Unit1 SectionB 知识点 22-23学年人教版八年级下册
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I want to get off the bus. I feel a little sick. 我想下公交车。我感到有点儿恶心。
told him to rest 叫他休息
tell sb.(not)to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事
The doctor told me to get an X-ray first. 医生告诉我先拍张 X光片。
(4)risk ①〔可数名词〕危险;风险
the risk of……的风险 take risks=take a risk 冒险
Don't take risks. 不要冒险。 Eating junk food can increase the risk of the illness. 吃垃圾食品会增加生病的风险。
[拓展] 常见的与 cut 相关的短语: cut down 砍倒; 减少 cut up 切碎 cutin 插人;插话 cut...into... 把……切成…… cut out 删掉;割去
After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock
The policemen told the children not to play in the street. 警察告诉孩子们不要在街道上玩。
中考-链接 Doctors tell us ____our hands before and after every meal. A. wash B.washed C.washing D.to wash
There were many times when Aron almost lost his life
because ofaccidents. 有好多次，阿伦差点儿因为意外丢掉性命。 辨析:because of与because 二者都可意为“因为”,其区别为: because of 介词短语, 后面可接名词(短语)、代词或动词 ing 形式 because 连词,引导原因状语从句 I didn't go because of the rain. 我因下雨未去。
be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事;准备好做某事表示即将去做。
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐意帮助别人。
We are ready to answer the questions. 我们做好了回答问题的准备。 [拓展] be ready for 为……做好准备
(2)save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 He saved the girl's life from the fire yesterday. 昨天他从火中救了那个女孩的命。
注意： life意为“生活方式；生命” 其复数形式为lives
He was not ready to die that day. 他不想那天就死去。
中考·链接 -The oil on the earth will ___one day. -I think so. We should make good use of it. A. find out B. work out oive out D. run out
解析:我们可用“联系上下文法”解答本题。 find out“找 出，查明”;work out“解决;成功地发展”;give out“放出; 分发”;run out“用完;耗尽”。由下文后句句意“我们应 该好好利用它”可知,地球上的石油有一天将用完。 故选 run out。 答案:D
解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”解答本题。tell sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配,意为“告诉某人做某事”,故选D。 句意:医生告诉我们每顿饭前后都要洗手。 答案:D
have problems breathing 呼吸困难
(1) have problems(in)doing sth.做某事有问题/困难 其同义短语为 have trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.
②(及物动词〕冒险 其后可接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。 risk doing sth.冒险做某事
He risked his life to save the child. 他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。
I'm willing to risk losing everything. 我愿意冒失去一切的危险。
Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。
sick 〔形容词〕 ① 生病的;有病的既可作表语,也可以作定语。 be sick=be ill 生病 (注意:ill意为“有病的”时，常作表语,通常不作定语)
I didn't go to school yesterday because I was sick/ ill. 昨天我没去上学,因为我病了。 ②恶心的,想吐的 此时一般不在名词前作定语。
The Greens have a daughter called/named Kate.
free ①〔及物动词〕使自由;释放;解放
I freed the birds from their cages yesterday. 昨天我把笼子里的鸟儿放飞了。 ②[形容词〕空闲的;免费的;自由的 I'm not free on Monday.我星期一没空。
But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do
பைடு நூலகம்
Do you know the girls who/that are dancing? 你认识那些正在跳舞的女孩吗? (who/that 作主语,不可省略)
The man (who/that) you are waiting for won't come. 你正在等的那个人不会来了。 (who/that作宾语,可省略) (2)be interested in 对……感兴趣 侧重状态,其后可接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。 become interested in 意为“对……产生兴趣”,侧重动作。
He was ready for the English exam. 他为英语考试做好了准备。
So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.因此他用刀子切断了他的半条右臂。
(1)use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 可与 use sth. for doing sth. 互换。
It's good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。 [拓展] breath〔名词〕呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath 深呼吸
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一位对登山感兴趣 的美国人。
(1)who 引导的定语从句 此处 who is interested in mountain climbing是定语从句,修饰先行词 an American man, who 是 关系代词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
当先行词为人时,常用关系代词 who 或 that 引导定语从句， who 或 that 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 who 或 that 作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。
