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科技英语中倍数的表达与翻译
存在的问题 出现问题的原因 英语倍数增减的表达方式与翻译方法
一、存在的问题
“N times bigger than ”或“N times as bigger as ”以及“increase N times” 或“ increase to N times”等是译为 “大N倍”还是“大N－1倍”；“增加了 N倍”还是“增加了N－1倍” 1）The new method was over ten times more efficient than the traditional one. 2)We’re now hauling in ten times more fish than we did then.
三、英语倍数增减的表达方式与翻译方法
1、用times表达倍数增加的常见句型 1)A is N times bigger than B 2)A is bigger than B by N times 3)A is N times as big as B 4)A is N times the size of B 5) 表 示 增 加 意 义 的 动 词 与 times 连 用 , 即 ： increase by N times /to N times/ N times 根据考证，以上句型的实际含义相同，均为 A=B×N；都可翻译为：A的大小是B的N倍或A比 B大/或增加了N-1倍。
3.汉语有“增加N倍”（不包括基数）和 “增加到N倍”（包括基数）两种表达方 式，前一种表达方式比后一种表达方式 多一倍。外语表达倍数通常把基数包括 在内，在这种情况下，译成汉语如采用 “比……增加N倍”这种不包括基数的表 达方式，须注意把原文的倍数减一。
4。汉语的强比较“A比B大（或多）N倍” 不包括基数，英语的强比较通常把基数 包括在内，译成汉语时倍数要减一。如 果要保持原文所用的倍数不变，则不能 照样使用“A比B大多少倍”的句式，而 要改用“A有B多少倍大” “A为B多少倍” 这类句式。
5、用本身表示增倍的动词 这类动词有double（增加一倍，或翻一番）、 treble （ 增 加 两 倍 ， 或 增 加 到 三 倍 ） 、 triple（同treble）、quadruple(增加三倍， 或翻两番)、quintuple（增加四倍，或增加到 五倍）等，如： ① The growth rate of GNP per capita for China will be quadrupled by 2000. ②The number of faculty and staff of this college has doubled over the recent eight years. ③Railways in the Northwest of China have tripled as compa1. 倍数的用法和实数（人数、钱数、岁数、物 件数等）、分数、百分数的用法不同。实数、 分数、百分数用于各种场合，其数值不变；倍 数则有包括和不包括基数的两种表示方式，两 种表达的数值相差一倍。
2.英语有乘除两用词。这些词用于数量增长或强 比较，表示用某数乘基数，得出所求的倍数； 用于数量减少或弱比较，表示用某数除基数， 得出所求的分数。
示例：
①The equipment under improvement will reduce the error probability by a factor of seven. 正在改进的设备将使误差概率降 低6/7（或……降到1/7）。 ② The turnover of the company has grown fivefold over the past ten years.某公司 的销售额十年来增加了四倍。 ③ The machines improves the working conditions and raises efficiency fourfold.
⑧Forests and new methods of farming are checking soil erosion and increasing yields. Whole communities have doubled their production of food. Some farms have increased production three times while at the same time, restoring their soil. ⑨In the past decade of reform and opening, the exports of this province increased by six times. ⑩The total output value of this factory this year increased by 3.6 times as compared with that of two years ago.
④The automatic assembly line shortened the assembling time five times. ⑤In the last fiscal year the expenditure on capital construction had a five times decline compared with the fiscal year before last. ⑥With more and more households using gas, coal consumption as fuel in this city is now three times less than ten years ago.
4、表示增减意义的动词与by a factor of +N 或N-fold连用,即 increase
by a factor of N / N-fold
decrease 以上句式结构中，N>1，N-fold可类比N-times。 分别表示增加了N-1倍或减少了N-1/N , 译为： ……增加到N倍或增加了N-1倍 ……减少到1/N或减少了N-1/N
①Chromiun masks last 10 to 100 times longer than the emulsion masks. ②The frequency range of signal generator model 900B is twice broader than that of model 800A. ③This diode produces about 10 times more radiant power than that one. ④The increase of investment was one and a half times or from one million USD to one and a half million USD.
