高职高专英语第一册教案

Unit 1 Why English Is So Widely Spread?
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text (English is widely spread in the world);
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1. The English language is used by more people in the world than any other living languag e today.
living在使用中，实践着的，活动中的
living language现用的语言
a living hope, faith, realit y现存的希望，仍在信奉的信仰，活生生的现实
2. …the majority of people in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand are also native English-speakers.
majority: 多数，大多数
e.g. The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth.
大多数人认识到限制人口增长的重要性。

He was elected by a majority of 3749.
他以3749的多数当选。

3. …even i f you add up the populations of these countries the total only comes to about 400 million,…
add up加起来
e.g.Add up all the money I owe you.
把我应付你的钱都加在一起。

These numbers add up to 100.
这些数目合计为100.
come to总数为；苏醒；涉及，谈到
e.g.That year’s grain harvest came to o ver 270 million tons.
When she came to, she could not, for a moment, recognize the surroundings.
When it comes to politics I know nothing.
4. …the important reasons for the spread of English language are economic.
表示什么的原因reason 后用介词for.
e.g. The most important reason for his success is his diligence.
5. …any country wanting, for example, to trade with the United States, or to take advantage of its technology, must be able to operate in English.
Any country 在句子中是主语，“wanting, for example, to trade with the United States, or to take advantage of its technology”是现在分词短语做any county 的定语。

trade with… 与…做生意
e.g. China trades with many countries.
take advantage of … 利用；占…的便宜
e.g. The peasants took full advantage of the fine weather.
Don’t take advantage of the disabled.
operate
vi. 运转，运行；动手术
e.g. The sewing-machine isn’t operating properly.
缝纫机运转不正常。

The surgeon operated on her for appendicitis.
外科医生为她动阑尾切除手术。

vt. 操作，操纵；经营，管理
e.g. The lift is operated by electricity.
电梯是用电开动的。

This private-owned airway is allowed to operate a new civil air line service.
这家私营航空公司获准开办一条新的民用航线。

6. To keep up with such developments, to talk about them in international conferences, or write and read about them in scientific journals and books, scientists, scholars and students must be able to understand English.
“to keep……development” “to talk…conferences” “(to) write…students”三个并列的动词不定式在句子中充当主语。

7. English are by far the most famous.
by far…得多
e.g. His explanation is clearer by far.
他的解释清楚得多。

It will be by far the most urgent issue of the age.
显然，这将是当代最紧迫的问题。

8. …it has a built-in flexibility that allows constant adaptation.
英语具有一种内在的灵活性，可容许不断的改造变化。

built-in: 固定的，内在的
e.g. The mobile phone has a built-in microphone.
9. This flexibility helps to explain why English has survived so well, why it can vary so much from speaker to speaker and why it has become a world language.
“why English has survived so well, why it can vary so much from speaker to speaker and why it has become a world language.”三个由why引导的名词从句在句子中并列做explain 的宾语。

survive
vt.活下来，幸存
e.g. You’ll have to learn to make difficult decisions if you are to survive in business.
要在商界立足生存就得学会作出困难得决定。

vi. 从……逃出，幸免于；比…...活到长
e.g. She survived her husband by three years.
丈夫死后她又活了三年。

She seems to have survived the divorce pretty well.
看来她离婚后日子过得还不错。

IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast-reading
V. Grammar
VI. Word-building
Unit 2 Going to College
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1.….with a little preparation, you can build enough confidenc e to tackle any stress that
comes your way.
“with a little preparation” 介词短语作状语。

build confidence: 树立信心
tackle: to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem 处理难题
e.g. It took twelve fire engines to tackle the blaze.
用了12辆消防车对付那场大火。

2. Living away from home tends to be the toughest adjustment for first-year students.
动名词短语“Living away from home”在句子中作主语。

3.Whichever role you fulfilled at home, when you’re gone…
fulfill a role/function/duty etc. : to do the things you are supposed to or expected to do because of your job position in society, etc. 担当角色/履行职责/履行义务
e.g. Does the established Church fulfill any useful function in modern society?
英国古老的教会在现代社会有什么作用吗？
4.You may also feel homesick in your first weeks and months
feel为感官动词，后面可加形容词作表语。

