高中主要句法导学案4-7--名词性从句

1.了解名词性从句的概念，能判断出复合句中是否含有名词性从句，能根据语法功能
区分出各类名词性从句。

2.了解并掌握主语从句的语法功能及用法。

3.了解并掌握it作形式主语的各种句型结构，能区分与it引导的强调句型的不同。

4.了解并掌握主语从句连接词的使用特例，带-ever的连接词引导的主语从句在复合句
中的位置。

{语法导入}
一、名词性从句的概念及语法功能
概念：在句子中起___________ 作用的句子叫名词性从句。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任_______________________________________________________ 等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为
_______________________________________________________________。

【即时巩固练习】划出下列句子中名词性从句，并判断其属于哪种名词性从句？
Who will win the match is still unknown.
I want to know what he has told you.
The fact is that we have lost the game.
The news that we won the game is exciting.
二、名词性从句的连接词
（一）引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词/从属连词that, whether, if
连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词: when, where, how, why
（二）不可省略的连接词：
1、介词后的连接词
2、引导主语从句和同位语从句的连接词不可省略。

【即时巩固练习】
1）她被选中了令我们很开心。

2）我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

{语法讲解}
【主语从句】
一、主语从句的语法功能
在复合句中作__________ 的从句叫主语从句。

二、主语从句的连接词
主语从句通常由从属连词____________________, 连接代词__________________和连接副词_________________________等词引导。

注意：
1. 陈述句必须以that 引导, 不能省略。

2. 主语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if引导。

3．that与what均可引导主语从句，但有时要根据句意选去适当的连接词。

注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，没有意思；what在从句中充当主语或宾语，意思是：…（所）…的
4．连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略。

三、主语从句的用法
（一）主语从句在复合句中充当主语，句子的谓语动词用_____________________, what引导主语从句时，谓语动词由句意决定其单复数。

【即时巩固练习】
1）他为什么拒绝与你们一起工作仍然另我很困惑。

2）我们是一起走还是分开走关系不大。

（二）主语从句可以放在谓语动词之前，但多数情况下_____________________, 把主语从句放在主句之后。

what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句一般不后置，if引导的主语从句只能放在___________。

【即时巩固练习】
1）众所周知我们热爱和平。

2）无论谁来了都解决不了问题。

四、用it作形式主语的各种句型结构
主语从句可以位于____________________, 但多放在_______, 用it作形式主语，代替真正的______________。

【即时巩固练习】
1）That the earth is round is true.
= _____________________________________.
2）________________________________________.
= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.
（一）常见it作形式主语的各种句型结构：
1、It is＋名词＋从句
例如：
2、It is＋形容词＋从句(多用should)
例如：
3、It ＋不及物动词＋从句
例如：
4、It is ＋过去分词＋从句
例如：
【即时巩固练习】
1）可以肯定的是他会来的。

2）据说一些美国友人下周将来参观我们学校。

3）昨天晚上我们碰巧出去散步了。

4）我留下与否都没有关系。

（二）it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了______________________, 主语从句的连接词有变化。

而it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分____________________,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词_____________。

被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。

【即时巩固练习】判断:
1．It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
2．It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
3．It is in the morning that the murder took place.
4．It is John that broke the window.
五、用带-ever的连接词引导的主语从句一般不后置
Whoever leaves the room last should close the door.
Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.
【whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分】
whatever是what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。

例如：
Whatever she does is ridiculous．
whoever是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何……的人”。

例如：
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold．
whichever“无论哪个; 无论哪些”, 既指人, 也指物; 可以单独使用, 可以修饰名词, 也可以后跟of 短语。

