初二英语数学函数图像分析单选题40道
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初二英语数学函数图像分析单选题40道
1. The speed of a car is represented by the function y = 20x, where x is the time in hours and y is the distance in kilometers. Which of the following is the graph of this function?
A. A straight line passing through the origin with a slope of 20
B. A parabola
C. A horizontal line
D. A vertical line
答案:A。
本题考查一次函数的图像特征。
一次函数y = kx(k 为常数,k≠0)的图像是一条过原点的直线,斜率为k。
在函数y = 20x 中,斜率为20,所以图像是一条过原点且斜率为20 的直线。
选项B 抛物线不符合一次函数图像;选项C 水平直线表示函数值不变,不符合;选项D 垂直直线不符合一次函数特征。
2. A water tank is being filled at a constant rate. The function y = 5x + 10 represents the amount of water in the tank after x hours. What does the y-intercept represent?
A. The initial amount of water in the tank
B. The rate at which the tank is being filled
C. The final amount of water in the tank
D. The time it takes to fill the tank
答案:A。
在一次函数y = mx + b 中,b 为y 轴截距。
在函数y = 5x + 10 中,10 是y 轴截距,代表初始时刻水箱中的水量。
选项
B 速率是5;选项
C 最终水量取决于时间x;选项
D 时间与x 有关。
3. If the function y = 3x - 6 is graphed, where does it cross the y-axis?
A. (0, -6)
B. (0, 3)
C. (3, 0)
D. (-6, 0)
答案:A。
当x = 0 时,y = 3×0 - 6 = -6,所以函数与y 轴交点为(0, -6)。
选项B 错误;选项C 是与x 轴交点;选项D 也是错误的。
4. The cost of renting a bike is $5 per hour plus a $2 deposit. The function y = 5x + 2 represents the total cost y for renting the bike for x hours. How much does it cost to rent the bike for 3 hours?
A. $17
B. $15
C. $13
D. $21
答案:A。
将x = 3 代入函数y = 5x + 2 ,y = 5×3 + 2 = 17,所以租3 小时花费17 美元。
选项B、C、D 计算错误。
5. The equation of a line is y = -2x + 4. Which of the following points lies on this line?
A. (1, 2)
B. (2, 0)
C. (0, 4)
D. (-1, 6)
答案:C。
将各点坐标代入方程,选项A,当x = 1 时,y = -2×1 + 4 = 2,不符合;选项B,当x = 2 时,y = -2×2 + 4 = 0,不符合;选项C,当x = 0 时,y = -2×0 + 4 = 4,符合;选项D,当x = -1 时,y = -2×(-1) + 4 = 6,不符合。
6.Which of the following is the graph of the quadratic function y = x^2 - 2x + 1?
A. A parabola opening upward with vertex at (1, 0)
B. A parabola opening downward with vertex at (1, 0)
C. A parabola opening upward with vertex at (0, 1)
D. A parabola opening downward with vertex at (0, 1)
答案:A。
本题考查二次函数的图像性质。
对于函数y = x^2 - 2x + 1,可化为y = (x - 1)^2,其顶点坐标为(1, 0),二次项系数为1 大于0,所以抛物线开口向上。
选项 B 开口方向错误;选项 C 和 D 的顶点坐标错误。
7.The graph of the quadratic function y = -2(x + 1)^2 + 3 is:
A. A parabola opening upward with vertex at (-1, 3)
B. A parabola opening downward with vertex at (-1, 3)
C. A parabola opening upward with vertex at (1, -3)
D. A parabola opening downward with vertex at (1, -3)
答案:B。
因为二次项系数-2 小于0,所以抛物线开口向下。
函数可化为顶点式y = -2(x + 1)^2 + 3,顶点坐标为(-1, 3)。
选项 A 开口方向错误;选项C 和D 的顶点坐标错误。
8.Which function has a graph that is narrower than the graph of y = x^2?
A. y = 2x^2
B. y = 0.5x^2
C. y = -x^2
D. y = -2x^2
答案:A。
二次函数中,二次项系数越大,抛物线开口越窄。
在选项中,2 大于1,所以y = 2x^2 的图像比y = x^2 更窄。
选项B 系数小于1,图像更宽;选项C 和D 只是改变了开口方向,宽窄不变。
9.The vertex of the quadratic function y = 3(x - 2)^2 - 5 is:
A. (2, -5)
B. (-2, 5)
C. (-2, -5)
D. (2, 5)
答案:A。
对于函数y = 3(x - 2)^2 - 5,顶点式中顶点坐标为(2, -5)。
选项B、C、D 的坐标错误。
10.Which of the following is the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = (x - 3)^2 + 1?