5.… everyone experiences it at some point in his or her life.
point: an exact moment, time or stage in something’s development
（时间的）点，时刻；（发展的）阶段，程度
6. The sooner you deal with these issues, the sooner you’ll feel better.
“the +比较级，the +比较级”
意为“越…,越…”, 例如：
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
他越忙越感到高兴。

The sooner, the better.
越快越好。

7. …they’re probably experiencing many of the same fears and worries that you’re dealing with.
experience :go or live through经历，体验
e.g. Germany experienced a period of enormous growth in the 60s.
德国在60年代经历了一段时间的经济腾飞。

IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast Reading
V. Grammar
VI. Word-building
Unit 3 The Lazy Man
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1.The passage is adapted from Letters from a Self-Made Merchant to His Son, by John
Graham.
2.….but he kept on pestering me so I put him to work just to get him out of my way.
keep on — to continue (keep on doing something.)
e.g. She kept on working although she was tired.
她虽疲劳但仍继续工作。

pester — annoy persistently
e.g. He pestered her with requests for help.
他缠著她要她帮忙.
He told her not to pester him with trifles.
他告诉她别拿些琐事来烦他。

3. I had a shock when his name was handed to me for promotion.
→ I felt surprised when h e would be promoted.
4. After he had been rolling barrels for a little while and had worn down one of his shoulders
本句中的while是个名词，意思是(period of ) time.
e.g. She worked in a bank for a while before studying law.
她学法律之前在银行工作过一段时间。

For a long while we had no news of him.
很长一段时间我们没有他的消息.
wear down : cause to lose or lose thickness or height by use, friction, etc.
e.g. The tread on the tyre has (been) worn down to a dangerous level.
轮胎胎面花纹已经磨损得到了能发生危险的地步了.
Her defenses will wear down after a few weeks in prison.
在监狱呆几星期之后，她的防卫力将会减弱。

5. …told him to copy out circular letters.
a circular letter: a printed notice etc. that is sent to lots of people at the same time通知, 通函
6.Jim made a few trips without selling very much.
→Jim went out several times selling the beef e xtract but failed to sell very much of it.
7. …instead of having to chase around after them.
chase around / round after化费时间、精力去追求
e.g. He never stopped to chase around after his dream in his youth.
8. He set to work on his idea.
set to: to begin actively and earnestly; start work动手干(认真开始干)
e.g. If we really set to we can get the whole house cleaned in an afternoon.
我们要是认真干，一个下午就能把房子打扫乾净。

We can set to work with a light heart.
我们可以轻松地开始工作。

work on: to do an activity which needs time and effort, especially one that you want to do or that needs to be done 做事；劳动（尤指做你想做或需要做的事）
e.g. In the next several years there can be10 different research groups working on the project.
在今后几年中可能会有十个不同的研究小组从事该项目的工作。

9. …if you served it with a little ice.
→ if you added a l ittle ice to the extract.
10. …there was such a rush of orders that we had to push Jim up higher in the firm…
“such + n + that clause” 引导结果状语从句。

常常和句型“so +adj (or adv) + that clause” 替换使用。

对比下面的例句：
（1）He is such a fool that…
= He is so foolish that…
（2）She had su ch a fright that…
= She was so much frightened that…
(3)Such was his grief that…
= So great was his grief that…
11. Jim was lazy all right but his laziness brought the firm so much profit that I couldn’t possibly get rid of him.
这里all right 意思是indeed/actually
so much profit= such great profit
cannot + possibly:
e.g. He cannot possibly be a good man.
How can I possibly do it?
IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast Reading
V. Grammar
VI. Word-building
Unit 4 Choosing a Career
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1.Before you choose a career, … (para. 1)
…to select a career suitable for their interests and abilities. (para.3)
Choose 和select 是作为一对同义词使用，两个单词的意思都是to take one or more from a number of things available—usually a matter of preference.
2. …you must get information about the world of work and the requirements for entering it. Then you try to match yourself with a suitable field of work.
…because you should prepare for a broad range of jobs…
“the world of work” 和“a suitable field of work”及“a broad range of jobs”这些短语的意思基本是相近的，这里作者分别用三个不同的短语表达相近的意思，目的就是为了增加多样性以引起读者的兴趣。

