2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第20期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析B卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Diesel engines provide excellent mileage, but they are relatively noisy and their acceleration is sluggish.
问题1选项
A.uneven
B.loud
C.slow
D.hard
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

sluggish表示“萧条的，迟钝的”；A项uneven“不均匀的，不平坦的”，B 项loud“大声的，喧闹的”，C项slow“慢的，减速的”，D项hard“努力的，硬的”。

句意：柴油发动机提供优良的里程，但它们相对嘈杂，加速缓慢。

根据句意可知，sluggish在句子中表示“缓慢的”，四个选项中只有slow符合。

故该题选择C项正确。

2.
单选题
Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项
A.destruction
B.contribution
C.charge
D.origin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。

句意：贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。

根据句意可知A项正确。

3.
单选题
It was（）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.
问题1选项
A.addicted
B.alleged
C.assaulted
D.ascribed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。

根据后面的句子the restaurant discriminated against black customers（这家餐馆歧视黑人顾客），结合前面的it be…that句型，空格部分应该表示“据说，据宣称”。

句意：据说那家餐馆歧视黑人顾客。

故该题选择B项正确。

4.
单选题
This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.
问题1选项
A.presentation
B.instruction
C.conviction
D.obligation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项presentatio n“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。

句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.
单选题
Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.
问题1选项
A.agreement
B.consensus
C.permission
D.support
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

approval表示“批准，认可”；A项agreement“协议，同意”，B项consensus“一致，合意”，C项permission“允许，许可”，D项support“支持”。

句意：民意调查显示，总统的支持率在上升。

根据句意可知，approval在句子中表示“支持”，四个选项中只有D项符合。

故该题选择D 项正确。

6.
单选题
He has no incentive to make permanent improvement in spoken English.
问题1选项
A.ability t
B.knowledge t
C.opportunity t
D.motive
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

incentive表示“动机，刺激”；A项ability“能力”，B项knowledge“知识”，C项opportunity“机会”，D项motive“动机，目的”。

句意：他没有持续提高英语口语的动力。

根据句意可知，该题选择D项正确。

7.
单选题
It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be（）by insects.
问题1选项
A.broken in
B.run over
C.taken over
D.filled in
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项break in“打断，闯入”，B项run over“碾过，匆匆看”，C项take
over“接管，接收”，D项fill in“填写，填充”。

根据句子意思“这是许多科幻故事的共同主题，世界可能有一天被昆虫（）”，把四个选项分别代入，只有C项最符合句意。

句意：这是许多科幻故事的共同主题，世界可能有一天被昆虫占领。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.
单选题
Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.
问题1选项
A.believed
B.discarded
C.advocated
D.confirmed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

deem表示“认为，相信”，be deemed to表示“被认为”；A项believe“相信，信任”，B项discard“抛弃，放弃”，C项advocate“提倡，拥护”，D项confirm“确认，证实”。

句意：学术诚信对于那些致力于科学研究的人来说是至关重要的。

根据句意可知A项正确。

9.
翻译题
根据最新统计，67%的美国人能上网，该比例是中国的6倍。

尽管互联网作用巨大，但许多问题远远没有解决，如：病毒侵入和信息安全。

即使这些问题最终有可能得到解决，也需要艰辛的努力和多年时间。

【答案】答：
According to the latest statistics, 67% of the U.S. population have access to the Internet, which is six times that of China. Despite the influential role of the Internet, many problems are far from settled, such as the invasion of viruses and information security. Even if it is possible to find final solutions, it will take painstaking efforts and many years.
10.
单选题
Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.
Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.
This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, p eople treat men and women differently,” says Ann Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.
The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.
1. The last word in Paragraph one “liability” most probably means（）.
2. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness（）.
3. Bowman’s experiment reveals that when it comes to politi cs, attractiveness（）.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often（）.
5. The author writes this passage to（）.
问题1选项
A.misfortunet
B.instabilityt
C.disadvantaget
D.burdent
问题2选项
A.reinforces the feminine qualities requiredt
B.makes women look more honest and capablet
C.is of primary importance to woment
D.often enables women to succeed quicklyt
问题3选项
A.turns out to be an obstaclet
B.affects men and women aliket
C.has as little effect on men as on woment
D.is more of an obstacle than a benefit to woment
问题4选项
A.practicalt
B.prejudicedt
C.old-fashionedt
D.radicalt
问题5选项A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractivet
B.give advice to job-seekers who are attractivet
C.demand equal rights for woment
D.emphasize the importance of appearance
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】第1题:语义推测题。

题干意思是“第一段最后一个单词‘liability’的意思是……”。

第一段开头便提到了美丽的优势，Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.（几乎每个人都认为有魅力的人更幸福、更健康，有更好的婚姻和更体面的职业；个人顾问会给他们更好的求职建议；就连法官对有吸引力的被告也比较宽容），接着最后一句话用but转折引出了下一句的内容But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability，由此可知这句话应该是“但在行政圈，美貌可能成为一种劣势”，liability 在文中表示“劣势”，故C项“缺点，劣势”正确。

