初三技术与物理英语阅读理解20题

初三技术与物理英语阅读理解20题
1
<背景文章>
In our daily life, various physical technologies play a crucial role. Let's first take a look at the application of optical technology in cameras. Cameras are devices that we are quite familiar with. The lens in a camera is based on the principles of optics. It can focus light rays to form clear images. Through the refraction of light in different lenses, the camera can adjust the focal length, which allows us to take pictures of objects at different distances. For example, when we want to take a portrait, we can adjust the lens to make the subject in focus while blurring the background, creating a beautiful bokeh effect.
Electrical technology is also everywhere in our daily electrical appliances. Take refrigerators as an example. Refrigerators use electrical energy to power the compressor. The compressor is a key component in the refrigeration cycle. It compresses the refrigerant gas, which then releases heat outside the refrigerator. After that, the refrigerant expands and absorbs heat inside the refrigerator, thus keeping the food inside cold. Another common electrical appliance is the television. The television uses electrical signals to transmit and display images and sounds. It contains many electronic components such as transistors and integrated circuits that work
together to convert the received signals into the pictures and sounds that we can enjoy.
In addition, magnetic technology is also applied in many products. For instance, speakers use magnets. The interaction between the magnetic field in the speaker and the electric current passing through the coil makes the diaphragm vibrate, which then produces sound waves. This is how we can hear music or other sounds from speakers.
1. <问题1>
A. What is the main function of the lens in a camera according to the article?
A. To absorb light.
B. To focus light rays to form clear images.
C. To reflect light.
D. To scatter light.
答案：B。

解析：文章中明确提到“The lens in a camera is based on the principles of optics. It can focus light rays to form clear images.”，所以相机镜头的主要功能是聚焦光线以形成清晰的图像，A选项吸收光线、C选项反射光线、D选项散射光线均不符合文章内容。

2. <问题2>
A. How does the refrigerator keep the food cold?
A. By using magnets to absorb heat.
B. By using electrical energy to power the compressor which is
involved in the refrigeration cycle.
C. By using optical technology to adjust the temperature.
D. By using sound waves to cool down the inside.
答案：B。

解析：文章指出“Refrigerators use electrical energy to power the compressor. The compressor is a key component in the refrigeration cycle...thus keeping the food inside cold.”，即冰箱通过电能驱动压缩机，压缩机在制冷循环中起作用来保持食物低温，A选项冰箱不是用磁体吸热，C选项不是光学技术调节温度，D选项不是用声波降温。

3. <问题3>
A. Which part in the television is important for converting received signals into pictures and sounds?
A. The lens.
B. The compressor.
C. Transistors and integrated circuits.
D. The diaphragm.
答案：C。

解析：根据文中“The television uses electrical signals to transmit and display images and sounds. It contains many electronic components such as transistors and integrated circuits that work together to convert the received signals into the pictures and sounds that we can enjoy.”可知，电视里晶体管和集成电路对于将接收到的信号转换为图像和声音很重要，A选项镜头是相机部件，B选项压缩机是冰箱部件，
D选项振膜是扬声器部件。

4. <问题4>
A. What makes the diaphragm in the speaker vibrate?
A. The light rays.
B. The refrigeration cycle.
C. The interaction between the magnetic field and the electric current.
D. The optical technology.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“The interaction between the magnetic field in the speaker and the electric current passing through the coil makes the diaphragm vibrate”，即扬声器中磁场和电流的相互作用使振膜振动，A选项光线、B选项制冷循环、D选项光学技术均不符合。

5. <问题5>
A. Which of the following statements is True according to the article?
A. Cameras use electrical technology to focus.
B. Refrigerators use optical technology to keep food cold.
C. Televisions use electrical signals to transmit and display.
D. Speakers use refrigeration cycle to produce sound.
答案：C。

解析：文章明确说“The television uses electrical signals to transmit and display images and sounds.”，A选项相机是利用光学技术聚焦，B选项冰箱是利用电学技术制冷，D选项扬声器是利用磁场和电流相互作用发声而不是制冷循环。

2
<背景文章>
In modern transportation, such as cars and airplanes, the application of physical principles is of great significance.
Let's first take cars as an example. The principle of friction plays a crucial role in the design of cars. Tires are designed with special patterns to increase the friction between the tires and the road surface. This helps the car to have better grip when accelerating, braking, or turning. According to the laws of motion, a car needs sufficient friction to change its state of motion. If the friction is too small, the car may skid, which is extremely dangerous. Moreover, the engine of the car is based on the principle of energy conversion. The fuel is burned in the engine, converting chemical energy into thermal energy, and then through a series of mechanical devices, the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy to drive the wheels to rotate.
When it comes to airplanes, the principle of aerodynamics is the key. The shape of the airplane's wings is carefully designed. The upper surface of the wing is more curved than the lower surface. According to Bernoulli's principle, the air velocity above the wing is faster than that below the wing, resulting in a pressure difference. This pressure difference generates an upward lift force, which enables the airplane to take off and stay in the air. In addition, the mass and balance of the airplane also need to be considered
in line with the principles of mechanics. If the center of gravity of the airplane is not properly arranged, it will affect the stability of the flight.
In conclusion, physical principles are deeply integrated into the design of modern transportation tools, constantly promoting the development and improvement of transportation technology.
6. What is the main function of the special patterns on car tires?
A. To make the car look more beautiful.
B. To increase the friction with the road.
C. To reduce the weight of the tires.
D. To protect the tires from damage.
答案：B。

