人教版高考英语一轮总复习课后习题 必修第3册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES

UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Throughout my twenties I told myself that I would give up smoking one day.That seemed comfortably far away to prevent me panicking too much,but also definitive enough to fool myself into thinking I’d give up before it killed me.But then my thirties came and went and nothing happened.
Then,my aunt died from lung cancer.I had a moment of fear:unless I decide to stop smoking,there will be a high probability that at some point in my life I’ll have a cough or some other symptom(症状) and it will be cancer or a similar awful disease.Still,Ididn’t act.
But I couldn’t help beginning a good,hard think about my smoking and what I was going to do about it.The more I thought about it,the more I questioned what I really loved about it.Then came the sudden realization:I was an addict—I was making all the kind of excuses that the alcohol and drug addicts made.
I decided to quit.But after a few days when out for drinks with friends,Iyielded to temptation(诱惑) and had one.The next day I bought a pack of cigarettes and my very first quit attempt was well and truly a failure.But I learned from this and decided the nept would be better planned.I investigated different options online,and met with a smoking cessation(戒烟) nurse at my local surgery who used some techniques to change my thinking about smoking.
With all the support around me,I felt so confident about my ability to quit.I actually looked forward to the date I’d set to stop.That was nearly 10 years ago and I haven’t looked
back.Ofcourse,in the early days it wasn’t always plain sailing.There were times when I was weak and times when I nearly slipped up.But I was prepared for this and didn’t let it throw me off.Stopping smoking was one of the best things I’ve ever done.
1.What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was ignorant of cigarettes.
B.He cared little about his health.
C.He lacked motivation for working.
D.Hedidn’t make up his mind to quit smoking.
2.What inspired the author to make the first quit attempt?
A.His self-analysis.
B.Worsening health.
C.Symptoms of lung cancer.
D.Loss of a family member.
3.What does the underlined phrase “yielded to” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Came up with.
B.Gave in to.
C.Stepped out of.
D.Broke away from.
4.Which can best describe the second attempt?
A.It was fruitless.
B.It lasted for 10 years.
C.It was a determined attempt.
D.It was abandoned halfway.
B
People who give,livelonger,studies have shown.Now,a new study by University of Michigan researchers shows that why people volunteer—not whether they volunteer—is what really counts.
For the study,Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in and aiming at the same random samples of 3,376
people.Overall,they found that just 2.3 percent of those who once worked as volunteers had died,compared to 4.3 percent of
non-volunteers.They further found that how much people volunteered mattered as well—only 1.8 percent of regular volunteers
died,compared with 2.5 percent of occasional volunteers.
But what really made a difference were people’s motives for volunteering.The researchers asked people to rate how important they found various reasons for volunteering,and they found that the more important people rated reasons such as feeling pity for people in need,the more likely they were to be alive.Those who rated motives related to personal benefit as more important were more likely to have died,and just as likely to die as those who didn’
t volunteer at all.These reasons included volunteering because they enjoyed the social contact,to escape their own problems,or to explore their own strengths.
Konrath says the current findings suggest it may be a poor idea to encourage people to volunteer because it’s good for
them.“Volunt eering is increasingly being encouraged in schools and organizations.Some groups say that it’s okay to want benefits for yourself,and encourage people to think of volunteering as an ee groups emphasize the health benefits received through volunteering.”Konrathadded,“Ofcourse,it’s reasonable for volunteers to eselves.But the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self-benefit becomes a person’s main motive.”
5.What does the new study mainly find?
A.Whether we volunteer decides our well-being.
B.Why we volunteer has an impact on our health.
C.How we volunteer makes sense to others.
D.How often we volunteer makes a difference.
6.How did the researchers do the research?
A.By analyzing statistics.
B.By reviewing previous studies.
C.By doing lab e samples.
7.Which of the following motives will probably benefit the volunteers most?
A.Making more friends.
B.Developing ability in practice.
C.Solving personal problems.
D.Helping people in trouble.
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.Practical suggestions on further studies.
B.Potential applications of the research method.
C.A further explanation of the current findings.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research findings.
Ⅱ.七选五
Hilde’s father was a reporter.He often took her to work with him,and she developed a strong interest in news stories and
reporting. 1 She did the writing,her sister Izzy took pictures,and her father helped her organize and print the newspaper.Hilde wanted to cover big stories in her town.Following the rules her father had taught her,she researched and reported stories in her monthly newspaper.
The newspaper suddenly became famous when a murder happened in the town,and Hilde was the first person to report it.Soon,news organizations around the country were doing stories on Hilde.
2 Some people criticized her parents for allowing her to report on something as unpleasant as a murder.
Others criticized Hilde for “pretending to be a reporter”.Some people even suggested she should be playing with dolls. 3 She respo nded with a YouTube video.“I never began my newspaper so that people would think I was cute,” she said.“I want to be taken seriously.”
That wasn’t the last time Hilde had trouble getting people to take her seriously.Sometimes,it was because of her
age.Othertimes,it was because she was a girl. 4 Hilde continued reporting and her activities as a reporter have made her famous.
Now Hilde has published a book telling her own story and the challenges she has faced.Some of those challenges came from Hilde herself,struggling to figure out who she was as she grew older.
5 But she is still just 15,and has plenty of time to decide what she wants to do with her life.Her efforts have already inspired people around the world.
A.But she never let that stop her.
B.Hilde was upset by the complaints.
C.Fornow,Hilde says she has given up reporting.
D.When she was 8,Hilde started her own newspaper.
E.Her great success in reporting has changed her life.
F.Not everyone was happy about Hilde’s efforts,though.
G.She was clearly in a dilemma about how to solve the crisis. Ⅲ.语法填空
Walking into the Palace Museum,visitors can see an architectural compleany characteristics of Chinese culture.But1.
can’t be seen is the science and technology behind it.The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology,thus2. (enhance) its capacity for cultural emunication,tourism services and heritage protection.
The Palace Museum,3. (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China’s most complete variety,has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices 4.independent intellectual property rights (IPR).The
5. (history) risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment inde,risk judgment and early warning systems,and preventive measures.With the introduction of AI,big data and cloud computing,the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and
6. emergency platform for immovable cultural relics.
Additionally,digital technologies 7. (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics.It has introduced 1.86
million pieces of cultural relic information,850,000 pieces/sets of images,1,500 three-dimensional models and high-precision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas,bringing cultural resources to life and offering 8. (good) digital services for internet users.The Palace Museum is 9.
(true) an amazing ebine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics. Ⅳ.应用文写作
是学习雷锋精神六十周年。

