常用英语基础知识

一、一个星期七天SundayMonday Tuesday WednesdayThursday FridaySaturday
二、一年十二个月January February March AprilMay JuneJulyAugust September OctoberNovemberDecember三、一年四季 1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty 四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十四、亲属称呼1. daughter 女儿2. niece 女性晚辈 3. nephew 男性晚辈 4. cousin 同辈兄弟姐妹 5. aunt 女性长辈 6. uncle 男性长辈五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1. regret regretted, regretting 后悔 2. control controlled, controlling 控制3. admit admitted, admitting 承认 4. occur occurred, occurring 出现5. prefer preferred, preferring 宁愿6. refer referred, referring 提到7. forget forgetting 忘记8. permit permitted, permitting允许9. equip equipped, equipping 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写英国英语也可不双写美国英语六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast broadcast, broadcast 广播 2. flee fled, fled 逃跑 3. forbid forbade, forbidden 禁止 4. forgive forgave, forgiven 原谅 5. freeze froze, frozen 结冰 6. hang 作“绞死”讲,是规则的；作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung7. lie –lied –lied 说谎;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置8. seek sought, sought 寻求 9. shake shook, shaken 发抖10. sing sang, sung 唱歌 11. sink sank, sunk/sunken 下沉12. spread spread, spread 传播 13. swim swam, swum 游泳14. tear tore, torn 撕碎16.wear wore; worn 穿/戴17.hold held, held 18.make made, made19. keep kept, kept七、意思相近的词 1. check 核对/examine检查/test测试 2. receive收到 /accept接受3. destroy 毁坏；毁灭/ damage破坏4. celebrate 庆祝/congratulate祝贺5. wear sth /dress sb穿衣八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. long—length 长度 2. wide—width 宽度 3. high—height 高度4. strong—strength力量九、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加
ing或ed1. picnic picnicked, picnicking 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German Germans 德国人 2. gulf gulfs 海湾 3. handkerchief handkerchiefs 手帕roof roofs 房顶4. hero 英雄,potato 土豆,tomato 西红柿等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es;十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化 1. s u c c ee d—su c c ess成功 2.p ro n o un c e—pr o n un c i at io n发音 3. explain—explanation解释 4. decide—decision 决定 5. enter—entrance 进入 6. permit—permission 允许7. consider—consideration 考虑 8. expect—expectation 期待9. discover—discovery 发现10. bury—burial 埋葬11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论12. arrive—arrival 到达13. weigh—weight 重量 14. describe—description 描述15. lose—loss 损失16. anxious---anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化 1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully 2. possible可能的—possibly3. practical 实际的—practically 4. particular特别的—particularly5. successful成功的—successfully十三、其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席absent adj. 3. accept 接受 4. accident事故 accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地 5. achievement成就 achieve v. 获得 6. address地址7. admire钦佩8. admit承认admitted9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 agricultural adj. 农业的industry 工业industrial工业的11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的13. announce宣告、通知announcement n. 口头通知14. anxiety 忧虑 anxious adj. 焦急的,anxiously adv. 焦急地15. apologize v. 道歉 apology n. 道歉16. appear 出现appearance 外貌 n.disappear消失/不见17. appreciate感激/欣赏感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.18. Asian亚洲的 19. assistant 助手20. astonish吃惊 astonishment n. 吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的21. astronaut 宇航员 22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 n / v attempt to do sth24. attentively 专心地 25. attention 专心pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度 27. attract 吸引
attraction吸引力28. average平均 / 平均的on average平均30. balance 平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 beautiful, beautifully beautify美化32. believe相信 belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs33. beyond超过34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地37.broad宽阔的 38. broadcast广播broadcast ; broadcast;39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地40. ceiling天花板 41. cinema电影院42. celebrate庆祝 43. celebration 庆祝n.44. century 世纪 45. challenge 挑战46. character 性格47. charge收费 be charge of / take charge of 管理…48. comfort v. & n. 安慰comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地50. comment 评论51. communicate vtcommunication n 交流52. competition 竞赛 compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者53. composition 作文 54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 56. condition情况 conditions条件57. concern 关心vt 58. congratulations 祝贺 congratulate v.59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地60. construction建设61. continue继续62. contribution 贡献contribute v.make contributions to 对…做出贡献63. convenient adj. 方便的conveniently方便地 64. conversation 谈话65. coughing咳嗽66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruel的 adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.68. curious 好奇的 curiosity n. 好奇 69. culturecultural文化的adj.70. customer 顾客 72. custom习俗 73. destroy毁灭其过去式是destroyed74. declare宣称 75. delicious 美味76. damage损坏77. determined 有决心的be determined to do sth 决心做某事78. develop发展 development n.developing 发展中的,developed发达的79. dialogue 对话 80. diary 日记dairy 奶制品81. difference 不同点复数differencesdifferent不同的differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed失望的 disappointing 让人失望的83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer85.