示例：
① The amount of fixed capital employed in the production of a piece of British muslin is at least a hundred ,probably a thousand times greater than that employed in a similar piece of Indian muslin .And the proportion of circulating capital is a hundred or thousand times less. ②Technical innovation reduced the cost of production by four times. ③In 1766 the English scientist Henry Cavendish had shown that hydrogen was
⑤The latest projected figure of the world’s population for the year 2000 is 6.2 billion. This is two and a half times larger than in 1950. ⑥The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. ⑦The strength of the attraction or repulsion increases by 2×2=4 times if the original charges is behalved.
2、用times表示倍数减少的常见句型 1) A is N times smaller than B 2) A is smaller than B by N times 3) A is N times as small as B 4) 表 示 减 少 意 义 的 动 词 与 times 连 用 , 即 ： decrease by N times /to N times/ N times 以上句型的实际含义相同，均为A=B÷N；翻译： A是B的1/N或A比B小/减少（N-1）/N。
3、不用times，表示倍数增减的特殊句型 1 ） …as much (many 、 large 、 fast) again as … 表示净增一倍，译为：……比……多（多、大、 快）一倍（或：……是……的两倍）。 This year we have produced as many TV sets again as compared with last year. 2 ） …half as much (many 、 large 、 fast) as … 译 为 ： …… 比 …… 少 （ 少 、 小 、 慢 ） 一 半 （或：……是……的一半）。 The convalescence of rheumatic patients treated by acupuncture is generally half as short as the convalescence of those treated by other therapy.
3 ） … half as much (many 、 large 、 fast) again as … 译 为 ： …… 比 …… 多 （ 多 、 大 、 快 ） 一 半 （或：……是……的一倍半）。 例 ： ① Wheel A rotates half as fast again as wheel B. A轮的转速是B轮的一倍半。 ② The total amount of energy was estimated to be half as much again as the energy wasted in overcoming the friction.
④The product of 6 hours’work has increased sixfold, from 6 lbs. to 36 lbs. ⑤The machines improves the working conditions and raises efficiency fourfold. ⑥The principal advantage over the oldfashioned typewriter is fourfold reduction in weight. ⑦The new technology introduced from west Germany raised the efficiency of phthaline anhydride production by a factor of three..
存在的问题 出现问题的原因 英语倍数增减的表达方式与翻译方法
一、存在的问题
“N times bigger than ”或“N times as bigger as ”以及“increase N times” 或“ increase to N times”等是译为 “大N倍”还是“大N－1倍”；“增加了 N倍”还是“增加了N－1倍” 1）The new method was over ten times more efficient than the traditional one. 2)We’re now hauling in ten times more fish than we did then.
三、英语倍数增减的表达方式与翻译方法
1、用times表达倍数增加的常见句型 1)A is N times bigger than B 2)A is bigger than B by N times 3)A is N times as big as B 4)A is N times the size of B 5) 表 示 增 加 意 义 的 动 词 与 times 连 用 , 即 ： increase by N times /to N times/ N times 根据考证，以上句型的实际含义相同，均为 A=B×N；都可翻译为：A的大小是B的N倍或A比 B大/或增加了N-1倍。
3.汉语有“增加N倍”（不包括基数）和 “增加到N倍”（包括基数）两种表达方 式，前一种表达方式比后一种表达方式 多一倍。外语表达倍数通常把基数包括 在内，在这种情况下，译成汉语如采用 “比……增加N倍”这种不包括基数的表 达方式，须注意把原文的倍数减一。
4。汉语的强比较“A比B大（或多）N倍” 不包括基数，英语的强比较通常把基数 包括在内，译成汉语时倍数要减一。如 果要保持原文所用的倍数不变，则不能 照样使用“A比B大多少倍”的句式，而 要改用“A有B多少倍大” “A为B多少倍” 这类句式。
5、用本身表示增倍的动词 这类动词有double（增加一倍，或翻一番）、 treble （ 增 加 两 倍 ， 或 增 加 到 三 倍 ） 、 triple（同treble）、quadruple(增加三倍， 或翻两番)、quintuple（增加四倍，或增加到 五倍）等，如： ① The growth rate of GNP per capita for China will be quadrupled by 2000. ②The number of faculty and staff of this college has doubled over the recent eight years. ③Railways in the Northwest of China have tripled as compa1. 倍数的用法和实数（人数、钱数、岁数、物 件数等）、分数、百分数的用法不同。实数、 分数、百分数用于各种场合，其数值不变；倍 数则有包括和不包括基数的两种表示方式，两 种表达的数值相差一倍。
2.英语有乘除两用词。这些词用于数量增长或强 比较，表示用某数乘基数，得出所求的倍数； 用于数量减少或弱比较，表示用某数除基数， 得出所求的分数。
示例：
①The equipment under improvement will reduce the error probability by a factor of seven. 正在改进的设备将使误差概率降 低6/7（或……降到1/7）。 ② The turnover of the company has grown fivefold over the past ten years.某公司 的销售额十年来增加了四倍。 ③ The machines improves the working conditions and raises efficiency fourfold.
