How引导的特殊疑问句辨析

How的疑问句辨析之杨若古兰创作
一、单独用作疑问词.
1．问身体健康等情况.
How are your parents? 你父母身体好吗？
How are things in your father’s factory? 你爸爸厂里的情况如何样？2．问天气情况.
How is the weather today? 今天天气如何样？
how 用于扣问动作履行的方式、手段等，译为“如何”.如：—How do you usually go to school？你通常如何去上学.
—On foot. 步行.
How can I carry the box upstairs? 我如何才干把这箱子搬到楼上呢？4．扣问程度. How do you like this book? 你觉得这本书如何样？二、与其它描述词或副词搭配使用
How often 多久一次，做事的频率
How long多长时间做某事持续了多长时间
How soon 多久当前只用于将来时
How far 多远扣问距离和路程
How many 多少用以扣问可数名词的量
How much 多少用以扣问不成数名词的量
How old 多大扣问年龄
How tall 多高扣问某人/物的高度
How heavy 多重扣问某人/物的分量
How about 如何样扣问对方的定见
How heavy is the big box? How long is the bridge?
对于这些问句的回答，要根据实际情况直接回答
How often do you go to the movie? Once a month.
How far is the nearest post office? It is three kilometers. It is thirty minutes’walk.
（一）how many和howmuch的区别
1. 所润色词的分歧
how many用来润色可数名词的复数，它的句式是:How many+复数名词+普通疑问句＋?
how much用来润色不成数名词，暗示数量，也可单独使用.
2．how many的用法
（1）对there be句型中主语的数量如:some, five, only one等提问时,如果主语是可数名词,不管主语是单数还是复数普通都用复数方式提问,由于问话人不晓得具体的数量是多少,而且many只能接可数名词复数方式,所以be必定要用are.即用How many+可数名词复数+are there+地点/时间状语?的句型结构.例如:
1. There is a book on the desk. (用how many改为特殊疑问句)
How many books are there on the desk?
2. There are seven days in a week. (对划线部分进行提问)
How many days are there in a week?
(2)口诀记忆
how many在句首,名词复数跟着走,普通问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢. 3．howmuch的用法
（1）用来扣问事物的数量，后接不成数名词.例如：
How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶？
（2）用来扣问事物的分量.例如：
－How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重？
－Eighty kilos.八十公斤.
（3）how much 意为“多少钱”时，可单独使用，也可构成词组how much money，但英语中常省略money，用来扣问某物的价钱、价格.（留意：how much扣问价格时，它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采取汉语拼音yuan,fen来暗示，几角常采取几十分来暗示，字母用小写，且不必复数.例如：
－How much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱？
－Ninety two fen.九角二分.）
（4）用来扣问数字计算的结果，相当于what.例如：
－How much is three plus one?三加一等于多少？
－It's four.等于四.
三、how long,how often,how soon的区别
1、how long
how long有以下两个次要意思：
1. 暗示多长时间，次要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问.如：
1)A：How long did he stay here? 他在这儿呆了多久?
B：About two weeks. 大约两个礼拜.
2)A：How long does it take to get to London from here?
从这里到伦敦要多长时间?
B：At least ten hours. 至多要10个小时.
2. 暗示某东西有多长.如：
A：How long is the river? 这条河有多长？
B：About 500 km. 大约500千米.
2、how often
how often 指每隔多久，次要用来对频度副词或状语(如：once a week, three times a month 等)提问.如：
1)A：How often does he come here? 他(每隔)多久来一次?
B：Once a month. 每月一次.
2)A：How often do you visit your mother? 你多长时间看你妈妈一次?
B：Once a week. 一周一次.
3、how soon
how soon 指再过多久，次要用来对暗示将来的一段时间(如：in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问.如：
1)A：How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来?
B：In an hour. 1 小时当前.
2)A：How soon shall we know the results? 我们多久能晓得结果?
B：I don’t know. 我不晓得.
四、how heavy,how tal，how far，How old的辨析
扣问物体的分量时用how heavy.如：
——How heavy is the fish？这条鱼多重？
——It's 5 kilos．5公斤.
扣问人或物的高度时用how tall.如：
——How tall is the tree？那棵树多高？
——More than 5 metres．5米多.
how far暗示“多远”对距离的提问，如：
A:How far is your home from school? 你家离黉舍有多远？
B：My house is three miles from school. 我家里黉舍有三英里
How old问年龄.如：
How old are you？你多大了？
how about
how about 是英语口语中经常使用词.普通用于以下几个方面
A、向对方提出建议或请求.例如：
How about going out for a walk? 出去散散步好吗？
B、咨询对方的看法或定见.例如：
How about the playing the violin? （你认为）她的小提琴拉的如何样？C、扣问天气或身体等情况.例如：
How about your uncle now? You can’t leave him by himself. 你叔叔近来身体好吗？你们不克不及单独让他生活.
D、寒暄时用作承接上下文的转机语.例如：
I am from Beijing. How about you? 我是北京人，你呢？
E、对所陈述的情况做出反诘，常给予对方一种暗示.例如：
——My memory is good. I’ve n ever forgotten anything.
我的记忆力很好，从不健忘什么.
五、How可以用来对描述词、副词强调构成感叹句.
how 引诱的感叹句结构有：
1. How + 描述词 + 主语 + 谓语！
How beautiful the flowers are! 这些花是多么美丽呀！
How beautiful the flowers in the parks are! 公园里的那些花多美啊！
2. How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！
How heavily it is raining! 雨下得是多么大呀！
留意以how开头的感叹句与以how开头的特殊疑问句的语序和句末符号是分歧的.感叹句主谓不倒装，句末是感叹号，而特殊疑问句主谓要倒装，且句末为问号.试比较：
How far is the factory from here? 车站离这儿有多远？（疑问）
How far the factory is from here! 车站离这儿多远啊！（感叹）
专项练习：
一、选择题.
⒈ ____ delicious the dish is!
A. What
B. How
C. What a
⒉ ____ strange clothes he is wearing!
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
⒊ ____ an interesting subject it is!
A. What
B. How
C. What an
⒋ ____ foggy it was yesterday!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
⒌ ____ careless a boy you are!
A. How
B. What a
C. What
二、用how many, how, how much, how often, how long,how old 填空
1.A:_____ _____ students are there in the classroom?
B: There are 15 students in the classroom.
2.A:_____ _____ do you take a bath?
B: I take a bath twice a week.
3.A:_____ _____have you been learning English?
B: I have been learning English for 2 years.
4.A:_____ _____stars are there in the sky?
B: There are many stars in the sky.
5.A:_____ are you? B: I am fine.
6.A:_____ does your mother go to Beijing?
B: My mother goes to Beijing by train.
7.A:_____ _____ days are there in a week?
B: There are seven days in a week.
8.A:_____ _____ is your bag?
B: My bag is 50 dollars.
9.A:_____ _____ is your grandma?
B: My grandma is 60 years old.
三、就划线部分提问.
1.She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问）
_______ ______ ______ she write to her parents?
2. Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问） _____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?
3. It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.（划线提问） ______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work?
4. It's about two kilometers from here to the country.（划线提问） ______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country?
5. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. ______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?。