disturb打扰86. dollar美元其复数是dollars87. downstairs楼下upstairs 楼上88. dream梦想其过去式是dreamed或dreamt89. electricity电electrical电的,electric 电的90. employ 雇用 employment n. employer 雇主, employee雇员91. empty倒空可用动词,其过去式是emptied92. encourage 鼓励 encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量94. envelope 信封 95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal 平等的 equality平等97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential重要的100. European 欧洲人 101. event事件107. expert 专家102. excellent极好 excellence n. excellently adv.104. exhibition展览105. expense 耗费expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验/经历experienced 有经验的an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历have much experience经验丰富108. express vt 表达 expressionn . impress 印象impression n.109. failv.失败 failuren.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar熟悉的 be familiar to /with112. favorite 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的113. figure人物/数字 114. finger手指 115. flight飞行116. forehead前额 117. foreign外国的118. fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 frozen 冷冻的121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具 123.far 远的 further 进一步的124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说125. geography 地理126. Germany德国127. government政府 128. gradual 逐渐的gradually 逐渐地129. graduation毕业 graduate from毕业于 130. grammar语法131. habit习惯form a habit of 养成…习惯132. handkerchief 手绢 133. honest 诚实的honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉 135. imagination 想象力imagine v.136. immediate 立即的 immediately马上adv. incident小事件140. including包括 include v.141．independent 独立的 142. industry工业 industrial adj. 工业的143. information 信息 144. instrument 仪器145. institute学院146. inspire激励 inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的,
inspired受鼓舞的147. interest 兴趣 interesting有兴趣的 be interested in对…感兴趣148. interrupt 打断150. introduce介绍 introduction n.151. regular规则的irregular 不规则的 152. journey旅程153. judge判断judgment judging from 根据…来判断154. kindergarten幼儿园 155. knowledge 知识 156. labor/labour劳动157. late 迟的late1y最近 158. laugh笑 laughter笑声159. law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的160. library 图书馆librarian图书馆理员161. lose掉失,lost ,lost loss 损失 n.162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志 164. majority 大多数166. manage 设法 manager经理, management管理manage to do 设法做到..167. market市场supermarket超市168. marriage 结婚 marry v. 结婚,married已婚的get married to 与某人结婚169. materials材料 171. mayor市长172. mean 意味、打算meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的173. measure测量take measures 采取措施174. medal 奖章比较：model 模型metal 金属175. memory记忆力 memorize v. 记住,remember 记得176. message 口信 178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀 murderer 凶手183. music 音乐 musical 音乐的musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的 mystery 神秘185. nationality国籍nation 国家,national国家的186. nature 自然natural自然的 187. naughty 淘气的 188. normal 正常的190. necessary 必要it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey 遵守break 违反192. obvious 明显的obviously 明显地193. offer主动提供offer to do sth 主动做某事194. operate动手术operation手术195. opportunity 机会=chance196. ordinary 普通的197. organize/organise组织organization组织198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. problem难题question问题201. patience耐心patient耐心的；病人patiently耐心地203. perfect 完美的 perfectlyPractice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform 表演205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit 许可 vt permission许
可 n208. persuaded说服 209. phenomenon 现象phenomena 现象复数210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot 飞行员212. poisonous 有毒的 poison 213. political 政治的 politics214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位217. possibility-ies可能性 possible 可能的 218. poverty 贫穷n poor贫穷的 220. practice实践practical 可实施的,实际的221. prepare准备preparation222. press 压/按pressure压力223. pretend假装pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授 225. profit 利润226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大227. pronounce发音pronunciation n.发音228. provide 提供比较： supply/ provide sb with sthoffer sb sth提供某人某物,229. public 公众230. purpose目的on purpose 故意地231. quality质量/素质232. quantity数量233. realize 实现vtrealityn.现实234. receive 收到235. recently最近= lately236. recycle 循环再用 237. recognize 认出238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb 请带我向某人问候239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt.重复repetitionn.重复 241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆244. satisfaction满意 satisfy, satisfied, satisfying246. Saturday星期六 247. scientific 科学的248. scientific科学的 249. secretary秘书250. secretly 秘密地251. separately单独地252. separate 单独的adj、分开vt253. serious 严重的 seriously 254. serve v – service n服务255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 安静 silent安静的-silently安静地257. succeed vi 成功success n 成功 successful adj 成功的 successfully advSucceed in doing sth 成功做某事=be successful to do sth258. similar 类似的 similarity –ies相似之处 259. situation形势/情况260. slightly 稍微 261. society 社会 social adj. 社会的262. southern南方的northern 北方的 western 西方的eastern 东方的263. special特别的 264. species 物种单复数同形265. spring春天266. square 平方267. steal –stole --stolen偷268. straight直的269. suit合适suitable合适的270. support
支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口271. surprise吃惊to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是be surprised at 对..感到吃惊272. surround 包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境273. swimming游泳n.276. temperature 温度 284. umbrella雨伞274. technique 技术 technical adj. 技术的 275. technology技术277. theory 理论in theory理论上278. thirst 渴n thirsty 口渴的adj279. thorough 彻底的 280. total合计 281. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车282. translate翻译translation 翻译translator翻译家283. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译286. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地287. unwilling 不愿意 willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志be willing to do 愿意做…290. vacation假期=holiday 291. various各种各样的 varietyn. 种类292. victim受害者 293. victory胜利 294. vocabulary 词汇295. voyage航行296. waste 浪费It’s a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费297. wealth财富 298. weather天气 whether是否299. whisper 低语300.w o r s h i p崇拜。