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大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷

大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷(1)I. Choose the best from the four answers provided for each question. (20 points)1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Shakespeare’s poem “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose / By any other name would smell as sweet” is a reflection of the conventionalist’s opinion concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.B.Facts have proved the naturalists to be valid concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.C.The conventionalists hold that the relations between sound and meaning are conventional and arbitrary.D.The fact that words with the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages supports the conventionalists.2.The word “brunch” is formed from “breakfast” and “lunch”. Such a process of word-formation is called ____________.A.affixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. abbreviation3.It’s easy for us to associate “husband” with “wife”. Such an association is an application of ____________.A.the minimal-contrast ruleB.the feature-deletion and –addition ruleC.the marking ruleD.the category preservation rule4.The pair of antonyms “teach—learn” belong to ____________.plementariesB.contrariesC.conversivesD.None of the above5.The derivational antonym of “pleasant” is ____________.A.pleasureB.unpleasantC.disgustingD.not pleasant6.The pair of words “air —heir” belong to ____________.A.homographB.homophoneC.full homonymsD.none of the above7.The major difference between “propaganda” and “publicity” lies in their ____________.A.distributionB.emotional coloringC.stylistic coloringD.collocation8.The semantic relationship between “spinach” and “vegetable” is a kind of ____________.A.hyponymyB.antonymyC.synonymyD.homonymy9.____________are related in the same way as the pair of words “Mystery: Clue” are related to each other.A.Book: readerB.fruit: bowlC.door: keyD.detective: crime10.The word “nice” originally meant “foolish”, and now it means “pleasant”. This process of semantic change is called _______.A.degenerationB.generalizationC.elevationD.specialization11.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the formula “word –concept –referent”?A.A concept is the base of the meaning of a word.B.A concept is an abstraction from the referents.C.The formula shows that the word refers to the referent through a concept.D.There is a direct relationship between a word and its referent.12.____________ means using a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without changing the form of the word.A.BlendingB.ConversionC.ShorteningD.Affixation13.The semantic feature used to distinguish between “bachelor”and “spinster” is ____________.A.[Human]B.[Adult]C.[Common]D.[Male]14.____________ is characterized by full inflections.A.Old EnglishB.Middle EnglishC.Early Modern EnglishD.Modern English15.The word “gold-collar” is created by imitating the word “blue-collar”. This kind of analogy is based on ____________.A.numberB.colorC.oppositeness in meaningD.space16.In terms of register, most English idioms belong to ____________.A.colloquial Englishmon core of the English languageC.formal EnglishD.slang17.In the sentence “this is the face that has changed the future of the world”, a(n) ______ is used.A.metaphorB.metonymyC.synecdocheD.analogy18.In the following poem “All the world’s a stage, / And all the m en and women mere players, /They have their exits and entrances”, what figure of speech is used?A.simileB.hyperboleC.metaphorC.personification19.Which of the following is an example of grammatical collocation?A.lift an embargomit suicideC.avoid doingD.sound asleep20.Some puns are based on ______.A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.homonymyD.antonymyII. Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the textbook. (20 points)21.According to modern lexicology, the minimal meaningful unit of a language is word.22.The same phrase can be either a free phrase or an idiom, depending on the meaning and context.23.The word “teacher” is a transparent word.24.The development of American English was plain sailing. In other words, the attitudes of both British and Americans towards American English were always positive.25.An idiom composed of “noun + and + noun” is always nominal in nature.26.Written English is always formal, while oral English is always informal.27.When you want to express your sympathy towards somebody whose grandfather has just died, it’s proper for you to say “I am very sorry that your grandpa has kicked the bucket.”28.In the word “snatch”, the sound sequence“sn” can be associated with “quick movement”. This is an example of “primary onomatopoeia”.29.“V.O.A.” is an acronym because it is formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters.30.In English, the word “edit” is created by the deletion of the supposed suffix “or” in the word “editor”. This process is called affixation.31.In the sentence “it is possible that the local court will find for him”, the phrase “find for” is an idiom.32.In terms of spelling, “honour” is American English, and “honor” is British English.33.In English, absolute antonyms are more numerous than relative synonyms.34.The central meaning of a word is always its primary meaning.35.The use of “the Kremlin” for Russian government is called metonymy.36.The word “sanctuary” originally meant “sacred place”, and later it is used to refer to “any place where refuge is provided”. This process of semantic change is called specialization.37.In terms of diction, the sentence “penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced” is written English.38.One of the differences between American English and British English lies in the form of subjunctive mood. For example, the sentence “I move that Mr. Smith be appointed Secretary” is British English, while “I move that Mr. Smith should be appointed Secretary” is American English.39.In the group of words of “black, red, yellow and color”, “color” is the superordinate, and “black, red, yellow” are the subordinates, or hyponyms.40.Modern English lexicology belongs to general lexicology.III. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 points)41.A foreign language learner’s vocabulary can be divided into active vocabulary and ____________ vocabulary.42.Most of the English native words are of ____________ origin.43.The first authoritative English dictionary is called ____________, which was compiled by Johnson.44.“ISBN”, which stands for ____________, is an initialism often seen the in back cover ofa book.45.Small words have two features, that is, a ____________ of meanings and functions as well as flexibility of usage.46.There are two types of collocations in English, that is, ____________collocation and lexical collocation.47.Old English is a ____________ language, while modern English is mainly an analytic language.48.The variants of the same morpheme are called ____________.49.____________ is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.50.____________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word has two or more different meanings.IV. Correct the linguistic errors in the following statements with the help of your English-English dictionary. Each statement contains only ONE error. (10 points)51.He can’t find a good job because he lacks of skills.52.His theory based on a lot of data.53.He has the ability of repairing computers.54.She concerns her son’s safety.55.It’s not polite to in trude somebody when he or she is busy.56.We should refrain our friends from smoking.57.I had my teacher to recommend some books to me.58.The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got the students correct one another’s papers.59.I never regretted not to accept his offer, for it was not where my interest lay.60.The teacher is being confused.V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to idioms.