牛津英语译林版9A Unit1 Know yourself课堂笔记

9A Unit 1 Welcome to the Unit 课堂笔记
1.in good order 秩序井然；井井有条；有条不紊，整齐，情况正常；情况良好;
Lucy很有条理，她的房间总是收拾得井井有条。

Lucy is well organized. She always keeps her room in good order.
=Lucy is organized enough to keep her room in good order at all times.
=Lucy is so organized that she always keeps her room in good order.
Mrs. Green is an organized housewife. Everything in her house is always in good order.
He found everything in the house in good order.他发现屋子里秩序井然.
The young man is the last in order, so he has to wait for his turn.
The teacher asked his students to put the sentences in the right order.
2.show off 炫耀,卖弄,摆阔，摆谱
年轻人应该学会谦虚，不要人前卖弄。

Young people should learn to be modest instead of showing off before others.
妈妈常常告诉我既不要炫耀自己也不要轻视他人。

Mom often tells me neither to show myself off nor to look down on/upon others.
We all know you are clever, but you‘d better not show off your knowledge.
I know you have got a nice sports car, but I advise you not to show it off.
He wants to show off how well he speaks English.
e up with 提出/想出(办法、建议、答案…)，= think of, produce
我们很难在这么短的时间内想出比这个更好的办法。

It‘s very difficult for us to come up with a better idea than this in such a short time.
So far, only one man has come up with a new way to reduce air pollution.
Who do you think came up with this good idea just now?
We‗ll have to work hard to come up with other companies．
我们必须勤奋工作，以便追赶上别的公司。

4.curious 好奇的
more curious; most curious; curiously(副词); curiosity(名词,好奇心);
Children are naturally curious. 儿童天生好奇。

They stopped and looked at her curiously. 他们停下来，好奇地看着她。

be curious about sth 对…感到好奇；很想知道…
be curious to know/see sth 很想知道/很想了解…
The boy was curious about everything he saw. 那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。

She is curious to see what will happen next. 她很想知道接下来会发生什么事。

5.angry 生气的，发怒的，愤怒的，险恶的
angrier; angriest; angrily(副词); anger (名词)
Tom looked angrily at his father. He looked very angry.
be angry with sb.
be angry at / about sth.
be angry for doing sth.
be angry; get angry; become angry; seem angry
make sb. angry
The old woman often gets angry at / about small things. 老太太常因琐屑小事而发怒。

Don‗t be angry with me for making such a mistake. 别因为我犯了这样的错误而生我的气。

He‘ll be angry to find that nothing has been done. 看到什么也没有做,他准会生气。

She was frightened by the angry sea. 海上的惊涛骇浪吓坏了她。

6.neither 两者都不
neither... nor.... 既不......也不......
Neither he nor I am right. 我和他都错了。

Neither the twins nor their young brother likes bread.双胞胎和她们的弟弟都不喜欢吃面包。

neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Neither of us wants to go to the party. 我们全不想参加聚会。

Neither book is interesting.这些书都无趣。

副词，―也不‖
---I don‗t like swimming. ---Neither do I. （=Me, either.）我也不喜欢。

---I like swimming. ---So do I. （=Me, too.）我也喜欢。

7.eat up；吃光(eat—ate--eaten)
eat it up; eat up my food
类似的还有: use up(用光); clean up(打扫干净); mop up(拖干净)；
run out(用完，枯竭，耗尽)
Time is running out.
These new types of energy coast very little and will never run out.
8.It makes them feel good to share things with others. 和别人分享使他们感觉很好。

=Sharing things with others makes them feel good.
句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语：to share things with others。

9.It‘s terrible for me to work without speaking all day long.
对我来说整天工作不说话真是太糟糕了。

without 为介词，后面的动词要用ing形式。

It‘s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事怎么样
It‘s impossible for us to finish the report in such short time.
对我们来说在如此短的时间完成报告是不可能的。