A. x = -3
B. x = 3
C. y = -3
D. y = 3
答案:B。
二次函数顶点式y = (x - 3)^2 + 1 的对称轴为直线x = 3。
选项A 错误;选项C 和D 是纵坐标,不是对称轴。
11.Which of the following is the equation of a inverse proportion function?
A. y = 2x
B. y = x + 1
C. y = 1/x
D. y = x^2
答案:C。
本题考查反比例函数的定义。
反比例函数的一般形式是y = k/x k 为常数,k≠0)。
选项 A 是一次函数;选项B 是一次函数的变形;选项D 是二次函数;选项C 符合反比例函数的形式。
12.The graph of an inverse proportion function y = k/x passes through the point (2, 3). What is the value of k?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
答案:D。
因为函数图像过点(2, 3),所以把点代入函数可得3 =
k/2,解得k = 6。
13.Which of the following statements is true for the graph of an inverse proportion function?
A. It is a straight line.
B. It passes through the origin.
C. It is symmetrical about the origin.
D. It is symmetrical about the x-axis.
答案:C。
反比例函数的图像是以原点为对称中心的中心对称的两条曲线。
选项A,反比例函数图像不是直线;选项B,反比例函数图像不过原点;选项D,它不是关于x 轴对称。
14.For an inverse proportion function y = 6/x, when x increases, y will:
A. increase
B. decrease
C. remain unchanged
D. cannot be determined
答案:B。
对于反比例函数y = k/x,当k > 0 时,当x 增大,y 会减小。
本题中k = 6 > 0,所以当x 增大,y 会减小。
15.If the graph of an inverse proportion function is in the second and fourth quadrants, then the value of k:
A. is positive
B. is negative
C. is zero
D. cannot be determined
答案:B。
反比例函数图像在二、四象限,说明k < 0。
16. If the graph of the function y = 2x is stretched vertically by a factor of 3, the equation of the new graph is:
A. y = 6x
B. y = 2x + 3
C. y = 3(2x)
D. y = 2(3x)
答案:A。
本题考查函数图像的伸缩变换。
原函数为y = 2x,纵向拉伸3 倍,即系数变为原来的3 倍,所以新函数为y = 6x。
17. The graph of the function y = x^2 is shifted 2 units to the right. The equation of the new graph is:
A. y = (x - 2)^2
B. y = (x + 2)^2
C. y = x^2 - 2
D. y = x^2 + 2
答案:A。
函数图像的平移规律,向右平移2 个单位,自变量x 需要减去2,所以新函数为y = (x - 2)^2。
18. If the graph of the function y = sin x is compressed horizontally by a factor of 2, the equation of the new graph is:
