to do 用法高考英语

to do 用法高考英语
(to do)充当这6种成分的用法：
一、不定式作主语
1.To see is to believe. （这种情况不常用）
2. It is important to learn English well.
It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to learn English well. 这种用法是常用的而且是考点！考点！考点！
二、不定式作表语: 常说明主语的内容、性质和特征或表动作将要发生。

1. My job is to keep the children safe.
2.My task is to type the article.
三、不定式做宾语
He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
He wants to play football.
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。

如：
I find it difficult to remember everything.
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：（需要记住）
agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt；
care, choose, claim；
dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；
expect, fail, get, guarantee；
hate, hesitate, hope, hurry；
intend, learn, manage, offer,
plan, prepare, pretend, promise；
refuse, seem, tend, threaten；
want, wish 等
四、不定式做宾语补足语
I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.
2 . We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.
Note 1: 带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。

Note 2:动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。

如、1. I made him do his work.
2.He was made to do his work (by me).
变成被动，被省略的to 要还原。

Note 3: 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.
如：1. She could do nothing but cry.
2. I have no choice but to go.
五、不定式做后置定语：只能用不定式做定语的情况很多，这里只列出常用和常考的4点
当修饰的名词是抽象名词（看得见摸得着的名词是具体名词，如钢笔。

看不见摸不着的词是抽象名词。

），如：ability、 ambition、attempt、 chance、 courage 、desire 、decision 、effort、failure 、moment 、promise、 right 、time、 wish …（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。

He was the first one to think of the idea.
You are the only person to be late.
The manager is the last to come to the meeting.
3.当修饰的词为 something, nothing, anything 等不定代词时。

Do you have anything to say?
There is nothing to worry about.
4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。

The letter to be written is to my father.
The matter to be discussed is important.
六、用作状语
1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。

如：
1) To catch the early bus, she got up very early.
2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.
2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。

如：
I am very lucky to have him.
3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。

如：
1) I’m too tired to do it well.
2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.
不定式2种独立用法
一、独立结构：
to be frank,
to be honest,
to tell the truth
这三个词组是同义词，意思是“说实话”、“老实说”或“坦率
地说”
To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.
二、与疑问词连用：不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)
My question is when to start. (表语)。