceling tourism, with the content exceeding 1000 words as requested. The title is not included in the word count.The tourism industry has been a significant driver of economic growth and development for many countries around the world. It has provided employment opportunities, generated revenue, and exposed people to diverse cultures and experiences. However, in recent years, there has been a growing concern about the negative impacts of tourism, leading to calls for its cancellation or significant reduction.One of the primary arguments for canceling tourism is the environmental impact. The tourism industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly through the transportation of tourists to their destinations. Airplanes, cruise ships, and other modes of transportation used by tourists have a significant carbon footprint, contributing to climate change and environmental degradation. Additionally, the construction of hotels, resorts, and other tourism infrastructure can lead to the destruction of natural habitats, deforestation, and the disruption of fragile ecosystems.Furthermore, the influx of tourists can put a strain on local resources, such as water and energy, leading to shortages and increased prices for the local population. This can exacerbate existing inequalities and lead to resentment towards the tourism industry. In some cases, the presence of tourists has also led to the commodification of local cultures, with traditional practices and customs being exploited for the entertainment of visitors.Another argument for canceling tourism is the impact on local communities. The rapid growth of tourism can lead to the displacement of local residents, as property values and rents increase, making it difficult for them to afford to live in their own communities. This can result in the gentrification of neighborhoods, with local businesses and cultural institutions being replaced by tourist-oriented establishments.Moreover, the influx of tourists can also lead to an increase in crime and social problems, as tourists may engage in risky or unethical behavior, such as drug use or solicitation of sex work. This can create a sense of insecurity and discomfort among the local population, leading to tensions and conflicts.In addition to the environmental and social impacts, the tourism industry is also vulnerable to external shocks, such as naturaldisasters, political instability, and global pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the fragility of the tourism industry, with many destinations experiencing significant economic losses and job losses due to the sudden drop in tourism.Given these concerns, there is a growing movement to cancel or significantly reduce tourism in favor of more sustainable and responsible forms of travel. This could involve a shift towards eco-tourism, which emphasizes the conservation of natural resources and the engagement of local communities in the tourism experience. It could also involve the development of more localized and community-based tourism initiatives, where the benefits of tourism are more equitably distributed among the local population.Furthermore, the cancellation of tourism could also create opportunities for the development of more sustainable and resilient local economies, focused on the production and consumption of local goods and services. This could include the promotion of local agriculture, artisanal crafts, and other forms of small-scale entrepreneurship, which can provide more stable and equitable employment opportunities for the local population.However, it is important to note that the cancellation of tourism would also have significant economic consequences, particularly for countries and communities that are heavily reliant on the tourismindustry. This could lead to job losses, reduced government revenue, and a decline in overall economic activity. As such, any efforts to cancel or reduce tourism would need to be carefully planned and implemented, with a focus on mitigating the negative impacts and supporting the transition to more sustainable forms of economic development.In conclusion, the argument for canceling tourism is a complex and multifaceted issue, with valid concerns about the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the industry. While the cancellation of tourism may not be a feasible or desirable solution in all cases, there is a clear need for a more sustainable and responsible approach to tourism that prioritizes the well-being of local communities and the preservation of the natural environment. This may involve a combination of policy interventions, industry reforms, and community-based initiatives, all aimed at creating a more equitable and sustainable tourism ecosystem.。
英语作文-互联网+医疗服务平台：医疗资源共享的新机遇
英语作文-互联网+医疗服务平台：医疗资源共享的新机遇The advent of the internet has revolutionized many aspects of our lives, and one of the most significant transformations has been in the healthcare sector. The integration of internet services with medical care platforms has opened up new opportunities for the sharing of medical resources, making healthcare more accessible, efficient, and collaborative.In the past, medical resources were often siloed within specific institutions, leading to inefficiencies and a lack of access in certain regions. However, the rise of internet-based medical service platforms has begun to change this landscape. These platforms serve as a nexus for patients, doctors, and medical institutions, facilitating the exchange of information and resources across previously rigid boundaries.One of the primary benefits of these platforms is the democratization of medical knowledge. Doctors and medical professionals can share their expertise and research with a global audience, fostering a more inclusive environment for medical education and consultation. This not only helps in elevating the overall standard of healthcare but also empowers patients to make informed decisions about their health.Moreover, internet-based platforms have made telemedicine a reality. Patients in remote or underserved areas can now receive consultations and diagnoses from specialists without the need for travel. This not only saves time and resources but also ensures that high-quality medical care is more evenly distributed.Another significant advantage is the facilitation of resource optimization. Hospitals and clinics can manage their inventories more effectively by sharing information about their stocks of medicines, equipment, and other supplies. This can lead to reduced waste and more strategic allocation of resources where they are needed most.Furthermore, these platforms have enabled the creation of vast databases of medical records, which are invaluable for research and the development of new treatments. With proper privacy safeguards, the aggregation of this data can lead to breakthroughs in understanding and treating various diseases.However, the integration of internet services with medical platforms is not without challenges. Issues such as data security, patient privacy, and the digital divide must be addressed to ensure that these platforms can reach their full potential. It is crucial that as these platforms develop, they do so with a commitment to ethical standards and equitable access.In conclusion, the synergy between the internet and medical service platforms represents a new frontier in healthcare. It offers a promising avenue for the sharing of medical resources, bringing forth improvements in accessibility, efficiency, and collaboration. As technology continues to advance, it is imperative that we harness its potential to foster a healthcare system that is more connected, informed, and equitable for all. 。
ChatGPT在自然语言处理领域的创新和发展趋势(英文中文双语版优质文档)
ChatGPT在自然语言处理领域的创新和发展趋势（英文中文双语版优质文档）The field of natural language processing is an important branch of the field of artificial intelligence, which mainly studies how to make computers understand and process human language. As technology continues to evolve, the field of Natural Language Processing continues to innovate and evolve, and here are some of the trends:1. Models based on deep learning: Deep learning is a major trend in the field of natural language processing. It allows machines to learn the laws and patterns of language through a large amount of data, so as to achieve more accurate and efficient natural language processing. For example, ChatGPT is a language model based on deep learning.2. Combine multi-modal data processing: With the popularity of smart devices, people not only use language to communicate, but also use various forms of data such as pictures and videos. Therefore, the processing combined with multimodal data has also become an important research direction of natural language processing. For example, image description generation, video subtitle generation, etc.3. Development of dialogue systems: With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, dialogue systems have become one of the important applications of natural language processing. Future dialogue systems will be more intelligent and personalized, able to understand users' needs and intentions more accurately, and to conduct more natural and smooth dialogues.4. Cross-language processing technology: Cross-language processing technology can convert information in one language into information in another language, which is of great significance for international applications. In the future, cross-language processing technologies will become more popular, including translation and speech recognition.5. Interpretable natural language processing models: Most of the current natural language processing models are based on deep learning technology. Although they can achieve good performance, it is difficult to explain the decision-making process. Therefore, one of the future research directions is to design an interpretable natural language processing model to make the computer's decision-making process more transparent and understandable.In conclusion, the field of natural language processing is a field full of challenges and opportunities. The future development trend is multi-faceted, which requires continuous exploration and innovation in continuous practice and research.自然语言处理领域是人工智能领域的一个重要分支，它主要研究如何让计算机理解和处理人类语言。