假定你是学生李华,下周有新西兰学生访问你校,你将作为学生代表向他们介绍雷锋精神。

请为此写一篇发言稿,内容包括:
1.表示欢迎;
2.介绍雷锋精神;
3.表达期待。

注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。

参考词汇:雷锋精神 Lei Feng spirit
Dear friends,
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了作者戒烟的经历。

1.D 细节理解题。

根据第一段和第二段中的“Ihadamomentoffear...Still,Ididn’tact.”可知,作者没有真正下定决心去戒烟。

故选D项。

2.A 推理判断题。

根据第三段中的
“ButIcouldn’thelpbeginningagood,hardthinkaboutmysmokingandwha tIwasgoingtodoaboutit.ThemoreIthoughtaboutit,themoreIquestioned whatIreallylovedaboutit.Thencamethesuddenrealization:Iwasanaddi ct”可知,是自我分析使作者开始了第一次戒烟的尝试。

故选A项。

3.B 词句猜测题。

根据画线短语后的“Theneyveryfirstquitattemptwaswellandtrulyafailure.”可知,第二
天,作者买了一包烟,第一次戒烟的尝试失败了。

由此可知,画线短语所在句指的是作者决定戒烟,但几天后和朋友出去喝酒,屈服于诱惑了,画线短语意为“屈服于”,gaveinto与其同义。

4.C 推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“Iinvestigateddifferentoptionsonline,andmetwithasmokingcessati on(戒
烟)nurseatmylocalsurgerywhousedsometechniquestochangemythinking aboutsmoking.”和最后一段中的
“Ofcourse,intheearlydaysitwasn’talwaysplainsailing.Thereweret imeswhenIwasweakandtimeswhenInearlyslippedup.ButIwaspreparedfor thisanddidn’tletitthrowmeoff.”可知,在戒烟早期,并不总是一帆风顺的,但作者已经做好了准备,并没有因此而放弃。

由此可推断,作者第二次戒烟的尝试是坚定的。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了密歇根大学研究人员的一项新研究表明,真正重要的是人们为什么做志愿者,而不是他们是否做志愿者。

文章解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。

5.B 细节理解题。

根据第一段可知,这项新研究主要发现了我们做志愿者的原因对我们的健康有影响。

6.A 细节理解题。

根据第二段中
“Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedinandaim ingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.”可知,研究人员通过分析数据进行这项研究。

故选A项。

7.D 推理判断题。

根据第三段中“Theresearchersaskedpeopletoratehowimportanttheyfoundvariousre asonsforvolunteering,andtheyfoundthatthemoreimportantpeoplerate dreasonssuchasfeelingpityforpeopleinneed,themorelikelytheyweret obealive.”推知,“帮助有困难的人”这一动机可能会使志愿者受益最大。

8.C 段落大意题。

根据最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲的是对当前发现的进一步解释。

故选C项。

Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

讲述了8岁的女孩Hilde创办自己的报纸遇到的种种非议,赞扬了Hilde不怕挑战、迎难而上的品质。

1.D 上文
“Heoftentookhertoworkwithhim,andshedevelopedastronginterestinn ewsstoriesandreporting.”说明了Hilde开始对报纸行业产生兴趣,结合下文
“Shed idthewriting,hersisterIzzytookpictures,andherfatherhelped herorganizeandprintthenewspaper.”可知,Hilde开始自己制作报纸。

D 项“Whenshewas8,Hildestartedherownnewspaper.”衔接上下文恰当。

故选D项。

2.F 根据上文
“Soon,newsorganizationsaroundthecountryweredoingstoriesonHilde .”可知,Hilde有了名声,结合下文
“S omepeoplecriticizedherparentsforallowinghertoreportonsomethi ngasunpleasantasamurder.”可知,并不是所有人都欣赏Hilde的报道行为。

F项“NoteveryonewashappyaboutHilde’sefforts,though.”衔接上下文恰当。

故选F项。

3.B 上文“OtherscriticizedHildefor
‘pretendingtobeareporter’.Somepeopleevensuggestedshe shouldbep layingwithdolls.”描述了人们对Hilde各种各样的批评,空处应该承接上文,指出Hilde对此做出的反应。

B项“Hildewasupsetbythecomplaints.”中“complaints”照应上文提到的各种批评,衔接恰当。

故选B项。

4.A 上文
“Sometimes,itwasbecauseofherage.Othertimes,itwasbecauseshewasa girl.”说明了人们批评Hilde的其他原因,结合下文“Hildecontinuedreporti ngandheractivitiesasareporterhavemadeher famous.”可知,Hilde并没有因为批评而停止报道。

A项“Butsheneverletthatstopher.”衔接恰当。

故选A项。

5.C 根据下文
“Butsheisstilljust15,andhasplentyoftimetodecidewhatshewantstod owithherlife.”可知,前句与其构成转折,C项
“Fornow,Hildesaysshehasgivenupreporting.”说明她现在不再报道新闻了,衔接下文“虽然如此,但她年龄还小,有大量的时间去决定日后从事的工作”。

Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

短文介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合,从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。

1.what 考查主语从句。

空处引导主语从句,作主语,指代事物,应用连接代词what。

2.enhancing 考查非谓语动词。

空处为非谓语动词,表自然而然的结果,用现在分词作结果状语。

3.equipped 考查非谓语动词。

空处为非谓语动词,ThePalaceMuseum与equip为被动关系,所以用过去分词。

4.with 考查介词。

根据句意可知,表示“有”,用介词with。

5.historical 考查词性转换。

修饰名词用形容词。

故填historical。

6.an 考查冠词。

platform为可数名词,泛指“一个应急平台”,且emergency首字母的发音为元音音素。

故填an。

7.have been applied 考查动词的时态和语态。

表示过去对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时,主语与谓语为被动关系。

故填havebeenapplied。

8.better 考查形容词比较级。

根据句意可知,此处表示更好的,用形容词比较级better。

9.truly 考查副词。

修饰谓语动词应用副词。

故填truly。

bination 考查词性转换。

apply后接名词作宾语,故填combination。

Ⅳ.
Dear friends,
We feel so delighted by your visit and I am ey heartfelt welcome on behalf of our school.
I’d like to introduce Lei Feng spirit to you,since marks the 60th anniversary of Chairman Mao’s initiating “Learn from Comrade Lei Feng”.LeiFeispirit,named after Lei Feng,a late soldier of PLA,stands for commitment,selflessness,devotion and
kindness.Everyone in our country is encouraged to follow Lei Feng as an example and show their love and concern to the people around us.
We sincerely hope you can truly feel the harmonious atmosphere of people’s performing small and random act of kindness and that Lei Feng spirit is being passed on through generations.。