(10 points)61.They came up with a plan for drastic pruning of the bloated institution.62.To Kate, calculating and cold, the most important thing was power.63.Both were workaholics who thought nothing of being at their desks at 6:30 a.m..64.There is nobody in our class but wishes to help you.65.For university students, the importance of English and computer skill cannot be overestimated in modern society.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answer should be clear and brief. (10 points)66.List seven differences between relative synonyms.67.In English, stative verbs usually cannot take the so-called progressive aspect. But there are some exceptions. List two cases in which stative verbs may take the progressive aspect.VII. Analysis and comment. (20 points)68.The following is a paragraph from a Chinese student’s essay in CET-6 entitled “Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Make use of the relevant theory you have learned in this course to make a comment on the diction. Do you think this is a good paragraph? Why?Because I think learning English is very important, especially to me. Well if you ask me why, I’ll tell you there are lots of reasons. Let’s look at something in job markets. And if you can’t speak English, you can’t get a good job. Don’t you believe? Then another is to communicate with foreigners. You know, if you can’t speak English, how can you make your ideas understood by them? Anyway, spoken English is getting more and more important. So a test of spoken English is necessary.69.Now you have had a general knowledge of English lexicology. Which chapter do you think is especially useful to you? And what are you going to do to improve your English in thisaspect?大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷(2)I．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the textbook. (10 points)1.The distinction between free forms and bound forms was first made by ____________, American linguist.2.A language learner’s vocabulary can be divided into ____________ vocabulary and active vocabulary.3.Most of the native words in British English are of ____________ origin.4.The _____ Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of French words into the English vocabulary.5.There are two types of collocations in English: ____________collocation and grammatical collocation.6.American English derives from ____________ English in the seventeenth century.7.According to Martin Joos, there are five styles: frozen, formal, ____________, casual and intimate.8.____________ features refer to a set of abstracted characteristics necessary to distinguish the category which the word names from all other categories, such as [Human], [Male], etc.9.____________ is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily used of one thing is applied to another.10.____________refers to a variety of language defined according to its use in social situations.II. Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (15 points)11.In th e word “nicely”, “ly” is a grammatical morpheme, while “nice” is a content morpheme.12.In the group of words “conceive, deceive, perceive, receive, conceive”, “ceive” is a root, but not a free morpheme. This example shows us that there is a difference between root and free morpheme.13.The word “book” is a transparent word because it is composed of only one morpheme and cannot be analyzed into parts.14.The word “Chinglish” is created by means of affixation.15.The suffix“-ism”can always be translated into“主义”in Chinese.16.The word “SARS” is an acronym because it is formed from the initial letters of severeacute respiratory syndrome and pronounced as letters.17.In terms of motivation, the word “scream” is an example of secondary onomatopoeia.18.The primary meaning of a word is always its central meaning.19.From the point of view of style, oral English is always informal.20.All of the idioms composed of noun + and + noun are nominal in nature.21.From the very outset, the term “American English” was used to refer to language spoken by Americans.22.In the history, the development of American English was plain sailing.23.All of the idioms belong to colloquial English, so they cannot be used on formal occasions.24.According to modern lexicology, the smallest significant element of speech is word.25.The phrase “take off” in the sentence “He took off the Prime Minister to perfection” is free phrase.III. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (10 points)26.Which of the following statements is not true as to the relationship between sound and meaning?A.The conventionalists maintain that the connection between sound and meaning is arbitrary and conventional.B.The naturalists hold that there is a natural connection between sound and meaning.C.The fact that the same phonological form can convey different meanings proves the validity of the naturalists.D.Generally speaking, of the two schools, the conventionalists are more valid.27.American English is characterized by ____________.A.conservativenessB.creativenessC.uniformityD.all of the above28.The words “air” and “heir” are ____________.A.homophonesB.homographsC.full homonymsD.none of the above29.The difference between “politician” and “statesman” mainly lies in their ____________.A.distributionB.stylistic coloringC.emotive coloringD.degree of quality30.The idiom “bag and baggage” is _______ in nature.A.nominalB.verbalC.adjectivalD.adverbial31.The relationship between “doctor” and “dentist” belongs to _______.A.synonymyB.antonymyC.hyponymyD.homonymy32.Such antonyms as “father” and “mother” are ____________.A.conversivesB.contrariesplementariesD.none of the above33.The word “beauty” originally meant “the inside and outside excellence of both man and woman”. Then it changed to mean only “outside excellence”. Now it only refers to “the outside excellence of woman”. This process is called ____________.A.elevationB.degenerationC.specializationD.generalization34.In the sentence “Beijing is very angry at the response of Washington to the Taiwan issue”,a ____________ is applied.A.metaphorB.synecdocheC.metonymyD.simile35.The word “auth” is created by deleting the supposed suffix “-or” of “author”. This process of word-formation is called ____________.A.blendingpoundingC.abbreviationD.back-formationIV. Correct the errors in the following sentences with the help of your dictionary. There is only ONE error in each sentence. (10 points)36.He had worked very hard, however, he failed to pass the exam.37.There is no need to concern with this matter.38.This novel bases on historical facts.39.She prides herself in her skill as a gardener.40.The teacher is being confused.41.He has the ability of making a very good boat.42.She denied to be the case.43.He refrained himself from smoking.44.I’m considering to change my job.45.I couldn’t help to cry.V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (20 points)46.Both were workaholics who thought nothing of being at their desks at 6.30 a.m. —and 6.30 p.m. as well.47.The foot of a man is to his body what the base of mountain is to the whole mountain.48.The success of English teaching depends on a teacher’s informed choice of methodology.49.There is not one of us but wishes to help you.50.She is always getting at me because I don’t keep the desk tidy.51.A good story is none the worse for being told a hundred times.52.The value of the information he has provided cannot be overestimated.53.She is under contract to star in two films a year.54.The text is too difficult for the students or the teacher, for that matter.55.For all I care, you may do what you like with him.VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (15 points)56.Shakespeare has Juliet say:“What’s in a name? That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet.”What do the above lines say to you about the relationship between the sound and meaning?57.What does onomatopoeic motivation mean? Does it contradict the statement that there is no natural connection between sound and meaning?VII. Analysis and comment. (20 points)58.Make a comment on the use of a good dictionary in English learning in no less than 300 words. Your comment must contain at least the following aspects: the relationship between English learning and the use of a dictionary; the criteria for deciding on a good dictionary; how to use a dictionary.