PRS_macro_ch13
一种敲低PXYLP1基因表达的shRNA、慢病毒载体及其构建方法和应用[发明专利]
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(19)国家知识产权局(12)发明专利申请(10)申请公布号 (43)申请公布日 (21)申请号 202111535765.1(22)申请日 2021.12.15(71)申请人 徐州市中心医院地址 221000 江苏省徐州市解放路199号(72)发明人 孟箭 周霖 李欣然 顾徐嘉 陈霖 (74)专利代理机构 南京经纬专利商标代理有限公司 32200专利代理师 曹翠珍(51)Int.Cl.C12N 15/113(2010.01)C12N 15/867(2006.01)A61K 31/713(2006.01)A61P 1/02(2006.01)A61P 25/00(2006.01)(54)发明名称一种敲低PXYLP1基因表达的shRNA、慢病毒载体及其构建方法和应用(57)摘要本发明公开了一种敲低PXYLP1基因表达的shRNA、慢病毒载体及其构建方法和应用，通过RNA干扰靶点设计及双链DNA oligo制备，将双链DNA oligo与线性化的载体相连，将连接产物转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞进行阳性克隆，构建短发夹RNA慢病毒载体，敲低TSCC内源性PXYLP1基因的表达，抑制了TSCC细胞的增殖能力，诱导了TSCC细胞的凋亡，从而抑制体内肿瘤生长。
权利要求书1页 说明书10页序列表1页 附图9页CN 114457075 A 2022.05.10C N 114457075A1.一种敲低PXYLP1基因表达的shRNA，其特征在于，所述shRNA包括DNA oligo的正链和反链，所述正链为序列表SEQ ID NO.1所示的碱基序列，所述反链为序列表SEQ ID NO.2所示的碱基序列，所述的正链和反链退火，形成带粘性末端的双链DNA：SEQ 1：5’‑CCGGCCCGGTAAGAAACCAGTATCTCTCGAGAGATACTGGTTTCTTACCGGGTTTTTG ‑3’SEQ 2：5’‑AATTCAAAAACCCGGTAAGAAACCAGTATCTCTCGAGAGATACTGGTTTCTTACCGGG ‑3’。
CRISPR-Cas13d系统：一种靶向RNA的基因编辑技术
CRISPR/Cas13d系统：一种靶向RNA的基因编辑技术•引言：CRISPR/Cas系统是一种由细菌和古菌进化出来的一种自我防御机制，能够利用特殊的核酸酶（Cas蛋白）和向导RNA（gRNA）对外源DNA进行识别和切割，从而实现基因编辑的功能。
CRISPR/Cas系统根据Cas蛋白的不同可以分为不同的类型和亚型，其中，最常用的是靶向DNA的CRISPR/Cas9系统，而CRISPR/Cas13d是目前最新的VI-D 类靶向RNA的CRISPR/Cas系统。
Cas13d蛋白与之前发现的Cas13a/b/c 相比蛋白更小，这种尺寸使其更容易包装到容量较小腺相关病毒（AAV）载体中。
通过设计sgRNA（short guide RNA)，以引导CasRX（Cas13d 的一种）蛋白在对RNA的定点切割，造成RNA的降解，达到抑制基因表达的目的。
由于CRISPR/Cas13d系统不借助细胞体内的RISC(RNA 介导的沉默复合物，shRNA干扰的核心结构)，使其不仅能高效干扰细胞质RNA，而且能高效的干扰核内RNA（lncRNA等），补充了shRNA 在核内RNA干扰上的不足。
•CRISPR/Cas13d系统的工作原理：CRISPR/Cas13d系统是由Cas13d蛋白和sgRNA组成的复合物，其中Cas13d蛋白是一种能够切割单链RNA （ssRNA）的核酸酶，而sgRNA是一种能够与Cas13d蛋白结合并指导其识别目标RNA的短片段RNA。
Cas13d蛋白由四个功能域组成，分别是N端结合域（NBD）、核酸识别域（NRD）、催化域1（CTD1）和催化域2（CTD2）。
其中，NBD负责与sgRNA结合，NRD负责与sgRNA互补配对的目标RNA结合，CTD1负责切割目标RNA上与sgRNA互补配对区域附近的位置，CTD2负责切割目标RNA上与sgRNA互补配对区域无关的位置。
当Cas13d/sgRNA复合物与目标RNA结合后，Cas13d蛋白会被激活，并开始切割目标RNA以及周围的非特异性ssRNA，从而造成大量的RNA降解和基因沉默。
Native Instruments MASCHINE MK3 用户手册说明书
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Native Instruments GmbH. The software described by this docu-ment is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Native Instruments GmbH, hereinafter referred to as Native Instruments.“Native Instruments”, “NI” and associated logos are (registered) trademarks of Native Instru-ments GmbH.ASIO, VST, HALion and Cubase are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH.All other product and company names are trademarks™ or registered® trademarks of their re-spective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.Document authored by: David Gover and Nico Sidi.Software version: 2.8 (02/2019)Hardware version: MASCHINE MK3Special thanks to the Beta Test Team, who were invaluable not just in tracking down bugs, but in making this a better product.NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH Schlesische Str. 29-30D-10997 Berlin Germanywww.native-instruments.de NATIVE INSTRUMENTS North America, Inc. 6725 Sunset Boulevard5th FloorLos Angeles, CA 90028USANATIVE INSTRUMENTS K.K.YO Building 3FJingumae 6-7-15, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001Japanwww.native-instruments.co.jp NATIVE INSTRUMENTS UK Limited 18 Phipp StreetLondon EC2A 4NUUKNATIVE INSTRUMENTS FRANCE SARL 113 Rue Saint-Maur75011 ParisFrance SHENZHEN NATIVE INSTRUMENTS COMPANY Limited 5F, Shenzhen Zimao Center111 Taizi Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, GuangdongChina© NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH, 2019. All rights reserved.Table of Contents1Welcome to MASCHINE (25)1.1MASCHINE Documentation (26)1.2Document Conventions (27)1.3New Features in MASCHINE 2.8 (29)1.4New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.10 (31)1.5New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.8 (31)1.6New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.7 (32)1.7New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.4 (33)1.8New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.3 (36)2Quick Reference (38)2.1Using Your Controller (38)2.1.1Controller Modes and Mode Pinning (38)2.1.2Controlling the Software Views from Your Controller (40)2.2MASCHINE Project Overview (43)2.2.1Sound Content (44)2.2.2Arrangement (45)2.3MASCHINE Hardware Overview (48)2.3.1MASCHINE Hardware Overview (48)2.3.1.1Control Section (50)2.3.1.2Edit Section (53)2.3.1.3Performance Section (54)2.3.1.4Group Section (56)2.3.1.5Transport Section (56)2.3.1.6Pad Section (58)2.3.1.7Rear Panel (63)2.4MASCHINE Software Overview (65)2.4.1Header (66)2.4.2Browser (68)2.4.3Arranger (70)2.4.4Control Area (73)2.4.5Pattern Editor (74)3Basic Concepts (76)3.1Important Names and Concepts (76)3.2Adjusting the MASCHINE User Interface (79)3.2.1Adjusting the Size of the Interface (79)3.2.2Switching between Ideas View and Song View (80)3.2.3Showing/Hiding the Browser (81)3.2.4Showing/Hiding the Control Lane (81)3.3Common Operations (82)3.3.1Using the 4-Directional Push Encoder (82)3.3.2Pinning a Mode on the Controller (83)3.3.3Adjusting Volume, Swing, and Tempo (84)3.3.4Undo/Redo (87)3.3.5List Overlay for Selectors (89)3.3.6Zoom and Scroll Overlays (90)3.3.7Focusing on a Group or a Sound (91)3.3.8Switching Between the Master, Group, and Sound Level (96)3.3.9Navigating Channel Properties, Plug-ins, and Parameter Pages in the Control Area.973.3.9.1Extended Navigate Mode on Your Controller (102)3.3.10Navigating the Software Using the Controller (105)3.3.11Using Two or More Hardware Controllers (106)3.3.12Touch Auto-Write Option (108)3.4Native Kontrol Standard (110)3.5Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (111)3.5.1Differences between Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (112)3.5.2Switching Instances (113)3.5.3Controlling Various Instances with Different Controllers (114)3.6Host Integration (114)3.6.1Setting up Host Integration (115)3.6.1.1Setting up Ableton Live (macOS) (115)3.6.1.2Setting up Ableton Live (Windows) (116)3.6.1.3Setting up Apple Logic Pro X (116)3.6.2Integration with Ableton Live (117)3.6.3Integration with Apple Logic Pro X (119)3.7Preferences (120)3.7.1Preferences – General Page (121)3.7.2Preferences – Audio Page (126)3.7.3Preferences – MIDI Page (130)3.7.4Preferences – Default Page (133)3.7.5Preferences – Library Page (137)3.7.6Preferences – Plug-ins Page (145)3.7.7Preferences – Hardware Page (150)3.7.8Preferences – Colors Page (154)3.8Integrating MASCHINE into a MIDI Setup (156)3.8.1Connecting External MIDI Equipment (156)3.8.2Sync to External MIDI Clock (157)3.8.3Send MIDI Clock (158)3.9Syncing MASCHINE using Ableton Link (159)3.9.1Connecting to a Network (159)3.9.2Joining and Leaving a Link Session (159)3.10Using a Pedal with the MASCHINE Controller (160)3.11File Management on the MASCHINE Controller (161)4Browser (163)4.1Browser Basics (163)4.1.1The MASCHINE Library (163)4.1.2Browsing the Library vs. Browsing Your Hard Disks (164)4.2Searching and Loading Files from the Library (165)4.2.1Overview of the Library Pane (165)4.2.2Selecting or Loading a Product and Selecting a Bank from the Browser (170)4.2.2.1[MK3] Browsing by Product Category Using the Controller (174)4.2.2.2[MK3] Browsing by Product Vendor Using the Controller (174)4.2.3Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank (175)4.2.3.1Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank on theController (179)4.2.4Selecting a File Type (180)4.2.5Choosing Between Factory and User Content (181)4.2.6Selecting Type and Character Tags (182)4.2.7List and Tag Overlays in the Browser (186)4.2.8Performing a Text Search (188)4.2.9Loading a File from the Result List (188)4.3Additional Browsing Tools (193)4.3.1Loading the Selected Files Automatically (193)4.3.2Auditioning Instrument Presets (195)4.3.3Auditioning Samples (196)4.3.4Loading Groups with Patterns (197)4.3.5Loading Groups with Routing (198)4.3.6Displaying File Information (198)4.4Using Favorites in the Browser (199)4.5Editing the Files’ Tags and Properties (203)4.5.1Attribute Editor Basics (203)4.5.2The Bank Page (205)4.5.3The Types and Characters Pages (205)4.5.4The Properties Page (208)4.6Loading and Importing Files from Your File System (209)4.6.1Overview of the FILES Pane (209)4.6.2Using Favorites (211)4.6.3Using the Location Bar (212)4.6.4Navigating to Recent Locations (213)4.6.5Using the Result List (214)4.6.6Importing Files to the MASCHINE Library (217)4.7Locating Missing Samples (219)4.8Using Quick Browse (221)5Managing Sounds, Groups, and Your Project (225)5.1Overview of the Sounds, Groups, and Master (225)5.1.1The Sound, Group, and Master Channels (226)5.1.2Similarities and Differences in Handling Sounds and Groups (227)5.1.3Selecting Multiple Sounds or Groups (228)5.2Managing Sounds (233)5.2.1Loading Sounds (235)5.2.2Pre-listening to Sounds (236)5.2.3Renaming Sound Slots (237)5.2.4Changing the Sound’s Color (237)5.2.5Saving Sounds (239)5.2.6Copying and Pasting Sounds (241)5.2.7Moving Sounds (244)5.2.8Resetting Sound Slots (245)5.3Managing Groups (247)5.3.1Creating Groups (248)5.3.2Loading Groups (249)5.3.3Renaming Groups (251)5.3.4Changing the Group’s Color (251)5.3.5Saving Groups (253)5.3.6Copying and Pasting Groups (255)5.3.7Reordering Groups (258)5.3.8Deleting Groups (259)5.4Exporting MASCHINE Objects and Audio (260)5.4.1Saving a Group with its Samples (261)5.4.2Saving a Project with its Samples (262)5.4.3Exporting Audio (264)5.5Importing Third-Party File Formats (270)5.5.1Loading REX Files into Sound Slots (270)5.5.2Importing MPC Programs to Groups (271)6Playing on the Controller (275)6.1Adjusting the Pads (275)6.1.1The Pad View in the Software (275)6.1.2Choosing a Pad Input Mode (277)6.1.3Adjusting the Base Key (280)6.1.4Using Choke Groups (282)6.1.5Using Link Groups (284)6.2Adjusting the Key, Choke, and Link Parameters for Multiple Sounds (286)6.3Playing Tools (287)6.3.1Mute and Solo (288)6.3.2Choke All Notes (292)6.3.3Groove (293)6.3.4Level, Tempo, Tune, and Groove Shortcuts on Your Controller (295)6.3.5Tap Tempo (299)6.4Performance Features (300)6.4.1Overview of the Perform Features (300)6.4.2Selecting a Scale and Creating Chords (303)6.4.3Scale and Chord Parameters (303)6.4.4Creating Arpeggios and Repeated Notes (316)6.4.5Swing on Note Repeat / Arp Output (321)6.5Using Lock Snapshots (322)6.5.1Creating a Lock Snapshot (322)6.5.2Using Extended Lock (323)6.5.3Updating a Lock Snapshot (323)6.5.4Recalling a Lock Snapshot (324)6.5.5Morphing Between Lock Snapshots (324)6.5.6Deleting a Lock Snapshot (325)6.5.7Triggering Lock Snapshots via MIDI (326)6.6Using the Smart Strip (327)6.6.1Pitch Mode (328)6.6.2Modulation Mode (328)6.6.3Perform Mode (328)6.6.4Notes Mode (329)7Working with Plug-ins (330)7.1Plug-in Overview (330)7.1.1Plug-in Basics (330)7.1.2First Plug-in Slot of Sounds: Choosing the Sound’s Role (334)7.1.3Loading, Removing, and Replacing a Plug-in (335)7.1.3.1Browser Plug-in Slot Selection (341)7.1.4Adjusting the Plug-in Parameters (344)7.1.5Bypassing Plug-in Slots (344)7.1.6Using Side-Chain (346)7.1.7Moving Plug-ins (346)7.1.8Alternative: the Plug-in Strip (348)7.1.9Saving and Recalling Plug-in Presets (348)7.1.9.1Saving Plug-in Presets (349)7.1.9.2Recalling Plug-in Presets (350)7.1.9.3Removing a Default Plug-in Preset (351)7.2The Sampler Plug-in (352)7.2.1Page 1: Voice Settings / Engine (354)7.2.2Page 2: Pitch / Envelope (356)7.2.3Page 3: FX / Filter (359)7.2.4Page 4: Modulation (361)7.2.5Page 5: LFO (363)7.2.6Page 6: Velocity / Modwheel (365)7.3Using Native Instruments and External Plug-ins (367)7.3.1Opening/Closing Plug-in Windows (367)7.3.2Using the VST/AU Plug-in Parameters (370)7.3.3Setting Up Your Own Parameter Pages (371)7.3.4Using VST/AU Plug-in Presets (376)7.3.5Multiple-Output Plug-ins and Multitimbral Plug-ins (378)8Using the Audio Plug-in (380)8.1Loading a Loop into the Audio Plug-in (384)8.2Editing Audio in the Audio Plug-in (385)8.3Using Loop Mode (386)8.4Using Gate Mode (388)9Using the Drumsynths (390)9.1Drumsynths – General Handling (391)9.1.1Engines: Many Different Drums per Drumsynth (391)9.1.2Common Parameter Organization (391)9.1.3Shared Parameters (394)9.1.4Various Velocity Responses (394)9.1.5Pitch Range, Tuning, and MIDI Notes (394)9.2The Kicks (395)9.2.1Kick – Sub (397)9.2.2Kick – Tronic (399)9.2.3Kick – Dusty (402)9.2.4Kick – Grit (403)9.2.5Kick – Rasper (406)9.2.6Kick – Snappy (407)9.2.7Kick – Bold (409)9.2.8Kick – Maple (411)9.2.9Kick – Push (412)9.3The Snares (414)9.3.1Snare – Volt (416)9.3.2Snare – Bit (418)9.3.3Snare – Pow (420)9.3.4Snare – Sharp (421)9.3.5Snare – Airy (423)9.3.6Snare – Vintage (425)9.3.7Snare – Chrome (427)9.3.8Snare – Iron (429)9.3.9Snare – Clap (431)9.3.10Snare – Breaker (433)9.4The Hi-hats (435)9.4.1Hi-hat – Silver (436)9.4.2Hi-hat – Circuit (438)9.4.3Hi-hat – Memory (440)9.4.4Hi-hat – Hybrid (442)9.4.5Creating a Pattern with Closed and Open Hi-hats (444)9.5The Toms (445)9.5.1Tom – Tronic (447)9.5.2Tom – Fractal (449)9.5.3Tom – Floor (453)9.5.4Tom – High (455)9.6The Percussions (456)9.6.1Percussion – Fractal (458)9.6.2Percussion – Kettle (461)9.6.3Percussion – Shaker (463)9.7The Cymbals (467)9.7.1Cymbal – Crash (469)9.7.2Cymbal – Ride (471)10Using the Bass Synth (474)10.1Bass Synth – General Handling (475)10.1.1Parameter Organization (475)10.1.2Bass Synth Parameters (477)11Working with Patterns (479)11.1Pattern Basics (479)11.1.1Pattern Editor Overview (480)11.1.2Navigating the Event Area (486)11.1.3Following the Playback Position in the Pattern (488)11.1.4Jumping to Another Playback Position in the Pattern (489)11.1.5Group View and Keyboard View (491)11.1.6Adjusting the Arrange Grid and the Pattern Length (493)11.1.7Adjusting the Step Grid and the Nudge Grid (497)11.2Recording Patterns in Real Time (501)11.2.1Recording Your Patterns Live (501)11.2.2The Record Prepare Mode (504)11.2.3Using the Metronome (505)11.2.4Recording with Count-in (506)11.2.5Quantizing while Recording (508)11.3Recording Patterns with the Step Sequencer (508)11.3.1Step Mode Basics (508)11.3.2Editing Events in Step Mode (511)11.3.3Recording Modulation in Step Mode (513)11.4Editing Events (514)11.4.1Editing Events with the Mouse: an Overview (514)11.4.2Creating Events/Notes (517)11.4.3Selecting Events/Notes (518)11.4.4Editing Selected Events/Notes (526)11.4.5Deleting Events/Notes (532)11.4.6Cut, Copy, and Paste Events/Notes (535)11.4.7Quantizing Events/Notes (538)11.4.8Quantization While Playing (540)11.4.9Doubling a Pattern (541)11.4.10Adding Variation to Patterns (541)11.5Recording and Editing Modulation (546)11.5.1Which Parameters Are Modulatable? (547)11.5.2Recording Modulation (548)11.5.3Creating and Editing Modulation in the Control Lane (550)11.6Creating MIDI Tracks from Scratch in MASCHINE (555)11.7Managing Patterns (557)11.7.1The Pattern Manager and Pattern Mode (558)11.7.2Selecting Patterns and Pattern Banks (560)11.7.3Creating Patterns (563)11.7.4Deleting Patterns (565)11.7.5Creating and Deleting Pattern Banks (566)11.7.6Naming Patterns (568)11.7.7Changing the Pattern’s Color (570)11.7.8Duplicating, Copying, and Pasting Patterns (571)11.7.9Moving Patterns (574)11.7.10Adjusting Pattern Length in Fine Increments (575)11.8Importing/Exporting Audio and MIDI to/from Patterns (576)11.8.1Exporting Audio from Patterns (576)11.8.2Exporting MIDI from Patterns (577)11.8.3Importing MIDI to Patterns (580)12Audio Routing, Remote Control, and Macro Controls (589)12.1Audio Routing in MASCHINE (590)12.1.1Sending External Audio to Sounds (591)12.1.2Configuring the Main Output of Sounds and Groups (596)12.1.3Setting Up Auxiliary Outputs for Sounds and Groups (601)12.1.4Configuring the Master and Cue Outputs of MASCHINE (605)12.1.5Mono Audio Inputs (610)12.1.5.1Configuring External Inputs for Sounds in Mix View (611)12.2Using MIDI Control and Host Automation (614)12.2.1Triggering Sounds via MIDI Notes (615)12.2.2Triggering Scenes via MIDI (622)12.2.3Controlling Parameters via MIDI and Host Automation (623)12.2.4Selecting VST/AU Plug-in Presets via MIDI Program Change (631)12.2.5Sending MIDI from Sounds (632)12.3Creating Custom Sets of Parameters with the Macro Controls (636)12.3.1Macro Control Overview (637)12.3.2Assigning Macro Controls Using the Software (638)12.3.3Assigning Macro Controls Using the Controller (644)13Controlling Your Mix (646)13.1Mix View Basics (646)13.1.1Switching between Arrange View and Mix View (646)13.1.2Mix View Elements (647)13.2The Mixer (649)13.2.1Displaying Groups vs. Displaying Sounds (650)13.2.2Adjusting the Mixer Layout (652)13.2.3Selecting Channel Strips (653)13.2.4Managing Your Channels in the Mixer (654)13.2.5Adjusting Settings in the Channel Strips (656)13.2.6Using the Cue Bus (660)13.3The Plug-in Chain (662)13.4The Plug-in Strip (663)13.4.1The Plug-in Header (665)13.4.2Panels for Drumsynths and Internal Effects (667)13.4.3Panel for the Sampler (668)13.4.4Custom Panels for Native Instruments Plug-ins (671)13.4.5Undocking a Plug-in Panel (Native Instruments and External Plug-ins Only) (675)13.5Controlling Your Mix from the Controller (677)13.5.1Navigating Your Channels in Mix Mode (678)13.5.2Adjusting the Level and Pan in Mix Mode (679)13.5.3Mute and Solo in Mix Mode (680)13.5.4Plug-in Icons in Mix Mode (680)14Using Effects (681)14.1Applying Effects to a Sound, a Group or the Master (681)14.1.1Adding an Effect (681)14.1.2Other Operations on Effects (690)14.1.3Using the Side-Chain Input (692)14.2Applying Effects to External Audio (695)14.2.1Step 1: Configure MASCHINE Audio Inputs (695)14.2.2Step 2: Set up a Sound to Receive the External Input (698)14.2.3Step 3: Load an Effect to Process an Input (700)14.3Creating a Send Effect (701)14.3.1Step 1: Set Up a Sound or Group as Send Effect (702)14.3.2Step 2: Route Audio to the Send Effect (706)14.3.3 A Few Notes on Send Effects (708)14.4Creating Multi-Effects (709)15Effect Reference (712)15.1Dynamics (713)15.1.1Compressor (713)15.1.2Gate (717)15.1.3Transient Master (721)15.1.4Limiter (723)15.1.5Maximizer (727)15.2Filtering Effects (730)15.2.1EQ (730)15.2.2Filter (733)15.2.3Cabinet (737)15.3Modulation Effects (738)15.3.1Chorus (738)15.3.2Flanger (740)15.3.3FM (742)15.3.4Freq Shifter (743)15.3.5Phaser (745)15.4Spatial and Reverb Effects (747)15.4.1Ice (747)15.4.2Metaverb (749)15.4.3Reflex (750)15.4.4Reverb (Legacy) (752)15.4.5Reverb (754)15.4.5.1Reverb Room (754)15.4.5.2Reverb Hall (757)15.4.5.3Plate Reverb (760)15.5Delays (762)15.5.1Beat Delay (762)15.5.2Grain Delay (765)15.5.3Grain Stretch (767)15.5.4Resochord (769)15.6Distortion Effects (771)15.6.1Distortion (771)15.6.2Lofi (774)15.6.3Saturator (775)15.7Perform FX (779)15.7.1Filter (780)15.7.2Flanger (782)15.7.3Burst Echo (785)15.7.4Reso Echo (787)15.7.5Ring (790)15.7.6Stutter (792)15.7.7Tremolo (795)15.7.8Scratcher (798)16Working with the Arranger (801)16.1Arranger Basics (801)16.1.1Navigating Song View (804)16.1.2Following the Playback Position in Your Project (806)16.1.3Performing with Scenes and Sections using the Pads (807)16.2Using Ideas View (811)16.2.1Scene Overview (811)16.2.2Creating Scenes (813)16.2.3Assigning and Removing Patterns (813)16.2.4Selecting Scenes (817)16.2.5Deleting Scenes (818)16.2.6Creating and Deleting Scene Banks (820)16.2.7Clearing Scenes (820)16.2.8Duplicating Scenes (821)16.2.9Reordering Scenes (822)16.2.10Making Scenes Unique (824)16.2.11Appending Scenes to Arrangement (825)16.2.12Naming Scenes (826)16.2.13Changing the Color of a Scene (827)16.3Using Song View (828)16.3.1Section Management Overview (828)16.3.2Creating Sections (833)16.3.3Assigning a Scene to a Section (834)16.3.4Selecting Sections and Section Banks (835)16.3.5Reorganizing Sections (839)16.3.6Adjusting the Length of a Section (840)16.3.6.1Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Software (841)16.3.6.2Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Controller (843)16.3.7Clearing a Pattern in Song View (843)16.3.8Duplicating Sections (844)16.3.8.1Making Sections Unique (845)16.3.9Removing Sections (846)16.3.10Renaming Scenes (848)16.3.11Clearing Sections (849)16.3.12Creating and Deleting Section Banks (850)16.3.13Working with Patterns in Song view (850)16.3.13.1Creating a Pattern in Song View (850)16.3.13.2Selecting a Pattern in Song View (850)16.3.13.3Clearing a Pattern in Song View (851)16.3.13.4Renaming a Pattern in Song View (851)16.3.13.5Coloring a Pattern in Song View (851)16.3.13.6Removing a Pattern in Song View (852)16.3.13.7Duplicating a Pattern in Song View (852)16.3.14Enabling Auto Length (852)16.3.15Looping (853)16.3.15.1Setting the Loop Range in the Software (854)16.4Playing with Sections (855)16.4.1Jumping to another Playback Position in Your Project (855)16.5Triggering Sections or Scenes via MIDI (856)16.6The Arrange Grid (858)16.7Quick Grid (860)17Sampling and Sample Mapping (862)17.1Opening the Sample Editor (862)17.2Recording Audio (863)17.2.1Opening the Record Page (863)17.2.2Selecting the Source and the Recording Mode (865)17.2.3Arming, Starting, and Stopping the Recording (868)17.2.5Using the Footswitch for Recording Audio (871)17.2.6Checking Your Recordings (872)17.2.7Location and Name of Your Recorded Samples (876)17.3Editing a Sample (876)17.3.1Using the Edit Page (877)17.3.2Audio Editing Functions (882)17.4Slicing a Sample (890)17.4.1Opening the Slice Page (891)17.4.2Adjusting the Slicing Settings (893)17.4.3Live Slicing (898)17.4.3.1Live Slicing Using the Controller (898)17.4.3.2Delete All Slices (899)17.4.4Manually Adjusting Your Slices (899)17.4.5Applying the Slicing (906)17.5Mapping Samples to Zones (912)17.5.1Opening the Zone Page (912)17.5.2Zone Page Overview (913)17.5.3Selecting and Managing Zones in the Zone List (915)17.5.4Selecting and Editing Zones in the Map View (920)17.5.5Editing Zones in the Sample View (924)17.5.6Adjusting the Zone Settings (927)17.5.7Adding Samples to the Sample Map (934)18Appendix: Tips for Playing Live (937)18.1Preparations (937)18.1.1Focus on the Hardware (937)18.1.2Customize the Pads of the Hardware (937)18.1.3Check Your CPU Power Before Playing (937)18.1.4Name and Color Your Groups, Patterns, Sounds and Scenes (938)18.1.5Consider Using a Limiter on Your Master (938)18.1.6Hook Up Your Other Gear and Sync It with MIDI Clock (938)18.1.7Improvise (938)18.2Basic Techniques (938)18.2.1Use Mute and Solo (938)18.2.2Use Scene Mode and Tweak the Loop Range (939)18.2.3Create Variations of Your Drum Patterns in the Step Sequencer (939)18.2.4Use Note Repeat (939)18.2.5Set Up Your Own Multi-effect Groups and Automate Them (939)18.3Special Tricks (940)18.3.1Changing Pattern Length for Variation (940)18.3.2Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (940)18.3.3Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (940)18.3.4Load Long Audio Files and Play with the Start Point (940)19Troubleshooting (941)19.1Knowledge Base (941)19.2Technical Support (941)19.3Registration Support (942)19.4User Forum (942)20Glossary (943)Index (951)1Welcome to MASCHINEThank you for buying MASCHINE!MASCHINE is a groove production studio that implements the familiar working style of classi-cal groove boxes along with the advantages of a computer based system. MASCHINE is ideal for making music live, as well as in the studio. It’s the hands-on aspect of a dedicated instru-ment, the MASCHINE hardware controller, united with the advanced editing features of the MASCHINE software.Creating beats is often not very intuitive with a computer, but using the MASCHINE hardware controller to do it makes it easy and fun. You can tap in freely with the pads or use Note Re-peat to jam along. Alternatively, build your beats using the step sequencer just as in classic drum machines.Patterns can be intuitively combined and rearranged on the fly to form larger ideas. You can try out several different versions of a song without ever having to stop the music.Since you can integrate it into any sequencer that supports VST, AU, or AAX plug-ins, you can reap the benefits in almost any software setup, or use it as a stand-alone application. You can sample your own material, slice loops and rearrange them easily.However, MASCHINE is a lot more than an ordinary groovebox or sampler: it comes with an inspiring 7-gigabyte library, and a sophisticated, yet easy to use tag-based Browser to give you instant access to the sounds you are looking for.What’s more, MASCHINE provides lots of options for manipulating your sounds via internal ef-fects and other sound-shaping possibilities. You can also control external MIDI hardware and 3rd-party software with the MASCHINE hardware controller, while customizing the functions of the pads, knobs and buttons according to your needs utilizing the included Controller Editor application. We hope you enjoy this fantastic instrument as much as we do. Now let’s get go-ing!—The MASCHINE team at Native Instruments.MASCHINE Documentation1.1MASCHINE DocumentationNative Instruments provide many information sources regarding MASCHINE. The main docu-ments should be read in the following sequence:1.MASCHINE Getting Started: This document provides a practical approach to MASCHINE viaa set of tutorials covering easy and more advanced tasks in order to help you familiarizeyourself with MASCHINE.2.MASCHINE Manual (this document): The MASCHINE Manual provides you with a compre-hensive description of all MASCHINE software and hardware features.Additional documentation sources provide you with details on more specific topics:▪Controller Editor Manual: Besides using your MASCHINE hardware controller together withits dedicated MASCHINE software, you can also use it as a powerful and highly versatileMIDI controller to pilot any other MIDI-capable application or device. This is made possibleby the Controller Editor software, an application that allows you to precisely define all MIDIassignments for your MASCHINE controller. The Controller Editor was installed during theMASCHINE installation procedure. For more information on this, please refer to the Con-troller Editor Manual available as a PDF file via the Help menu of Controller Editor.