高考英语 考前冲刺专题精选任务型阅读

2012届高考英语考前冲刺专题精选任务型阅读
一、题型特点与实战训练
一、任务型阅读的题型特点
江苏省高考英语任务型阅读题目要求“根据所读，用恰当的词语补全全文提纲，概括关键内容”。

任务型阅读提供了两种示例——表格式和树状式。

题例中要求考生根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意每空一词。

其中在第二示例中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。

这些要求考生能够顺利读懂文章，并能够掌握文章大意和分析文章结构框架。

同时也要求考生拥有扎实的语法和词汇知识，做到自如应用。

二、任务型阅读题的解题技巧及方法：
任务型阅读的解题方法和步骤：
1. 在读文章之前，快速浏览和了解图表的类型及要求，明确阅读的具体任务，以便在阅读文章时直接查找相关信息，提高解题的速度和准确性。

2. 通读、细读和复读文章，利用图表结构和内容帮助理解短文，把握短文的主题思想和理清短文的主体结构，获取关键信息。

3. 获取关键信息后，根据题目要求，对信息进行梳理和加工，并通过恰当的语言形式，形成正确的表达。

完成任务型阅读题的图表时，要注意以下五个方面：
1. 抓住短文的主题思想：如果表格中提供了小标题，要特别加以注意，因为它通常揭示了段落主题。

读懂标题有助于把握短文大意和表格结构。

2. 理清短文的主体结构：了解短文的写作思路和线索，有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，同时短文的结构往往也是重要的命题线索，表格项目基本上就是根据篇章结构设计的。

3. 分析表格设计思路：根据已有的表格内容提示来确定短文表格的设计线索，理清表格的设计思路。

4. 确定表格中各项答案：在完成了上面三步的基础上，再回到短文中寻找确定答案的关键词语，从而确定正确答案。

5. 书写答案时，要注意书写工整、语言规范，注意同一级栏目下词形的一致性，还要注意子母的大小写。

三、任务型阅读题的解题策略
1.注意词形转换、反义词、同义词、主动语态改为被动语态等
○1Don’t forget there may also be some other problems.
= Do _________ there may also be some other problems.
○2.Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.
= Shyness and ___________ make it easy to make mistakes.
○328 of the 33 gold medalists wore the body covering Rastskin suit.
=Rastskin suit was __________ by 28 of the 33 gold medal winners at the Sydney Olympics.
○4
To achieve success, you need to have a clear aim and strong determin ation.
=If you are to _________, you should be determined.
○5 Don’t speak in an angry way.
=Don’t speak ___________
○6After-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
= After-school programming is an effective method to help young people make ____________to society.
○7The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.
A tsunami(海啸) hits southern Africa, ______ cities on the African coast, and_________ millions of people.
○8 Be responsible for your own learning
=Take ____________for your own learning
○9Skin color is also affected by another source vitamin D.
=Vitamin D is another source___________ skin color.
10 We should consider what the other person needs and expects.
○
=Needs and ___________ of others should be taken into ______________.
2. 注意句子结构转换
○1The cheating athlete is not easy to catch out.
= The cheating athlete is not __________ caught out.
○2Building a list can be difficult.
= A list can be difficult to ____________=It can be difficult to build a list ○3It should offer important information.
= It’s ___________ to offer important information.
○4 Find some information before you talk to career advisers.
=Find some information before ________ career advisers.
○5About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times faster than sound.
=One piece hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the __________ of sound.
○6Please greet others whenever you can.
=Please greet others whenever____________
○7 As the company expands, it becomes more popular.
=With the company ___________, it becomes more popular.
○8It’s worth taking the time.
=The time you spend will be ___________
3. 另选其它词来释义（注意常用短语的记忆）
○1You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly.
=You are encouraged to keep records of the sources just in __________.
○2People play indoor sports in all weathers.
= People play indoor sports __________ the weather.
○3Half of the parents didn’t know about their children’s motor skills.
= Half of the parents were not __________ of their children’s motor skills. ○4These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous. They must work at their jobs while training.
=These amateur athletes will probably never become rich or famous and they must
____________ their work with training.
○5 Don’t spend time on some meaningless words.
=____________spending time on some meaningless words.
学会归纳概括词汇
概括词汇有时可以在文章中找到，有时要注意常见的搭配和文章的结构另想它词。

