河北省涿州市2021高考英语阅读理解短文改错系列训练(2)

河北省涿州市2021高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练(2) 涿州市2021高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练（2）及答案
(第******篇)
How to Be a Winner
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病)．Believing my career(职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it―the encouragement I needed. I coul d still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to suceess―you can’t follow a career in any field without being well�Morganized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then，there are other distractions,_such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as‘calm’，‘peace’or‘focus’， either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool.”
[语篇解读] 本文叙述了三位名人在成功的道路上所经历的不同的事情，一是战胜了
病痛，一定克服了精力分散的困难，一是通过坚持不懈努力，最后都取得了胜利。

1．What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about? A. Difficulties influenced his career. B. Specialists offered him medical advice. C. Training helped him defeat his disease.
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D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
[解析] 推理判断题。

第一部分写了Sir Steven得了糖尿病，但最终克服了病痛拿到
了金牌，故D项符合题意。

[答案] D
2．What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary? A. Her training schedule. B. Her daily happenings. C. Her achievements. D. Her sports career.
[解析] 事实细节题。

第二部分第二句中，it指代前面的句子内容，即她的训练计划。

[答案] A
3．What does the underlined word“distractions” probably refer to? A. Ways that help one to focus.
B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one’s attention away.
D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
[解析] 猜测词义题。

从下文“The key is to concentrate.”可以推出是指分散作
家注意力的活动。

[答案] C
4．According to the passage，what do the three people have in common? A. Courage. B. Devotion. C. Hard work.
D. Self�Mconfidence.
[解析] 事实细节题。

第一部分中“I could still be a winner if I believed in myself.”，第二部分中“Trust yourself...”及第三部分中“It makes me feel more
in control and increases my confidence...”都表明自信是他们三个的共同之处。

[答案] D
[长难句解读] Trust yourself，write down your goals for the day，however small they are，and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.相信你自己，不
论目标多小，每天把它们写下来，这样你会向实现它们又迈进了一步。

“祈使句＋and/or
＋现在将来时句子”结构中，祈使句可转换成由if引导的条件句。

本句含有两个祈使句，第二个祈使句又含有一个让步状语从句。

***************************************************结束
科普说明文：African elephant 有两个不同的种类
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66. fossils 定位，找到第三段第一句，有两种fossils，mam和mas，选项D
67. 文中divergence of the two species指代前文the Ase and the Afe have been distinct species, divergence与distinct同义替换，对应选项C
68. conclusion, based on定位，找到倒数第二段最后一句lay in 与based on 同
义替换，答案：A
69. AR定位，找到倒数第一段，从AR的话中，第一句for conservation purpose,
最后一句for conservation purpose确定A
70.文章首句点明全文主旨，答案：C
4.（2021・江西卷）D
Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and
on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species,
the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other
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spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
71. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?
A. To express his doubts.
B. To compare different ideas.
C. To introduce points for discussion.
D. To describe the conditions on Earth.
72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?
A. Humans are nature-born to do so.
B. Humans have the tendency to fight.
C. Humans may find new sources of food.
D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.
73. The underlined word“spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers
to______.
A. survival chances
B. potential resources D. physical possessions
C. unexpected benefits
74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
A. O ur genetic makeup.
B. Resources on the earth..
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C. The adaptive ability of humans.
D. By-products in space exploration.
75. Which of the statements can best sum un the passage?
A. Space exploration has created many wonders.
B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.
C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.
解析：
71. 推理判断题。

答案选C。

文章是典型的议论说明文，是提出问题，分析问题的套路。

第一段通过提出一系列关于太空探索利弊的问题引发讨论。

并不是真的有这些怀疑，
也没有鲜明的正反观点，所以AB不对。

D偏差较远。

72. 主旨题。

答案选A。

第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段尾。

Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. 主要原因在于人类基因。

Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. 而B选项错在fight这个词。

CD没提及。

73. 词义猜测题。

选C。

根据spin off 前面的we have already benefited from other spin off 关键词 benefit，受益。

而spin off后面的including ? 说的全是获得的利益，如improvements in earthquake prediction. 地震预测的进步等等，而不是什
么生存机会，或者潜在资源。

所以选C。

74. 细节题。

答案选C。

按照问题顺序一致原则，答案应当出现在最后两段。

在最后
一段的首句我们找到了一个极端词用以定位。

While earth is the only planet known
to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets.直接由翻译可知，人类的适应能力使我们在其他星球的居住成为可能。

75. 推理判断题。

选D。

除去前两段引入，第三段主旨句（首句）的意思是每个文明
都会探索周围文明以减低危险，第四段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得我们能够发现潜在
能源。

第五段主旨句（首句）说的是探索使得很多人发现解决问题的有用资源。

总的来说，就可归结为，太空探索可以帮助我们很多，避免很多问题。

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短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
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感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。