▪Online Support Videos: You can find a number of support videos on The Official Native In-struments Support Channel under the following URL: https:///NIsupport-EN. We recommend that you follow along with these instructions while the respective ap-plication is running on your computer.Other Online Resources:If you are experiencing problems related to your Native Instruments product that the supplied documentation does not cover, there are several ways of getting help:▪Knowledge Base▪User Forum▪Technical Support▪Registration SupportYou will find more information on these subjects in the chapter Troubleshooting.1.2Document ConventionsThis section introduces you to the signage and text highlighting used in this manual. This man-ual uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of potential issues. The icons introducing these notes let you see what kind of information is to be expected:This document uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of poten-tial issues. The icons introducing the following notes let you see what kind of information can be expected:Furthermore, the following formatting is used:▪Text appearing in (drop-down) menus (such as Open…, Save as… etc.) in the software and paths to locations on your hard disk or other storage devices is printed in italics.▪Text appearing elsewhere (labels of buttons, controls, text next to checkboxes etc.) in the software is printed in blue. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text appearing somewhere on the screen.▪Text appearing on the displays of the controller is printed in light grey. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text on a controller display.▪Text appearing on labels of the hardware controller is printed in orange. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text on the controller.▪Important names and concepts are printed in bold.▪References to keys on your computer’s keyboard you’ll find put in square brackets (e.g.,“Press [Shift] + [Enter]”).►Single instructions are introduced by this play button type arrow.→Results of actions are introduced by this smaller arrow.Naming ConventionThroughout the documentation we will refer to MASCHINE controller (or just controller) as the hardware controller and MASCHINE software as the software installed on your computer.The term “effect” will sometimes be abbreviated as “FX” when referring to elements in the MA-SCHINE software and hardware. These terms have the same meaning.Button Combinations and Shortcuts on Your ControllerMost instructions will use the “+” sign to indicate buttons (or buttons and pads) that must be pressed simultaneously, starting with the button indicated first. E.g., an instruction such as:“Press SHIFT + PLAY”means:1.Press and hold SHIFT.2.While holding SHIFT, press PLAY and release it.3.Release SHIFT.Unlabeled Buttons on the ControllerThe buttons and knobs above and below the displays on your MASCHINE controller do not have labels.。
新核心网开站步骤(精)
关于阿朗CDMA的IPBH基站的整合步骤主要目的：因目前新局使用的基站使用IPBH和以前的frame relay方式不同，添加了阿朗的路由交换机7750设备代替了5E同基站连接。
根据新局现场（软件是R31版）的测试经验，总结基站部分的内容，方便SUB-C工程师查阅和尽快上手，也为客户准备技术文档。
步骤简介：根据IPBH基站的特点，主要三个部分步骤：一，基站硬件安装调测二，基站和7750确认传输路由的配合步骤三，基站的数据添加一，基站硬件安装调测1)基站硬件安装完毕2) 基站用RMT调测基站背板参数，把Frame 转为PPP模式，主要是在RMT/boot memory parameter窗口中/trunk group controller parameter简称TGCP和initial link configuration parameter简称ILCP/ recall成RMT自带的配置文件/自己电脑中的RMT目录/config/1bts/IEH/BMP/中根据URC功能配置分1X和EVDO两种：1X的URC是/Voice/URC-URCII/E1/IPBH-Voice/CDM has its owner E1s/TGCP-CDM(1-5-9-13)-IPBH-E1-v4和/Voice/URC-URCII/E1/IPBH-Voice/CDM has its owner E1s/ILCP-CDM(1-5-9-13)-IPBH-E1-v4EVDO的URCII是EVDO/URC-URCII/E1/PPP-EVDO/CDM has its owner E1s/TGCP-CDM(2-6-10-14)-PPP-E1-v4和EVDO/URC-URCII/E1/PPP-EVDO/CDM has its owner E1s/ILCP-CDM(2-6-10-14)-PPP-E1-v4二，基站和7750确认传输路由的配合步骤1,7750加数据需要的条件：1)基站RCS号2)基站传输编号，主要基站每条传输E1是第几个155M（7750连接40条155M）的第几个时隙（每条155M有63个时隙），需要电信客户传输部门提供3)基站现场的E1先自环并和7750工程师配合断开测试确认E1正常2,在基站现场确认得到IP地址，网线连接到基站，telnet 192.168.168.16(第一块URC)或192.168.168.32(第二块URC)，执行下面的命令：用户名：lucent 密码：password自动出现背板参数击入：mlpppShow检查是否有MY IP和Primary DNS IP及Secondary DNS IP，这三个IP是7750配置的数据，必须全部是有IP地址的，如为0.0.0.0则基站信令不会起来的，需要联系7750工程师确认或添加数据。
r8s使用指南
r8s使用指南中国科学院植物研究所张金龙编译zhangjl@前言r8s是美国加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校的进化生物学家Mike Sanderson编写的用于估算进化树分化时间的软件，在进化生物学、分子生物地理学等学科有着广泛的应用，已经成为估算分化时间不可或缺的软件之一。
该软件中的一些方法如NPRS和PL是软件作者最先提出的，目前在同类的其他软件中还难以实现。
R8s的运行平台为MacOS和Linux，在国内应用的还不多，也难以找到中文的练习资料和说明。
本文基于当前版本r8s 1.7.1，参照其说明书，介绍该软件在Linux下的安装和操作，并对其模块的功能和选项进行简要的说明。
译者于北京香山2010年1月23日目录一r8s下载与安装 (1)下载 (1)安装 (1)1 在MacOS上 (1)2 在Linux上（以Ubuntu 9.0为例） (1)(1)下载源程序 (1)(2)解压缩 (1)(3) 源代码的编译 (1)注：g77编译器的安装 (1)3 Windows用户 (2)二程序运行 (2)1 在Linux中(Ubuntu linux 或PHYLIS) (2)2 在WindowXP中运行 (3)程序运行模式 (3)1 交互模式 (3)2 批处理模式 (3)三命令行说明 (4)blformat命令: 进化树的基本信息 (4)mrca命令为节点定名 (5)fixage命令：设定节点的分化时间 (5)constrain命令：限定节点的分化时间 (5)divtime 命令分化时间估算 (5)showage 显示分化时间和分化速率: (6)describe 显示进化树及树的说明 (6)set 命令 (7)calibrate 时间校对 (7)profile 从多个树中提取某个节点的信息 (7)rrlike 检验进化速率 (7)四数据处理过程中的建议 (7)关于进化模型的说明 (7)局部进化时间模型localmodel (7)对于获得时间的建议 (8)关于时间估算的bootstrap的方法 (8)改错 (8)五实例分析 (8)附录命令参考 (11)blformat (11)calibrate (11)cleartrees (11)collapse (11)constrain (11)describe (11)divtime (11)execute (12)fixage (12)localmodel (12)mrca (12)profile (12)prune (12)quit (12)reroot (12)rrlike (12)set (12)showage (13)unfixage (13)mrp (13)bd (14)一r8s下载与安装下载r8s的下载网址/r8s//r8s/r8s1.71.dist.tar.Z安装1 在MacOS上在MacOS上运行，在UNIX shell中运行已经编译好的可执行文件即可。
荧光定量PCR仪技术原理(罗氏)
5’
10
5
定量PCR原理
染料检测-SYBR Green I
Excitation
5’ 3’
SG SG
Emission
SG SG SG
3’ 5’
Roche Applied Science
11
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
Roche Applied Science
N： N0： N： E： 扩增产物量; 启始模板量; 循环数; 扩增效率 (0 E1)
log(1+E)n+logN0 -nlog(1+E) +logN
logN0=
Cp =n = －logN0/log(1+E) +logN/log(1+E) (Y=kX+b )
பைடு நூலகம்
结论：Cp值与模板起始浓度的负对数成线性关系
31
绝对定量：含内参照和标准品（ 双色检测）
Roche Applied Science
32
16
绝对定量（含内参照和标准品）-Summary
•
先决条件: 标准品是有已知浓度的目的基因 标准品与样本具有相同的PCR扩增效率
• 特别应用领域: Bacteriology, Virology • 优点: 结果可通过 LightCycler Software 3.53软件快速分析 可以质控PCR抑制剂的存在 (可靠的绝对定量值) • 局限性: 动力学范围较低 (approx. 3-5 magnitudes) 须使用双光检测（Hybridization Probe format ） 无法区分影响PCR扩增效率的因子？
SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit User Manual
SMARTer™ PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit User Manual Cat. Nos. 634925 & 634926United States/Canada 800.662.2566Asia Pacific +1.650.919.7300Europe +33.(0)1.3904.6880Japan +81.(0)77.543.6116SMART er™ PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit User ManualT able of ContentsI. List of Components (3)II. Additional Materials Required (4)III. Introduction & Protocol Overview (5)IV. RNA Preparation & Handling (7)A. General Precautions (7)B. RNA Isolation (7)C. RNA Purity (8)D. Assessing the Quality of the RNA Template (8)V. SMART er cDNA Synthesis (9)A. General Considerations (10)B. PRoToCol: First-Strand cDNA Synthesis (10)C. PRoToCol: cDNA Amplification by lD PCR (12)VI. Analysis of cDNA Amplification Results (16)VII. T roubleshooting Guide (17)VIII. References (18)Appendix A: Protocols for PCR-Select™ (19)A. Additional Materials Required (19)B. PRoToCol: cDNA Amplification by lD PCR (19)C. PRoToCol: Column Chromatography (22)D. PRoToCol: RsaI Digestion (23)E. PRoToCol: Purification of Digested cDNA (23)F. Controls for PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction (25)G. Analysis of Results of SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis for PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction (25)H. T roubleshooting (27)Appendix B: Virtual Northern Blots (28)Appendix C: Protocol for Non-Directional Cloning of SMART er cDNA (29)A. Additional Materials Required (29)B. PRoToCol: ds cDNA Polishing (29)List of FiguresFigure 1. Flowchart of SMARTer cDNA synthesis (5)Figure 2. Guide to using the SMARTer cDNA synthesis protocol for PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction,Virtual Northerns, Non-Directional Cloning & library Construction, and other applications. (9)Figure 3. optimizing PCR parameters for SMARTer cDNA synthesis. (15)Figure 4. Analysis for optimizing PCR parameters (16)Figure 5. optimizing PCR parameters for SMARTer cDNA synthesis for use withClontech PCR-Select (21)Figure 6. Virtual Northern blot analysis of cDNA fragments expressed in cells producing γ-globin. (28)List of T ablesTable I: Guidelines for Setting Up PCR Reactions (12)Table II: Cycling Guidelines Based on Starting Material (13)Table III: T roubleshooting Guide for First-Strand cDNA Synthesis & SMARTer PCR Amplification (17)Table IV: T roubleshooting Guide for Preparing SMARTer cDNA for Subtraction (27)SMART er™ PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit User Manual I. List of ComponentsSMART er PCR cDNA Synthesis KitCat. No.Cat. No. 634925634926 10 rxns20 rxns Box 110 µl20 µl • SMART er II A Oligonucleotide (12 µM)5'–AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGTACXXXXX–3' Rsa I(X = undisclosed base in the proprietary SMARTer oligo sequence) 5 µl5 µl • Control Mouse Liver T otal RNA (1 µg/µl)Box 210 µl20 µl • 3’ SMART CDS Primer II A (12 µM)5’–AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAGTACT (30)N -1N–3’Rsa I (N = A, C, G, or T ; N -1 = A, G, or C)200 µl 400 µl • 5’ PCR Primer II A (12 µM)40 µl 80 µl • 5X First-Strand Buffer (RNase-Free)250 mM T ris-HCl (pH 8.3)375 mM KCl30 mM MgCl 2100 µl 200 µl • dNTP Mix (dATP , dCTP , dGTP , and dTTP , each at 10 mM)50 µl 50 µl • Dithiothreitol (DTT ; 100 mM)10 µl 10 µl • RNase Inhibitor (40 U/µl)12 µl 25 µl • SMARTScribe™ Reverse T ranscriptase (100 U/µl)1 ml 1 ml • Deionized H 2O Box 310 20 • CHROMA SPIN™+TE-1000 ColumnsStorage ConditionsStore Control Mouse Liver T otal RNA and SMARTer II A Oligonucleotide at –70°C.• Store the CHROMA SPIN +TE-1000 Columns at room temperature.• Store all other reagents at –20°C.• Licensing InformationFor important information about the use of SMART technology, please see the Notice to Purchaser at theend of this user manual.要稀释本页已使用福昕阅读器进行编辑。
NanoString质量控制仪表板版本2.0.5说明书
Package‘NACHO’August7,2023Type PackageTitle NanoString Quality Control DashboardVersion2.0.5Description NanoString nCounter data are gene expression assayswhere there is no need for the use of enzymes or amplificationprotocols and work withfluorescent barcodes(Geiss et al.(2018)<doi:10.1038/nbt1385>).Each barcode is assigned amessenger-RNA/micro-RNA(mRNA/miRNA)which after bonding with itstarget can be counted.As a result each count of a specific barcoderepresents the presence of its target mRNA/miRNA.'NACHO'(NAnoStringquality Control dasHbOard)is able to analyse the exported NanoStringnCounter data and facilitates the user in performing a qualitycontrol.'NACHO'does this by visualising quality control metrics,expression of control genes,principal components and sample specificsize factors in an interactive web application.License GPL-3URL https:///mcanouil/NACHO/,https://m.canouil.dev/NACHO/ BugReports https:///mcanouil/NACHO/issuesDepends R(>=3.6.0)Imports utils,data.table,ggplot2(>=3.3.0),ggforce(>=0.3.1),ggrepel(>=0.8.1),knitr(>=1.25),rmarkdown(>=1.16),shiny(>=1.4.0),shinyWidgets(>=0.4.9)Suggests roxygen2(>=7.2.0),testthat(>=2.2.1),covr(>=3.3.2),Biobase,GEOquery,limmaVignetteBuilder knitrEncoding UTF-8LazyData trueRoxygenNote7.2.3SystemRequirements pandoc(>=1.12.3),pandoc-citeprocConfig/testthat/edition31NeedsCompilation noAuthor Mickaël Canouil[aut,cre](<https:///0000-0002-3396-4549>), Roderick Slieker[aut](<https:///0000-0003-0961-9152>),Gerard Bouland[aut]Maintainer Mickaël Canouil<*******************.dev>Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-08-0719:30:09UTCR topics documented:autoplot.nacho (2)check_outliers (4)deploy (4)GSE74821 (5)load_rcc (5)normalise (7)print.nacho (10)render (12)visualise (13)Index15 autoplot.nacho Plot quality-control metrics and thresholds of a"nacho"objectDescriptionThis function allows to plot any qualit-controlfigures available within the shiny app using visualise() or in the HTML report from render().Usage##S3method for class nachoautoplot(object,x,colour="CartridgeID",size=0.5,show_legend=TRUE,show_outliers=TRUE,outliers_factor=1,outliers_labels=NULL,...)Argumentsobject[list]List obtained from load_rcc()or normalise().x[character]Character string naming the quality-control metrics to plot from nacho_object.The possible values are:•"BD"(Binding Density)•"FoV"(Imaging)•"PCL"(Positive Control Linearity)•"LoD"(Limit of Detection)•"Positive"(Positive Controls)•"Negative"(Negative Controls)•"Housekeeping"(Housekeeping Genes)•"PN"(Positive Controls vs.Negative Controls)•"ACBD"(Average Counts vs.Binding Density)•"ACMC"(Average Counts vs.Median Counts)•"PCA12"(Principal Component1vs.2)•"PCAi"(Principal Component scree plot)•"PCA"(Principal Components planes)•"PFNF"(Positive Factor vs.Negative Factor)•"HF"(Housekeeping Factor)•"NORM"(Normalisation Factor)colour[character]Character string of the column in ssheet_csv or more generally in nacho_object$nacho to be used as grouping colour.size[numeric]A numeric controlling point size(ggplot2::geom_point()or line size(ggplot2::geom_line()).show_legend[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the plot legends