报纸背景知识--美国

A Course of English Newspaper and Magazine Reading
Three aspects：
1. The Characteristics of Newspaper (English Newspaper and Magazine)
2. The Culture of English-speaking Countries
3. The Techniques of Reading Comprehension
I General Introduction
History of Newspaper in U.S.
1. Before the American War of Independence, there are two sides of the Newspaper: one is for the Civil War, one is for the English monarch.
2. During the War:
For the Independent War:
Massachusetts Spy 《马萨诸塞侦查报》
*该报首先报道了克列星屯的第一枪
Philadelphia Journal 《费城新闻报》
For the English Monarch:
Revington‟s New York Gazette)利温顿氏纽约公报(Royal Gazette 《保皇公报)
3. At the very beginning of the U.S.
Two sides for two parties:
Gazette of the United States 《合众国公报》--Federal Party
National Gazette 《国民公报》--Republic Party
4. 19th Century:
During the Civil War
For Lincon (Republic Party):
The New York Times,
New York Evening Post ,
The Sun（2008 Stop）
Against Lincon:
New York Herald Tribune 《纽约先驱报》
New York Daily News 《纽约每日新闻》
After the first generation of the Republic and Democratic Party，the political side of all newspaper fades.
II. The Top 8 Newspaper in U.S.
A Today
Color（Called “Color TV”）
National
Newest
USA Today was founded in 1982 by Allen Neuharth, head of the Gannett newspaper chain.
USA Today is a national U.S daily general-interest newspaper, the first of its kind.
USA Today is th e nation‟s top-selling newspaper, with a total average daily circulation of 2.3 million (the widest circulation of any newspaper in the United States)
USA Today is a national American newspaper published by the Gannett Corpration and is distributed to all 50 states.
Colorful and bold, with many large diagrams, charts, and photographs, USA Today was founded with the goal of providing an alternative to the relatively colorless and wordy papers of the time such as The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times. USA Today is also well-known for its national polls on public sentiment.It has a distinct prose style, which infrequently uses subordinate clauses in sentences, and tends to have no more than three brief sentences per paragraph, meant to allow for easi er reading. As a result, in its early days it was derisively referred to as …Mcpaper‟ or …McNewspaper‟ in a reference to the simplicity and fast-food of McDonald‟s. Its sports pages are particularly popular because of this and its broad range of coverage.
Hoverer, the features that originally set it apart abundant colorful graphics, very brief stories, and a concentration on sports and celebrity---have been imitated by other printed newspapers and magazines.
2. The Wall Street Journal (circulation 2 million)
Finance，commerce (for the market development )
For Asia, Europe, Net readers
The Wall Street Journal is a daily business and financial newspaper edited in New York City and sold throughout the United States. Other daily editions include The Asian Wall Street Journal, edited in Hong Kong, and The Wall Street Journal Europe, edited in Brussels.
The first issue was published on July 8, 1889. The newspaper‟s accuracy and the breadth and detail of its coverage won it respect and success from the start. From its founding until early in the Great Depression, the Journal rarely ventured beyond business and economic news.In 2002 the paper received its 26th Pulitzer Prize, which was awarded to the entire staff for its breaking news coverage of the attack on New York City‟s World Trade Center. The staff won another Pulitzer in 2003 for coverage of corporate scandals in the United States.
3. The New York Times
Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.
Slogan “All The News That‟s Fit To Print”
(凡是可以报道的新闻都可以在其上找到)
The Gray Lady（serious）
The Times
The New York Daily Times
Published in New York
After relocating the paper‟s headquarters to a new tower on 42nd Street, the area was named Times Square in 1904(时代广场)
From its establishment in 1851 it has aimed to avoid sensationalism and to appeal to cultured, intellectual readers. Adolph Ochs built it into an internationally respected daily. Its prestige was notably enhanced by its coverage of the sinking of the Titanic and of the two world wars. (“newspaper of record”)
4. Los Angeles Times
In West of the U.S.(LA Times)
The 3rd biggest newspaper in U.S
(The New York Times,The Washington Post)
* balanced on any party
*400-500edition
on weekend
5. The Washington Post
The biggest and oldest
Political (for democratic)
Watergate Scandal and Nixon（Republic）
1974.8.8 resigned
6. Chicago Tribune
*Treaty of Versailes(凡尔赛条约)
* Its revelation of U.S. war plans on the eve of the Pearl Harbor attack.
7. The Christian Science Monitor：
Less Christian（Criminal：few details）
Reason Result (/)
8. The New York Post 纽约邮报
One of the oldest
Gossip，sensation。