高一英语心理学理论阅读理解30题

高一英语心理学理论阅读理解30题
1
<背景文章>
Behaviorism is a school of psychology that emphasizes observable behavior. The main idea of behaviorism is that all behavior is learned through conditioning. There are two types of conditioning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov. In his famous experiment, he showed that dogs could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell. Pavlov paired the sound of a bell with the presentation of food. After several pairings, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell alone.
Operant conditioning was developed by B.F. Skinner. In operant conditioning, behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it. If a behavior is followed by a reward, it is more likely to be repeated. If a behavior is followed by punishment, it is less likely to be repeated.
Behaviorism has many applications. In education, behaviorist techniques can be used to shape students' behavior. For example, teachers can use rewards to encourage good behavior and punishments to discourage bad behavior. In therapy, behavior modification techniques can
be used to help people overcome phobias and other problems.
Behaviorism has been criticized for ignoring the role of mental processes. Critics argue that behaviorism does not take into account the thoughts and feelings that influence behavior. However, behaviorism has made important contributions to psychology and has had a significant impact on education and therapy.
<问题1>
Behaviorism emphasizes ___.
A. mental processes
B. observable behavior
C. unconscious motives
D. genetic factors
答案：B。

原因：文章开头就提到Behaviorism is a school of psychology that emphasizes observable behavior.（行为主义是强调可观察行为的心理学流派。

）
<问题2>
Classical conditioning was discovered by ___.
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Ivan Pavlov
D. Carl Jung
答案：C。

原因：文中明确提到Classical conditioning was
discovered by Ivan Pavlov.（（经典条件反射是由伊万·巴甫洛夫发现的。

）<问题3>
In operant conditioning, behavior is strengthened or weakened by ___.
A. instincts
B. emotions
C. consequences
D. memories
答案：C。

原因：文中提到In operant conditioning, behavior is strengthened or weakened by the consequences that follow it.（在操作性条件反射中，行为是通过其随后的结果而被强化或削弱的。

）<问题4>
If a behavior is followed by a reward, it is ___.
A. less likely to be repeated
B. more likely to be forgotten
C. more likely to be repeated
D. less likely to be noticed
答案：C。

原因：文中提到If a behavior is followed by a reward, it is more likely to be repeated.（如果一种行为之后跟着奖励，那么它更有可能被重复。

）
<问题5>
Behaviorism has been criticized for ignoring ___.
A. the role of environment
B. the role of mental processes
C. the role of education
D. the role of genetics
答案：B。

原因：文中提到Behaviorism has been criticized for ignoring the role of mental processes.（（行为主义因忽视心理过程的作用而受到批评。

）
<问题6>
In education, behaviorist techniques can be used to ___.
A. encourage creativity
B. shape students' behavior
C. develop critical thinking
D. promote self-awareness
答案：B。

原因：文中提到In education, behaviorist techniques can be used to shape students' behavior.（（在教育中，行为主义技术可以用来塑造学生的行为。

）
<问题7>
In therapy, behavior modification techniques can be used to help people overcome ___.
A. physical illnesses
B. financial problems
C. phobias and other problems
D. relationship issues
答案：C。

原因：文中提到In therapy, behavior modification techniques can be used to help people overcome phobias and other problems.（（在治疗中，行为矫正技术可以用来帮助人们克服恐惧症和其他问题。

）
<问题8>
The main idea of behaviorism is that all behavior is learned through ___.
A. imitation
B. conditioning
C. intuition
D. experience
答案：B。

原因：文中提到The main idea of behaviorism is that all behavior is learned through conditioning.（行为主义的主要观点是所有的行为都是通过条件作用而习得的。

）
<问题9>
Pavlov paired the sound of a bell with the presentation of ___.
A. water
B. toys
C. food
D. books
答案：C。

原因：文中提到Pavlov paired the sound of a bell with the presentation of food.（巴甫洛夫将铃声与食物的呈现配对。

）
2
<背景文章>
Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, thinking, and problem-solving. The core concept of cognitive psychology is to understand how people acquire, process, store, and use information.
One of the main research methods in cognitive psychology is experimentation. Psychologists conduct experiments to observe and measure how people perform various cognitive tasks. For example, they might study how quickly people can recognize patterns, remember lists of words, or solve complex problems.
Cognitive psychology has had a significant impact on education. By understanding how people learn and process information, educators can design more effective teaching methods. For instance, teachers can use strategies that take into account students' attention spans, memory capacities, and problem-solving abilities.
Another important aspect of cognitive psychology is the study of metacognition. Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes. Students who are metacognitively aware are better able to monitor their learning, set goals, and use effective study strategies.
In conclusion, cognitive psychology provides valuable insights into
how people think and learn. By applying the principles of cognitive psychology, educators can improve the effectiveness of their teaching and help students become more successful learners.
11. The core concept of cognitive psychology is to understand ______.
A. human emotions
B. physical health
C. mental processes
D. social interactions
答案：C。

原因：文章明确提到“The core concept of cognitive psychology is to understand how people acquire, process, store, and use information.”，即认知心理学的核心概念是理解心理过程。

12. One of the main research methods in cognitive psychology is ______.
A. observation
B. speculation
C. experimentation
D. intuition
答案：C。

原因：文中提到“One of the main research methods in cognitive psychology is experimentation.”。

13. Cognitive psychology can help educators design more effective teaching methods by understanding ______.
A. students' hobbies
B. students' family backgrounds
C. how people learn and process information
D. students' personalities
答案：C。

原因：“Cognitive psychology has had a significant impact on education. By understanding how people learn and process information, educators can design more effective teaching methods.”。

14. Metacognition refers to ______.
A. unconscious thinking
B. creative thinking
C. the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes
D. logical thinking
答案：C。