should be plotted(TRUE) or not(FALSE).Default is TRUE.show_outliers[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the outliers should be highlighted in red (TRUE)or not(FALSE).Default is TRUE.outliers_factor[numeric]Size factor for outliers compared to size.Default is1.outliers_labels[character]Character to indicate which column in nacho_object$nacho shouldbe used to be printed as the labels for outliers or not.Default is NULL....Other arguments(Not used).Examplesdata(GSE74821)autoplot(GSE74821,x="BD")4deploy check_outliers Annotate a"nacho"object for outliersDescriptionAdd or update"is_outlier"column in the"nacho"field of an object from a call to load_rcc() or normalise()(nacho_object$nacho),using the current quality-control thresholds.Usagecheck_outliers(nacho_object)Argumentsnacho_object[list]A list object of class"nacho"obtained from load_rcc()or normalise(). ValueA[list]object of class"nacho".Examplesdata(GSE74821)nacho_object<-check_outliers(GSE74821)head(nacho_object$nacho)deploy Deploy(copy)the shiny application to the specified directoryDescriptionDeploy(copy)the shiny application to the specified directoryUsagedeploy(directory="/srv/shiny-server",app_name="NACHO")Argumentsdirectory[character]A character vector of one path to the new location.app_name[character]A character vector defining the shiny application name in the new location.GSE748215 Value[logical]A logical indicating whether the deployment is successfull(TRUE)or not(FALSE). Examplesdeploy(directory=".")if(interactive()){shiny::runApp("NACHO")}GSE74821A"nacho"object containing20samples of GSE74821datasetDescriptionNanoString nCounter RUO-PAM50Gene Expression Custom CodeSetUsageGSE74821FormatA[list]object of class"nacho".SourceGSE74821load_rcc Produce a"nacho"object from RCC NanoStringfilesDescriptionThis function is used to preprocess the data from NanoString nCounter.6load_rccUsageload_rcc(data_directory,ssheet_csv,id_colname=NULL,housekeeping_genes=NULL,housekeeping_predict=FALSE,housekeeping_norm=TRUE,normalisation_method="GEO",n_comp=10)Argumentsdata_directory[character]A character string of the directory where the data are stored.ssheet_csv[character]or[data.frame]Either a string with the name of the CSV of the sam-plesheet or the samplesheet as a data.frame.Should contain a column thatmatches thefile names in the folder.id_colname[character]Character string of the column in ssheet_csv that matches thefile names in data_directory.housekeeping_genes[character]A vector of names of the miRNAs/mRNAs that should be used ashousekeeping genes.Default is NULL.housekeeping_predict[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the housekeeping genes should be pre-dicted(TRUE)or not(FALSE).Default is FALSE.housekeeping_norm[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the housekeeping normalisation should beperformed.Default is TRUE.normalisation_method[character]Either"GEO"or"GLM".Character string to indicate normalisation us-ing the geometric mean("GEO")or a generalized linear model("GLM").Defaultis"GEO".n_comp[numeric]Number indicating the number of principal components to compute.Cannot be more than n-1samples.Default is10.Value[list]A list object of class"nacho":access[character]Value passed to load_rcc()in id_colname.housekeeping_genes[character]Value passed to load_rcc().housekeeping_predict[logical]Value passed to load_rcc().housekeeping_norm[logical]Value passed to load_rcc().normalisation_method[character]Value passed to load_rcc().remove_outliers[logical]FALSE.n_comp[numeric]Value passed to load_rcc().data_directory[character]Value passed to load_rcc().pc_sum[data.frame]A data.frame with n_comp rows and four columns:"Standard deviation", "Proportion of Variance","Cumulative Proportion"and"PC".nacho[data.frame]A data.frame with all columns from the sample sheet ssheet_csv and all computed columns,i.e.,quality-control metrics and counts,with one sample per row.outliers_thresholds[list]A list of the(default)quality-control thresholds used. Examplesif(interactive()){library(GEOquery)library(NACHO)#Import data from GEOgse<-GEOquery::getGEO(GEO="GSE74821")targets<-Biobase::pData(Biobase::phenoData(gse[[1]]))GEOquery::getGEOSuppFiles(GEO="GSE74821",baseDir=tempdir())utils::untar(tarfile=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","GSE74821_RAW.tar"),exdir=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"))targets$IDFILE<-list.files(path=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"),pattern=".RCC.gz$")targets[]<-lapply(X=targets,FUN=iconv,from="latin1",to="ASCII")utils::write.csv(x=targets,file=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","Samplesheet.csv"))#Read RCC files and formatnacho<-load_rcc(data_directory=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"),ssheet_csv=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","Samplesheet.csv"),id_colname="IDFILE")}normalise(re)Normalise a"nacho"objectDescriptionThis function creates a list in which your settings,the raw counts and normalised counts are stored, using the result from a call to load_rcc().Usagenormalise(nacho_object,housekeeping_genes=nacho_object[["housekeeping_genes"]],housekeeping_predict=nacho_object[["housekeeping_predict"]],housekeeping_norm=nacho_object[["housekeeping_norm"]],normalisation_method=nacho_object[["normalisation_method"]],n_comp=nacho_object[["n_comp"]],remove_outliers=nacho_object[["remove_outliers"]],outliers_thresholds=nacho_object[["outliers_thresholds"]])Argumentsnacho_object[list]A list object of class"nacho"obtained from load_rcc()or normalise().housekeeping_genes[character]A vector of names of the miRNAs/mRNAs that should be used ashousekeeping genes.Default is NULL.housekeeping_predict[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the housekeeping genes should be pre-dicted(TRUE)or not(FALSE).Default is FALSE.housekeeping_norm[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the housekeeping normalisation should beperformed.Default is TRUE.normalisation_method[character]Either"GEO"or"GLM".Character string to indicate normalisation us-ing the geometric mean("GEO")or a generalized linear model("GLM").Defaultis"GEO".n_comp[numeric]Number indicating the number of principal components to compute.Cannot be more than n-1samples.Default is10.remove_outliers[logical]A boolean to indicate if outliers should be excluded.outliers_thresholds[list]List of thresholds to exclude outliers.DetailsOutliers definition(remove_outliers=TRUE):•Binding Density(BD)<0.1•Binding Density(BD)>2.25•Field of View(FoV)<75•Positive Control Linearity(PCL)<0.95•Limit of Detection(LoD)<2•Positive normalisation factor(Positive_factor)<0.25•Positive normalisation factor(Positive_factor)>4•Housekeeping normalisation factor(house_factor)<1/11•Housekeeping normalisation factor(house_factor)>11Value[list]A list containing parameters and data.access[character]Value passed to load_rcc()in id_colname.housekeeping_genes[character]Value passed to load_rcc()or normalise().housekeeping_predict[logical]Value passed to load_rcc().housekeeping_norm[logical]Value passed to load_rcc()or normalise().normalisation_method[character]Value passed to load_rcc()or normalise().remove_outliers[logical]Value passed to normalise().n_comp[numeric]Value passed to load_rcc().data_directory[character]Value passed to load_rcc().pc_sum[data.frame]A data.frame with n_comp rows and four columns:"Standard deviation", "Proportion of Variance","Cumulative Proportion"and"PC".nacho[data.frame]A data.frame with all columns from the sample sheet ssheet_csv and all computed columns,i.e.,quality-control metrics and counts,with one sample per row.outliers_thresholds[list]A list of the quality-control thresholds used.raw_counts[data.frame]Raw counts with probes as rows and samples as columns.With"CodeClass"(first column),the type of the probes and"Name"(second column),the Name of the probes.normalised_counts[data.frame]Normalised counts with probes as rows and samples as columns.With"CodeClass"(first column)),the type of the probes and"Name"(second column),thename of the probes.Examplesdata(GSE74821)GSE74821_norm<-normalise(nacho_object=GSE74821,housekeeping_norm=TRUE,normalisation_method="GEO",remove_outliers=TRUE)if(interactive()){library(GEOquery)library(NACHO)#Import data from GEOgse<-GEOquery::getGEO(GEO="GSE74821")targets<-Biobase::pData(Biobase::phenoData(gse[[1]]))GEOquery::getGEOSuppFiles(GEO="GSE74821",baseDir=tempdir())10print.nacho utils::untar(tarfile=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","GSE74821_RAW.tar"),exdir=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"))targets$IDFILE<-list.files(path=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"),pattern=".RCC.gz$")targets[]<-lapply(X=targets,FUN=iconv,from="latin1",to="ASCII")utils::write.csv(x=targets,file=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","Samplesheet.csv"))#Read RCC files and formatnacho<-load_rcc(data_directory=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"),ssheet_csv=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","Samplesheet.csv"),id_colname="IDFILE")#(re)Normalise data by removing outliersnacho_norm<-normalise(nacho_object=nacho,remove_outliers=TRUE)#(re)Normalise data with"GLM"method and removing outliersnacho_norm<-normalise(nacho_object=nacho,normalisation_method="GLM",remove_outliers=TRUE)}print.nacho Print method for"nacho"objectDescriptionThis function allows to print text andfigures from the results of a call to load_rcc()or normalise().It is intended to be used in a Rmarkdown chunk.Usage##S3method for class nachoprint(x,colour="CartridgeID",print.nacho11 size=0.5,show_legend=FALSE,show_outliers=TRUE,outliers_factor=1,outliers_labels=NULL,echo=FALSE,title_level=1,xaringan=FALSE,...)Argumentsx[list]A list object of class"nacho"obtained from load_rcc()or normalise().colour[character]Character string of the column in ssheet_csv or more generally in nacho_object$nacho to be used as grouping colour.size[numeric]A numeric controlling point size(ggplot2::geom_point()or line size(ggplot2::geom_line()).show_legend[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the plot legends should be plotted(TRUE) or not(FALSE).Default is TRUE.show_outliers[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the outliers should be highlighted in red (TRUE)or not(FALSE).Default is TRUE.outliers_factor[numeric]Size factor for outliers compared to size.Default is1.outliers_labels[character]Character to indicate which column in nacho_object$nacho shouldbe used to be printed as the labels for outliers or not.Default is NULL.echo[logical]A boolean to indicate whether text and plots should be printed.Mainly for use within a Rmarkdown chunk.title_level[numeric]A numeric to indicate the title level to start with,using markdown style,i.e.,the number of"#".xaringan[logical]A boolean to format output for Xaringan slides....Other arguments(Not used).Examplesdata(GSE74821)print(GSE74821)12render render Render a HTML report of a"nacho"objectDescriptionThis function create a Rmarkdown script and render it as a HTML document.The HTML document is a quality-control report using all the metrics from visualise()based on recommendations from NanoString.Usagerender(nacho_object,colour="CartridgeID",output_file="NACHO_QC.html",output_dir=".",size=1,show_legend=TRUE,show_outliers=TRUE,outliers_factor=1,outliers_labels=NULL,clean=TRUE)Argumentsnacho_object[list]A list object of class"nacho"obtained from load_rcc()or normalise().colour[character]Character string of the column in ssheet_csv or more generally in nacho_object$nacho to be used as grouping colour.output_file[character]The name of the outputfile.output_dir[character]The output directory for the rendered output_file.This allows for a choice of an alternate directory to which the outputfile should be written(thedefault output directory is the working directory,i.e.,.).If a path is providedwith afilename in output_file the directory specified here will take prece-dence.Please note that any directory path provided will create any necessarydirectories if they do not exist.size[numeric]A numeric controlling point size(ggplot2::geom_point()or line size(ggplot2::geom_line()).show_legend[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the plot legends should be plotted(TRUE) or not(FALSE).Default is TRUE.show_outliers[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the outliers should be highlighted in red (TRUE)or not(FALSE).Default is TRUE.outliers_factor[numeric]Size factor for outliers compared to size.Default is1.outliers_labels[character]Character to indicate which column in nacho_object$nacho shouldbe used to be printed as the labels for outliers or not.Default is NULL.clean[logical]Boolean to indicate whether the Rmd and Rdatafile used to produce the HTML report are removed from output_dir.Default is TRUE.Examplesif(interactive()){data(GSE74821)render(GSE74821)}visualise Visualise quality-control metrics of a"nacho"objectDescriptionThis function allows to visualise results from load_rcc()or normalise()several quality-control metrics in an interactive shiny application,in which thresholds can be customised and exported.Usagevisualise(nacho_object)Argumentsnacho_object[list]A list object of class"nacho"obtained from load_rcc()or normalise(). Examplesif(interactive()){data(GSE74821)#Must be run in an interactive R session!visualise(GSE74821)}if(interactive()){library(GEOquery)library(NACHO)#Import data from GEOgse<-GEOquery::getGEO(GEO="GSE74821")targets<-Biobase::pData(Biobase::phenoData(gse[[1]]))GEOquery::getGEOSuppFiles(GEO="GSE74821",baseDir=tempdir())utils::untar(tarfile=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","GSE74821_RAW.tar"),exdir=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"))targets$IDFILE<-list.files(path=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"),pattern=".RCC.gz$")targets[]<-lapply(X=targets,FUN=iconv,from="latin1",to="ASCII") utils::write.csv(x=targets,file=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","Samplesheet.csv"))#Read RCC files and formatnacho<-load_rcc(data_directory=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821"),ssheet_csv=file.path(tempdir(),"GSE74821","Samplesheet.csv"),id_colname="IDFILE")visualise(nacho)#(re)Normalise data by removing outliersnacho_norm<-normalise(nacho_object=nacho,remove_outliers=TRUE)visualise(nacho_norm)#(re)Normalise data with"GLM"method and removing outliersnacho_norm<-normalise(nacho_object=nacho,normalisation_method="GLM",remove_outliers=TRUE)visualise(nacho_norm)}Index∗datasetsGSE74821,5autoplot.nacho,2character,3,4,6–9,11–13check_outliers,4data.frame,6,7,9deploy,4ggplot2::geom_line(),3,11,12ggplot2::geom_point(),3,11,12GSE74821,5list,3–9,11–13load_rcc,5load_rcc(),3,4,6–13logical,3,5,6,8,9,11–13normalise,7normalise(),3,4,8–13normalize(normalise),7numeric,3,6–9,11,12print.nacho,10render,12render(),2visualise,13visualise(),2,12visualize(visualise),1315。
