03研究生英语水平测试A卷(含答案)

English Qualification Examination Paper
For the Postgraduates of Information Engineering University
Paper One
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)
Section 1:
Directions: In this section, you are going to listen to an IT professional discussing the dangers of the internet. Before you listen, look at questions one to ten. The conversation will be read only once.
Questions 1--7
Complete the table below. Write no more than three words for each answer.
Questions 8--10
Choose the correct letters A-C.
8. What do email service providers do to protect you?
A. issue expensive phone bills
B. provide filter functions
C. provide an identity
9. How do offenders avoid detection?
A. They take a lot from many people.
B. They take a little from one person.
C. They take a little from many people.
10. Who can you seek for assistance?
A. the victims
B. institutions and organizations
C. an internet office
Section 2: Passages
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Passage 1
11. A. How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds.
B. The differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language.
C. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of language
development.
D. The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice.
12. A. To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds.
B. To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry.
C. To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds.
D. To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like.
13. A. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire language earlier than those
to a single language.
B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.
C. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.
D. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents’ language.
14. A. They understand the rhythm.
B. They enjoy the sounds of them.
C. They can remember them easily.
D. They focus on their parents’ work.
Passage 2
15. A. The new system the immigration office has
B. The tips for applicants to line up
C. The information immigrants have to provide
D. The procedure applicants have to obey
16. A. They are scared of the thieves.
B. They are more careful than before.
C. They are afraid of being sent back home.
D. There are no thieves now.
17. A. They start lining up outside the building at 6:00 p.m.
B. They can finish their application in an hour.
C. They have to make an appointment 15 minutes before.
D. 40 applicants can be processed in an hour.
Passage 3
18. A. It won’t have any side-effect
B. It can be as effective as conventional treatments
C. It can kill drug-resistant tumours
D. It can stop cancer cells from spreading in the body
19. A. How to strengthen the body’s immune system
B. How to inject viruses directly into tumours
C. How to allow viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do
D. How to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours effectively
20. A. To use it to cure 75% of the patients with malignant cancers
B. To apply it to treat all kinds of cancers
C. To make it accepted by the patients with incurable cancers
D. To apply it to those with secondary cancers
Section 3: Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
From a personal 21. _______, to doing searches on the Internet, to the autopilot function, simple artificial intelligence, or AI, has been around for some time, but is quickly getting more 22. _______ and more intelligent.
“If we are going to make systems that are going to be more intelligent than us, it’s absolutely essential for us to understand how to absolutely 23. _______ that they only do things that we are happy with.”
Computer science professor Stuart Russell says, many present-day jobs that are labor 24. _______, or require data analysis, such as in the financial industry, will be replaced by machines with artificial intelligence.
“But if we replaced all the jobs that require human physical labor and then we replace all the jobs that require human mental labor, then you have to ask about what, what’s left?”
Guruduth Banavar of IBM sees a future in which new jobs skills will be 25. _______.
“The future will require everybody to work with these learning reasoning machines. So I think the skill set for many of these jobs will end up being different in the future.”
Russell envisions that AI will change the economy and the 26. _______life.
“Most people will be employed, possibly even self-employed, in providing 27. _______ personal services to other human beings, that we won’t have mass employment in manufacturing or in financial services. The kinds of scenarios where there is a giant factory or a giant office building with thousands of people doing the same thing will go away.”
Artificial intelligence is already transforming the health care industry. AI can process huge 28. _______ data and have the most up-to-date research to help doctors diagnose and treat patients. IBM’s Watson 29. _______________________________________________________ in North and South America, Europe and Asia.
“The difference between going to a doctor who has Wats on versus not having Watson is very big, because when you go to a doctor today you might find somebody who is 10 years out of date.”
But there is also a dangerous side of artificial intelligence-autonomous weapons out of drone technology .
“The risk with a utonomous weapons is that people will use them as a kind of poor man’s weapon of mass destruction-a poor man’s nuclear weapon.”
Russell says 30. _______________________________________________ to ban this type of weapon.
“It is a race against time because the weapons are starting to emerge, the research is moving into development, development is moving into production.”
While it is up for debate whether artificial intelligence will hurt or benefit mankind, researchers say, it is a fact that 31. __________________________________________________ many aspects of life.
Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)
AI-spy
ARTIFICIAL intelligence (AI) is barging its way into business. As our special report this week explains, firms of all types are harnessing AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017 companies spent around $22bn on AI related mergers and acquisitions, about 26 times more than in 2015. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank, reckons that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value, including profits and efficiencies, of $2.7trn over the next 20 years. Google’s boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.