It‘s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事怎么样
It‘s very kind of you to offer me a seat. = You are kind to offer me a seat. 十分感谢你给我让座.
It is careless of him to lose so many things. = He is careless to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了.
10.其他词形转换：
patient: ---impatient; be patient with sb.
organized: ---organize(动词，组织), organization(名词，组织)
creative: ---create(动词，创造)
energetic: ---energy(名词，能量) He is energetic. = He is full of energy.
active: ---inactive; actively; action; activity take an active part in…(积极参加…)
terrible: ---terribly smell terrible; smell terribly bad
9A Unit 1 Reading 课堂笔记
Part One
1. Wu Wei is a born artist. 吴伟是一位天生的艺术家。

born此处用作形容词，意为―天生的‖，仅用于名词前作定语。

His uncle is a born runner.
be born 出生
At that time, most babies were born at home.
--When and where were you born? --I was born in Beijing on a winter morning.
Tom was born blind.
Tom was born with intellectual disabilities.
2. He’s quiet and doesn’t like to talk much, but his work shouts!
他很安静，话不多，但他的作品却极具说服力。

work此处用作可数名词，意为―著作，作品‖，指书籍或音乐、艺术等的作品，复数为works。

There are many fine works of art in the Palace Museum.
Mo Yan‘s works are very famous. They sell well in the shop.
A modest person doesn‘t like to talk much about his abilities.
his work shouts拟人的修辞手法，表示用作品说话。

Millie studies very hard and her results shout as well. Millie学习很刻苦，成绩也是响当当。

3. Wu Wei has impressed the whole country with his creative work.
吴伟用充满创意的作品给全国人民留下深刻的印象。

whole 意为―全部的；整体的；所有的‖，通常修饰可数名词单数，位于冠词、代词、名词所有格之后。

all 意为―所有的‖，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，位于冠词、代词、名词所有格之前。

The whole building was burning. / He spent three whole days in the library.
All my friends are poor. / He ate up all the food.
all the students / the whole class; all my life / my whole life
impress: 给…留下印象，使感动，使钦佩，铭刻，使铭记
（1）impress为及物动词，意为―使……明白重要性，留下了深刻的印象‖。

The film impressed me deeply. 那部影片给我留下了深刻的印象。

His words impressed deeply on my memory. 他的话深深的印在我的脑海里。

What impressed me most was their brave spirit. 给我印象最深的是他们的无畏精神。

The students worked hard to impress their teacher. 学生们努力学习是为了给老师留个好印象。

She wants to know how to dress to impress. 她想知道如何穿着才能给人留下深刻印象。

（vi.）（2）impress sb. with sth.
The young lady is always trying to impress people with her new clothes.
这位年轻的女士总是试图用她的新衣服给人们留下深刻的印象。

You can impress your friends with your grammar knowledge.
你可以以语法知识让你的朋友们对你刮目相看。

（3）be impressed by/with…
I was greatly impressed by/with the president‘s speech.我被总统的话深深的感动了。

She was deeply impressed by/with the sights in Guilin. 桂林的景色给她留下了深刻的印象。

*（4）表示“铭刻,使某人牢记某事”：impress on/upon sb. sth.或impress on/upon sb.+that从句My father impressed on me the importance of hard word.父亲叫我牢记勤奋工作的重要性.
His parents tried to impress on him that it is necessary to be honest.
他父母尽力让他牢记正直的必要.
Please impress what you see on your mind.请把你见到的牢记在心。

（5）impress 的名词为impression,“给某人留下深刻印象”要说成leave(make) an impression on sb.
Her talk made an impression on everyone in the hall.
她的讲座给大厅里的每一个人都留下了深刻印象。

What‘s your impression of the new secretary? 你对新秘书的印象如何？
4. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high praise from the art community.
他为阳光小镇设计的雕像赢得了艺术协会的高度赞扬。

praise 不可数名词，意为―赞扬、表扬‖。

也可作及物动词，意为―表扬、称赞‖。

They are full of praise for my work. (n.)
They all praised my cooking. = They all praised me for my cooking. (v.)
praise sb. for (doing) sth 因…赞扬…punish sb. for (doing) sth 因…惩罚…
fine sb. for (doing) sth 因…罚款…excuse sb. for (doing) sth 因…原谅…
win/get/receive high praise from sb. 赢得…高度赞扬
He used to help others, so he won high praise from his classmates.
The new film received high praise from everyone.
give high praise to sb. 对…高度赞扬
Mr. Wu gave high praise to Millie because she came first in the race.
5. I want to share the best art with people, so I'm always searching for something better or different. This in
itself is great fun.
我想和人们分享最好的艺术，所以我总是在寻求一些更好并且与众不同的东西。