【浙江省自然科学基金】_技术特点_期刊发文热词逐年推荐_20140811
椭圆齿轮传动 森林保护学 检测系统 桨叶 标记化学 栅格 果树 板片空间结构 松毛虫脊茧蜂 服装行业 有限元法 有效性 显微红外成像技术 时空数据管理 无线视频传感阵列 无线自组织网络 无线监控 无线城域网 无线传感网络 无线传感器网络 无向图 旋转式分插机构 旋扩珠盘桩 旅游资源 数据库水印 数据 数字高程模型 数字图书馆 政策工具 掺杂 推力 探地雷达 挤扩支盘桩 挤密效应 拥塞控制 拟除虫菊酯 抽样定理 抛石层探测 抛光垫 感器 悬浮力 恒流功放 快速成形 微粒 微球 微囊 形态 形式与分类 应用层协议 干扰抑制 嵌入式系统 嵌件 岩石力学 层次分析法
107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
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TD信息元素详解
信息元素功能性定义作者：李欣目录目录 (1)信息元素功能性定义 (11)1 核心网信息元素 (11)1.1 CN Information elements (11)1.2 CN Domain System Information (11)1.3 CN Information info (11)1.4 IMEI (11)1.5 IMSI (GSM-MAP) (11)1.6 Intra Domain NAS Node Selector (11)1.7 Location Area Identification (12)1.8 NAS message (12)1.9 NAS system information (GSM-MAP) (12)1.10 Paging record type identifier (12)1.11 PLMN identity (12)1.12 PLMN Type (12)1.13 P-TMSI (GSM-MAP) (12)1.14 RAB identity (12)1.15 Routing Area Code (12)1.16 Routing Area Identification (13)1.17 TMSI (GSM-MAP) (13)2 UTRAN 移动信息元素 (13)2.1 Cell Access Restriction (13)2.2 Cell identity (13)2.3 Cell selection and re-selection info for SIB3/4 (13)2.4 Cell selection and re-selection info for SIB11/12 (13)2.5 Mapping Info (14)2.6 URA identity (14)3 UE 信息元素 (14)3.1 Activation time (14)3.2 Capability Update Requirement (14)3.3 Cell update cause (15)3.4 Ciphering Algorithm (15)3.5 Ciphering mode info (15)3.6 CN domain specific DRX cycle length coefficient (15)3.7 CPCH Parameters (15)3.8 C-RNTI (15)3.9 DRAC system information (15)3.10 Void (16)3.11 Establishment cause (16)3.12 Expiration Time Factor (16)3.13 Failure cause (16)3.14 Failure cause and error information (16)3.15 Initial UE identity (16)3.16 Integrity check info (16)3.17 Integrity protection activation info (17)3.18 Integrity protection Algorithm (17)3.19 Integrity protection mode info (17)3.20 Maximum bit rate (17)3.21 Measurement capability (17)3.22 Paging cause (17)3.23 Paging record (17)3.24 PDCP capability (17)3.25 Physical channel capability (18)3.26 Protocol error cause (18)3.27 Protocol error indicator (18)3.28 RB timer indicator (18)3.29 Redirection info (18)3.30 Re-establishment timer (18)3.31 Rejection cause (18)3.32 Release cause (18)3.33 RF capability FDD (19)3.34 RLC capability (19)3.35 RLC re-establish indicator (19)3.36 RRC transaction identifier (19)3.37 Security capability (19)3.38 START (19)3.39 Transmission probability (19)3.40 Transport channel capability (20)3.41 UE multi-mode/multi-RAT capability (20)3.42 UE radio access capability (20)3.43 UE Timers and Constants in connected mode (21)3.44 UE Timers and Constants in idle mode (21)3.45 UE positioning capability (21)3.46 URA update cause (21)3.47 U-RNTI (21)3.48 U-RNTI Short (21)3.49 UTRAN DRX cycle length coefficient (21)3.50 Wait time (21)3.51 UE Specific Behavior Information 1 idle (21)3.52 UE Specific Behavior Information 1 interRAT (22)4 无线承载信息元素 (22)4.0 Default configuration identity (22)4.1 Downlink RLC STATUS info (22)4.2 PDCP info (22)4.3 PDCP SN info (22)4.4 Polling info (22)4.5 Predefined configuration identity (23)4.6 Predefined configuration value tag (23)4.7 Predefined RB configuration (23)4.8 RAB info (23)4.9 RAB info Post (23)4.10 RAB information for setup (23)4.11 RAB information to reconfigure (24)4.12 NAS Synchronization indicator (24)4.13 RB activation time info (24)4.14 RB COUNT-C MSB information (24)4.15 RB COUNT-C information (24)4.16 RB identity (24)4.17 RB information to be affected (24)4.18 RB information to reconfigure (25)4.19 RB information to release (25)4.20 RB information to setup (25)4.21 RB mapping info (25)4.22 RB with PDCP information (25)4.23 RLC info (25)4.24 Signaling RB information to setup (26)4.25 Transmission RLC Discard (26)5 传输信道信息元素 (26)5.1 Added or Reconfigured DL TrCH information (26)5.2 Added or Reconfigured UL TrCH information (27)5.3 CPCH set ID (27)5.4 Deleted DL TrCH information (27)5.5 Deleted UL TrCH information (27)5.6 DL Transport channel information common for all transport channels (27)5.7 DRAC Static Information (27)5.8 Power Offset Information (28)5.9 Predefined TrCH configuration (28)5.10 Quality Target (28)5.11 Semi-static Transport Format Information (28)5.12 TFCI Field 2 Information (28)5.13 TFCS Explicit Configuration (28)5.14 TFCS Information for DSCH (TFCI range method) (29)5.15 TFCS Reconfiguration/Addition Information (29)5.16 TFCS Removal Information (29)5.17 Void (29)5.18 Transport channel identity (29)5.19 Transport Format Combination (TFC) (29)5.20 Transport Format Combination Set (29)5.21 Transport Format Combination Set Identity (29)5.22 Transport Format Combination Subset (29)5.23 Transport Format Set (29)5.24 UL Transport channel information common for all transport channels (30)6 物理信道信息元素 (30)6.1 AC-to-ASC mapping (30)6.2 AICH Info (30)6.3 AICH Power offset (30)6.4 Allocation period info (30)6.5 Alpha (30)6.6 ASC Setting (30)6.7 Void (31)6.8 CCTrCH power control info (31)6.9 Cell parameters Id (31)6.10 Common timeslot info (31)6.11 Constant value (31)6.12 CPCH persistence levels (31)6.13 CPCH set info (31)6.14 CPCH Status Indication mode (31)6.15 CSICH Power offset (32)6.16 Default DPCH Offset Value (32)6.17 Downlink channelisation codes (32)6.18 Downlink DPCH info common for all RL (32)6.19 Downlink DPCH info common for all RL Post (32)6.20 Downlink DPCH info common for all RL Pre (32)6.21 Downlink DPCH info for each RL (32)6.22 Downlink DPCH info for each RL Post (33)6.23 Downlink DPCH power control information (33)6.24 Downlink information common for all radio links (33)6.25 Downlink information common for all radio links Post (33)6.26 Downlink information common for all radio links Pre (33)6.27 Downlink information for each radio link (33)6.28 Downlink information for each radio link Post (33)6.29 Void (33)6.30 Downlink PDSCH information (33)6.31 Downlink rate matching restriction information (34)6.32 Downlink Timeslots and Codes (34)6.33 DPCH compressed mode info (34)6.34 DPCH Compressed Mode Status Info (34)6.35 Dynamic persistence level (34)6.36 Frequency info (34)6.37 Individual timeslot info (35)6.38 Individual Timeslot interference (35)6.39 Maximum allowed UL TX power (35)6.40 Void (35)6.41 Midamble shift and burst type (35)6.42 PDSCH Capacity Allocation info (35)6.43 PDSCH code mapping (36)6.44 PDSCH info (36)6.45 PDSCH Power Control info (36)6.46 PDSCH system information (36)6.47 PDSCH with SHO DCH Info (36)6.48 Persistence scaling factors (36)6.49 PICH Info (36)6.50 PICH Power offset (37)6.51 PRACH Channelisation Code List (37)6.52 PRACH info (for RACH) (37)6.53 PRACH partitioning (37)6.54 PRACH power offset (37)6.55 PRACH system information list (37)6.56 Predefined PhyCH configuration (38)6.57 Primary CCPCH info (38)6.58 Primary CCPCH info post (38)6.59 Primary CCPCH TX Power (38)6.60 Primary CPICH info (38)6.61 Primary CPICH Tx power (38)6.62 Primary CPICH usage for channel estimation (38)6.63 PUSCH info (38)6.64 PUSCH Capacity Allocation info (38)6.65 PUSCH power control info (39)6.66 PUSCH system information (39)6.67 RACH transmission parameters (39)6.68 Radio link addition information (39)6.69 Radio link removal information (39)6.70 SCCPCH Information for FACH (39)6.71 Secondary CCPCH info (39)6.72 Secondary CCPCH system information (40)6.73 Secondary CPICH info (40)6.74 Secondary scrambling code (40)6.75 SFN Time info (40)6.76 SSDT cell identity (40)6.77 SSDT information (40)6.78 STTD indicator (40)6.79 TDD open loop power control (41)6.80 TFC Control duration (41)6.81 TFCI Combining Indicator (41)6.82 TGPSI (41)6.83 Time info (41)6.84 Timeslot number (41)6.85 TPC combination index (41)6.86 TSTD indicator (41)6.87 TX Diversity Mode (41)6.88 Uplink DPCH info (41)6.89 Uplink DPCH info Post (42)6.90 Uplink DPCH info Pre (42)6.91 Uplink DPCH power control info (42)6.92 Uplink DPCH power control info Post (42)6.93 Uplink DPCH power control info Pre (42)6.94 Uplink Timeslots and Codes (42)6.95 Uplink Timing Advance (42)6.96 Uplink Timing Advance Control (43)7 测量信息元素 (43)7.1 Additional measurements list (43)7.2 Cell info (43)7.3 Cell measured results (43)7.4 Cell measurement event results (44)7.5 Cell reporting quantities (44)7.6 Cell synchronization information (44)7.7 Event results (44)7.8 FACH measurement occasion info (45)7.9 Filter coefficient (45)7.10 HCS Cell re-selection information (45)7.11 HCS neighboring cell information (45)7.12 HCS Serving cell information (45)7.13 Inter-frequency cell info list (46)7.14 Inter-frequency event identity (46)7.15 Inter-frequency measured results list (46)7.16 Inter-frequency measurement (46)7.17 Inter-frequency measurement event results (47)7.18 Inter-frequency measurement quantity (47)7.19 Inter-frequency measurement reporting criteria (47)7.20 Inter-frequency measurement system information (47)7.21 Inter-frequency reporting quantity (47)7.22 Inter-frequency SET UPDATE (48)7.23 Inter-RAT cell info list (48)7.24 Inter-RAT event identity (48)7.25 Inter-RAT info (48)7.26 Inter-RAT measured results list (48)7.27 Inter-RAT measurement (49)7.28 Inter-RAT measurement event results (49)7.29 Inter-RAT measurement quantity (49)7.30 Inter-RAT measurement reporting criteria (49)7.31 Inter-RAT measurement system information (50)7.32 Inter-RAT reporting quantity (50)7.33 Intra-frequency cell info list (50)7.34 Intra-frequency event identity (50)7.35 Intra-frequency measured results list (50)7.36 Intra-frequency measurement (50)7.37 Intra-frequency measurement event results (51)7.38 Intra-frequency measurement quantity (51)7.39 Intra-frequency measurement reporting criteria (51)7.40 Intra-frequency measurement system information (51)7.41 Intra-frequency reporting quantity (52)7.42 Intra-frequency reporting quantity for RACH reporting (52)7.43 Maximum number of reported cells on RACH (52)7.44 Measured results (52)7.45 Measured results on RACH (52)7.46 Measurement Command (52)7.47 Measurement control system information (53)7.48 Measurement Identity (53)7.49 Measurement reporting mode (53)7.50 Measurement Type (53)7.51 Measurement validity (53)7.52 Observed time difference to GSM cell (53)7.53 Periodical reporting criteria (53)7.54 Primary CCPCH RSCP info (54)7.55 Quality measured results list (54)7.56 Quality measurement (54)7.57 Quality measurement event results (54)7.58 Quality measurement reporting criteria (54)7.59 Quality reporting quantity (54)7.60 Reference time difference to cell (54)7.61 Reporting Cell Status (55)7.62 Reporting information for state CELL_DCH (55)7.63 SFN-SFN observed time difference (55)7.64 Time to trigger (55)7.65 Timeslot ISCP info (55)7.66 Traffic volume event identity (55)7.67 Traffic volume measured results list (55)7.68 Traffic volume measurement (55)7.69 Traffic volume measurement event results (56)7.70 Traffic volume measurement object (56)7.71 Traffic volume measurement quantity (56)7.72 Traffic volume measurement reporting criteria (56)7.73 Traffic volume measurement system information (56)7.74 Traffic volume reporting quantity (56)7.75 UE internal event identity (56)7.76 UE internal measured results (57)7.77 UE internal measurement (57)7.78 UE internal measurement event