A. y = sin 2x
B. y = sin (x/2)
C. y = 2 sin x
D. y = 0.5 sin x
答案:B。
对于正弦函数,水平压缩意味着自变量x 的系数变大,所以新函数为y = sin (x/2)。
19. The graph of the function y = √x is shifted 3 units up. The equation of the new graph is:
A. y = √x + 3
B. y = √(x - 3)
C. y = √(x + 3)
D. y = √x - 3
答案:A。
函数图像向上平移3 个单位,在函数表达式整体上加3,所以新函数为y = √x + 3。
20. The graph of the function y = cos x is stretched horizontally by a factor of 3, the equation of the new graph is:
A. y = cos 3x
B. y = cos (x/3)
C. y = 3 cos x
D. y = 0.33 cos x
答案:B。
水平拉伸意味着自变量x 的系数变小,所以新函数为y = cos (x/3) 。
21. In the function y = 2x - 4, the x-intercept is:
A. 0
B. 2
C. -2
D. 4
答案:B。
本题考查函数与x 轴交点,即当y = 0 时,0 = 2x - 4,解得x = 2,所以x 轴交点为2。
22. For the function y = -3x + 6, the y-intercept is:
A. -3
B. 0
C. 6
D. 3
答案:C。
当x = 0 时,y = -3×0 + 6 = 6,所以y 轴交点为6。
23. The x-intercept of the function y = 5x - 10 is:
A. 2
B. -2
C. 5
D. -5
答案:A。
令y = 0,0 = 5x - 10,解得x = 2,x 轴交点为2。
24. In the function y = 4x + 8, the y-intercept is:
A. 4
B. -4
C. 8
D. -8
答案:C。
当x = 0 时,y = 4×0 + 8 = 8,y 轴交点为8。
25. The x-intercept of the function y = -2x + 6 is:
A. 3
B. -3
C. 2
D. -2
答案:A。
令y = 0,0 = -2x + 6,解得x = 3,x 轴交点为3。
26. Which of the following functions has symmetry about the y-axis?
A. y = x^2 + 1
B. y = 2x - 1
C. y = 1/x
D. y = x^3
答案:A。
本题考查函数图像的对称性。
对于选项A,y = x^2 + 1 是一个二次函数,其图像是一个开口向上的抛物线,对称轴为y 轴,具有关于y 轴对称性。
选项B 是一次函数,图像是一条直线,不关于y 轴对称。
选项C 是反比例函数,图像关于原点对称,不关于y 轴对称。
选项D 是三次函数,图像不关于y 轴对称。
27. The graph of the function y = -x^2 is symmetric about:
A. The x-axis
B. The y-axis
C. The origin
D. The line y = x
答案:B。
y = -x^2 是一个二次函数,其图像开口向下,对称轴为y 轴,所以关于y 轴对称。
28. Which function has symmetry about the origin?
A. y = sin x
B. y = cos x
C. y = tan x
D. y = cot x
答案:C。
在三角函数中,正切函数y = tan x 的图像关于原点对称。
29. The function y = |x| is symmetric about:
A. The x-axis
B. The y-axis
C. The origin
D. None of the above
答案:B。
y = |x| 的图像是一个V 字形,关于y 轴对称。
30. For the function y = x^4, its symmetry is:
A. Only about the x-axis
B. Only about the y-axis
C. About both the x-axis and the y-axis
D. About the origin
答案:B。
y = x^4 是一个偶函数,其图像关于y 轴对称。
31.Which of the following functions has a graph that passes through
the point (2, 8)?
A. y = 2x
B. y = x^2
C. y = 4x
D. y = x + 6
答案:B。
本题考查函数图像上点的坐标与函数表达式的关系。
将点(2, 8)分别代入各选项,A 选项,y = 2×2 = 4,不符合;B 选项,y = 2^2 = 4,符合;C 选项,y = 4×2 = 8,不符合;D 选项,y = 2 + 6 = 8,不符合。
所以选B。
32.The graph of the function y = -2x + 4 intersects the x-axis at the point:
A. (0, 4)
B. (2, 0)
C. (0, -2)
D. (-2, 0)
答案:B。
当函数与x 轴相交时,y = 0。
将y = 0 代入函数,0 = -2x + 4,解得x = 2,所以交点为(2, 0),故选B。
33.Which function has a graph that is a straight line parallel to the x-axis?
A. y = 5
B. x = 5
C. y = x
答案:A。
平行于x 轴的直线表示y 值恒定,A 选项y = 5 中y 值始终为5,是平行于x 轴的直线,故选A。
34.The graph of the function y = 3x - 6 has a slope of:
A. -6
B. 3
C. -3
D. 6
答案:B。
一次函数y = kx + b 中,斜率为k,本题中k = 3,所以斜率为3,故选B。
35.If the graph of a function is symmetric about the y-axis, which of the following could be the function?
A. y = x^3
B. y = |x|
C. y = 2x
D. y = 1/x
答案:B。
关于y 轴对称的函数是偶函数,A 选项为奇函数,C 选项为奇函数,D 选项为奇函数,B 选项y = |x| 是偶函数,图像关于y 轴对称,故选B。
36. The graph shows the relationship between the distance a car travels and the time it takes. If the car travels at a constant speed, which equation represents the relationship?
B. y = 3x
C. y = 4x
D. y = 5x
答案:A。
本题考查正比例函数的应用。
根据图像,汽车速度不变,即距离与时间成正比例关系。
设速度为v,时间为x,距离为y,则y = vx。
通过图像可计算出速度v = 2,所以方程为y = 2x。
37. A company's profit is modeled by the function graph. Which of the following intervals shows the company is making a loss?
A. 0 < x < 2
B. 2 < x < 4
C. 4 < x < 6
D. 6 < x < 8
答案:A。
本题考查函数图像与实际意义。
利润为负即亏损,从图像中可以看出,当0 < x < 2 时,函数值在x 轴下方,即利润为负,公司处于亏损状态。
38. The graph represents the temperature change in a city over a day. At what time is the temperature the highest?
A. 12 pm
B. 2 pm
C. 4 pm
D. 6 pm
答案:B。
本题考查函数图像的读取。
通过观察图像,2 pm 时对应的温度值最高。
39. The graph shows the number of products sold by a store in different months. In which month did the store sell the most products?
A. January
B. March
C. May
D. July
答案:C。
本题考查对函数图像数据的分析。
观察图像中各月份对应的销售数量,五月份对应的数值最大,所以五月份销售的产品最多。
40. The graph represents the relationship between the cost of production and the number of units produced. How does the cost change as the number of units increases?
A. It increases linearly.
B. It decreases linearly.
C. It increases exponentially.
D. It remains constant.
答案:A。
本题考查函数图像的趋势。
从图像可以看出,随着生产数量的增加,成本呈线性增长。