解析：文章中明确提到汽车轮胎上特殊的花纹是为了增加轮胎与路面之间的摩擦力，这样汽车在加速、刹车和转弯时能有更好的抓地力，而不是为了让汽车看起来更漂亮、减轻轮胎重量或者保护轮胎免受损害，所以选B。

7. In a car, what is the process of energy conversion in the engine?
A. Thermal energy - chemical energy - mechanical energy.
B. Mechanical energy - thermal energy - chemical energy.
C. Chemical energy - thermal energy - mechanical energy.
D. Chemical energy - mechanical energy - thermal energy.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出汽车发动机中燃料燃烧，是将化学能转化为热能，然后通过一系列机械装置，热能再转化为机械能来驱动车轮转动，所以答案是C。

8. According to the passage, what principle is mainly related to the shape of the airplane's wings?
A. The principle of friction.
B. Bernoulli's principle.
C. The law of conservation of energy.
D. The law of universal gravitation.
答案：B。

解析：文中提到飞机机翼的形状设计依据的是伯努利原理，机翼上表面比下表面更弯曲，导致机翼上方空气流速比下方快，从而产生压力差，这个压力差产生向上的升力，所以选B，而不是摩擦力原理、能量守恒定律或者万有引力定律。

9. Why is the proper arrangement of the center of gravity important for airplanes?
A. It can make the airplane fly faster.
B. It can increase the lift force of the airplane.
C. It can affect the stability of the flight.
D. It can reduce the fuel consumption of the airplane.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到如果飞机重心安排不当，会影响飞行的稳定性，而不是能让飞机飞得更快、增加飞机的升力或者减少飞机的燃油消耗，所以答案为C。

10. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Physical principles are not important in modern transportation design.
B. Only the principle of friction is used in car design.
C. Aerodynamics is the only principle considered in airplane design.
D. Physical principles play important roles in the design of cars and airplanes.
答案：D。

解析：文章整体阐述了物理原理在汽车和飞机设计中都有着重要的作用，A选项说物理原理在现代交通设计中不重要是错误的；汽车设计中不止用到摩擦力原理，B错误；飞机设计中也不是只考虑空气动力学原理，C错误，所以选D。

3
<背景文章>
Physics plays a crucial role in the development and utilization of energy sources, such as solar energy and wind energy.
Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Through the study of physics, scientists have been able to understand how sunlight can be converted into electricity. Photovoltaic cells, which are based on the photoelectric effect discovered in physics, are the key components in solar panels. The photoelectric effect explains that when light shines on certain materials, electrons are released, creating an electric current. With the continuous improvement of photovoltaic technology, the efficiency of solar energy conversion has been increasing steadily. This has made solar energy more and more competitive in the energy market.
Wind energy is another important renewable energy source. Physics
helps in understanding the movement of air masses and the conversion of kinetic energy in the wind into electrical energy. Wind turbines are designed based on the principles of fluid mechanics and energy conversion in physics. The blades of the wind turbine are carefully shaped to capture the maximum amount of wind energy. As the wind blows, it causes the blades to rotate, and this rotational motion is then converted into electrical energy through a generator.
In addition, physics also contributes to the development of energy storage technologies for these renewable energy sources. For example, in the case of solar and wind energy, which are intermittent, effective energy storage is essential to ensure a stable energy supply. Battery technologies, which are also based on physical principles such as electrochemistry, are being continuously developed to store the electricity generated from these renewable sources.
Overall, the contributions of physics in the field of energy development and utilization are indispensable, and it will continue to play a vital role in the future as we strive to transition to a more sustainable energy future.
11. What is the key component in solar panels based on the photoelectric effect?
A. Wind turbines
B. Photovoltaic cells
C. Batteries
D. Generators
答案：B。

<解析：文章明确提到基于光电效应的光伏电池是太阳能电池板中的关键组件，而选项A中的风力涡轮机与太阳能电池板无关；选项C中的电池虽然在能源存储方面有作用，但不是太阳能电池板基于光电效应的关键组件；选项D中的发电机是将其他能量转换为电能的设备，也不是太阳能电池板中的关键组件。

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12. How is wind energy converted into electrical energy?
A. Through the photoelectric effect.
B. By using batteries directly.
C. The wind causes the blades of the wind turbine to rotate and then a generator converts the rotational motion into electrical energy.
D. By the movement of air masses only.
答案：C。

<解析：文章提到风能是通过风力使风力涡轮机的叶片旋转，然后发电机将这种旋转运动转化为电能，选项A中的光电效应是太阳能转换电能的原理，与风能无关；选项B中直接使用电池与风能转换电能的过程不符；选项D只提到空气团的运动，没有完整表述风能转化为电能的过程。