results (57)7.79 UE internal measurement quantity (57)7.80 UE internal measurement reporting criteria (57)7.81 Void (58)7.82 UE Internal reporting quantity (58)7.83 UE Rx-Tx time difference type 1 (58)7.84 UE Rx-Tx time difference type 2 (58)7.85 UE Transmitted Power info (58)7.86 UE positioning Ciphering info (58)7.87 UE positioning Error (58)7.88 UE positioning GPS acquisition assistance (59)7.89 UE positioning GPS almanac (59)7.90 UE positioning GPS assistance data (59)7.91 UE positioning GPS DGPS corrections (59)7.92 UE positioning GPS ionospheric model (59)7.93 UE positioning GPS measured results (59)7.94 UE positioning GPS navigation model (60)7.95 UE positioning GPS real-time integrity (60)7.96 UE positioning GPS reference time (60)7.97 UE positioning GPS UTC model (61)7.98 UE positioning IPDL parameters (61)7.99 UE positioning measured results (61)7.100 UE positioning measurement (61)7.101 UE positioning measurement event results (61)7.102 Void (62)7.103 UE positioning OTDOA assistance data for UE-assisted (62)7.104 Void (62)7.105 UE positioning OTDOA measured results (62)7.106 UE positioning OTDOA neighbor cell info (62)7.107 UE positioning OTDOA quality (63)7.108 UE positioning OTDOA reference cell info (63)7.109 UE positioning position estimate info (64)7.110 UE positioning reporting criteria (64)7.111 UE positioning reporting quantity (64)7.112 T ADV info (65)8 其它信息元素 (65)8.1 BCCH modification info (65)8.2 BSIC (65)8.3 CBS DRX Level 1 information (65)8.4 Cell Value tag (65)8.5 Inter-RAT change failure (65)8.6 Inter-RAT handover failure (66)8.7 Inter-RAT UE radio access capability (66)8.8 Void (66)8.9 MIB Value tag (66)8.10 PLMN Value tag (66)8.11 Predefined configuration identity and value tag (66)8.12 Protocol error information (66)8.13 References to other system information blocks (66)8.14 References to other system information blocks and scheduling blocks (67)8.15 Rplmn information (67)8.16 Scheduling information (67)8.17 SEG COUNT (67)8.18 Segment index (67)8.19 SIB data fixed (67)8.20 SIB data variable (67)8.21 SIB type (67)8.22 SIB type SIBs only (67)9 ANSI-41 Information elements (68)10 Multiplicity values and type constraint values (68)信息元素功能性定义消息是由多个信息元素组合而成，信息元素根据其功能的不同划分为：核心网域信息元素、UTRAN 移动信息元素、UE 信息元素、无线承载信息元素、传输信道信息元素、物理信道信息元素和测量信息元素。
CTorrent分析
CTorrent程序源码分析姚旭晨目录CTorrent程序源码分析 (1)1. 前言 (3)1.1 为什么要写这份文档 (3)1.2 客户端的选择 (3)1.3 CTorrent简介 (4)2. 准备工作 (5)2.1 知识储备 (5)2.2 我对本篇源码分析的说明 (5)3. 总述 (6)3.1 CTorrent的命令行参数的意义 (6)3.2 CTorrent的状态栏的意义 (6)3.3 各个类实现的具体实例 (7)3.4 BT协议的特性和CTorrent的实现情况 (8)4. 源代码分析 (10)4.1 ctorrent.cpp (10)4.2 downloader.cpp (11)4.3 bencode.h (13)4.4 bitfield.h (15)4.4.1 class BitField (15)4.5 btcontent.h (18)4.5.1 BTCACHE结构体 (18)4.5.2 class btContent (18)4.6 btfiles.h (30)4.6.1 Struct BTFILE (30)4.6.2 Class btFiles (31)4.7 btrequest.h (35)4.7.1 class RequestQueue (35)4.7.2 class PendingQueue (37)4.8 btstream.h (38)4.8.1 class btStream (38)4.9 bufio.h (40)4.9.1 class BufIo (40)4.10 connect_nonb.h (42)4.11 httpencode.h (42)4.12 iplist.h (44)4.12.1 struct _iplist (44)4.12.2 class IpList (44)4.13 peer.h (45)4.13.1 宏 (45)4.13.2 struct _btstatus (46)4.13.3 class btBasic (46)4.13.4 class btPeer:public btBasic (47)4.14 peerlist.h (56)4.14.1 struct _peernode (56)4.14.2 class PeerList (57)4.15 rate.h (70)4.15.1 变量 (70)4.15.2 函数 (71)4.16 setnonblock.h (71)4.17 sigint.h (71)4.18 tracker.h (72)4.18.1 宏 (72)4.18.2 变量 (72)4.18.3 函数 (74)5. 后记 (79)5.1 开源和BitTorrent，不得不说的话 (79)5.2 BT的精神：共享，公平和宽容 (79)5.3 本篇文档的版权和莫做害群之马 (79)5.4 我的敬意 (80)5.5 结语 (80)图表目录图表 1 main()函数流程图 (10)图表 2 Downloader()函数流程图 (12)图表 3 btFiles::_btf_recurses_directory()函数流程图 (33)图表 4 btPeer::RequestPiece()函数流程图 (52)图表 5 btPeer::Send_ShakeInfo()函数流程图 (55)图表 6 PeerList::UnChokeCheck()函数流程图 (61)图表7 算法1流程图 (62)图表8 算法3流程图 (63)图表9 PeerList::FillFDSET()函数流程图 (66)图表10 PeerList::AnyPeerReady()函数流程图 (68)图表11 btTracker::SendRequest()函数流程图 (77)表格目录表格1 BitField::Except()函数逻辑表 (16)表格2 m_shake_buffer[68]位填充情况 (19)1.前言1.1 为什么要写这份文档BitTorrent点对点文件传输协议（以下简称BT协议）及其客户端应用大行其道的今天，各种各样的客户端不胜枚举（可以参看/BitTorrentApplications），而各种各样的BT技术论坛讨论的却都是有关客户端软件如何使用的问题，有关底层协议细节和实现方案的讨论少之又少。
4.3寸e-Paper用户手册说明书
4.3inch e-PaperUser ManualOverview (3)1. Important notices (4)2. How to use (6)2.1. How to generate bitmap images (6)2.2. How to work with PC (6)2.3. Arduino (14)2.4. XNUCLEO-F103RB (15)2.5. Open103Z (16)3. Serial communication protocol (18)3.1. Basic rules (18)3.1.1. Serial port (18)3.1.2. Command frame format (18)3.1.3. Transmission sequence (18)3.1.4. Command parameters (18)3.1.5. Color definition (19)3.2. Command set (19)13.2.1. Command look-up table (19)3.2.2. Command explanations (23)4. Appendix (31)24.3 inch e-Paper is an e-book display module with serial interface developed by Waveshare. In an easy-to-use design, it enable you to apply different display functions via serial communication, including shapes drawing, text and image displaying, but do not need to know any complex underlying details, making it possible to unleash your creativity.The 4.3 inch e-Paper has the following features:●Built-in font libraries, supporting 32, 48 and 64 dots GBK Chinese font and 32, 48 and 64dots English font;●Built-in 128MB NandFlash, allowing the font and the image data to be stored to either anexternal TF card or the internal NandFlash by a serial command;●4-level gray display with 800x600 display resolution;●Adjustable Baud rate, default: 15200;●Power supply voltage range from 3.3V to 5.5V, logic level compatible;●Ultra low power consumption, system sleeping current lower than 5mA on 5V powersupply;●Provide with PC software to operate the display, easy to use with PC.31.●System power upAfter powered up, the screen is refreshed to white. At this moment, if no external TF card is in used, the state indicator will flicker 3 times and then keep on. When there is anexternal TF card in used, the state indicator will light up and keep on without flickering.●StorageAfter powered up, the system reads the font and the image data from the internalNandFlash by default.When using an external TF card, you should format the TF card into a FAT32 system, and place the font libraries provided by Waveshare and the images you want to display to the external TF card before using it.When using the internal NandFlash, you should import the font libraries and image files you want to display to the internal NandFlash in advance. For more detailed information, please refer to the Section 2.2.●State indicatorThe state indicator is on when the system is working properly, and off when the system enters sleep mode. A rising edge on the WAKE_UP pin from the external MCU can wake up the system. And the state indicator will light up and remain on after resuming from sleep mode.●Font librariesThe system built-in 32, 48 and 64 dots English font is always available without using the TF card or the NandFlash; however, for the 32, 48 and 64 dots Chinese font, you should store the relative library file to the TF card or the NandFlash before using it.4Image displayThe system supports 1-bit and 2-bit bitmap image display. For other image formats, you should convert these images into the specified format with the tool on the Demos so as to display them.The name of the image should be in uppercase English character(s) with the length less than 10 characters, in which the symbol “.” is included.For example:PIC7.BMP and PIC789.BMP are correct image names;PIC7890.BMP is a wrong image name.52.2.1.HOW TO GENERATE BITMAP IMAGES1) Make sure the resolution of the image is less than 800x600 pixels. Start the toolmspaint.exe on Windows to open the image to be converted;2) Select the option 24-bit bitmap in the Save as Type list, to save the image as a bmpformat file;3) Start the software tool provided by Waveshare: uC-GUI-BitmapConvert.exe;4) Click File -> Open, and select the bitmap image you want to convert;5) Click Image -> Convert Into -> Gray4 (2 BPP);6) Click File ->Save As, and select the option Windows Bitmap file(*.bmp) in the Save asType list, and then enter a correct file name and save the image. Please take a note to the format of the file name.2.2.HOW TO WORK WITH PCWe have designed the software for E-Paper to work with PC. With this software, users can easily operate different basic displays on the E-Paper via a PC. In additional, a USB-to-serial module should be applied to build up the communication between the e-Paper and the PC. In here, we will take the serial module CP2102 USB UART Board(mini) as an example to illustrate the application. For more detailed information about this serial module, please refer to Appendix.Hardware connection1) Set the pin VCCIO on the CP2102 to 5V;2) Connect the CP2102 to the E-Paper with jump wire, in which the red wire of the cable isconnected to the pin VCCIO on the CP2102, and the black wire to the pin GND, the white wire to the pin RXD, and the green wire to the pin TXD.63) Connect the CP2102 to the PC via a USB cable. Now, the E-Paper is powered up, and itsstate indicator lights up.Software installationUnzip the software to the installation directory, and then double click the file “install.bat”.Then, you will see a dialog box will pop up as the figure shows below, if the software is installed successfully.Double click the EPSCOMM.exe to start the software:78Check the Device Manager, and configure the corresponding serial port. Click the button“OK ”, if the communication is built up.9Font libraries and image importation1) Prepare a TF card (here we take an 8G TF card as an example), and format the TF cardinto a FAT32 system with 4096 bytes allocation unit size. Copy the font libraries and image files provided by Waveshare into the TF card. When finished, insert the TF card into the E-Paper.2)indicating the importation starts. When finished, the state indicator will flicker 3 times again and the e-Paper module will return the message “OK ”, indicating that the importation of font library is completed successfully.3)indicating the importation starts. When finished, the state indicator will flicker 3 times againand the e-Paper module will return the message “OK”, indicating that the importation ofimage(s) is completed successfully.1011Remarks:[1] Once you do the operation, please check the state indicator. It flickers when the importation starts. Now, wait the importation finish.[2] Normally, you only need to import the image(s) you want, but not need to import the font library, since it has been imported by default. Display testing 1.Display textEnter the text “Hello, World!” into the Input box, and set the coordinate options X1 and Y1the text inputted shows in the screen.122.Display imageEnter the name of the image you want to display into the Input box, and set the coordinate options X1 and Y1you can see the corresponding image shows in the screen.3. Display shapeTo draw shapes, you may need to input the parameters listed in the table below:134. Other settings· Set the storage area, select the storage locations of font library and images, defaultlocation: NandFlash;· Set the display direction;· Set the drawing color, the option Foreground color for the text is set to Black and the option Background color for the background is set to White by default;· Set Baud rate, default: 15200; it is not recommended to modify this option frequently;· Set the font size of the English character;· Set the font size of the Chinese character.Remarks:[1] When finished each command, there will be corresponding response. Normally, it will return“OK”;[2] For drawing point(s) or line(s), or displaying text(s) or image(s), you should click the buttonsince the image data is large.2.3.ARDUINO1) Hardware connection14Here, we take Arduino UNO PLUS development board as an example to illustrate the application. Connect the development board to the e-Paper with a serial cable as shown in the follow table. For more information about this development board, please refer to the Appendix.Connection between Arduino UNO PLUS and 4.3inch e-Paper:2) Program compiling and uploadingOpen the Arduino program on the Demo. Then, compile and upload it. Please take a note that the white cable should be removed on program uploading.2.4.XNUCLEO-F103RB1) Hardware connectionHere, we take XNUCLEO-F103RBdevelopment board as an example to illustrate the application. Connect the development board to the e-Paper with a serial cable as shown in the follow table. For more information about this development board, please refer to the Appendix.Connection between XNUCLEO-F103RB and 4.3inch e-Paper:152) Program compiling and programmingOpen the XNUCLEO-F103RB program on the Demo. Then, compile and program it.Note: You should set the JP4 jumper between A and B.2.5.OPEN103Z1) Hardware connectionHere, we take Open103Z development board as an example to illustrate the application. Connect the development board to the e-Paper with a serial cable as shown in the follow table. For more information about this development board, please refer to the Appendix.Connection between XNUCLEO-F103RB and 4.3inch e-Paper:162) Program compiling and programmingOpen the Open103Z program on the Demo. Then, compile and program it.173.3.1.BASIC RULESThis e-Paper module adopts full-duplex asynchronous UART communication with adjustable Baud rate.