中考专项讲解----定语从句

中考专项讲解----定语从句

知识点一：定义及相关术语

1. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从

句叫定语从句。

2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3. 引导词：引导定语从句的词叫引导词。

引导词分关系代词和关系副词

I bought a book which was written by Lu Xun.

先行词引导词定语从句

4. 引导词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又

作定语从句的一个成分。通常引导词有下列三个作用:匚

知识点二：关系代词which、that的用法

1. 先行词指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语时，在一般情况

下可用which或that,即两者可以互换。作主语时which 或that不可省略，作宾语时which或that可以省略。

I bought a book which / that was written by Lu Xun.

The car (which / that) my un cle bought last week is very beautiful.

2. 先行词指物，在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which :

1) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best film that I have seen.

这是我看过的最好的一部电影。

This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我见过的最美的山。

2) 当先行词被序数词所修饰时。

This is the first book that he borrowed from the library. 这是他从图书馆借到的第一本书。

3) 先行词被the only , the very ( 正是,恰是) , the last , the same

等修饰时。

This is the only book that I like. 这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。

This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我在找的书。

The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. 我们参观的最后的地方是长城。

This is the samewatch that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那块表。

4) 先行词为all, everything , anything , nothing , little , much ，

many , few 等不定代词时。

All that can be done must be done. 凡是能做的都必须做。

Everything that we saw was very interesting. 我们看到的一切事都很有趣。

He doesn't like anything that his father gives him.

他不喜欢他父亲给他的任何东西。

There is nothing that I can do.

Much that he said was true. 他说的很多话是对的。

There is little that I can use. 几乎没有什么我能用的了。

5) 先行词被all , every, no, some , any , little , few , many , much

等词修饰时。

I have read all the books that you gave me.

You can choose any book that you like. 你可以选你喜欢的任何一本书。

He has few books that are about computers. 关于电脑的书他几乎没有。

6) 先行词既有人又有物时。

I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the

room. 我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。

7) 当主句以which 开头时, 为了避免重复，定语从句的引导词用

that, 而不用which.

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T 恤衫最合我的身？

3. 先行词指物, 在下列情况下只能用which 而不能用that：

1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。

His book, which was lost last week, has been found now. 他的书，上周丢的那本，现在已经找到了。

I like the book, which was bought yesterday.

我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。

2) 先行词指物, 若介词放在关系代词前, 则只能用which, 而不能用that。

This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. 这就是我十年前住过的房子。

3) 先行词为that 时。

The clock is that which can tell us the time. 钟是报时的装置。4) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which 。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.

知识点三: 关系代词who whom 、that 的用法

1. 先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语时，在一般情况下可用who 或that, 即两者可以互换。作主语时who/that 不可省略。The girl who / that has long hair is my sister.

留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。

2. 先行词指人，在定语从句中做宾语时，在一般情况下可用who 、whom 、that, 即三者可以互换。作宾语时who 、whom 、that 可以省略。

The girl (who / whom / that) we saw yesterday was my sister. 我们昨天见到那个女孩是我妹妹。