大学英语专业词汇学考试模拟试卷(3)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20 points)1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Shakespeare’s poem “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose / By any other name would smell as sweet” is a reflection of the conventionalist’s opinion concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.B.Facts have proved the naturalists to be valid concerning the relationship between sound and meaning.C.The conventionalists hold that the relations between sound and meaning are conventional and arbitrary.D.The fact that words with the same meaning have different phonological forms in different languages supports the conventionalists.2.The word “literature” is borrowed from ____________.A.GermanB.GreekC.FrenchD.Chinese3.The word “brunch” is created by means of ____________.A.affixationB.back-formationC.blendingD.abbreviation4.A solid grasp of the usages of small words is very important in learning English. By small words we mean ____________.A.function wordsB.monosyllabic single verbsC.phrasal verbsD.all of the above5.In terms of register, English idioms belong to ____________.A.colloquial Englishmon core of the English languageC.slangD.all of the above6.The association of “husband” with “wife” is an application of ____________.A.the minimal-contrast ruleB.the feature-deletion and –addition ruleC.the marking ruleD.the category preservation rule7.The pair of antonyms “teach—learn” belong to ____________.plemetariesB.contrariesC.conversivesD.None of the above8.The chief foreign elements in the vocabulary of the English language are _______.A.GreektinC.FrenchD.All of the above9.The derivational antonym of “pleasant” is ____________.A.pleasureB.unpleasantC.disgustingD.not pleasant10.The pair of words “air —heir” belong to ____________.A.homographB.homophoneC.full homonymsD.none of the above11.The major difference between “stubborn” and “obstinate” lies in their ____________.A.distributionB.emotional coloringC.stylistic coloringD.collocation12.The semantic relationship between “spinach” and “vegetable” is ____________.A.hyponymyB.antonymyC.synonymyD.homonymy13.____________is opposite in meaning to “fortuitous”.A.unfortunateB.stupidC.piousD.designed14.____________are related in the same way as the pair of words “Mystery: Clue” are related to each other.A.Book: readerB.fruit: bowlC.door: keyD.detective: crime15.The word “nice” originally meant “foolish”, and now it means “pleasant”. This process of semantic change is called _______.A.degenerationB.generalizationC.elevationD.specialization16.In the sentence “this is the face that has changed the future of the world”, ______ is used.A.metaphorB.metonymyC.synecdocheD.analogy17.Which of the following statement is NOT true about the formula “word –concept –referent”?A.A concept is the base of the meaning of a word.B.A concept is an abstraction from the referent.C.The formula shows that the word refers to the referent through a concept.D.A word is a label of the referent.18.English idioms are characterized by ____________.A.semantic unityB.structural stabilityC.demotivationD.all of the above19.____________ means using a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without changing the form of the word.A.BlendingB.ConversionC.ShorteningD.Affixation20.The semantic feature used to distinguish between “bachelor” and “spinster” is ____________.A.[Human]B.[Adult]C.[Common]D.[Male]II. Judge whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (20 points)21.According to modern lexicology, the minimal meaningful unit of a language is a word.22.The same phrase can be both a free phrase and an idiom, depending on its meaning.23.The word “teacher” is a transparent word.24.The development of American English was plain sailing. In other words, the attitudes of both British and Americans towards American English were positive.25.An idiom composed of “noun + and + noun” is always nominal in nature.26.Written English is always formal, while oral English is always informal.27.When you want to express your sympathy towards somebody whose grandfather has just died, it’s proper for you to say “I am very sorry that your grandpa has kicked the bucket.”28.In the word “snatch”, the sound sequence “sn” can be associated with “quick movement”. This is an example of “primary onomatopoeia”.29.“V.O.A.” is an acronym because it is formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters.30.In English, the word “edit” is created by the deletion of the supposed suffix “or” in the word “editor”. This process is called affixation.31.In the sentence “it is possible that the local court will find for him”, the phrase “find for” is an idiom.32.In terms of spelling, “honour” is American English, and “honor” is British English.33.In English, absolute antonyms are more numerous.34.The central meaning of a word is always its primary meaning.35.The use of “the Kremlin” for Russian government is called metonymy.36.The word “sanctuary” originally meant “sacred place”, and later it is used to refer to “any place where refuge is provided”. This process of semantic change is called specialization.37.In terms of diction, the sentence “penalties for overdue books will be strictly enforced” is written English.38.One of the differences between American English and British English lies in the form of subjunctive mood. For e xample, the sentence “I move that Mr. Smith be appointed Secretary” is British English, while “I move that Mr. Smith should be appointed Secretary” is American English.39.In the group of words of “black, red, yellow and color”, “color” is the superordina te, and “black, red, yellow” are the subordinates, or hyponyms.40.Modern English lexicology belongs to general lexicology.III. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10 points)41.A foreign language learner’s vocabulary can be divided into active vocabulary and ____________ vocabulary.42.Most of the English native words are of ____________ origin.43.The first authoritative English dictionary is called ____________, which was compiled by Johnson.44.“ISBN”, which stands for ____________, is an initialism often seen the in back cover ofa book.45.Small words have two features, that is, a ____________ of meanings and functions as well as flexibility of usage.46.There are two types of collocations in English, that is, ____________collocation and lexical collocation.47.Old English is a ____________ language, while modern English is mainly an analytic language.48.The variants of the same morpheme are called ____________.49.____________ is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.50.____________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word has two or more different meanings.IV. Correct the errors in the following statements with the help of your English-Englishdictionary. Each statement contains only ONE error. (20 points)51.His urge to go is held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest.52.The compositions contained so few errors that the teacher got the students correct one another’s papers.53.I never regretted not to accept his offer, for it was not where my interest lay.54.She may be lacking experience, but she learns quickly.55.We are all astonished to learn that the apparently respectful professor was really a spy.56.She concerns her son’s safety.57.The water is feeling warm.58.What I did was to know the language.59.The teacher is being confused.60.The patron is owning the house.V. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. (10 points)61.What’s the difference between radiation and concatenation?62.What’s onomatopoeia? Does it contradict the statement that there is no natural connection between sound and meaning?VI. Analyze and comment on the following questions. (20 points)63.Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.“Get me an avodogo, please”, Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.64.Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷及答案

I. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions.（每题1分，共10分）1. Archaisms are words no longer in _________ use or _______ in use.2. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _________.3. The Indo - European language is made up of most of the languages of _____；_______； _____.4. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _______ meaning just like a ________. In English， bound roots are either _______ or _________.5. Affixes are forms that are ________ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups： ________ and ________.6. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _________， ________ and ________.7. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both ________ and ______ as a single word.8. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is ________.9. Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _______ meaning.10. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups： ________ and _________.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（每题1分，共10分）1. Old English was a highly inflected language. （）2. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （）3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （）4. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. （）5. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （）6. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit， so the internal structure can not be changed. （）7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partial conversion. （）8. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns， verbs and adverbs. （）9. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms， but there are many exceptions. （）10. Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （）III. Fill in each bland with a word contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket.（每题2分，共20分）1. Beads and shells are ________ forms of money. （modern）2. I have finished all the exercises， I am ______ done. （partly）3. On a humid day， there is a lot of ________ in the air. （dryness）4. Mosquitoes won't bite just anyone. They look for someone ________. （ordinary）5. If you want to drive， it is ______ to have a driver's license. （unnecessary）6. There is a great _____ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things. （difference）7. The man said， "I am ________. I didn't do it！" （guilty）8. The soldier stood in a ______ position while the general walked past him. （relaxed）9. You will have to ______ the string in order to open the box. （tighten）10. No one lives in that ______ house. （inhabited）IV. Explain the following terms：（每题5分，共20分）1. word2. affixes3. concept4. hyponymyV. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms：（每题1分，共20分）take on； break into； bite into ； go about； let out； draw up； set down；hold on to； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through； set off； call for； tear apart； buy off； build in； count on； sink in1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto， and political demonstration ______ the great cities of Paris， Vienna， Naples and Berlin.2. With liberal doses of calomel， rhubarb and castor oil， he slowly improved，and after three weeks， he ______ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed.3. He travelled to foundling homes， prisons and lunatic asylums in his search for people.4. We ________ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima.5. I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words _______， jolting me out of my sad reverie.6. No one talks about it any more， and no one wants to， especially， the people who were born here or who ______ it.7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and he thought that Hitler was ______ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A.8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _______ that _______？9. Assuming the hotel man was ______， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly.10. When railroads began ______ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce， Mark Twain left the country.11. By the time the trial began on July 10， our town of 1500 people had _______a circus.12. Among them was John Butler， who had _______ the anti - evolution law.13. Then the court ______ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.14. The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and ______ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it.15. By 1976， the slump had begun to _______ the bulk - carrier trade.16. The key tactic behind its strategy of _______ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment.17. Sailors and officers ______ their chores as usual on these ships， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks.18. Mr. Hopkins has _______ your name. He appears impressed， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth.19. He _________ a Southern war whoop. In a flash， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him.20. Mr. Jefferson， I can't quite ________ what it is you're talking about.VI. Questions and answers：（每题10分，共20分）1. What is extra - linguistic context？2. What is back - formation？I.1. common； obsolete.2. semantic loan.3. European； the Near East； India.4. fundamental； free root； Latin； Greek.5. attached； inflectional； derivational.6. word - formation； affixation， compounding； conversion.7. grammatically； semantically.8. monosemic； polysemy.9. essential.10. absolute synonyms； relative synonymsII.1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F8. F9. T10. TIII.1. old - fashioned2. completely3. moisture4. special5. essential6. similarity7. innocent8. rigid9. loosen10. desertedIV.1. The definition of a word comprises the following points：（1） a minimal free form of a language；（2） a sound unity；（3） a unit of meaning；（4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to the function of affixes， we can put them into two groups： inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional， thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the word and the suffixes after the word.3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human cognition，reflecting the objective world in the human mind， It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture， restricted to language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is， the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For instance， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower， the general word flower is the superordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip， rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree - like graphs， with higher - order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.V.1. tore apart2. called for3. built up4. set off5. sand in6. lived through7. counting on8. put out9. bought off10. drying up11. taken on12. drawn up13. broke into14. setting down15. bite into16. holding on to17. went about18. brought up19. let out20. make outVI.1. When we talk about context， we usually think of linguistic context， hardly aware of the non - linguistic situation， which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. The extra - linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire cultural background， which may also affect the meaning of words. Take the term trade union for example. In western counties， a trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established purposefully in opposition to the management， are expected to stage constant struggle against the management， are expected to say， shorter working hours， better working conditions and higher pay. The trade union leaders assume considerable power and have different duties and responsibilities. In China，however， the term has quite a different meaning. It is simply an organisation of masses under the leadership of the Party in each working unit， chiefly concerning the benefits of its members. There is no such thing as negotiation between the unions and management for higher pay or shorter working hours though unions are well in the position to make suggestions.2. Back - formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases， and back - formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back - formation usually involves the following types of words： abstract nouns； human nouns； compound nouns and others； adjectives. Words created through back - formation are mostly verbs. There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs. Stylistically， back - formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false（每小题1分，共10分）1. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation.2. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.3. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.4. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem.5. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.6. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.8. Unlike conceptual meaning， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.9. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user.10. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.II. Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text（每小题1分，共8分）1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： _____； ______；_____； ________.2. There is no _____ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.3. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _____， ______ and _______.4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding ______ or ______ to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words，affixation falls into two subclasses： ______ and _____.5. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _____.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles： ________ and _______.7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses， traditionally known as ______ and ________.8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _____ and ________， but different in _______.III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland（每小题1分，共16）1. He mounted his ________ （gee - gee， steed）。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。