[1] The frame length is calculated by the length begin with the frame header and end withthe parity byte.[2] Parity byte is the final result of the XOR operation on the bytes from the frame header tothe frame end.The data of the module is transmitted in the Network byte sequence, which means higher byte is sent at first, then lower byte following. For example, a parameter, 0x1234, is transmitted in two parts: 0x12 is sent at first, and then 0x34 following.●Byte: 8 bits, single byte;●Short: 16 bits, double bytes;●Dword: 32 bits, four bytes;●String: the character string end with “0”.18This e-Paper module supports 4-level gray display, and 2 bits for each pixel.0x00: Black0x01: Dark gray0x02: Light gray0x03: WhiteMAND SET19202122Remarks:[1] The string length is the length of the character string end with “0”, in which the ending “0”is included.[2] The name of the image should be in uppercase English character(s) with the length lessthan 10 characters (the symbol “.” is included). And the string length of the image name should be less than 11 characters, in which the ending “0” is included.System control1. Handshake command (0x00)After powered up, you can send this command to the terminal to make sure whether the terminal is ready and able to receive commands or data.23Example:A5 00 09 00 CC 33 C3 3C ACDescriptions: Handshake command2. Set the Baud rate (0x01)After powered up, the default Baud rate is 115200. This command is used to set the Baud rate. You may need to wait 100ms for the module to return the result after sending this command, since the host may take a period of time to change its Baud rate.Example:A5 00 0D 01 00 00 25 80 CC 33 C3 3C 0CDescriptions: 0x2580: set the Baud rate to 9600. The parameter of Baud rate isconsisted of 4 bytes, so you need to complete the rest by yourself.3. Read the current Baud rate (0x02)Example: A5 00 09 02 CC 33 C3 3C AEDescriptions: Read the current Baud rate of the system.4. Return the information about the currently used storage area (0x06)Example: A5 00 09 06 CC 33 C3 3C AADescriptions: When returns 0x00, the currently used storage area is internal NandFlash;when returns 0x01, the currently used storage area is external TF card.5. Set the storage area (0x07)Set the storage area to select the storage locations of font library and images, either the external TF card or the internal NandFlash is available.Example: A5 00 0A 07 00 CC 33 C3 3C A8Descriptions: 0x00: set the currently used storage area as NandFlash.6. Sleep mode (0x08)The system will enter the sleep mode and reduce system power consumption by thiscommand. Under sleep mode, the state indicator is off, and the system does not respond any commands. Only the rising edge on the pin WAKE_UP can wake up the system.24Example: A5 00 09 08 CC 33 C3 3C A4Descriptions: Switch the system to sleep mode.7. Refresh (0x0A)Refresh and update the display on the screen. After the host send out the drawingcommand, the system will only write the relative data into the internal video memory, but not update the display on the screen. So you should operate this command whenever you finish each drawing.Example: A5 00 09 0A CC 33 C3 3C A6Descriptions: Refresh and update the display on the screen8. Get the display direction (0x0C)Example: A5 00 09 0C CC 33 C3 3C A0Descriptions: When returns 0, the screen is in normal display; when returns 1, thedisplay on the screen will be rotated by 180°.9. Set the display direction (0x0D)Set the display direction, only 180° rotation display supported.Example: A5 00 0A 0D 01 CC 33 C3 3C A3Descriptions: 0x01: The display on the screen will be switch from normal display to 180°rotation display.10. Import font library (0x0E)Import the font library files from the TF card to the internal NandFlash. The font library files include GBK32.FON/GBK48.FON/GBK64.FON. The state indicator will flicker 3 times when the importation is start and ending.Example:A5 00 09 0E CC 33 C3 3C A2Descriptions: Import the font library11. Import image (0x0F)25Import the image files from the TF card to the internal NandFlash. The state indicator will flicker 3 times when the importation is start and ending.Example: A5 00 09 0F CC 33 C3 3C A3Descriptions: Import the imagesDisplay parameter configuration1. Set the pallet (0x10)Set the foreground color and the background color on drawing, in which the foreground color can be used to display the basic drawings and text, while the background color is used to clear the screen.Example: A5 00 0B 10 00 03 CC 33 C3 3C BDDescriptions: 0x00: The foreground color is set to Black0x03: The background color is set to White2. Get the pallet data (0x11)Example: A5 00 09 11 CC 33 C3 3C BDDescriptions: For example, when returns “03”, “0” means the foreground color is Black and “3” means the background color is White.3. Read the English font size (0x1C)Example: A5 00 09 1C CC 33 C3 3C B0Descriptions: Return the index of currently used English font size.4. Read the Chinese font size (0x1D)Example: A5 00 09 1D CC 33 C3 3C B1Descriptions: Return the index of currently used Chinese font size.5. Set the English font size (0x1E)Set the English font size, currently support 32/48/64 dots matrix.26Example: A5 00 0A 1E 01 CC 33 C3 3C B0Descriptions: 0x01: Set the English font size to 32 dots matrix6. Set the Chinese font size (0x1F)Set the Chinese font size, currently support 32/48/64 dots matrix.Example: A5 00 0A 1F 01 CC 33 C3 3C B1Descriptions: 0x01: Set the Chinese font size to 32 dots matrixBasic drawings1. Draw a point (0x20)Display a point on a specified coordination position with foreground color.Example: A5 00 0D 20 00 0A 00 0A CC 33 C3 3C 88Descriptions: Display a point on the position (0x0A, 0x0A) with foreground color.2. Draw a line (0x22)Draw a line between two specified point coordinates with foreground color.Example: A5 00 11 22 00 0A 00 0A 00 FF 00 FF CC 33 C3 3C 96Descriptions: Draw a line between the point coordinates (0x0A, 0x0A) and (0xFF, 0xFF) with foreground color.3. Fill a rectangle (0x24)Fill a rectangle according to two point coordinates with foreground color, in which these two points serve as the diagonal points of the rectangle.Example: A5 00 11 24 00 0A 00 0A 00 FF 00 FF CC 33 C3 3C 90Descriptions: Fill a rectangle according to the point coordinates (0x0A, 0x0A) and (0xFF, 0xFF), in which these two points serve as the diagonal points of the rectangle.4. Draw a rectangle (0x25)27Draw a rectangle according to two point coordinates with foreground color, in which these two points serve as the diagonal points of the rectangle.Example: A5 00 11 25 00 0A 00 0A 00 FF 00 FF CC 33 C3 3C 91Descriptions: Draw a rectangle according to the point coordinates (0x0A, 0x0A) and (0xFF, 0xFF), in which these two points serve as the diagonal points of the rectangle.5. Draw a circle (0x26)Draw a circle based on the given center coordination and radius.Example: A5 00 0F 26 00 FF 00 FF 00 80 CC 33 C3 3C 0CDescriptions: Draw a circle with the center coordination (0xFF, 0xFF), and radius 0x80.6. Fill a circle (0x27)Fill a circle based on the given center coordination and radius.Example: A5 00 0F 27 00 FF 00 FF 00 80 CC 33 C3 3C 0DDescriptions: Fill a circle whose center coordination is (0xFF, 0xFF) and radius is 0x80.7. Draw a tri-angle (0x28)Draw a tri-angle according to three given point coordinates.Example: A5 00 15 28 00 0A 00 0A 00 20 00 80 00 80 00 FF CC 33 C3 3C 47Descriptions:The three point coordinates of the tri-angle are (0x0A, 0x0A), (0x20, 0x80) and (0x80, 0xFF).8. Fill a tri-angle (0x29)Fill a tri-angle according to three given point coordinates.Example: A5 00 15 29 00 0A 00 0A 00 20 00 80 00 80 00 FF CC 33 C3 3C 46Descriptions: The three point coordinates of the tri-angle are (0x0A, 0x0A), (0x20, 0x80), (0x80, 0xFF)9. Clear the screen (0x2E)28Clear the screen with the background color.Example: A5 00 09 2E CC 33 C3 3C 82Descriptions: Clear the screen●Display text1. Display character string (0x30)Display a character string on a specified coordination position. Chinese and English mixed display is supported.Example:A5 00 17 30 00 0A 00 0A C4 E3 BA C3 57 6F 72 6C 64 00 CC 33 C3 3C 9EDescriptions: 0x0A, 0x0A: This is the given coordination position0xC4E3:你0xBAC3:好0x57 6F 72 6C 64:WorldAfter executed this command, the screen will show the text:你好WorldEach character string should be end with a “0”. So, you should add a “00”at the end of the string C4 E3 BA C3 57 6F 72 6C 64.●Display image1. Display bitmap (0x70)Before executing this command, please make sure the bitmap file you want to display is stored in the storage area (either TF card or internal NandFlash).Example: A5 00 16 70 00 00 00 00 50 49 43 37 2E 42 4D 50 00 CC 33 C3 3C DFDescriptions: Image start coordination position: (0x00, 0x00)0x50 49 43 37 2E 42 4D 50: Bitmap name: PIC7.BMP29Each character string should be end with a “0”. So, you should add a “00” at the end of the string 50 49 43 37 2E 42 4D 50.The name of the bitmap file should be in uppercase English character(s). And the string length of the bitmap name should be less than 11 characters, in which the ending “0” is included. For example, PIC7.BMP and PIC789.BMP are correct bitmap names, while PIC7890.BMP is a wrong bitmap namem.304.1. CP2102 USB UART Board(mini)The CP2102 USB UART Board (mini) is an accessory board that features the single-chip USB to UART bridge CP2102 onboard.For more information about this module, please refer to the following links:/cp2102-usb-uart-board-mini.htm2. Arduino UNO PLUSUNO PLUS is a development board compatible with the Arduino UNO R3, an improved & enhanced alternative solution for Arduino UNO R3.31For more information about this module, please refer to the following links:/product/arduino/main-board/avr/uno-plus.htm3. XNUCLEO-F103RBCompatible with NUCLEO-F103RB, onboard Cortex-M3 microcontrollerSTM32F103RBT6Arduino connectivity support, easy to connect with various Arduino shields and access the massive Arduino resourcesSupports mbed, build prototype quickly by mbed SDK and online tools32For more information about this module, please refer to the following links:/xnucleo-f103rb.htm4. Open103ZOpen103Z is a STM32 development board that features a STM32F103ZET6 device as the microcontroller. It supports further expansion with various optional accessory boards for specific application.33For more information about this module, please refer to the following links:/open103z-standard.htm34。
LTE_3GPP_36.213-860(中文版)
Internet
Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
Cell search ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Timing synchronisation ................................................................................................................................ 8 Radio link monitoring ............................................................................................................................. 8 Inter-cell synchronisation ........................................................................................................................ 8 Transmission timing adjustments ............................................................................................................ 8
PeproTech人重组IL-13变种说明书