(3)cutoff 切除;切断 为“动词+副词”型结构,宾语是名词时,可放在 cut 与 off 之间,也可放在 off之后;宾语是人称代词时，只能放在 cut 和 off 之间。
When was the telephone cut off? 电话什么时候被切断了? The flowers are beautiful. Don't cut them off. 这些花很漂亮，不要把它们剪下来。
something to save his own life. 但当他的水喝完时,他知道他必须做些事情来拯救自己了。
(1)run out ①用尽;耗尽 其主语通常是被用尽的时间、食物、金钱等。 run out of... 用光……,用尽…… (其主语为表示人的名词或代词,宾语为被用尽的物,相当于 use
We have problems getting to the mountain village
before dark. 天黑前我们到达那个山村有困难。
She has no problem(in)singing the song. 她唱这首歌没问题。
(2)breathe ①〔不及物动词]呼吸
People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人们睡觉时呼吸较为缓慢。 ②〔及物动词〕呼吸
He was interested in science when he was young. 他小时候就对科学感兴趣。
As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。
(1)as 〔介词〕作为,当作 后跟名词作宾语。
and a Hard Place. 失去了手臂之后,他写了一本名为《生死两难》的书。 called Between a Rock and a Hard Place是过去分词短语作 后置定语,called 意为“被称为……”与 named 同义,也可用 with the name of来代替。
an interesting book called The Old Man and the Sea 一本名叫《老人与海》的有趣的书
up)
Her money soon ran out. 她的钱很快就花完了。
I have run out of all my money. 我已经用光了我所有的钱。 ②跑出去 run out of 表示“从……跑出去”。
A big animal ran out of the zoo last night. 昨天晚上一只大型动物从动物园跑了出去。
He works in the hotel as a cook. 他在宾馆当厨师。
(2)climber 〔可数名词〕登山者;攀登者 该词是 由“动词 climb+-er”构成的名词。 许多动词后可加-er或-or 构成名词,表示动作的执行 者。
write(写作)→writer(作者) sing(唱歌)→singer(歌唱家;歌手) swim(游泳)→swimmer(游 泳者) collect(收集)→ collector(收集者;收藏家) visit(参 观)→visitor(参观者)
He didn't come to school because he was ill. 他没来上学,因为他生病了。
Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him. 因 为无法使自己的胳膊挣脱开来,他在那儿待了5天,希望 有人会发现他。
I use a knife to cut apples.
= I use a knife for cutting apples. 我用刀子切苹果。 (2)knife 〔可数名词]刀 其复数形式为 knives。
There are three knives on the table. 桌子上有3把刀子。
(3)be used to 习惯于……;适应于……
此处 to 为介词,后可接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形 式。该短语中 be 还可换成 get。
You will be/get used to this situation soon. 你很快就会适应这种状况。
He is/gets used to drinking tea with honey. 他习惯喝加蜂蜜的茶。
told him to rest 叫他休息
tell sb.(not)to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事
The doctor told me to get an X-ray first. 医生告诉我先拍张 X光片。
(4)risk ①〔可数名词〕危险;风险
the risk of……的风险 take risks=take a risk 冒险
Don't take risks. 不要冒险。 Eating junk food can increase the risk of the illness. 吃垃圾食品会增加生病的风险。
[拓展] 常见的与 cut 相关的短语: cut down 砍倒; 减少 cut up 切碎 cutin 插人;插话 cut...into... 把……切成…… cut out 删掉;割去
After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock
The policemen told the children not to play in the street. 警察告诉孩子们不要在街道上玩。
中考-链接 Doctors tell us ____our hands before and after every meal. A. wash B.washed C.washing D.to wash
There were many times when Aron almost lost his life
because ofaccidents. 有好多次，阿伦差点儿因为意外丢掉性命。 辨析:because of与because 二者都可意为“因为”,其区别为: because of 介词短语, 后面可接名词(短语)、代词或动词 ing 形式 because 连词,引导原因状语从句 I didn't go because of the rain. 我因下雨未去。
be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事;准备好做某事表示即将去做。
She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐意帮助别人。
We are ready to answer the questions. 我们做好了回答问题的准备。 [拓展] be ready for 为……做好准备
(2)save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 He saved the girl's life from the fire yesterday. 昨天他从火中救了那个女孩的命。
注意： life意为“生活方式；生命” 其复数形式为lives
He was not ready to die that day. 他不想那天就死去。
中考·链接 -The oil on the earth will ___one day. -I think so. We should make good use of it. A. find out B. work out oive out D. run out
解析:我们可用“联系上下文法”解答本题。 find out“找 出，查明”;work out“解决;成功地发展”;give out“放出; 分发”;run out“用完;耗尽”。由下文后句句意“我们应 该好好利用它”可知,地球上的石油有一天将用完。 故选 run out。 答案:D
解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”解答本题。tell sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配,意为“告诉某人做某事”,故选D。 句意:医生告诉我们每顿饭前后都要洗手。 答案:D
have problems breathing 呼吸困难
(1) have problems(in)doing sth.做某事有问题/困难 其同义短语为 have trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.