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13. Why is energy storage important for solar and wind energy?
A. Because they are too expensive.
B. Because they are intermittent.
C. Because they are not efficient.
D. Because they are difficult to develop.
答案：B。

<解析：文章指出太阳能和风能是间歇性的，所以有效的能量存储对于确保稳定的能源供应是必不可少的，选项A中提到的昂贵不是能量存储对于太阳能和风能重要的原因；选项C中的效率问题不是能量存储的直接原因；选项D中难以开发也不是能量存储重要性的原因。

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14. Which principle is related to the design of wind turbine blades?
A. The photoelectric effect.
B. Fluid mechanics.
C. Electrochemistry.
D. None of the above.
答案：B。

<解析：文章提到风力涡轮机叶片的设计是基于流体力学原理，光电效应与太阳能相关，电化学与电池相关，所以答案是B。

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15. What role does physics play in the development and utilization of energy sources?
A. Unimportant role.
B. A role only in solar energy.
C. A role only in wind energy.
D. An indispensable role.
答案：D。

<解析：文章整体强调物理学在能源开发和利用方面起着不可或缺的作用，而不是不重要或者只在太阳能或风能其中一个方面起作用，所以答案是D。

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4
<背景文章>
Physics plays a crucial role in communication technologies such as mobile phones and satellite communications.
Let's first take a look at mobile phones. Mobile phones use electromagnetic waves to transmit and receive information. These electromagnetic waves are generated based on the principles of physics. In a mobile phone, there is a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter converts the electrical signals, which are generated from the voice or data input, into electromagnetic waves. This process is achieved through the oscillation of electrons in an antenna. The frequency of these electromagnetic waves is carefully regulated according to the physics principles. For example, different frequency bands are allocated for different types of communication services. When the electromagnetic waves are sent out, they travel through the air. The receiver in another mobile phone then captures these electromagnetic waves. It uses the principle of resonance in physics to select the specific frequency it is supposed to receive. Once received, the electromagnetic waves are converted back into electrical signals that can be processed to reproduce the original voice or data.
Satellite communications also heavily rely on physics. Satellites orbit the Earth at a certain altitude. They are equipped with transponders. These
transponders receive the signals sent from the Earth stations. The signals are in the form of electromagnetic waves. Due to the vast distance between the satellite and the Earth station, the strength of the signal weakens as it travels. Physics helps in calculating the exact power and frequency required for the signal to be transmitted so that it can reach the satellite and be received clearly. When the satellite receives the signal, it amplifies it and changes its frequency (this is also based on physical principles such as frequency conversion) and then re - transmits it back to the Earth. The Earth stations on the ground then receive this re - transmitted signal and process it for various communication purposes.
In both mobile phone and satellite communication systems, the understanding and application of physics principles such as electromagnetism, wave propagation, and resonance are essential for the proper functioning of these communication technologies.
16. What is used to transmit and receive information in mobile phones?
A. Sound waves
B. Water waves
C. Electromagnetic waves
D. Mechanical waves
答案：C。

解析：文章明确提到“Mobile phones use electromagnetic waves to transmit and receive information.”，所以手机是使用电磁波来传输和接收信息的，而不是声波、水波或者机械波。

17. How does the transmitter in a mobile phone convert electrical signals?
A. By changing the shape of the antenna
B. Through the oscillation of electrons in an antenna
C. By adding more electricity
D. By reducing the frequency
答案：B。

解析：文中指出“The transmitter converts the electrical signals... into electromagnetic waves. This process is achieved through the oscillation of electrons in an antenna.”，即发射机通过天线中的电子振荡将电信号转换为电磁波，而不是通过改变天线形状、增加电量或者降低频率。

18. What principle does the receiver in a mobile phone use to select the specific frequency?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Resonance
D. Diffraction
答案：C。

解析：根据文章“The receiver... uses the principle of resonance in physics to select the specific frequency it is supposed to receive.”可知，手机接收器是使用共振原理来选择特定频率的，而不是反射、折射或者衍射原理。

19. In satellite communications, why is the strength of the signal
considered?
A. Because the satellite is too big.
B. Due to the vast distance between the satellite and the Earth station.
C. Because the Earth station is too small.
D. Due to the high cost of the satellite.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到“Due to the vast distance between the satellite and the Earth station, the strength of the signal weakens as it travels.”，由于卫星和地球站之间距离遥远，信号在传输过程中强度会减弱，而不是因为卫星太大、地球站太小或者卫星成本高。

20. What does the satellite do when it receives the signal?
A. It deletes the signal.
B. It stores the signal.
C. It amplifies it and changes its frequency.
D. It sends the signal directly back.
答案：C。

解析：文中明确说明“When the satellite receives the signal, it amplifies it and changes its frequency... and then re - transmits it back to the Earth.”，卫星接收到信号后会放大信号并改变其频率，而不是删除、存储或者直接发送回去。