（cf. the use of “choose ” and “select” ）
3. We speak of a field of work rather than a job…
speak of : talk about, tell of说到(论及)
e.g. Mr Smith looked sour when I spoke of his daughter's bad conduct in school.
史密斯先生听我说到他女儿在学校品行不良时，一脸的怒容。

She didn't speak of her husband at all.
她完全没谈到她丈夫.
rather than: but not; more willingly; by preference or choice 而不是;宁可...也不愿;
与其...倒不如
e.g. I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮, 不想喝咖啡。

She is charming rather than beautiful.
与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。

4. …girls will nat urally be looking forward to marriage and motherhood …
look forward to: to expect with hope or pleasure (look forward to + n /doing sth.) 展望(期待)
e.g. We should look forward to the futurity.
我们应该展望未来。

I look forward to being alone in the house.
我盼望能自己一人在这所房子。

motherhood: the state of being a mother母亲身份；作为母亲的状态；母道
5. because they can have so many labour-saving devices in the home.
Labour-saving 这里是device的定语。

英语中有多种途径来构成形容词复合词。

以下就是最常见的形式：
adj+noun+ed open-minded bad-tempered
adj+present participle ugly-looking
adv+present participle hard-working
noun+present particile peace-loving
noun+past participle homemade heartfelt
adv+past participle well-known newly-built
adj+past participle new-born ready-made
noun+adj duty-free class-conscious
6. Girls,therefore, should take as seriously as boys the need to select a career suitable for their
interests and abilities.
斜体部分是take 的宾语，因为此宾语太长了，所以放在句末来保持句子平衡。

划线部分的动词不定式是need的定语，英语中，动词不定式可以作定语修饰名词或代词。

take (sth.) seriously:认真对待...
7. What should you think about in trying to find your career?
本句中，介词短语in trying to find your career 相当于when (while)trying to find your career.
8. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself.
斜体部分是动名词短语在句子中充当主语。

weak point: 弱点
strong point:优点
9. You may be all thumb s when you handle tools…
be all (fingers and )thumbs: (informal ) to be unable to do things neatly and carefully with your hands (非正式)笨手笨脚
e.g. Would you do up these buttons for me? I seem to be all thumbs today. 帮我缝上这些
扣子好吗？我今天显得笨手笨脚的。

handle: 1)deal with sth 处理某事
e.g. She couldn’t handle the pressures of her new job. 她无法应付工作带来的压力。

2）control with your hands 用手操作
e.g. The windsurfer handled her board with great skill.
帆板运动员熟练地操纵着她地帆板。

10. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of
a fresh start at work.
apologetic: showing or saying that you are sorry that something has happened，especially because you feel guilty or embarrassed about it 表示歉意地，抱歉地，道歉的e.g. The restaurant manager was very apologetic and said we could have our meal for free.
饭店经理深表歉意，并说我们这顿饭可以免费。

have/stand a chance (of): if someone or something stands a chance of doing something, it is possible that they will succeed 有（…的）希望
a fresh start: 新的起点,新的开始
I would like to move to another town and make a fresh start.
我想搬到另一个城市去，从头做起。

11. …taken part in sports and clubs and any out-of-school activities.
这是个省略句，补充完整后应该是：They will be interested to know if you have been a prefect, and if you have taken part in sports and clubs and any out-of-school activities.
activity: (C) something that you do for interest or pleasure or because you want to achieve something 活动(常用复数形式)
e.g. leisure activities 娱乐活动
terrorist activities 恐怖主义活动
IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast Reading
V. Grammar
VI. Word-building
Unit 5 The American Family
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1.The result is that the needs of each individual take priority in the life of the family.
In the life of the family, the needs of each individual members are considered first and thought of as the most important. 这是个主系表结构的句子，表语是由that引导的一个表语从句。

2.In contrast to that of many other cultures, …
在这个句子中that 指代的是名词短语“the primary responsibility”。

that 和those 常用来指代名词或名词短语以避免重复。

in contrast to — when a contrast is made to
e.g. In contrast to (with) our old house, the new one is a palace.
跟我们的老房子相比，新家简直就是皇宫了。

His white hair was in a sharp contrast to (with ) his dark skin.
他的白发和黝黑的皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。

3.…, since equality of opportunity regardless of birth is considered a basic American value.
opportunity & chance—我们说“one has a chanc e (or opportunity) to do something (or: of doing something)”, “chance”或“opportunity”意思是”a favorable occasion”. 我们也说“There is a chance that I’ll see him”, 这个句子中的“chance” 意思是“possibility”, 这里不能用“opportunity”.
value—在本句中“value”是个关键字。