⑧Forests and new methods of farming are checking soil erosion and increasing yields. Whole communities have doubled their production of food. Some farms have increased production three times while at the same time, restoring their soil. ⑨In the past decade of reform and opening, the exports of this province increased by six times. ⑩The total output value of this factory this year increased by 3.6 times as compared with that of two years ago.
④The automatic assembly line shortened the assembling time five times. ⑤In the last fiscal year the expenditure on capital construction had a five times decline compared with the fiscal year before last. ⑥With more and more households using gas, coal consumption as fuel in this city is now three times less than ten years ago.
4、表示增减意义的动词与by a factor of +N 或N-fold连用,即 increase
by a factor of N / N-fold
decrease 以上句式结构中，N>1，N-fold可类比N-times。 分别表示增加了N-1倍或减少了N-1/N , 译为： ……增加到N倍或增加了N-1倍 ……减少到1/N或减少了N-1/N
①Chromiun masks last 10 to 100 times longer than the emulsion masks. ②The frequency range of signal generator model 900B is twice broader than that of model 800A. ③This diode produces about 10 times more radiant power than that one. ④The increase of investment was one and a half times or from one million USD to one and a half million USD.
示例：
① The amount of fixed capital employed in the production of a piece of British muslin is at least a hundred ,probably a thousand times greater than that employed in a similar piece of Indian muslin .And the proportion of circulating capital is a hundred or thousand times less. ②Technical innovation reduced the cost of production by four times. ③In 1766 the English scientist Henry Cavendish had shown that hydrogen was
⑤The latest projected figure of the world’s population for the year 2000 is 6.2 billion. This is two and a half times larger than in 1950. ⑥The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. ⑦The strength of the attraction or repulsion increases by 2×2=4 times if the original charges is behalved.
2、用times表示倍数减少的常见句型 1) A is N times smaller than B 2) A is smaller than B by N times 3) A is N times as small as B 4) 表 示 减 少 意 义 的 动 词 与 times 连 用 , 即 ： decrease by N times /to N times/ N times 以上句型的实际含义相同，均为A=B÷N；翻译： A是B的1/N或A比B小/减少（N-1）/N。
3、不用times，表示倍数增减的特殊句型 1 ） …as much (many 、 large 、 fast) again as … 表示净增一倍，译为：……比……多（多、大、 快）一倍（或：……是……的两倍）。 This year we have produced as many TV sets again as compared with last year. 2 ） …half as much (many 、 large 、 fast) as … 译 为 ： …… 比 …… 少 （ 少 、 小 、 慢 ） 一 半 （或：……是……的一半）。 The convalescence of rheumatic patients treated by acupuncture is generally half as short as the convalescence of those treated by other therapy.
3 ） … half as much (many 、 large 、 fast) again as … 译 为 ： …… 比 …… 多 （ 多 、 大 、 快 ） 一 半 （或：……是……的一倍半）。 例 ： ① Wheel A rotates half as fast again as wheel B. A轮的转速是B轮的一倍半。 ② The total amount of energy was estimated to be half as much again as the energy wasted in overcoming the friction.
④The product of 6 hours’work has increased sixfold, from 6 lbs. to 36 lbs. ⑤The machines improves the working conditions and raises efficiency fourfold. ⑥The principal advantage over the oldfashioned typewriter is fourfold reduction in weight. ⑦The new technology introduced from west Germany raised the efficiency of phthaline anhydride production by a factor of three..