在平时练习中注意运用和记忆。

例： A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.
Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used.
Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:
IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are:
Cards that hold money.
Cards that provide safe access to a network.
Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy. Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or travel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive.
【备考建议】
1.注重词汇和语法的记忆和运用
许多考生最大的障碍就是词汇。

重视词汇不仅要大量背生词，而且要注重“猜词”能力的培养，善于运用构词法来扩充词汇。

不仅要求在单词量上有突破，而且要把高频词学到位.
2.加强阅读训练
阅读是一个语言知识输入的过程，同时也是文化体验的过程。

平时在阅读训练当中既要注重文章细节理解，也要注重文章主旨理解，更要注重文脉逻辑的理解。

【经典导引】（2011安徽）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.
Politeness is a mark of civilization. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accomplished by a smile and good manners.
Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
We’re likely no accept something we are told, but that’s not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical（批判性的）thinking.
Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food（垃圾食品）, they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.
All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to have an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
How will we test students o n these? We can’t. But that’s not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children: ”This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this
二、实战训练
【强化训练】
一、根据所给句子的意思填上适当的词。

每个空格只填一个单词。

1.What should we do so that our communication will be effective?
What should we do to communicate ______________?
2.Good communication ___________ on （取决于）good personal qualities.
3.The total __________ of libraries in North America is over 135,000.
4.In this way all works can be easily located by readers.
In this way readers will have little ____________ locating what they want.
5. All you have to do is to take control of your emotions and make them positive instead of letting them control you.
You have to control your emotions and make them positive instead of being _______ by them.
6.Another great way to keep yourself motivated over the holiday is to find a friend who……
Another great way to keep up your ____________ for reading over the holiday is to find….
7.Advertising agencies appeared in the latter part of the 19th century.
Advertising agencies came into ________________ in the latter part of the 19th century.
8. Advertising spending has increased dramatically in recent years.
There has been a ____________ in advertising spending.
9. We prefer to be a little cautious at this stage.
More ____________ is needed at this stage.
10. In the early 1900s the birth rate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise.
The birth rate was on the __________ and more people got divorced.
11.2.6 billion people lack proper wastewater treatment.
2.6 billion people are __________ of proper wastewater treatment.
12. The UN aims to cut in half by the year 2015 the population unable to reach or afford safe drinking water.
The UN aims to cut in half by the year 2015 the population having no _________ to safe drinking water.
13. Your own weight is the amount of the force that holds you to the earth.
The force that holds you to the earth is ___________ to your own weight.
14.Studies have shown that the presence of natural green spaces and plants is connected with a 50 percent reduction in the incidents of violent crime.
The incidents of violent crime have ___________ in places where there are natural green spaces and plants.
15.Most of the world’s rainforests are topical rainforests that grow in warm places near the earth’s equator.
The ___________ of the rainforests are topical forests, while another……
16. The trees take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
The trees __________ carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.
17. Conservationists are looking for ways that people can use the forests without destroying them.
Conservationist are trying to use the forests without causing ____________. 18.You should walk fast enough to cause you to breathe hard.
Walk fast enough to cause you to breathe with __________.
19.The drawbacks of hosting the Olympics should be taken into careful consideration. The drawbacks need to be carefully ____________ as well.
20.She is considered as a role model and an inspiration by many of her peers.
She is really a role model, _____________ many people.
21.The viewers who watch it five times a week learn more than those who watch it occasionally
_______________ viewers learn more than occasional ones.
22.The marriage lasted until 1990.
Their marriage ___________ up in 1990.
23.They should concentrate on improving their skills.
They should focus on the ____________ of their skills.
24.As China’s economy continues to steam ahead, once popular forms of entertainment appeal to be losing their appeal.
With China’s _______ development, some forms of entertainment no longer appeal to people
25. They are far better than those of the West.
They are ____________ to those of the West.
二、阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