意思是“a social standa rd or idea which most people have about the worth of good qualities”
regardless of—paying no attention to; without worrying about
e.g. He bought her what she wanted, regardless of expenses.
不管花多少钱，她要什么他就给她买什么。

Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower.
无视危险，他爬上了塔顶。

4.The American desire for freedom from outside control clearly extends to the family.
As we know, freedom from outside control is an American desire or value. Nowadays this desire or value also applies to family affairs.
本段的其余部分用来支持首句的标题句。

5.The American family is a nuclear family, consisting usually of a husband, wife and
children who live in their own house or apartment.
consist of—be made of; be composed of
e.g. The committee consists of seven members.
委员会由七名成员组成。

The atmosphere consists of certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.
大气是由某些定比的气体混合构成的。

6.Grandparents rarely live in the same home with their married sons and daughters, …rarely—seldom; not often
e.g. He rarely went anywhere except to his office.
除了办公室，他很少去其他地方。

Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
我很少见如此美丽的落日。

7.immediate family — refers to the nearest members of a family, usually two grown-ups
and their unmarried children.
8.extended family — refers to relatives such as aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast Reading
V. Grammar
VII. Word-building
Unit 6 How to Shine at an Interview
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1.How to shine at an interview..: How to be good at showing special ability at an interview.. shine: to be good at sth 出色，出类拔萃
e.g. He failed to shine academically but he was very good at sports.
他学业不怎么样，但体育棒极了。

She has set a shining example of loyal service over four decades.
四十年间，她树立了一个忠诚服务得光辉榜样。

2.…which can help a candidate to make a good impression.
impression: effect (on sb) the effect that an experience or a person has on sb/sth 影响，效果
A big/deep/strong impression: 巨大的/深刻的/强大的影响
3.I can satisfy most of your requirements and I wish to increase my experience. requirement: something that you must have in order to or to do sth else 必要条件，必备条件
to meet /fulfill/satisfy the requirements
experience: the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing sth for a period of time the process of gaining this (由时间得来的)经验，实践
to have over ten years’ teaching 有十多年教学经验
lack of practical experience 缺少实际经验
4.The most difficult questions are those that can reveal a weakness both in the candidate’s
ability to do the future job and in their personality and psychology.
that 引导一个限定性定语从句在句子中定语修饰those.
ability to do sth: the fact that sb/sth is able to do sth.
e.g: Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless their ability to pay. 无论支付
能力如何，每个人都有权得到良好的医疗照顾。

5.…in such a dynamic company as yours.
dynamic: adj. (of a person) forceful, and having a lot of energy 强有力的，充满活力的，精力充沛的
e.g: a dynamic personality: 充满活力的个性
6.Undoubtedly the key to performing well in an interview is good preparation
the key (to sth): a thing that makes you able to understand or achieve sth. 关键，要诀
e.g: The key to success is preparation.
成功的关键是准备。

7.… it is obviously extremely difficult to give good answers to questions that are
unexpected.
动词不定式to give good answers to questions that are unexpected 在句子中做主语。

It 是主语替代此动词不定式在句子中充当形式主语。

英语中，动词不定式可作为主语，当充当主语时如果动词不定式比较复杂就可用形式主语it 替代，动词不定式置后，以此来保持句子平衡。

8.Rather interpret this question as meaning“Tell me why I should employ you.”
rather: used to introduce an idea that is different or opposite to the idea that you have stated previously
（提出不同于先前所说的或相反的观点）相反，而是
e.g: The walls were not white, but rather a sort of dirty grey.
墙面不是白的，而是灰不溜秋的。

9.“tricky questions”
tricky: difficult to do or deal with 难办到的，难对付的
a tricky question/situation 难以回答的问题，微妙的局势
e.g: Getting it to fit exactly is a tricky business.
使这完全合适是件很难做到的事。

10.Take your pick. : Have your choice.
IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast Reading
V. Grammar
VI. Word-building
Unit 7 The First Chinese
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1. China is the oldest living civilization in the world.
living : existing; alive now活着的
e.g. Wages were sixpence a week within living memory.
周工资为六便士的年代, 人们记忆犹新.
He is believed to be one of the best living painters.
他被认为是在世的最好的画家之一。