Such forecasts kindle anxiety as well as hope. Many fret that AI could destroy jobs faster than it creates them. Barriers to entry from owning and generating data could lead to a handful of dominant firms in every industry.
Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace. Using AI, managers can gain extraordinary control over their employees. Amazon has patented a wristband that tracks the hand movements of warehouse workers and uses vibrations to make them more efficient. Workday, a software firm, sums up around 60 factors to predict which employees will leave. Humanyze, a startup, sells smart ID cards that can track employees around the office and reveal how well they interact with colleagues.
Surveillance at work is nothing new. Factory workers have long clocked in and out; bosses can already see what idle workers do on their computers. But AI makes surveillance worthwhile, because every bit of data is potentially valuable. Few laws govern how data are collected at work, and many employees unguardedly consent to surveillance when they sign their employment contract. Where does all this lead?
Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.
Employees will gain, too. Thanks to strides in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety gear and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.
Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms, if designed correctly, can be more impartial. Software can mark patterns that people might miss. Textio, a startup that uses AI to improve job descriptions, has found that women are likelier to respond to a job that mentions “developing” a team rather than “managing” one. Algor ithms will pick up differences in pay between genders and races, as well as sexual harassment and racism that human managers consciously or unconsciously overlook.
Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers. They can also have unintended consequences. The length of a commute may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may inadvertently harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity.
And surveillance may make us feel being controlled. People have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives. Companies are starting to monitor how much time employees spend on breaks. Veriato, a software firm, goes so far as to track and log every keystroke employees make on their computers in order to judge how committed they are to their company. Firms can use AI to sift through not just employ ees’ professional communications but their social-media profiles, too.
Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far. If your skills are in demand, you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace. Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially vulnerable. That could fuel a revival of labour unions seeking to represent employees’ interests and to set norms. Even then, the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.
As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymised where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their work places and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.
The march of AI into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it restricts and dehumanizes employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt, and a strong dose of humanity.
Section A: Questions 32-36 (5×1=5 points)
Directions: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In blanks 32-36 on your answer sheet, choose
A for TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
B for FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
C for NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
32.Google’s boss has gone too far to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fi re or
electricity.
33.People are worried that with the development of AI, every industry will be controlled by only
a few companies because obstacles exist in owning and generating data.
34.Many employees disagree with the surveillance when they sign their employment contract.
35.Algorithms, if designed correctly, can entirely avoid biases in workplace.
bour unions seeking to represent employe es’ inte rests oppose the application of AI in
workplace.
Section B: Questions 37-44 (8×1=8 points)
Directions: Complete the summary below. Write ONE WORD ONL Y from the passage for each blank. Write your answers in blanks 37-44 on your answer sheet.
37.Predictions on AI brought us not only _______, but also hope.
38.__________ at work has existed for a long time. For example, time recorders are widely used
in factories and offices; workers are observed by their bosses on computers.
39.Machines can help ensure _________ in pay rises and promotions if algorithms are designed
correctly.
40.If your skills are not in demand, you will be especially _________, and are less likely to be
able to resist the surveillance.
41.In ________ the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to be considered
to guide its spread.
42.To keep personal privacy, data should be __________ where possible.
43.Individuals should be allowed to _______ their own data, no matter they are ex-workers or
jobseekers.
44.The application of AI in the workplace calls for a _________ between privacy and efficiency.
Section C: Question 45 (2 points)
Directions: Paraphrase the following sentence. Write your answer in the blank 45 on your answer sheet.
45. The choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.
______________________________________________________________________________ ———————————————————————————————————————
Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
46.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.
A claim more often made by mathematicians is that mathematics is one of the finest flowerings of the human spirit, a temple of enduring knowledge built piece by piece over the ages. But if so it is a temple with few worshipers, unknown to most of humankind. Mathematics plays no role in mass culture, it cannot evoke the emotions and inspire the awe that music and sculpture do, it is not a significant companion in the lives of more than a very few. And yet it is worth asking whether mathematics is essentially remote, or merely poorly communicated. Perhaps it is a remediable ignorance, not an inability that now limits appreciation and enjoyment of mathematics by a wider audience.
Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)
47.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on the Answer Sheet.
物联网是由物理对象，例如：设备、车辆和建筑等等，连接而成的网络。