词汇学模拟试卷(参考答案)

词汇学模拟试卷（参考答案）《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一)I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets. (30%) 1. English lexicology embraces morphology, semantics,______ stylistics and lexicography.A. etymologyB. pragmaticsC. syntax .D. phonology ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______.A. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______.A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings” has______ morphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______.A. dorm for “dormitory”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television” ( )9. The word “mouth” in the phrase “the mouth of a river” is regarded as a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically ( ) 10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the ______ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning ( ) 11. Frogs croak, but elephants ______.A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet ( ) 12. The antonyms “present” and “absent” are ______ terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded ( )113. The idiom “scream and shout” is a good example of ______.A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition ( ) 14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except ______.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure ( ) 15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the ______ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonological ( ) II. Complete the sentences with the proper words from the course book. (15%) 1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given __________________and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ____________________ language (Old English) to the present analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ___________________ morphemes.4. A ________________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the compositionof words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _______________it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the_________________ of the Roman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as ____________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _________________ andarbitrary. 9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of __________________ inclusion. 10. The same word may have different ___________________ meanings as shown in “do, does, did, done, doing.”11. Synonyms may differ in the ___________________ and intensity of meaning. 12. The word “famous” is ___________________, but the word “notorious” isderogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and ______________________ stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into ____________________ context and grammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain are both _____________________ dictionaries.III(Decide whether the following statements are true or false andthen put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. ( )2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages. ( )24. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be content words, which are also known as notional words. ( )5. The word“miniskirt” is a semantically motivated word. ( ) 6. There is a reversative prefix in the word “unwrap”. ( )7. The words “AIDS” and “UFO” are regarded as acronyms. ( )8. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “shorter”. ( )9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( ) 10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. ( )11. The word “disease” originally meant “discomfort”, but now it means “illness”, soit has undergone degradation of meaning. . ( ) 12. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. ( ) 13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, only resulting in synonymous idioms. ( ) 14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes. ( ) 15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary. ( ) IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?33. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?4V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer place.5《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)参考答案I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.65. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known aslinguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题2. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called7Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivationalaffixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on. 5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known aslinguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.82) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.9。