例如：
Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others．
Whichever book you borrow doesn't matter to us．
六、语法小测
1.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
3.When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known
B. are not known
C. has not known
D. have not known
4. ________ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late
B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late
5. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
A. That…that you had expected
B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected
D. What…what you had expected
6.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If...do
B. That...do
C. If...does
D. That...does
7.It ________ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that
B. is thought what
C. thought that
D. is thought that
8.It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. how
9._______ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That
B. What
C. How
D. Which
10.____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have.
A. What, what
B. What, that
C. That, that
D. That, what
11.____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
12..____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
13._______is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.
A. That
B. Why
C. How
D. Who
14._______we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When
B. Why
C. What
D. That
15.______he won't go there is clear to all of us.
A. How
B. What
C. Why
D. This
16.____the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If
B. Where
C. That
D. What
17. ._______you come or not is up to you.
A. What
B. If
C. Why
D. Whether
18.._______makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. Anybody
19..____team will win the match is a matter of public concern.
A. Which
B. That
C. If
D. How
20..________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. Who
自我评价你完成本节导学案的情况为（）.
A. 很好
B. 较好
C. 一般
D. 较差
（一）判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
（二）用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
（三）选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean?
A. that
B./
C. how
D. what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. why
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what
B. that
C. /
D. how
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio
B. whether -I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio
D. whether can I repair the radio
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said
B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say
D. what the teacher said
6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first
B. what book should I read first
C. that book 1 should read first
D. which book I should read first
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it
B. what he had done
C. what had he done
D. that he had done it
8. Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China
B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China
D. which had she seen in China
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming
B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not
D. were they not coining
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next
B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next
D. how I should do next
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand
B. where I stood
C. I stood there
D. where I stood there
14. Can you tell me _____?
A. who is that gentleman
B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is
D. whom .is that gentleman
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need
B. what do you need
C. whatever you need
D. whether do you need
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they
B. what they can
C. how they can
D. how can they
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned
B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned
D. what have we learned
18. Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done
B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done
D. how the work was to be done
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved
B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved
D. that she achieved
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that
B. what
C. that
D. on which
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when
B. where
C. why
D. that
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did
B. that you had done
C. that what you did
D. what did you do
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D./
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him
B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him
D. that do I know of him
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever
B. anyone
C. whoever
D. someone
27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.
A. What
B. That
C. When
D. Where
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who
B. The thing
C. Whatever
D. Where
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if
B. that
C. what
D. when
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not
B. Whether or not
C. If
D. That
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. how
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. where
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That
B. When
C. What
D. Whether
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if
B. whether
C. why
D. that
35. It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
36. I t's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when
B. that
C. why
D. where
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when
B. why
C. where
D. that
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. The things
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D.Who
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether
B. If
C. Whenever
D. That
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That
B. Whoever
C. Whether
D. Whether or not
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What
B. Whether
C. That
D. Whatever
43. Has it been announced _____?
A. when are the planes to take off
B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off
D. when the planes are to take off
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
A. what
B. why
C. where
D. when
45. That’s _____ we should do.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. why
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what
B. What; what; what
C. That; that; what
D. Why; that; which
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A. when
B. why
C. that
D. what
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
A. all what
B. what
C. all which
D. what that
49. That’s _____ .
A. where our differences lie
B. our differences lie there
C. where do our differences lie
D. that where our differences lie
50. That is _____ .
A. where lived he there
B. where did he live
C. where he lived
D. that where he lived
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing
B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing
D. if it is worth doing
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how
B. which
C. what
D. as
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher
B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became
D. that I became a teacher
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have
B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what
D. what I shall have
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain
B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain
D. as if that it was going to rain
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it
B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it
D. what she did it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. why
58. T hat’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
A. where
B. at which
C. there where
D. when
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if
B. that
C. when that
D. that where
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. if
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. why
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why
B. if
C. that
D. whether
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that
B. where
C. that when
D. when
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether
B. that
C. why
D. when
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. where has he gone
D. which place he has gone
Ss will be able to use direct speech and indirect speech
Summarize the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
Learn about the special cases in which the tenses shouldn’t be changed.
I. Review Please change the direct speech into indirect speech
1）He said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.”
________ _________________________________________________
2）He asked, “Is Tom a teacher?”
________ _________________________________________________
3) He asked ,”Where is the post office?”
________ _________________________________________________
II. Gramma
Task 1. 陈述语序
Part 1.选择题
(1) I wonder ________.
A. where does he live
B. where he live
C. he lives where
D. where he lives
(2) ---Would you please tell me ________?
--- In a small village near Niingbo.
A. where was your mother born
B. where your mother was born
C. when was your mother born
D. when your mother was born
(3) The photograph will show you _______.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
(4) ---Where does he come from ?
--- Pardon?
--- I asked where_________.
A did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from
(5) She wondered __________.
A. how much he cost the computer
B. how much he paid for the computer
C. how much the computer will cost him
D. how much did he spend on the
(6)Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know ___________
A.who they were
B.who were they
C.who it was
D.who was it
Part 2 (改错)
1. He asked Lucy where did she go.
_____________________________________________________________________ 2. Tom asked Ann what did she want.
_____________________________________________________________________ 3. He asked me whether was I a teacher.
______________________________________________________________________ Task2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语
1)“I’m going to hide from the Germans,” Anne said.
Anne said that ______ was going to hide from the Germans.
2) He said, "I haven't seen her today."
He said that ______ hadn't seen her _______________.
3) She asks,”Is he still alive now? ”
She asks whether he is still alive ___________.
4) “May I use your knife？”He asked me.
He asked me if _____ might use ______knife.
5)“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.
He asked me if ______know her telephone number.
6) He said, "These books are mine."
He said _____books were ______.
Task 3. 时态
1) 一般现在时→一般过去时/不变
He said, “I am a teacher.”
________ ________________________________________________________
He asked me, “Are you a teacher?”
________ _________________________________________________
He asked Tom, ”Where are you from?”
________ _________________________________________________
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. ________ _________________________________________________
He said, "I get up at six every morning。