原因：“Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes.”。

15. Students who are metacognitively aware are better able to ______.
A. play games
B. watch movies
C. monitor their learning, set goals, and use effective study strategies
D. sleep well
答案：C。

原因：“Students who are metacognitively aware are better able to monitor their learning, set goals, and use effective study strategies.”。

16. Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of ______.
A. economic processes
B. mental processes
C. political processes
D. cultural processes
答案：B。

原因：“Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, thinking, and problem-solving.”。

17. Psychologists conduct experiments to observe and measure ______.
A. people's physical abilities
B. people's social skills
C. how people perform various cognitive tasks
D. people's artistic talents
答案：C。

原因：“Psychologists conduct experiments to observe and measure how people perform various cognitive tasks.”。

18. The impact of cognitive psychology on education is significant because it helps educators understand ______.
A. students' fashion tastes
B. how people learn and process information
C. students' favorite foods
D. students' music preferences
答案：B。

原因：“Cognitive psychology has had a significant impact on education. By understanding how people learn and process information,
educators can design more effective teaching methods.”。

19. An important aspect of cognitive psychology is the study of ______.
A. metacognition
B. meteorology
C. microbiology
D. mythology
答案：A。

原因：“Another important aspect of cognitive psychology is the study of metacognition.”。

20. Educators can improve the effectiveness of their teaching by applying the principles of ______.
A. cognitive psychology
B. physical education
C. art history
D. music theory
答案：A。

原因：“By applying the principles of cognitive psychology, educators can improve the effectiveness of their teaching and help students become more successful learners.”。

3
<背景文章>
Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the uniqueness and potential of human beings. It focuses on
the individual's subjective experience and the importance of personal growth and self-actualization.
One of the key characteristics of humanistic psychology is its belief in the inherent goodness of people. Humanistic psychologists believe that individuals have an innate drive towards growth and fulfillment. They also emphasize the importance of free will and personal choice in determining one's behavior and life path.
Another important aspect of humanistic psychology is its emphasis on the therapeutic relationship. In humanistic psychotherapy, the therapist creates a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their feelings and experiences. The therapist does not judge or diagnose the client, but rather acts as a facilitator, helping the client to access their own inner wisdom and resources.
Humanistic psychology has had a significant impact on the field of counseling and psychotherapy. It has helped to shift the focus from pathology and dysfunction to health and growth. Humanistic approaches such as person-centered therapy and gestalt therapy have been widely used in clinical settings and have been shown to be effective in helping people overcome a variety of psychological problems.
In addition to its applications in therapy, humanistic psychology has also influenced education, business, and other fields. Its emphasis on personal growth and self-actualization has inspired many people to pursue
their dreams and live more fulfilling lives.
Overall, humanistic psychology offers a valuable perspective on human nature and behavior. Its emphasis on the individual's subjective experience and potential for growth can help us to better understand ourselves and others, and to create more meaningful and fulfilling lives.
21. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the __________ of human beings.
A. weakness
B. uniqueness and potential
C. pathology
D. dysfunction
答案：B。

原因：文章开头就提到Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the uniqueness and potential of human beings.（（人本主义心理学是一种强调人类独特性和潜力的心理学视角。

）
22. Humanistic psychologists believe that individuals have an innate drive towards __________.
A. destruction
B. stagnation
C. growth and fulfillment
D. regression
答案：C。

原因：文中提到Humanistic psychologists believe that
individuals have an innate drive towards growth and fulfillment.（人本主义心理学家认为个体有内在的成长和实现的驱动力。

）
23. In humanistic psychotherapy, the therapist acts as a __________.
A. judge
B. dictator
C. facilitator
D. critic
答案：C。

原因：文中提到In humanistic psychotherapy, the therapist does not judge or diagnose the client, but rather acts as a facilitator, helping the client to access their own inner wisdom and resources.（在人本主义心理治疗中，治疗师不作为评判者或诊断者，而是作为促进者，帮助来访者获得他们自己内在的智慧和资源。

）
24. Humanistic psychology has had a significant impact on the field of __________.
A. physics
B. chemistry
C. counseling and psychotherapy
D. mathematics
答案：C。

原因：文中提到Humanistic psychology has had a significant impact on the field of counseling and psychotherapy.（人本主义心理学对咨询和心理治疗领域有重大影响。

）
25. Humanistic approaches have been shown to be effective in helping
people overcome __________.
A. physical problems
B. financial problems
C. psychological problems
D. social problems
答案：C。

原因：文中提到Humanistic approaches such as person-centered therapy and gestalt therapy have been widely used in clinical settings and have been shown to be effective in helping people overcome a variety of psychological problems.（人本主义方法如以人为中心疗法和格式塔疗法在临床环境中被广泛使用，并被证明在帮助人们克服各种心理问题方面是有效的。

）
26. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of __________.
A. external factors
B. heredity
C. free will and personal choice
D. environment
答案：C。

原因：文中提到They also emphasize the importance of free will and personal choice in determining one's behavior and life path.（他们也强调自由意志和个人选择在决定一个人的行为和人生道路中的重要性。

）
27. The therapeutic relationship in humanistic psychotherapy is
characterized by __________.
A. distance and coldness
B. criticism and judgment
C. safety and supportiveness
D. indifference and apathy
答案：C。

原因：文中提到In humanistic psychotherapy, the therapist creates a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their feelings and experiences.（（在人本主义心理治疗中，治疗师为来访者创造一个安全和支持性的环境，让他们探索自己的感受和经历。

）
28. Humanistic psychology has influenced __________.
A. only the field of psychology
B. only the field of education
C. only the field of business
D. multiple fields
答案：D。