这些物理对象中嵌入了电子设备、软件和传感器，并通过网络连接使其能够收集和交换数据。

有人担心，
物联网的发展并没有考虑所涉及的安全挑战。

尽管物联网创造了机会将物理世界更直接地集成到基于计算机的系统中，但它也为滥用打开了方便之门。

特别是，随着物联网的广泛部署，网络攻击很可能成为一种日益现实的（而不仅仅是虚拟的）威胁。

Part IV. Writing (30 minutes, 20 points)
Directions: Some people think that one of the best ways to solve environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuels for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement. Write an essay in about 150 words neatly and clearly on the Answer Sheet. You should provide a Title for your essay.
03研究生英语水平测试A卷答案Part I Listening Comprehension (25 points)
Section 1 (1xo.5)
1.hard drive
2.romances
3.monitor
ername and password
5.scam
6.attractive
7.claim your prize
8. B
9. C
10.B
Section 2 (1x1)
Passage 1 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 B Passage 2 15 A 16 C 17 B Passage 3 18 C 19 D 20 B Section 3 (21-28 1xo.5; 29-31 1x2)
21. assistant
22. complex
23. guarantee
24. intensive
25. created
26. current way of
27. individualized
28. amounts of
29. technology is already in hospitals
30. the international community needs to create treaties
31. the technology is and will continue to transform
Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)
Section A (1×5=5 points)
32. B(F) 33. A(T) 34. B(F) 35. B(F) 36. C(NG)
Section B (1×8=8 points)
37. anxiety 38. Surveillance 39. impartiality/equity/justice 40. vulnerable 41. weighing 42. anonymised/ anonymized, 43. request 44. trade-off/balance
Section C (2 points)
45. In some jobs, you actually have no other choices but to be replaced by a robot or to be treated like a robot.
Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
46. 数学家时常声称数学是人类精神开出的最美丽花朵，是历经岁月一步一步搭建而成的不朽知识圣殿。

如果真是这样，这座圣殿却敬拜者寥寥无几，不为众人所知。

数学在主流文化中影响力甚微，和音乐、雕塑不同，它既不能唤醒情感，也不能激发敬畏，只是极少数人生命中的重要伴侣。

然而，这究竟是因数学本心“处庙堂之高远”，还是仅仅缺乏沟通所致呢，这个问题值得好好问一问。

也许，阻碍更多人欣赏并享受数学的并非是无能为力，而仅仅是无知，还可以补救。

Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)
47. The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical objects such as devices, vehicles, and buildings that are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data. Concerns have been raised that this is being developed without consideration of the security challenges involved. While the IoT creates opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, it also provides opportunities for misuse. In particular, as the Internet of Things spreads widely, cyber attacks are likely to become an increasingly physical (rather than simply virtual) threat.
Part IV. Writing (30 minutes, 20 points)
略。