这本身就充满乐趣。

be always doing sth. 总是做某事（always与进行时连用时，常表达说话人的某种情绪，如赞扬、责备、不满等。

）
He was always asking his parents for money. 他总是问他父母亲要钱。

You are always making trouble! 你怎么老是找麻烦!
search + 人或场所+ for+ 人或物；search + for + 人或物+ 场所
search the Internet for some information = search for some information on the Internet
search the house for his English book = search for his English book in the house
in itself 就其本身而言
The problem is unimportant in itself. 这个问题就其本身而言并不重要。

注意fun的用法
It‘s fun to swim in the river. (It‘s fun to do…)
We had fun swimming in the river. (have fun doing…)
What great fun it is to swim in the river!
What great fun he has swimming in the river!
Reading is great fun. We have a lot of fun reading.
Part Two
6. Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago and started to work for the sales department in
a big company. 苏宁5年前放弃了会计的工作，开始在一家大型公司的销售部门任职。

give up 放弃
It was a difficult time, but we never gave up hope. (give up sth.)
You should really give up smoking. It‘s a terrible habit. (give up doing…)
Smoking is harmful to your health. You‘d better give it up. (give it up)
He gave up his job as a teacher and started to do business. 他辞去了教师工作，下海经商了。

7. Life is like a race. You either take the lead or fall behind. I'm ready to take on new challenges any time.
人生就像一场赛跑，你要么领先，要么落后。

我随时准备着接受新的挑战。

either…or…意为―或者…或者…，要么…要么…‖表示对两事物或情况的选择，连接相同的句子成分。

I think he is either American or English.
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.
Either you or I am going to the shop. 【就近一致】
Are either you or I going to the shop? 【就近一致】
either 可做形容词和代词，意为―（两者中）任何一个‖。

You can park on either side of the street. (=both sides = each side)
Either of the magazines is interesting. = Both of the magazines are interesting.
=Either magazine is interesting. = Both magazines are interesting.
---Would you like some juice or coffee? --- Either is OK. I really don‘t care. (两者中的任何之一) either的否定是neither
I like neither of the designs. (=I don't like either of the designs.) 这两个样式我都不喜欢。

---Would you like some juice or coffee? --- Neither, thanks. I only need some water.
Either you or she is good at drawing. → Neither you nor she is good at drawing.
either，“也”，用于否定句末
If you don‘t go there, I won‘t, either.
--- I don‘t like swimming. –Me, either.
take the lead 领先，率先垂范，带头，为首，居首位，做榜样，一马当先
fall behind 落后，跟不上，被超过，被甩在后面
Work hard, or you‘ll fall behind others.
I don‘t want to fall behind in my studies.
As a monitor, you should take the lead in organizing class activities.
take on new challenges 接受新挑战take on: 接受（工作等），承担（责任等）She takes on extra work on Sundays．她星期天还承担了额外工作。

I'll take the work on，but I can't tell you exactly when I'll finish it．
我会承担这项工作，可我不能确切地告诉你什么时候完成。

You should never take on more than you can do．你切莫承担力不能及的工作。

The doctor advised me not to take any more work on. 医生劝我不要再接受更多的工作了。

Rest will give you the energy to take on the challenges of everyday life.
休息会给你提供能量去接受每日生活中的挑战。

Now I have time to take on more challenges of caring for pets.
现在我有时间来接受照顾宠物的更多挑战了。

Part Three
8. Liu Tao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin.
chief engineer 总工程师general manager 总经理
John has been the chief engineer of the company for five years.
connect v.连接，联结;使…有联系;为…接通电话
●connect…to/with…把…与…相连，连接; be connected to/with…被连接到…
✧The two parts do not connect properly. 这两部分没连接好。