自考00832《英语词汇学》模拟试题及答案①

自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！自考00832《英语词汇学》模拟试题（一）一、Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1. The criteria of words include________. A ：The criteria of words include. B ：all national character C ：a cluster of letters D ：sound unity2. If we classify English words by use frequency,the two types of words are________. A ：the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary B ：content words and functional words C ：native words and borrowed words D ：functional words and notional words3. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:_______. A ：creation,conversion and borrowing B ：creation,borrowing and backformation C ：creation,semantic change and borrowingD ：semantic change,borrowing and backformation 4. Basic words are characterized with________. A ：polysemy B ：collocability C ：productivity D ：all the above5. More often than not,functional words mainly have________. A ：lexical meaning B ：associative meaning C ：collocative meaning D ：grammatical meaning6. The suffixes in words "clockwise","homeward" are_________. A ：noun suffixes B ：verb suffixes C ：adverb suffixes D ：adjective suffixes7. In English there are________types of motivation as far as the relationship between the sign and meaning is concerned. A ：2 B ：6 C ：4 D ：58. Which of the following about extralinguistic context is true?自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！A ：It can be subdivided into extralinguistic context and nonlinguistic context.B ：It only refers to the physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C ：It embraces the people,time,size and place.D ：It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background. 9. 9.The idiom "wide of the mark"is________. A ：adjectival in nature B ：verbal in nature C ：nominal in nature D ：adverbial in nature10. Idioms like "black sheep","new broom","a wet blanket"and"sit on the fence"are examples of________. A ：transfer B ：metonymy C ：metaphor D ：simile11. The idiom "might and main" uses________as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. A ：alliteration B ：metaphor C ：metonymy D ：rhyme12. Which of the following prefixes can NOT be used to indicate time and order?A ：AB ：BC ：CD ：D13. Which of the following is NOT from backformation? A ：To mass produce. B ：To lip read. C ：To nickname. D ：To chain smoke.14. Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of word meaning ？A ：Conceptual meaning.B ：Grammatical meaning.C ：Lexical meaning.自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！D ：Associative meaning.15. By "structural stability" of idioms,which of the following is right? A ：Many idioms are grammatically analyzable.B ：The constituents of idioms can not be replaced at random.C ：The constituents of idioms can be deleted.D ：More constituents can be added to idioms without changing their meanings. 16. Bilingual dictionaries involve________language(s). A ：one B ：two C ：three D ：four17. "Trumpet" is a(n)________motivated word. A ：morphologically B ：semanticallyC ：onomatopoeicallyD ：etymologically18. The meaning of the word "fond" changed from "foolish" to "affectionate" by mode of________. A ：extension B ：narrowing C ：elevation D ：degradation19. ________are those which cannot occur as separate words without being added to other morphemes. A ：Free rootsB ：Free morphemesC ：Bound morphemesD ：Meaningful units20. Words which have opposite meanings are called________. A ：synonyms B ：antonyms C ：homonyms D ：hyponyms21. The pair of words "respectable" and "respectful" has thesense of transfer respectively. A ：subjective,objective B ：objective,subjective C ：objective,objective D ：none of the above22. "Hopeless" is a________motivated word. A ：morphologically B ：onomatopoeically C ：semantically自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！D ：etymologically23. Extension is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become________. A ：generalized B ：expanded C ：elevated D ：degraded24. Of the following wordformation processes,________is the most productive. A ：clipping B ：blending C ：initialism D ：derivation25. The following are userfriendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English EXCEPT________. A ：extra columnB ：clear grammar codesC ：usage notesD ：language notes26. For beginners and lowerintermediate learners,a dictionary is essential as they do not know enough________of the target language. A ：monolingual B ：bilingual C ：unabridged D ：specialized27. Readers cant find pronunciation or meaning in________. A ：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English B ：The Encyclopedia AmericanaC ：Chambers Encyclopedic English DictionaryD ：Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary 28. The main body of a dictionary is________of words. A ：spellingsB ：pronunciationsC ：definitionsD ：grammar29. In the idiom "in good feather",we change "good" into "high"or "full" without changing meaning.This change ofconstituent is known as________. A ：addition B ：replacement C ：positionshifting D ：variation30. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example_________. A ：lewd → ignorant自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！B ：silly → foolishC ：last → pleasureD ：knave → boy二、Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(15%)1. 31.From the diachronic point of view,when the word was created,it was endowed with only one meaning .The firstmeaning is called .2. British dictionaries generally use to mark the pronunciation.3. 33.The antonyms "big" and "small" are .4. Websters New World Dictionary is a(n) dictionary.5. Prefixes are those affixes that are added to the head of words and they primarily change the meaning of the.6. 36. is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing.7. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and . 8. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the of words.9. A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using whatremains instead.This is called .10. "From cradle to grave" is an example of . 三、Define the following terms.(15%) 1. creation2. backformation3. radiation4. grammatical context5. desk dictionaries四、Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)1. How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loanwords?2. How do you understand semantic motivation?3. What are the linguistic factors of meaning changes?4. How do you understand"the structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable"?五、Analyze and comment on the following.Write your answers in the space given below.(20%) 1. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each "dull" respectively.［A ］The story in this book is dull.［B ］He became dull and silent when the class began. ［C ］I'm tired of such dull weather! (10 分) 2. The "pen" is mightier than the "sword".Explain what "pen" and "sword"mean respectively using the theory of motivation.自考易考题库软件课件集免费下载地址：/自考备考三件宝：自考笔记、真题及答案、题库软件、录音！！考试课件网：examebook.cm 出品！一、Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%) 1: 参考答案： C（P7）总体来讲，单词的标准包含以下几点：词是语言中最小的自由形式；是一个声音统一体；是意义单位；是一个能在句子中起到独立作用的形式。