"
________ _________________________________________________
2) 现在进行时→过去进行时
He asked me, “What are you doing?”
________ _________________________________________________
“I am doing my homework”,said Tom.
________ _________________________________________________
The teacher asked Mary, “Are you listening to me?”
________ _________________________________________________
3) 现在完成时→过去完成时
She said. "I have lost a pen."
________ _________________________________________________
."How many car factories have been built in your country?" he asked me.
________ _________________________________________________
“Have you seen the film?” he asked me.
________ _________________________________________________
4) 一般过去时→过去完成时/不变
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。

"
________ _________________________________________________
."My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday." she said.
________ _________________________________________________
."Do you remember what your aunt told you last night?" Li ping's father asked him.
________ _________________________________________________
5) 一般将来时→过去将来时
She said, “I am going to the market.”
________ _________________________________________________
He said to me “I will call you tomorrow.”
________ _________________________________________________
Task 4 祈使句的转换
1)The captain ordered, "Be quiet."
The captain ordered ____________.
2) “Make sure the door is shut.” she said to her little son.
She told her little son _____make sure the door _____ shut.
3) “Don’t smoke in the room.” he said to me.-
He told me ____ to ______ in the room
4)“Open the books “ Sam said to me
Sam told me________________.
5)" Go to the front at once!" the officer said to the soldiers.
The officer said to the soldiers ________________________.
6) My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."
My teacher asked me ______________________.
III. Conclusion & Exercise
巩固练习
Part 1选择题
Part 1引导词
(1) I don’t know ___________or not.
A. whether he is at home
B. if he is at home
C. that he is at home
D. whether is he at home
(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.
A. which
B. whether
C. if
D. that
(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.
A. which
B. where
C. if
D. that
(4) I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us. He’ll help us with our English.
A. why
B. when
C. how
D. where
(5) --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear ______ I said? David?
--- Yes, Mum
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. if
(6) --- D o you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?
--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.
A. where, which
B. where, what
C. what, which
D. what, where
(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really d on’t know _____.
A. what should I choose
B. which I should choose
C. which should I choose
D. what I should choose
Part 2语序
(1) Did you find out ______?
A. she was looking for whose child
B. whose child was she looking for
C. whose child she is looking for
D. whose child she was looking for
(2) Are you interested in _____?
A. how did he do it
B. he did it how
C. how he did it
D. he how did it
(3) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me?
A. how the two players are old
B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
(4) --- What did the scientist say?
--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day.
A. he had to fly
B. he could fly
C. can he fly
D. could he fly
(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____?
A. Where the bank nearest
B. where is the nearest bank
C. where the nearest bank is
D. the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car?
A. what the matter was
B. what the matter is
C. what was the matter
D. what is the matter
Part 3 时态
(1) It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet, Sally.
A. haven’t started
B. didn’t
C. don’t start
D. hadn’t started
(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day.
A. is
B. was
C. has been
D. will be
(3) The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun.
A. goes
B. go
C. went
D. will go
(4) We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam.
A. have passed
B. had passed
C. pass
D. will pass
(5) “Could you tell me______?” “ Yes. They ____ to the library.”
A. where are the twins, have been
B. where were the twins, have been
C. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone
(6) Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week.
A. will buy
B. have bought
C. would buy
D. buys
(7) I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday.
A. goes
B. will go
C. went
D. have gone
IV:Homework(改写句子)
1.“Shut up,”she said to him.
2.“Speak louder, please,” he said to her.
3.“Don’t wait for me,” he said to them.
4.“Stop wasting the time,” she said to him.
5.“Can you tell me a story?” the girl asked her father.
6.“Follow his instructions,’ she said to me.
7.“Please could you come to the reception desk?” she asked him.
8.“Can you lend me five yuan?” he asked me.
9.The English teacher said to us, “Don’t speak Chinese, speak English.”
10.She said to him, “ Don’t play a trick on me again.”
自我评价你完成本节导学案的情况为（）.
A. 很好
B. 较好
C. 一般
D. 较差
宾语从句歌诀
宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。