The two cities are connected by a railway.这两个城市有铁路相连。

Will you connect this mouse to the computer? 请你把这个鼠标和电脑连上好吗?
Please connect the pipe with [to] the tap. 请把皮管接在水龙头上。

Click here to connect to the Internet.点击此处可以连接上互联网。

A railway connects Beijing and (＝with/to) Shanghai. 北京和上海之间有铁路相连。

There is a railway connecting Beijing to Shanghai. 北京和上海之间有铁路相连。

✧Wait a moment, please. I'll see if I can connect you again. 请等一会儿,我看看能不能再给你接通。

✧He is connected with our school.他与我们学校有联系。

✧A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him.
一个好学生必须将他所读到的东西与他周围所看到的东西联系起来。

✧I hope that he won‘t connect me with that film review I wrote seven years ago.
我希望他不会把我和我7年前写的那篇影评联系起来。

9. To us, a miss is as good as a mile. We can’t afford to make any mistakes.
对于我们来说，失之毫厘谬以千里。

我们承担不起任何错误。

as good as 和……几乎一样，简直是……，事实上等于是……
The model ship is as good as a real one. 这艘船模就像真的一个样。

She is as good as deaf. 她就像耳朵聋了一样。

Tom as good as refused. 汤姆事实上等于是拒绝了。

Our classroom looks as good as new. 我们的教室焕然一新(看上去就像新的一样)。

afford须与can（could）/ be able to 连用，表示“买得起，负担得起(时间、金钱…)”。

Can they afford (to buy) a car? 他们买得起一辆小汽车吗？
Some people can‘t afford to go to hospital. 有些人上不起医院/看不起病。

I can't afford the time to help you with your English. 我抽不出时间来帮你辅导英语。

The country can't afford another flood. 该国经不起再受一次水灾了。

make mistakes / make a mistake 犯错
Of all the students, Tom makes the fewest mistakes. 所有的学生当中，汤姆犯的错误最少。

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you‘ll make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。

10. All of us know that it’s necessary t o pay attention to every detail. 我们都知道必须注意每一个细节。

pay attention to 注意 pay attention to sth. / pay attention to doing sth. (attention不可数)
●主动形式：
You should pay attention to listening to your teacher carefully in class. 你应该注意上课认真听讲。

I told him to keep silent because I wanted to read, but he didn't pay any attention to me.
我要他安静下来,因为我想看书,但他不理会我。

Please pay much attention to what they say. 多注意他们说的话。

●被动形式：
人们应该更多地关注妇女和孩子的权益。

People should pay more attention to the rights of women and children.
→More attention should be paid to the rights of women and children (by people).
→the rights of women and children should be paid more attention to (by people).
★注意体会下列句子：
We must pay attention to protecting the environment. 我们要注意保护环境。

We must pay attention to throwing less rubbish to protect the environment.
为了保护环境，我们要注意少扔垃圾。

What must we pay attention to to protect the environment? 为了保护环境，我们要注意些什么呢？
The words we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.
我们要注意的单词写在黑板上。

●其他结构：
catch/draw one‘s attention: 引起某人的注意
The story in the newspaper caught/drew my attention. 报纸上的那个故事引起了我的注意。

11. He always works to high standards, but he’s modest and easy to work with.
他总以高标准工作(工作总是力争高水准)，但是他很谦虚，很容易共事。

standard: (可数名词) 标准、水准、规范、规格
Your recent work hasn‘t been up to standard (= has been below standard). 你最近的工作没有达到标准。

The dancing ability of the students is of a high/low standard. 学生们的舞蹈能力高/低。

The people of the USA have a high standard of living.美国人民的生活水平很高。

People‘s living standard of this province is not high at all. 这个省的人民生活水平一点都不高。

This is the standard spelling. 这是标准拼法。

His English is very standard. 他的英语很标准(地道)。

He is easy to work with. His friends find it easy to work with him.
This problem is hard for us to work out. We find it hard to work out this problem.
work closely with…密切合作We’ll work closely with the engineers to check every machine.
Part Four
12. As a doctor, you can’t be too careful.Carelessness will be a disaster not only to ourselves but also to
patients. 作为一名医生，再怎么仔细也不为过。

粗心不仅对我们自已而且对病人都将会是一场灾难。

can‘t... too... / can never... too... ：―再…也不为过，无论怎样…也不过分，越…越好‖You can‘t pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is very important.
你再怎么重视你的阅读技巧也不过分,因为它非常的重要。

We can never be too careful while driving. 你开车时越小心越好。

As a teacher, you can never be too patient with slow students.作为老师，对于落后的学生要耐心再耐心。

You cannot praise the film too much. 这部电影值得大加称赞。

A kid can never have too many toys. 孩子永远不会嫌玩具太多。

I can‘t agree more.我非常赞同。

care –careful –carefully—carefulness 细心care—careless—carelessly –carelessness 粗心The car crashed into the tree because of the driver‘s carelessness.
To get better results in the exam, you should avoid carelessness.要想考试取得更好的成绩，你得避免粗心。

Some students often drop litter carelessly in our school. 一些学生经常在学校里随意扔垃圾。

13. She is always willing to work extra hours. 她总是自愿加班好几个小时。

be willing to do意为―愿意做某事‖，主要是强调有做某事的意愿，乐于做某事。

= be ready to do I‘m willing to help you!Are you willing to share your books with us?
extra: 额外的、附加的、补充的、特别的、格外的
I don't think they need any extra help. 我想他们不需要额外帮助。

There are extra flights to Hainan during the winter. 冬季有飞往海南的增开航班。

Put an extra sweater on if you're cold. 如果你觉得冷，就再加一件毛衣。

Breakfast is extra. 早餐费另付。

I advise you to take an extra pair of shoes. 我建议你额外再多带一双鞋子。

The company provided extra buses because there were so many people. 因为人太多，公司增派了车辆。

Take extra care on the road this evening. 今晚在路上要格外小心。

extra time 额外时间;[体]加赛时间
extra money 额外的钱;[英国俚语]超速罚款单
extra work 加班;额外工作
extra large 特大号的;加大码的
extra cost 额外费用;额外成本;追加费用
14. In fact, Doctor Fang often does operations for about ten hours a day.
实际上，方医生经常一天大约做10个小时手术。

do an operation on... = operate on... 给...动手术
How many operations do you do every day? 你每天做多少例手术？
The doctor operated on the boy. = The doctor did an operation on the boy. 医生给那个男孩做了手术。

The boy needed an operation. = The boy needed to have an operation. = The boy needed operating on.
= The boy needed to be operated on. 那个男孩需要动手术。

15. She has devoted most of her time to her work. All the people in the town respect her.
她已经把大部分时间都贡献给了工作。

镇里的所有人都尊敬她。

devote把…奉献(给),把…专用(于)
●devote one‗s life 奉献出一生
She devoted her young life. 她献出了年轻的生命。

● devote sth to (doing) sth 把时间(钱，精力等)献给某事物
They devoted a lot of money to the improvement of the school. 他们花了一大笔钱来改善学校的条件。

He devoted all his free time to playing the piano. 他把所有的业余的时间都用来弹钢琴。

He devoted much of his spare time to sports. 他把许多业余时间用在体育运动上。

She devoted all her life to helping children in poor areas. 她把一生都用在了帮助贫困孩子身上。

●devote oneself to (doing) sth 献身于或致力于(做)某事。

After he left school she continued to devote herself to charity. 毕业之后她继续致力于慈善事业。

He devoted himself to writing music. 他致力于创作音乐。

●Fang Yuan devotes most of her time to her work. = Fang Yuan spends most of her time on her work.
●The students are devoted to their studies. 学生们专心于学习/专心致志地学习。

= The students devote their attention to their studies.
= The students devote their attention to studying.
★注意区分：
He has devoted himself to realizing his dream of being a spaceman.
他一直致力于实现他做航天员的梦想。

His dream of being a spaceman he has devoted himself to will be realized (=will come true) some day.
他一直追求的做航天员的梦想终有一天会实现的。

to后面要接doing的词组：
look forward to doing(盼望); get used to doing(习惯); lead to doing(导致)；pay attention to doing(注意);
devote oneself/one‘s time/one‘s life/one‘s energy to doing (奉献)
respect: v./n. 尊重;尊敬;
respect oneself 自重respect… as…把…尊为respect… for…因为…钦佩或尊重…
●All children should respect their parents. 所有儿童都应尊敬父母。