2. People in China were living civilized lives…
英语中，动宾词组中，宾语全部或部分地重复动词意思，这个宾语被称作是同根宾语。

e.g. sing a song
dream a dream
think some unkind thoughts
fight a good fight
die a miserable death
一些动词，通常是不及物动词可以加同根宾语，并且该宾语常有定语来修饰。

e.g. He lived a bitter life as a child laborer in a factory.
Old as he is, he lives the life of a young man.
She told me she had dreamed a sweat dream.
I have never spoken a word to him, but every time he sees me he smiles a strange smile.
3. No one is sure...—a useful expression
e.g. No one is sure what to do next.
No one is sure when his seemingly endless speech will come to an end.
4. We do know that the bones of some of the first people to exist have been unearthed near Beijing,the capital of China, near the Yellow River valley.
In colloquial English, “do” is sometimes used simply to strengthen a statement, and this demands special intonation.
e.g. I do hope you’ll stay here for another two or three days.
He does speak English well!
unearth: 1) to find out the truth about something 揭露；发现
e.g. The reporter had unearthed some important secrets about her.
记者已发现了有关她的一些重要秘密。

2）to find something after searching for it, especially something that has been buried under the ground 发掘，掘出（尤指埋藏于地下的东西）
e.g. Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.
博物馆展出了许多出土文物。

the capital of China 在句子中作插入语，进一步说明解释一下前面出现的Beijing。

5. One legend tells of the appearance in the sky of ten suns, which scorched the earth.
tell of: 描述
e.g. His hands tell of heavy labor.
他的双手显示他干的是粗活。

scorch: make very hot and dry使烧焦,变焦
e.g. The walls had been blackened and scorched by the fire.
这些墙被大火烧黑了。

I scorched my new shirt with the iron.
我用熨斗把新衬衫给烫焦了。

6. Shun promised all his kingdom to anyone who could harness the rivers.
promise: to tell someone that you will definitely do something or that something will happen 保证，答应
promise sth to sb :
e.g. I can’t give you the book—I’ve promised it to Tom.
我不能把这本书给你—我已经答应给汤姆了。

promise to do sth
e.g. I promise to return your bicycle on good condition.
我答应一定完好无损地还你的自行车。

promise sb sth = promise to give someone something 答应给某人某物
e.g. The company promised us a bonus this year.
公司答应今年给我们发奖金。

harness: to control and use the natural force or power of something 治理利用（自然力等）：
e.g. We can harness the power of the wind to make electricity.
我们可以利用风力发电.
7. Every time he passed by, he heard his ch ildren…
Every time 可以用作从属连词用来引导一个时间状语从句，还有each time, next time, the first time, by the time, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the month, the year等等。

IV. Exercises
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary
Structure
Fast Reading
V. Grammar
VI. Word-building
Unit 8Too Many Workers No Longer Give a Damn
I. Teaching Objectives:
After the learning of this text, the students will be able to
1. understand the main idea of the text;
2. learn to analyse long difficult sentence patterns;
3. grasp the key words, language points and grammatical structures in the text;
4. conduct a series of reading, speaking and translation exercises related to the text. II. Time Allotment:
Eight periods (six for intensive reading and two for Exercises)
III. Text Analysis
1. One reason for the troubles of many companies nowadays is that the worker — particularly young ones, who are supposed to be bubbling with energy and ambition — no longer give a damn.
本句中that引导一个表语从句在句子中作表语，在这个表语从句中particularly young ones为插入语，而后面的who引导的非限定性定语从句用来修饰这个插入语，no longer give a damn，是表语从句的谓语部分。

damn: n. spoken(口) 1) not give a damn used to show that you do not care about something 毫不在乎
e.g. I don’t give a damn about her.我一点也不在乎她。

I don't give a damn what you say, I'm going. 不管你怎么说, 我走定了.
2) not worth a damn used to say that you think something has no value at all 毫无价值: Her promise isn’t worth a damn. 她的承诺一钱不值。

bubble aslo又作bubble over to be excited 洋溢，兴奋: (+ with) bubbling over with enthusiasm 热情洋溢
2. they are over-worked or over-privileged, pampered or oppressed, dehumanized by the demands of their job or just plain bored.
over-: too much 过多，过头，过分：overpopulation 人口过剩overcooked cabbage 煮过头的卷心菜
over-worked adj. made to work too hard 被迫操劳过度的
e.g. an overworked doctor 劳累过度的医生
over-privileged
pamper v. to look after someone too kindly or very kindly 宠，娇惯，溺爱，过分呵护
. a pampered cat被娇养的猫
Don't pamper your little daughter.
别把你的小女儿娇惯坏了。

They pamper themselves after a hard day at work.
他们劳累工作一日之后放纵自己。

oppress v. to treat a group of people unfairly or cruelly, and prevent them from having the same rights that other people in society have 压迫，压制：
e.g. Native tribes had been oppressed by the government and police for years. 多年来，土著部落一直受着政府和警方的压迫。

The people are oppressed by the military government.
人民受军政府的压迫.
dehumanize :to treat people so badly that they lose their good human qualities such as kindness etc.; make mechanical or routine 使丧失人性；使机械化
e.g. War dehumanizes people. 战争使人们丧失人性。

3. …forcing management to find part-time student to help to keep the assembly lines moving. 现在分词短语在句子中作状语。

part-time：a. 兼任的(零星的) e.g. I'm looking for a part time job. 我正在找兼职工作。

assembly lines：n. a system for making things in a factory in which the products move past a line of workers who each make or check one part 装配线，流水作业线
4.Blue collar workers are not the only ones affected.
affect: have an effect upon 影响,作用
e.g. The climate affected his health. 气候影响了他的健康。

Affected是过去分词做后置定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句（who are affected.）。

5.The problem stems from two main factors
stem from sth phr( not in progressive 不用进行式) to develop as a result of something else源于…，来自…由…发生
e.g. Most of the difficulties stemmed from poor workmanship.
困难大多数是由于工艺差造成的。

6. Once on the job, workers all too often find that, ...
on the job a. 在工作中的(在职的)
e.g. It was 12 o'clock and he was still on the job.
已经是12点了, 他还在努力工作。

7. People my age don’t take much pride in their work…
show/feel/take pride in (doing) sth : have a feeling a satisfaction and pleasure in what you have done, or in what someone connected with you has done 以…为豪
e.g. The employees all show great pride in their company. 所有的雇员都对他们的公司表
现出极大的自豪感。

8. Some people would rather sweep the shop floor and take a 15 percent cut in their wages than work on the assembly line.
would rather used to say that you would prefer to do or have one thing rather than another thing 宁愿，宁可
would rather…than 宁愿...(而不愿) ，rather 和than 后的动词都要用原形。

e.g. I would rather remain poor than get money by dishonest means.
我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不当手段赚钱。

I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.
我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。

9. College students, too, are thumbing their noses at traditional values.
thumbing your noses at （对… ）作蔑视的手势（把大拇指搁在鼻端，其余四指张开）本文中的意思是to show that you do not respect rules, laws etc or you do not care what someone thinks of you 蔑视（规则、法律等）；不在乎（别人对自己的看法）
e.g. a chance to thumb his nose at authority 让他可以蔑视权利的机会
10. They just don’t want those 9-to-5jobs.
nine-to-five
1)adv.
work nine-to-five to work form 9 o’clock until 5 o’clock; the normal working hours of an office worker 从早上9点工作到下午5点（早上9点至下午5点是办公室工作人员通常的工作时间）
2) adj. a nine-to-five job 一份朝九晚五的工作
11. The problem is not that people today are lazy and indifferent…
that引导的表语从句.
indifferent adj not caring about what is happening, especially about other people’s problems or feelings (尤指对别人的困难或感情)不关心的，不在乎的：（+to）
e.g. I was so excited to see snow that I was indifferent to the cold.
我看到雪激动得连寒冷都不在乎了。

He is indifferent to the result of the exam.
他对考试结果漠不关心。

12.mass-production n. the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques) 大批生产
13. …a ‘team’ approach to building automobiles.
team：a group of people who have been chosen to work together to do a particular job 工作队，工作组a team of twelve scientists 由12名科学家组成的工作组
approach : (+to) ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation途径,方法
e.g. a new approach to teaching languages 教授语言的新方法
All approaches to the city were blocked.
通往这座城市的所有道路都被封锁了。