Title: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 1 of 51.0 PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION1.1Product name:Recombinant Human IL-13 Variant1.2 Catalog # / Part number:200-13A1.3 Manufacturer / Supplier:PeproTech, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific5 Cedarbrook DriveCranbury, NJ 08512Phone: 800-436-9910 / 609-497-0253Fax: 609-497-0321Information:1.4 EmergencyPlease call PeproTech at 609-497-0253EMERGENCY HEALTH INFORMATION:800-424-8802 National Response CenterPeproTech EC, Part of Thermo Fisher ScientificPeproTech House29 Margravine RoadLondon W6 8LLUKPhone: +44 (0)20 7610 3062PeproTech Asia, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific12 Hamada StreetTamar BuildingRehovot 76703IsraelPhone: +972 (0) 8 946 09481.5 Application of the substance or mixture: Not for human use.1.6 Other product information: This product has not been registered with CHEMTREC (USA)2.0 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION2.1 Classification of substance or mixture: Not a hazardous substance or mixture.2.2 GHS classification: Does not meet the classification criteria of the EC Directives 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC or 1272/20082.3 GHS labeling: Does not need to be labeled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws.2.4 Special hazards: NoneTitle: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 2 of 53.0 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS3.1Ingredients: This product does not contain any hazardous substances at concentrations of 1% or greater.This product is not known to contain carcinogens at a concentration of 0.1% or greater. No MSDS isrequired.4.0 FIRST AID MEASURES4.1 Description of first aid measures:Eye contact: May cause eye irritation. Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get immediate medical attention.Skin contact: May cause skin irritation. Immediately flush with plenty of water.Inhalation: No recognized inhalation hazard. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If breathing becomes difficult, call a physician.Ingestion: No recognized ingestion hazard. If swallowed, drink plenty of water. Get immediate medicalattention.5.0 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES5.1 Classification of substance or mixture: The product is non-flammable.5.2 Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.5.3 Protective equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.6.0 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES6.1 Personal precautions: Use eye protection, gloves, and apron. Implement appropriate precautions tominimize direct contact with skin or eyes and prevent inhalation of dust.6.2 Methods for clean up: Sweep up, place in bag and hold for disposal. Ventilate area and wash site aftermaterial is picked up.7.0 HANDLING AND STORAGE7.1 Handling: Avoid inhalation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.7.2 Storage: Keep tightly closed. Store at -20o C until use.7.3Additional information: See product data sheet for more information on handling and storage.8.0 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION8.1 Controlparameters: Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.controls: Ensure adequate ventilation. Use appropriate personal protective work clothing. 8.2 EngineeringTitle: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022 SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 3 of 5precautions:8.3 PersonalEye: Wear appropriate eye protection.Skin: Wear clothing and gloves that cannot be penetrated by chemicals or oil.Inhalation: Respiratory equipment is not required.9.0 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES9.1 Description of chemical and physical properties:Appearance: Solid; white powder or thin/invisible filmOdor: NonepH: Not availableVapor pressure: Not availableVapor density: Not availableBoiling point: Not availableMelting/freezing point: Not availableFlash point UEL/LEL: None establishedEvaporation rate: UndeterminedFlammability: Non-flammable materialSolubility: Not availableSpecific gravity (water = 1): Not availableVolatile %: Not availableWater content: Not availableDecomposition Temperature: Not availableAutoignition Temperature: None establishedVOC content: Not availableViscosity: Not available10.0 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY10.1 Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.10.2 Conditions to avoid: Heat and moisture10.3 Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents10.4 Hazardousdecomposition: None determinedpolymerization: Does not spontaneously polymerize10.5 HazardousTitle: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022 SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 4 of 511.0 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION11.1 Potential health effects:Eye contact: May cause eye irritation.Skin contact: May cause skin irritation.Inhalation: May be harmful if inhaled. May be irritating to mucous membranes.Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed.Carcinogenicity: NoneReproductive toxicity: NoneMutagenicity: NoneSensitization: None12.0 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION12.1 Ecotoxicity: Undetermined12.2 Biodegradability: Undetermined12.3 Mobility: Undetermined12.4 Bioaccumulation: Undetermined13.0 DISPOSAL INFORMATION13.1 Disposal method: Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensedprofessional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.14.0 TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION14.1 Transport information:DOT Hazard class: Non-hazardous for transport.IATA Hazard class: Non-hazardous for transport.IMDG Hazard class: Non-hazardous for transport.15.0 REGULATORY INFORMATION15.1 US Federal and State Regulations:CERCLA Sections 102a/103 Hazardous Substances (40 CFR Part 302.4): This product is notreportable under 40 CFR Part 302.4.Title: SAFETY DATA SHEET Effective Date: 11/11/2022SDS Number: 25-200-13A Revision: E Page 5 of 5SARA Title III Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (40 CFR Part 355): This product is notregulated under Section 302 of SARA and 40 CFR Part 355.SARA Title III Sections 311/312 Hazardous Categorization (40 CFR Part 370): This product is notdefined as hazardous by OSHA under 29 CFR Part 1910.1200(d).SARA Title III Section 313 (40 CFR Part 372): This product does not contain any of the substances on the Toxic Chemicals List in 40 CFR Part 372.US Inventory/TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act): Not listed on inventoryOSHA Hazard Communication Standard: Non-hazardousCalifornia Proposition 65: Not listed on California’s listing of known or potential carcinogens.15.2 AdditionalRegulations:WHMIS Controlled Product Classification: This product has been classified in accordance with thehazard criteria of the CPR, and the MSDS contains all the information required by the CPR.EC Inventory (EINECS/ELINCS): Not determinedJapan Inventory (MITI): Not determinedAustralia Inventory (AICS): Not determinedKorea Inventory (ECL): Not determinedCanada Inventory (DSL): Not determinedPhilippine Inventory (PICCS): Not determined16.0 OTHER INFORMATIONNot for human use.16.1 Disclaimer:16.2 Note to reader: This SDS and the information it contains is offered in good faith as accurate and complete.We have reviewed any information contained in this SDS which we received from sources outside ourcompany. We believe that information to be correct, but cannot guarantee its accuracy or completeness.Health and safety precautions in this safety data sheet may not be adequate for all individuals and/orsituations. It is the user's obligation to evaluate and use this product safely and to comply with allapplicable laws and regulations. No statement made in this safety data sheet shall be construed as apermission or recommendation for the use of any product in a manner that might infringe existing patents.No warranty is made, either expressed or implied.。
c preprocessor macro写法
c preprocessor macro写法《C预处理器宏写法》C预处理器是C语言中一个非常重要的部分，它允许程序员使用宏（macros）来创建可重用的代码片段。
这些宏可以在编译时被扩展或替换，从而极大地增强了C代码的可读性和可维护性。
这篇文章将详细介绍C预处理器宏的用法和最佳实践。
一、宏的基本用法在C预处理器中，宏是一个简单的文本替换机制。
宏定义以`#define`关键字开头，后面跟着宏的名称和它的值。
例如：```c#define PI 3.14159```在这个例子中，`PI`是一个宏，它的值被设置为`3.14159`。
在之后的代码中，当编译器遇到`PI`时，它会被替换为它的值。
除了数值型宏，还可以定义字符串类型的宏。
例如：```c#define VERSION "1.0.0"```在这个例子中，`VERSION`是一个字符串类型的宏，它的值被设置为`"1.0.0"`。
二、宏的参数预处理器宏不仅可以接受单一的值，还可以接受参数。
通过使用圆括号将宏的参数括起来，可以定义带有参数的宏。
例如：```c#define SQUARE(x) (x * x)```在这个例子中，`SQUARE`是一个带有参数的宏，它接受一个参数`x`，并返回`x * x`的结果。
在之后的代码中，可以使用这个宏来计算一个数的平方：```cint main() {int number = 5;int square = SQUARE(number); // square is now 25return 0;}```三、宏的注意事项虽然宏在某些情况下非常有用，但它们也有一些缺点，如可读性差、容易出错等。
以下是一些使用宏时需要注意的事项：1. 避免使用过于复杂的宏。
如果宏的逻辑过于复杂，可能会导致代码难以阅读和理解。
建议将复杂的逻辑放在函数中，并在需要时调用函数。
2. 使用条件编译避免重复代码。
PCR芯片及基因列表
Apoptosis and Cell Cycle PCR Array 细胞凋亡与细胞周期基因芯片凋亡PCR芯片细胞凋亡P CR芯片384HT 细胞周期P CR芯片Apoptosis PCR Array 凋亡PCR芯片Catalog No. P AHS-012A（人）Catalog No. P AMM-012A（小鼠）Catalog No. P ARN-012A（大鼠）The Apoptosis RT² Profiler™ PCR Array prof iles the expressi on of 84 key genes inv olved in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. The array includes the TNF ligands and their receptors; members of the bcl-2, caspase, IAP, TRAF, CARD, death domain, death effector domain, and CIDE families; as well as genes involved in the p53 and ATM pathways. Using real-time PCR, you can easily and reliably analy ze expression of a f ocused panel of genes related to apoptosis with this array.细胞凋亡RT² Profiler™ PCR Array可以同时测定84个与凋亡即细胞程序性死亡有关的关键基因。
其中包括TN F配基及其受体，Bcl-2家族成员、caspase、IAP、TRAF、C ARD、死亡结构域、死亡效应结构域和CID E家族，同时还包括p53和ATM信号通路相关的基因。
macrovision测试方法_NTSC
MACROVISION 测试方法 (NTSC制式) 在SETUP中设为NTSC制式，测试碟片为Macrovision Test DiscNTSC制式下需测试Type 1 ,Type 2 , Type 3 ，测试信号分别为（ TT 6/20 CH 2/4），（ TT 6/20 CH 3/4）和（ TT 6/20 CH 4/4）。
1、copy protection off （无防拷贝功能）测试信号：title：6 的 chapter：1 （ TT 6/20 CH 1/4）下面四项测试所用的测试线均为 line 10---17 或 line 273---280测试函数：可使用measure中的level meter进行测量。
亦可使用waveform的cursors进行测量。
测试内容：1）Picture video white level （白电平幅度）标准值：714mV（100IRE）2）Picture video black level （黑电平幅度）标准值：54mV（7.5IRE）3）Sync pulse amplitude（同步脉冲幅度）标准值：285.7mV（40IRE）4）Color burst amplitude （色同步脉冲幅度――Burst）标准值：285.7mV（40IRE）±35mV2、Copy Protection ON（防拷贝状态） Type 1测试信号：title：6 的 chapter：2 （ TT 6/20 CH 2/4）测试内容：1）Picture video white level （白电平幅度）标准值：714mV（100IRE）±7mV2）Picture video black level （黑电平幅度）标准值：54mV（7.5IRE）注：以上两项，请参考“1、copy protection off”中的测试方法。
3）Lines with VBI lift （是否含有VBI ？）VBI:测试线：Field1 1～20行；Field2 263(b)～283(a)行，即：（0.5～20.5）行。
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Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
Prepared by: Fernando & Yvonn Quijano
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
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什么是货币？
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2
3
4
Confidence and trust cannot be taken for Explain the quantity theory of 5 granted. …when money and use it to explain how high rates of inflation occur. households and firms lose faith in an official money, it can harm trade and economic activity in an economy. © 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed. 2 of 53
Discuss the definitions of the money supply used in the United States today. Explain how banks create checking account deposits. Discuss the three policy tools the Federal Reserve uses to manage the money supply.
A double coincidence of wants refers to: a. the instance in which a good that is used as money also has value independent of its use as money. b. the fact that for a barter trade to take place between two people, each person must want what the other one has. c. the idea that a barter economy is more efficient than a monetary economy. d. the fact that two parties are involved in transactions where money is the medium of exchange.
If prisoners of war use cigarettes as money, then cigarettes are: a. token money. b. fiduciary money. c. fiat money. d. commodity money.
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
货币是任何一种被普遍接受为交换媒介， 并且具有价值储藏和计算单位功能的 经济工具。换言之，在购买商品劳务 或清偿债务时被广泛接受的任何物品， 都可以称作货币。
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE UNIT OF ACCOUNT STORE OF VALUE STANDARD OF DEFERRED PAYMENT
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
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CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE
What Is Money and Why Do We Need It?
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
Money Assets that people are generally willing to accept in exchange for goods and services or for payment of debts.
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
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13 - 1
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
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Money: definition
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
Money is the stock of assets that can be readily used to make transactions.
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CHAPTER 13: Money, nks, and the Federal Reserve System
Money serves as a unit of account when: a. sellers are willing to accept it in exchange for goods or services. b. it can be easily stored and used for transactions in the future. c. prices of goods and services are stated in the monetary unit. d. All of the above.
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What Is Money and Why Do We Need It?
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
Barter and the Invention of Money Commodity money A good used as money that also has value independent of its use as money.
Money In a World War II Prisoner of War Camp
During World War II, cigarettes were used as money in some prisoner-ofwar camps.
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
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What Is Money and Why Do We Need It?
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
The Functions of Money Anything used as money – whether a deerskin, a cowrie seashell, or a dollar bill – should fulfill the following four functions:
McDonald’s Money Problems in Argentina
CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1 Define money and discuss its four functions.
© 2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Economics R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O’Brien—1st ed.
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CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System
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CHAPTER 13: Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System