The children respected him as their own grandfather. 孩子们像尊敬自己的爷爷一样尊敬他。

All respect him for his rich knowledge. 他知识渊博, 大家都尊敬他.
It is important for people to learn how to respect themselves. 人们学会自重很重要。

●The new teacher soon won the respect of his students. 这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。

The boss had no respect for his workers. 老板不尊重他的员工们。

●Those firemen were respected by all the people in the town for saving lots of people from the big fire.
那些消防队员们从大火中救出了很多人，他们受到了全镇人民的尊重。

be respected by sb. for doing sth. 因为做某事而受到某人的尊重
16. Do you think your personality is suitable for the job? 你认为你的性格适合这个工作岗位吗？(P11)
suitable: more suitable – the most suitable 合适的，适合的
I wonder if I can find a suitable house. 我不知道是否能找到合适的房子。

I think Tom is the most suitable person to be our monitor. 我认为汤姆是最适合做我们班长的人选。

●be suitable for… = be fit for…适合于…
The film isn‘t suitable for children. 这部电影不适合孩子们观看。

These shoes are not suitable for walking in the country. 这鞋不适合在乡下走路。

9A Unit 1 Integrated Skills --Task 课堂笔记
1. What decides your personality? = What is your personality decided by? = What does your personality depend on?
是什么决定了你的性格？
2. Each of them represents a lunar year. 每一个（生肖）代表一个农历年。

a lunar year 农历年，阴历年the Chinese lunar calendar 中国农历solar calendar 阳历，公历
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.
中国传统的阴历把一年分为24个节气。

represent: V. 代表
●Green can represent new life. 绿色代表新生。

(= stand for)
●These views don't represent those of our school. 这些观点并不代表我们学校的看法。

●Our tent represents home for us when we are camping. 野营时，帐篷就是我们的家。

●We‘ll represent our school to take part in the English competition. 我们将代表学校参加英语竞赛。

●Each year is represented by an animal sign. 每一个年份由一种生肖代表。

●Each city will be represented by a flower. 每一个城市将由一种花卉代替。

3. They appear in a fixed order and the cycle repeats every 12 years.它们以固定的顺序出现，每12年循环一次。

appear: v. 出现，出场，显现，看起来，似乎【没有被动形式，否定词为disappear(消失)】
●A child appeared at the far end of the street. 一个小孩远远出现在街的尽头。

●A tiger appeared in the forest. 森林里出现了一只老虎。

●John didn't appear until ten o‘clock.约翰到十点钟才露面。

●Your name will appear at the front of the book. 你的名字将出现在书的前页。

●She seldom appears on TV. 她很少在电视上露面。

●She appeared to be in her late thirties. 看样子她快四十岁了。

(=seem)
●She didn't appear surprised at the news. 她听到这消息时并不显得吃惊。

(=look)
●She did her best to appear more confident. 她努力地让自己表现得更加自信。

fix：vt. 固定;修理;准备;使牢固fixed：固定的
●Let‘s fix the shelf to the wall. 咱们把搁架固定在墙上。

●Has the date of the next meeting been fixed yet? 下次会议的日期确定了没有？
●Their prices are fixed until the end of the year. 它们的价格一直到年底固定不变。

●My parents had fixed ideas about what I should become. 父母对我应该成为什么样的人有定见。

●They often see each other at the fixed place. 他们经常在固定的地点见面。

cycle: v. / n. 循环，周期; (骑)自行车
●The seasons of the year make a cycle. 一年四季构成一个循环。

(四季更迭，周而复始。

)
● A cycle of the sun takes a year. 太阳循环周期需要一年。

●I'm just a part of a big cycle of lies. 我只是这谎言圈里的一部分。

●Just look at the cycle of the seasons. Trees bud in spring and in summer their leaves turn green. In autumn,
their leaves start to fall onto the ground. When winter arrives, there are no leaves on trees. Next spring the cycle begins again. Since we know there are cycles in nature, we can prepare for them. We know it is colder in winter and hotter in summer, so we can dress properly. Since we accept the cycles of nature, we should also accept the changes in our life. 看看四季的轮回：树在春天发芽，夏天叶子变绿。