A项“不幸”、B项“不稳定”和D项“负担”都不能准确表达。

故该题选择C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。

题干意思是“在传统的女性工作中，吸引力……”。

第三段第二句提到Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.（人们认为，有魅力的女性高管不如没有魅力的人正直；她们的成功不是由于能力，而是由于运气等因素），可知对于有魅力的女性来说，她们会更加加强对女性素质的要求，故A项“加强对女性品质的要求”正确。

B项“让女人看起来更诚实和有能力”和C项“对妇女来说是最重要的”与原文相反；D项“经常使妇女迅速成功”文章没有提到。

故该题选择A项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。

题干意思是“鲍曼的实验表明，当涉及到政治，吸引力……”。

根据最后一段The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.（结果显示，有魅力的男性彻底击败了没有魅力的男性，但被评为最有魅力的女性总是得到的选票最少）可以推理，当涉及到政治，吸引力对男性来说是一个好处，但是对女性来说是一个障碍，故D项“对女性来说，更多的是一个障碍而不是一个好处”正确。

A项“变成一个障碍”，表述太绝对，因为外形好看对男性来说是有优势的；B项“对男性和女性的影响是一样的”和C项“对男人和女人的影响一样小”内容与原文不符。

故该题选择D 项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。

题干意思是“从文章中可以推断出，人们对美丽的看法经常是……”。

通读全文可知，在工作中，有魅力的女性的成功经常被认为是运气等因素，在政治中，漂亮的女性得不到选票，所以可以推断出人们对美丽的看法是具有偏见的，故B项“偏见的”正确。

A项“实际的”、C项“守旧的”
和D项“激进的”都不符合。

故该题选择B项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。

题干意思是“作者写这篇文章的目的是……”。

文章讨论的是有吸引力对女性的不利影响，故A项“讨论有吸引力的负面因素”符合题意。

B项“给有吸引力的求职者建议”和C项“要求妇女享有平等权利”本文没有探讨；D项“强调外表的重要性”，本文只通过提到外表对男性的好处，与外表对女性的劣势作对比，并没有强调外表的重要性，D项错误。

故该题选择A项正确。

11.
翻译题
Color-blind people have problems that people who perceive color never think about. One very real problem is that of traffic signs and signals. Those that are red-green color blind have trouble seeing stop signs found on shady streets because they may not notice them against the leaves. In addition, they have trouble identifying signal lights and must memorize the position of the lights to know which signal is being given. Perhaps less of a problem is that of dressing. Those who are fashion-conscious avoid brightly colored wardrobes so that they will not wear clashing colors. Perhaps the greatest handicap of color-blind persons is evident when they select occupations. For example, they cannot work as interior decorators, commercial photographers, painters, airline or ship pilots, or railroad engineers.
【答案】答：
色盲群体可能遭遇一些能够正常感知颜色群体从未想过的问题。

一个非常现实的问题是交通标志和信号灯。

那些红绿色盲的人很难看到在树荫底下的停车标志，因为他们可能不会注意到绿叶下面的停车标志。

此外，因为他们在识别信号灯方面有困难，所以他们必须记住信号灯的位置才能知道发出的是哪个信号。

或许还有一个没有那么严重的问题，那就是着装。

追求时尚的色盲群体会避免色彩鲜艳的衣柜，这样他们就不会穿颜色不协调的衣服。

也许在选择职业时，色盲群体所面临的最不利的因素会更加明显。

例如，他们不能从事室内装潢师、商业摄影师、画家、航空或船舶驾驶员或铁路工程师的工作。

12.
单选题
The meeting was（）over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.
问题1选项A.presumed
B.propelled
C.presided
D.pricked
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A项presume“相信，擅自行为”，B项propel“推进，驱使”，C项p reside“主持”，D项prick“戳，扎破”。

根据空格前后的关键词meeting（会议）和mayor（市长）可知，空格部分应该表示“主持会议”。

句意：会议由市长主持，讨论该市的增税问题。

故该题选择C项正确。

13.
单选题
The visiting professor was so（）in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.
问题1选项
A.imminent
B.eminent
C.precedent
D.prudent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。

根据关键词visiting professor （客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。

句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。

故该题选择B 项正确。

14.
单选题
Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
问题1选项
A.observe t
B.memorize t
ment t
D.request
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

comply with表示“照做，遵守”；A项observe“观察，遵守”，B项memorize“记住，背熟”，C项comment“发表评论，发表意见”，D项request“要求，请求”。

句意：读者应遵守图书馆的各项规定，注意自己的行为举止。

根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

15.
单选题
This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.
问题1选项
A.helpful
eless
C.harmless
D.inappropriate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

instrumental表示“有帮助的，乐器的”；A项helpful“有帮助的”，B项useless“无用的”，C项harmless“无害的，无恶意的”，D项inappropriate“不适当的，不相称的”。

句意：人们认为，这次首脑会谈有助于在该地区实现和平。

根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。