英语词汇学-英语词汇学习题1及答案

英语词汇学-英语词汇学习题1及答案试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings fromLatin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is broughtabout by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（）prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type. 47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for differentcontext.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist （nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）。

全国高等教育自学考试模拟试题《英语词汇学》(共五套).docx

全国高等教育自学考试（一）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ；There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试（二）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking.， 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”，a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试（四）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。

词汇学模拟试卷1及答案word精品

英语词汇学》模拟试卷（一）I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the givenbrackets. (30%)1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ____ .A. rootsB. morphsC. stemsD. morphemes2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock isA. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( )3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ____ with a number of borrowings fromLatin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . (4. In modern times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change5. The words“motel”and “comsat”are called .A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . (6. The word “teachers”contains three morphemes, but the word“shortenings”hasmorphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five7. Reference is the relationship between language and theA. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense (8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: _A. dorm for “dormitory ”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television”(9. The word “mouth”in the phrase“the mouth of a river”is regarded as amotivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically (10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms dependingon the ______________ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning11. Frogs croak, but elephants ____ .A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet12. The antonyms“present”and “absent”are terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded13. The idiom “scream and shou”t is a good example of _ .A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition (14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except _____ .A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure (15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the _____ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonologicalII. Complete the following sentences with the proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given ________________and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ___________________ language (Old English) to thepresent analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are knownas ________________________ morphemes.4. A ______________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the compositionof words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of ______________it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the _______________ of theRoman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as __________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _______________ and arbitrary.9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of _________________ inclusion.10. The same word may have different __________________ meanings as shown in“do, does, did, done, doing”.11. Synonyms may differ in the __________________ and intensity of meaning.12. The word “famous”is _______________ , but the word“notorious”isderogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and _____________________ stability, idiomsdo not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into __________________ context andgrammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain areboth ____________________ dictionaries.III ．Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter“T ”if the statement is true or“F”if it is false. (15%)1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units knownas morphs. ( )2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by usefrequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavianlanguages. ( )4. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be contentwhich are also known as notional words. (5. The word “miniskirt ”is a semantically motivated word. (6. There is a reversative prefix in the word“unwrap”. (7. The words“AIDS ”and “UFO”are regarded as acronyms. (8. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word“shorter”. (9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( 10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. (11. The word “disease”originally meant “discomfort”, but now itmeans“illness”, so ) ) words, ) ) ) ) )it has undergone degradation of meaning. . (12. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. (13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part ofspeech, only resulting in synonymous idioms.14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes.15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary. IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?3. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of freemorphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates andsubordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin..英语词汇学》模拟试卷（—）参考答案I. 选择题1. D2. D 10. A 11. D3. D4. C12. C 13. A5. A14. B6. C7. B15. C8. C 9. DII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative13. structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morpheme as in “cat”and “teach”or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in“foolish ”and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can bedefined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part ofa word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, butacronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words.4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.V •论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: idealistic (ideal + ist + ic),antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes,“ideal”, “light ”and “house”are freemorphemes, but all the rest -st, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and —are bound morphemes.Of the six bound morphemes, -ist, -ic, an te- and-ent are derivati onal morphemes and-s is an inflectional morpheme, while -ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences, but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound to others to form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In the first sentence,“trees”, “water”and “place”are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake”and “cabin”in the second sentence are allsubordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previoussentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。