秋天，树叶开始落在地上。

冬天来临时，树上没有了树叶。

明年春天，这个周期又开始了。

既然我们知道自然界存在周期，我们就可以为它们做准备。

我们知道冬天比较冷，夏天比较热，所以我们可以穿合适的衣服。

既然我们接受自然的循环，我们也应该接受生活中的变化。

●My cycle is broken, so I shall have to walk. 我的自行车坏了，因此我得步行。

( =bicycle = bike )
●Instead, I can cycle to work. 我可以骑自行车去工作。

(=ride a bike)
●The quiet country roads are ideal for cycling. 宁静的乡间道路是骑自行车的理想场所。

every 12 years 每/每逢/每隔十二年；every other year 每隔一年；提问用how often。

4. lively, alive, living, live的区别
1）alive 意为―活着‖，用作表语。

若要作定语，则必须后置。

●He wanted to keep the fish alive. 他想让鱼活着。

●They sat against each other to stay alive. 为了活下来，他们紧靠在一起。

●Who's the greatest man alive (=living man)? 谁是当今最伟大的人物？
●We found the snake alive. 我们发现那条蛇还活着。

2）living意为―活着的‖，作定语或表语。

●My first teacher is still living. 我的启蒙老师仍健在。

●English is a living language. 英语是活的语言。

●Air is important to every living thing. 空气对于每一个生物都很重要。

●We should devote ourselves to improving people‘s living conditions. 我们应该努力提高人们的生活水平。

注意：the living 表示―活着的人们‖。

living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。

3）live ―实况转播的‖
a live match on TV 电视上现场直播的球赛
4）lively 则意为―活泼的‖，―活跃的‖，―充满生气的‖，“栩栩如生的”，“热闹的”,“热烈的”。

●Jenny is a lively girl. 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。

●Everything is lively here. 这儿一切都生机勃勃。

●We‘re having a lively discussion about good manners. 我们正在举行一场关于文明礼貌的热烈讨论。

●The streets are very lively. They‘re full of cars and people. 街上很是热闹，人来车往，熙熙攘攘。

●The teacher has come up with a special way to make his lessons lively and interesting.
那位老师已经想出了一种特殊的方式来让他的课生动有趣。

5. There are 12 animal signs in all. 一共有12个生肖。

in all 总计，一共，总共
above all 重中之重，首要的是，最重要的是，尤其是
first of all 首先
after all 毕竟
not…at all 一点也不，根本就不
●She doesn‘t care about it at all. 她根本就不在乎。

●We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves. 我们必须工作，尤其重要的是我们必须树立信
心。

●He is sure to come. After all, he has already accepted our invitation. 他肯定来，毕竟他接受了我们的邀请。

●First of all, let me introduce myself to you. 首先，让我做个自我介绍。

●There are 30 students in all in the singing group. 合唱队里共有30个学生。

6. People born under the same star sign may have similar personalities. 出生在同一星座下的人可能有相似的个性。

be similar to 与...相似；
be similar in 在思想，方法，概念，尺寸，重量，颜色，原理等方面与……相似
●My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。

●The two houses are similar in size. 这两间房子大小相近。

●All big cities are quite similar. 所有的大城市差不多大同小异。

7. People born in the Year of the Rabbit are more careful while people born in the Year of the Dragon are very powerful. 出生在兔年的人更认真，而龙年出生的人则非常强大。

I was born in the Year of the Rabbit. = My animal sign is the Rabbit. 我属兔。

while在这里表示“然而”，用于对比性的转折。

●There‘s plenty of rain in the south while there‘s little in the north. 南部雨量充足而北部则很少下雨。

●Millie likes showing off while her elder sister is very modest. 米莉喜欢炫耀而她姐姐却很谦虚。

●注意区分：I felt a little tired. However, I didn‘t want to stop to have a rest.。