展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。

主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。

陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。

非凡问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。

三关过后莫自得，人称、标点需注重。

留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。

[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。

如：
We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
二、三关
1. 引导词关
假如从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；假如从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；假如从句是非凡疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。

如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和非凡疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

如：
Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①假如主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
②假如主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。

如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注重：假如宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。

如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语假如是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；假如是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；假如是第三人称，不用变化。

如：
“May I use your k nife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。

主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。

如：
Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will gi ve us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。

因此，碰到它们
就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。

如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。

如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。

如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？
5.了解并掌握表语从句的语法功能及基本句型结构。

6.了解并掌握表语从句的用法。

{语法要点}
一、表语从句的语法功能
放在系动词____________________等后面的从句叫表语从句。

二、表语从句的连接词及基本句型结构
（一）引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大致一样, 连词
______________________________ 也可引导表语从句。

【即时巩固练习】
1）事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

2）这就是我们的问题所在。

3）看起来好象要下雨。

（二）表语从句的基本句型结构：
主语+ 系动词+ 表语从句
三、表语从句的用法
（一）从属连词that引导表语从句时，在非正式文体或口语中常可省略。

The trouble is (that) he is ill. 麻烦的是他生病了。

注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用________, 不能用_______________ 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用_________引导。

【即时巩固练习】
1）他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。

2）我们不相信他的原因是因为他经常说谎。

（二）主句的主语是表示“意愿、要求、命令、建议”等名词（如：idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement）, 表语从句应用虚拟语气, 即: (should) +动词原形。

【即时巩固练习】
1）他的命令是所有人马上离开这儿。

2）我的建议是我们应该讨论一下这件事情而不是置之不理。

四、语法小测
1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.
A. that
B. if
C. when
D. whether
2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.
A. because
B. that
C. for
D. because of
3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it
A. where
B. there
C. there where
D. where there
4．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted
A. who can we get
B. what we can get
C. who we can get
D. that we can get
5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D.不填
6. The reason is_________I missed the bus.
A. that
B. when
C. why
D. what
7. That is ___ we were late last time.
A. that
B. when
C. why
D. what
8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
A. that
B. like
C. as
D. as though
9.—I fell sick!
--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. because
10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.
A. because his mother is ill
B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill
D. for his mother is ill
11. —He was born here.
-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. how
12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what
B. where
C. that
D. why
自我评价你完成本节导学案的情况为（）.
A. 很好
B. 较好
C. 一般
D. 较差
（一）注意连接词that与what的区别：
that在引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分；what在引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。

如：
What you said yesterday is right.
That she is still alive is a consolation.
See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning. （what作did的逻辑宾语）What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. （what引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作主语）
【即时巩固练习】
1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you
B. That；how you are
C. How；that you are
D. What；how you are
2. The trouble is__________we are short of tools.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. why that
3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.
A. what
B. where
C. the place
D. there where
4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .。