高考复习第二讲 冠词

高考复习第二讲: 冠词
冠词的定义：冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。

冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。

冠词的分类:不定冠词"a，an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种,零冠词指的是不用冠词
的情况。

不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。

不定冠词的用法-1 不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。

"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音开头的词前。

判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。

不定冠词的用法-1
1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示"一"
There is a tiger in the zoo.
2. 表示一类人和东西
A tiger can be dangerous.
3. 表示"某一个"的意思
A gentleman wants to see you.。

4. 表示"同一"的意思
They are nearly of an age.。

The two shirts are much of a size.。

5. 表示"每一"的意思
We go swimming four times a week.。

6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业
My mother is a teacher.。

7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.
8. 在英国英语中，以"h"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用"an"
There is an hotel near here.
9. 在such a，quite a句式中
He is quite a good actor.
Don't be in such a hurry.
10. 在感叹句what...的句式中
What a pretty girl she is！
不定冠词的用法-2
用在某些表示数量的词组中：
a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多
a dozen 一打（但也可以用one dozen）a great deal of 大量
定冠词的用法-1
1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.。

2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door, please.
3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）
Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to
look for food for him.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year.
5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球the sky 天空the world 世界
6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国the United Nations 联合国
定冠词的用法-2
7. 表示方向、方位
in the east 在东方in the west 在西方in the front 在前面at the back 在后面
in the bottom 在底部at the top 在顶部on the right 在右边on the left 在左边
8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。

10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人the rich 富人the sick 病人the wounded 伤员the good 好人the beautiful 美丽的事物
11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
12. 用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。

13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中
The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。

14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the
play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴
15. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上go to the cinema 去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏all the year round 一年到头on the way to 前往...去的路上
16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。

注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法
A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.
零冠词的用法
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词
China 中国Europe 欧洲Lei Feng 雷锋William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词
January 一月份Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣诞节Thanksgiving 感恩节
National Day 国庆节May Day 劳动节
比较： ...on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。

）
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at school.
Summer is the best season for swimming.
比较：I had a big lunch yesterday.（表示某一个）
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.（表示特指）
比较：I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.（表示特指）
4. 进行球类运动
play basketball 打篮球play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球
5. 没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made of wood.
比较：The wood outside was all wet.（表示特指）
6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词
Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。

比较: The time of the play was 1990s. (表示特指）
7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。

I like tomatoes.
8. 山峰
Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
9. 固定词组
go to school 去上学go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去go by boat 乘船去
at table 在用餐in hospital 住院at school 求学in school 求学
at noon 在中午at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜in town 在城里
10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词
A boy came in, book in hand.
11. 泛指人类
Man is mortal. 人必有一死。

12. 在"kind of＋名词sort of＋名词"句式中
What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？
I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。

13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。

He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。

As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open.
冠词和三餐的搭配三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：We have breakfast at eight．
He gave us a good breakfast．。

I was invited to dinner．
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador．
The Scots have porridge for breakfast．
The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house．
介词短语与冠词
at table 在进餐at the table 在桌子旁边
at desk 在读书at the desk 在课桌旁
at school 在上学at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课in the class 在班级里面
in bed 卧床in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢in the prison （因事）在监狱
in hospital 住院in the hospital （因事）在医院
go to school 去上学go to the school （因事）去学校
go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 在床上
go to hospital 去看病go to the hospital 去医院
二. take place 发生take the place 代替
in place of 代替in the place of 在...的地方
in case of 万一in the case of 就...来说
out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 完全不可能
通常使用不定冠词的短语
after a while 过了一会儿all of a sudden 突然as a rule 通常as a result 结果，因此as a matter of fact 事实上as a whole 大体上at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 急忙
in a way 在某种程度上in a word 总而言之It’s a pity that… 令人遗憾的是…
put an end to… 结束… come to an end 结束come to a conclusion 得出结论
have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒
have a word with 和…谈一谈keep an eye for 对…有鉴赏力make a living 谋生make a fire 生火 make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步
练习:
1.There is ____ “s” in ____ word “bus”.
A. a ; a
B. an ; the
C. a ; the
D. an ; a
2.Maths is ___ useful subject. You can’t drop it , I think.
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. /
3.____ bad weather it is!
A. How
B. What a
C. How a
D. What
4.Look at ____ picture! There’s ____ house in it.
A. a ; a
B. the ; the
C. a ; the
D. the; a
5.What ___ interesting story it is!
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
6.Meimei is ___ best student in her class.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
7.Tom is ___ kind boy. All ___ students love him.
A. a ; /
B. a ; the
C. an ; /
D. an ; the
8.Is ___ book on the desk mine? Yes.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. /
9.Even while he was in ___ hospital, he went on writing songs.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
10.China has ___ population of 1,200,000,000.
A. /
B. an
C. the
D. a
11.Mary is ___ cleverer of the two girls.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. much
12.____ young must look after ___ old.
A. The ; a
B. The ; the
C. A ; a
D. A ; the
13. ___ earth is one of ____ planets.
A. The ; sun’s
B. The ; the sun
C. The ; the sun’s
D. The ; the suns’
14.Tokyo is ___.
A. the capital of Japan
B. capital of Japan
C. Japan capital
D. a capital of Japan
15.Kate sometimes plays ___ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays ___ table tennis before supper.
A. / ; the
B. the ; /
C. the ; the
D. / ; /
16. –Have you seen ___ pencil? I left it here this morning.--Is it ___ red one ? I saw it.
A. a ; the
B. the ; the
C. the ; a
D. a ; a
17.—How long did you stay there ? --About half ___ hour.
A. /
B. one
C. a
D. an
18. Alan has ______ e-dog and he names it Charlie.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
19. Look at _______ red shoes. Aren’t they very nice?
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
20. Having afternoon tea is an English _________.
A. tradition
B. menu
C. drink
D. festival
1.(2010•浙江卷) Many lifestyle patterns do such________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body.
A．a；/B．/；the C．a；the D．/；/
3．(2011•西城5月)—What do you think about ________dress in the shop window?
—Oh，it’s beautiful.You may give it to Linda as ________birthday present.
A．a；a B．the；a C．a；the D．the；the
4．(2011•陕西宝鸡检测二)During the camp trip，children were fascinated by ________wonders of ________nature.
A．/；/B．/；the C．the；/D．the；the
5．(2011•烟台四校联考)It is clear that ________little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________company.
A．/；the B．a；the C．a；/D．the；a
1.(2010•江苏卷)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that________people from all walks of life are working hard for________new Jiangsu.
A．/；a B．/；the C．the；a D．the；the
2．(2011•江西六校联考)The driver was at________loss when ________word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A．a；the B．/；/ C．the；the D．a；/
1．(2010•山东卷)If we sit near________front of the bus，we’ll have________better view. A．/；the B．/；a C．the; a D．the；the
3．(2010•重庆卷)Everything comes with________price；there is no such________thing as a free
lunch in the world.
A．a；a B．the；/ C．the；a D．a；/
4．(2009•辽宁卷)This area experienced________heaviest rainfall in________month of May. A．/；a B．a；the C．the；the D．the；a
6．(2009•安徽卷)We can never expect________bluer sky unless we create________less polluted world.
A．a；a B．a；the C．the；a D．the；the
8．(2009•四川卷)In order to find________better job，he decided to study________second foreign language.
A．the；a B．a；a C．the；the D．a；the
9．(2009•陕西卷)What________pity that you couldn’t be there to receive________prize! A．a；a B．the；a C．a；the D．the；the
10．(2009•全国卷Ⅰ)Let’s go to________cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for________while.
A．the；the B．the；a C．a；the D．a；a
1．(2011•海淀区第一学期期中练习)Jack had ________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in ________school magazine.
A．the；a B．a；the C．/；the D．the；/
2．(2011•杭州市教学质量检测)I got ________bad toothache yesterday，which kept me awake ________whole night. A．a；the B．/；a C．the；a D．a；/ 3．(2011•苏锡常镇四市教学调查)China is ________vast country which is home to________amazing variety of landscapes，plants and animals.
A．the；the B．a；the C．the；an D．a；an
4．(2011•东北三省四市联考)—Anyone in mind for this position？What about Jack?
—He may be a good friend，but business is business.He is not________man for ________job. A．a；a B．the；the C．a；the D．the；a
6．(2011•青岛市模拟)________World Expo is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy，science and technology，________expert said.
A．A；an B．The；an C．The；a D．A；the
7．(2011•山东青岛一模)I was told that________10∶15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________Fudan University.
A．the；/B．the；a C．a；the D．/；the
8．(2011•河南郑州测试)The students were studying in ________classroom when，all of ________sudden，the lights went out.
A．/；/B．a；the C．the；a D．the；/
9．(2011•江西重点中学二模)My mother asked me to repeat________phone number ________second time so that she could write it down.
A．the；a B．a；the C．an；a D．the；the
10．(2011•潍坊市质量监测)Jack wanted to be________university student，but in________entrance examination he missed by a mile.
A．a；an B．an；the C．the；an D．a；the
11．(2011•济南期中考试)—Stay a bit longer，please.It’s been such________fun having you here. —Thank you，but I’ve got________early start tomorrow morning.
A．/；the B．a；an C．/；an D．the；an。