②(及物动词〕冒险 其后可接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。 risk doing sth.冒险做某事
He risked his life to save the child. 他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。
I'm willing to risk losing everything. 我愿意冒失去一切的危险。
Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。
sick 〔形容词〕 ① 生病的;有病的既可作表语,也可以作定语。 be sick=be ill 生病 (注意:ill意为“有病的”时，常作表语,通常不作定语)
I didn't go to school yesterday because I was sick/ ill. 昨天我没去上学,因为我病了。 ②恶心的,想吐的 此时一般不在名词前作定语。
The Greens have a daughter called/named Kate.
free ①〔及物动词〕使自由;释放;解放
I freed the birds from their cages yesterday. 昨天我把笼子里的鸟儿放飞了。 ②[形容词〕空闲的;免费的;自由的 I'm not free on Monday.我星期一没空。
But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do
பைடு நூலகம்
Do you know the girls who/that are dancing? 你认识那些正在跳舞的女孩吗? (who/that 作主语,不可省略)
The man (who/that) you are waiting for won't come. 你正在等的那个人不会来了。 (who/that作宾语,可省略) (2)be interested in 对……感兴趣 侧重状态,其后可接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形式作宾语。 become interested in 意为“对……产生兴趣”,侧重动作。
He was ready for the English exam. 他为英语考试做好了准备。
So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.因此他用刀子切断了他的半条右臂。
(1)use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 可与 use sth. for doing sth. 互换。
It's good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。 [拓展] breath〔名词〕呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath 深呼吸
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一位对登山感兴趣 的美国人。
(1)who 引导的定语从句 此处 who is interested in mountain climbing是定语从句,修饰先行词 an American man, who 是 关系代词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
当先行词为人时,常用关系代词 who 或 that 引导定语从句， who 或 that 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 who 或 that 作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。
(3)cutoff 切除;切断 为“动词+副词”型结构,宾语是名词时,可放在 cut 与 off 之间,也可放在 off之后;宾语是人称代词时，只能放在 cut 和 off 之间。
When was the telephone cut off? 电话什么时候被切断了? The flowers are beautiful. Don't cut them off. 这些花很漂亮，不要把它们剪下来。
something to save his own life. 但当他的水喝完时,他知道他必须做些事情来拯救自己了。
(1)run out ①用尽;耗尽 其主语通常是被用尽的时间、食物、金钱等。 run out of... 用光……,用尽…… (其主语为表示人的名词或代词,宾语为被用尽的物,相当于 use
We have problems getting to the mountain village
before dark. 天黑前我们到达那个山村有困难。
She has no problem(in)singing the song. 她唱这首歌没问题。
(2)breathe ①〔不及物动词]呼吸
People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人们睡觉时呼吸较为缓慢。 ②〔及物动词〕呼吸
He was interested in science when he was young. 他小时候就对科学感兴趣。
As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。
(1)as 〔介词〕作为,当作 后跟名词作宾语。
and a Hard Place. 失去了手臂之后,他写了一本名为《生死两难》的书。 called Between a Rock and a Hard Place是过去分词短语作 后置定语,called 意为“被称为……”与 named 同义,也可用 with the name of来代替。
an interesting book called The Old Man and the Sea 一本名叫《老人与海》的有趣的书
up)
Her money soon ran out. 她的钱很快就花完了。
I have run out of all my money. 我已经用光了我所有的钱。 ②跑出去 run out of 表示“从……跑出去”。
A big animal ran out of the zoo last night. 昨天晚上一只大型动物从动物园跑了出去。
He works in the hotel as a cook. 他在宾馆当厨师。
(2)climber 〔可数名词〕登山者;攀登者 该词是 由“动词 climb+-er”构成的名词。 许多动词后可加-er或-or 构成名词,表示动作的执行 者。
write(写作)→writer(作者) sing(唱歌)→singer(歌唱家;歌手) swim(游泳)→swimmer(游 泳者) collect(收集)→ collector(收集者;收藏家) visit(参 观)→visitor(参观者)
He didn't come to school because he was ill. 他没来上学,因为他生病了。
Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him. 因 为无法使自己的胳膊挣脱开来,他在那儿待了5天,希望 有人会发现他。
I use a knife to cut apples.
= I use a knife for cutting apples. 我用刀子切苹果。 (2)knife 〔可数名词]刀 其复数形式为 knives。
There are three knives on the table. 桌子上有3把刀子。
(3)be used to 习惯于……;适应于……
此处 to 为介词,后可接名词、代词或动词 -ing 形 式。该短语中 be 还可换成 get。
You will be/get used to this situation soon. 你很快就会适应这种状况。
He is/gets used to drinking tea with honey. 他习惯喝加蜂蜜的茶。