（1）
An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning. It can last anywhere from one to six years, but four years is typical for most. An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years. The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires. Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking.
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything. The companies that hire them pay for school. What's more, it offers apprentices an "earn while you learn" opportunity. They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman, and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship, their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive. Apprenticeship also pays off for employers. It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from.
Despite the advantages, apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night, which leaves little time for anything else. Sometimes, they might be laid off (下岗) if business for the employers is slow.
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen, they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again. Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors.
Many people need guidance in choosing a career (职业). Fortunately, there is much information on the Web about job opportunities (机会). With all the information available, it's not surprising that people can feel confused. So if you're ready to start your first job or change careers, where do you begin?
The Occupation Handbook is a good resource. Regularly updated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. Not only is information provided about the United States as a whole, but readers can easily search for information about their particular state. You can read about the fastest-growing occupations in the area where you live and find out what they are like. You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
Take, for example, Nadia's situation. Nadia was a doctor's assistant in Iran, and her goal in the United States is to become a nurse. However, she needs to work while she is studying nursing. She is interested in becoming a medical assistant to help work her way through college. When going on-line to the Handbook and searching under "medical assistant", Nadia is happy to read that this is expected to be one of the fastest-growing careers through 2010. Besides, job opportunities are even better for people with experience. She discovers that medical assistants not only have to do some office work, but have medical responsibilities as well. Nadia decides this job will be interesting and will also provide excellent experience for her nursing career.
The Occupation Handbook is just an example of websites that can help you plan a new career. When you have found information about some different careers, you will be ready to talk to career advisers. Choosing your future career is an extremely important decision. It's worth taking the time and finding as much information as
For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the ‘‘sixth sense" of direction．By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answer．
One funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南针)．
Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体)．So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines
itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south．When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.
Actually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature． Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes．Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night．Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns．But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies．How can they do that?
A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon．Not all pigeons can find their way home．Those that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studied．
One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds’ heads to block their
magnetic sense—just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner．On sunny days, that did not fool the pigeons．Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going．But on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their way．It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense．
Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees．These insects also seem to have a special sense of direction．
In spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary．How
would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass.
An answer came from an unexpected source．A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the
mud of ponds and marshes．He found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in
one direction—north．
Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside，which
proved magnetic．The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the
earth’s magnet．
The big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetite．That led
to a search to see whether animals might have it.. By using a special instrument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fish．In each
animal，except for the bee．the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain．
（4）
When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.
The first step is cooperating(合作).How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding? In fact, it’s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding. When the pers on begins to repeat what’s been said,it’s a signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat some words he is using, sending a clear signal the you’re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important. Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask same open-ended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.
The fourth step is to summarize(概括)what you’ve heard.This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this, two things happen First, if you’ve missed something, he can fill in the (细节).Second, you’ve shown that you’re making an eff ort to understand completely. This increases possibility of gaining cooperation from him.
Having listened carefully, you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that this thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.
Then enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and
参考答案
任务型阅读题的解题策略
1. ○1 remember ○2 nervousness /tension ○3 worn ○4succeed ○5 angrily
○6contributions ○7 destroying; drowning ○8 responsibility ○9 affecting
○10 expectations; consideration/ account
2. ○1 easily ○2 build ○3 necessary ○4 consulting ○5 speed/ rate
○6 possible ○7 expanding ○8 worthwhile
3. ○1 case ○2 whatever ○3 aware/ conscious ○4 combine ○5 Avoid
4.(1) Types/ Kinds (2) Advantages (3) Disadvantages (4) Similarities
【经典导引】
1. Teaching/ Education/ Schooling
2. preparation
3. school(s)
4. Content(s)/ content(s)/
Subjects/ subjects/ Topics/ topics 5. politely/ properly/ well 6. managing 7. think
8. healthy/ fit 9. society 10. life
【强化训练】
一、1. well/ effectively 2. depends 3. number 4. difficulty/ trouble 5. controlled
6. motivation
7. appearance
8. rise
9. caution 10. decrease/ decline
11. short 12. access 13. equal 14. decreased/ declined 15. majority 16. absorb 17. destruction 18. inspiring 19.considered 20. inspiring
21.Regular 22. broke 23. improvement 24. economic 25. superior
二、（1）1. Apprenticeship 2. learning 3. majority 4. theoretical 5. beginning
6. journeyman’s
7. well-trained
8. laid
9. Results 10. pay （2）1. Web/Website/Net/Internet 2. confusing 3. regular 4. application 5. Situation
6. money
7. experience
8. responsibilities
9. consulting/asking 10. worthwhile （3）1. swinging 2 .Based 3. migration 4 .even 5. experiments／tests／study／research 6. block 7. cloudy 8. discovery 9. north 10 .brain(s) （4）1.Listen/Listening 2.understood 3. Suggestions/Tips/Advice 4. Nod 5. words 6.intention 7. summary 8. satisfaction 9. easier 10. hearts/minds。