主动语态表被动意义的几种情况

英语中用主动语态表被动意义的几种情况
1．表示事物本质属性的一类不及物动词，通常可以用其主动语态表示被动意义此
时它们后面常带well, easily, smoothly 等副词。

玄Your pen writes well / badly.这支笔写起来流畅。

兴This room cleans very easily这房间容易打扫。

玄 Clothes of this type sell well这种衣服很畅销。

未 The damp match won' t strike.火柴擦不着。

兴This pair of shoes wears well and washes easily.双鞋耐穿并容易清洗
兴The story told welI.这故事流传很广。

兴The picture won ' t color w这照片不好上色。

兴She doesn' t photograph we她不上相。

兴The lid of the bottle can open easily这瓶盖容易打开。

兴Clothes iron easily when damp (wet)衣服潮湿时更好熨。

2．作定语用的动词不定式以其主动形式表示与被修饰词语的被动关系。

这种现象在当代英语中普遍存在着。

其语法特征是，语意上往往带有情态意义，时间上往往带有将来意义。

不定式作定语主要修饰句子的主语、宾语和表语。

(1) 不定式修饰主语：“ There+be+to do …”
☆There is no time to lose.
☆There are three children to look after.
☆Are there any more letters to post.
☆The first thing to do is to find a place to stay at.
(2) 不定式修饰宾语：“ have sth. to do ”
☆ Do you have anything to say for yourself?
☆I have a large family to support.
☆ You must find something to do while waiting there.
(3) 不定式修饰表语：
☆ He is not a man to depend on.
☆ She is an easy girl to deal with.
☆ Tom is the very person to believe in/ trust.
3．与形容词连用，表示结果的不定式，也具备主动形式，表示被动意义的语法特征，句子的主语即是动词不定式逻辑上的宾语。

其模式为：“ Subject + be+ adj.+ to do ”
△ The box is heavy (light)to carry.
△ This water is fit to drink.
△ Frog ' s legs are nice to eat.
△ Mary is pleasant to talk to.
△ The picture is beautiful to look at.
△ The grass is very smooth to walk on.
△The ice is th in to walk on这冰薄得难以行走。

△He is stra nge to un dersta nd 他简直不可思议。

△This problem is very importa nt to discuss 讨论这个问题非常重的。

△Old cars are cheap to buy买旧车很便宜。

△The sentence is n ot easy to explain这句子不容易解析。

△The furniture is difficult / heavy / light to carry.这家具难搬。

△I felt I was to blame, too.
4．主动形式的动名词表示被动意义。

(1) 在及物动词need;want;require;stand;bear 等后面的动名词主动形式表被动意义：
◊The rule needs explai ning with great care这条规则需要仔细的解析。

◊These boxes wa nts nu mberi ng这些箱子需要编号。

◊She can ' t stand critic她经不起批评。

◊Our classroom wa nts whitewashi ng 教室需要粉刷了。

(2) 在介词above; beyond; far from; under; in need of 等后面的动名词，主动形式表被动意义。

◊What you said is bey ond un dersta ndi ng 你所说的无法使人理解。

◊The teachi ng method is in n eed of improvi ng 这教学方法需要改进。

◊The computer is un der repairi ng 这台计算机正在修理。

◊The pla n is far from completi ng 这项计戈U远没有完成。

(3) “ be + worth + doing ”
◊The question is worth further discussing这个问题值得进一步讨论.。