7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。

8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。

9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。

10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。

三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。

13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。

15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。

参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。

12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。

例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。

《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案

华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondingbrackets. （每题一分）( ) 1. “All national character” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words” and “loan words”.( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong toGermanic Family except Norwegian.( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings.( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes.( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts.( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation.( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter.( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages.( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning whichindicates grammatical concepts.( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation” the derived meanings of words are notdirectly related to the primary meaning.( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word graduallyacquires its meanings in the process of development.( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goesthrough extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat” is an example of narrowing of meaning.( ) 15. “teacher” and “student” are converses.( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared withspelling.( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguisticfactors.( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language.( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words.( ) 21. Idioms are phrases and short sentences the meanings of which are not easy to infer from the constituents in most cases.( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function is the most helpful way.( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words.( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked.( ) 25. V ariations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified.( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms.( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings.( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing.( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme.( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words.( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases.( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns.( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.( ) 35. Associative meaning consists of connotative meaning, stylistic meaning,affective meaning and emotive meaning.( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning.( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening.( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense.( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to beaffected by the action of the verb.( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion” and “gradability”.( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate.( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration.( ) 43. “villain” is an example of degradation.( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs andeven cultural background.( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context.( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature.( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed.( ) 48. The four major foreign contributors to the development of Englishvocabulary are Latin, Greek, French and Scandinavian.( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application.( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450.( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly r elated to the primary meaning.( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or culturalbackground.( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side byside.( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases.( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated.( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem.( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable.( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as commonwords.( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylisticfeatures of words and so on.( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem.( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive ornegative.( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which aregenerally found in the dictionary.( )71. Idioms are set phrases whose meaning is often difficult or impossible to infer from the constituent words.( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changingmeanings of old words.( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society.( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation.( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing—the most important source.( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years.( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character,denizens and productivity.( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers theconcept of the latter.( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings.( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see theirorigins as well as sense relatedness.( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language.( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.( ) 84. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but laterbecame assimilated into the English language.( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical itemin question.( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loanwords.( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and theobjective world.( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words.( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning.( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-convertedones still retain adjective features.( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particularmeaning.( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French.( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated.( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants.( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin.( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept.( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.( )101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primary meaning.( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character,denizens and productivity.( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness.( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )110. Aliens are words of the native element.( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but laterbecame assimilated into the English language.( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and theobjective world.( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable.( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words.( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-convertedones still retain adjective features.( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative.( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words.( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society.( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the oneaffected by the action.一、答案1、T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. TII. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example: disobey ( prefixation)headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization)expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion )ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending )enthuse (backformation ) deadline (compounding )tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping )kodak (commonization ) exwife (prefixation )elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy )autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping )airline ( compounding ) changeable (affixation/suffixation)postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy )bike (clipping ) smog (blending )donate (backformation ) ampere (proper words )antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation)三、填空答案1．meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion 3. root4. prefixes; suffixes5. synonym; relative6. superordinate; subordinate7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic9. Latin; Scandinavian10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept17．intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换)24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes26. superordinate subordinate 27. stable/fixed functional higher28. intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 29. affix 30. extension/generalization31.. antonyms contrary 32. elevation narrowing/specialization 33. connotativeIII. Fill in the blanks according to the coursebook and write your answers on thecorresponding lines. （每空1分）1. The connection between sound and is arbitrary and .2. The three major means of word-formation are , and .3. The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called .4. generally do not change part of speech whereas do.5. The words which are fully identical in meaning are called absolute and all the others care calledsynonyms.6. In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is and the term which conveys a specificmeaning is .7. falls into two kinds, namely context and context.8. A word is the free form which has a give sound, andfunction.9. The major foreign elements which contribute greatly to English vocabulary are, Greek, French and .10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called .11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and .12. The stylistic features of words form their meaning.13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically .14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing,, degradation and .15. motivation refers to the words whose meanings are suggested by their morphological structure.16. is one of the three kinds of meaning which has nothing to do withlanguage.17. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connecion between them is ______ andconventional.18. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and______.19. A minimal meaningful unit of a language is ______.20. Generally speaking, ______ do not change part of speech of the stems but their meaning, whereas ______do.21. Among pairs of antonyms, the ______ term covers the meaning of the ______ term.22. ______ is the change of meaning from specific to general.23. The major means of word-formation are ______, ______ and ______.24. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and______.25. Affixation, also called ______, is the formation of new words by adding ______ to stems.26. Hyponymy deals with the relation of semantic inclusion. The general term is ______ and the specific termsare ______.27. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are ______. ______ words enjoy a______ frequency in use than content words.28. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connection between them is ______ andconventional.29. A morpheme attached to a stem or root is ______.30. ______ is the change of meaning from specific to general.31. Words which are opposite in meaning are called ______, among which ______ terms are gradable andallow intermediate members.32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and theopposite process is called ______.33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning.IV选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A10.B 11. B12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题一分）( )1. Non-basic vocabulary includes __________.A. argot and jargonB. archaisms and neologismsC. technical termsD. all the above( )2. Functional words are ________________.A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctionsB. adjectives, nouns, articlesC. articles, prepositions, conjunctionsD. verbs, pronouns, prepositions( )3. ___________ is not a characteristic of basic word stock.A. ColloquialismB. All national characterC. StabilityD. Polysemy( ) 4. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. Renaissance Time( )5. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of __________of words.A. formalityB. affectivenessC. appropriatenessD. part of speech( ) 6. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word classwithout the addition of an affix, is called ____________.A. compoundingB. back-formationC. functional shiftD. derivation( )7. Grammatical meaning does not include ________.A. part of speechB. plural forms of nounsC. tensesD. appropriateness ( )8. English words can be motivated______.A. phonologicallyB. morphologicallyC. etymologicallyD. all the above ( )9. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words.A. formalityB. affectivenessC. appropriatenessD. part of speech ( )10. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________.A. descriptive and prescriptiveB. synchronic and diachronicC . spoken and written D. competence and performance( )11. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics?A. polysemyB. language familyC. ambiguityD. complementaries ( )12. The hyponyms of …vegetable‟ are ________.A. banana, pear, jamB. pear, apple, bananaC. cucumber, celery, peasD. tree, pine, elm( )13. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________.A. allomorphsB. phonemesC. morphsD. lexis( )14. _________ is a word-formation process by which a word is changed from one word-class into another without the change of form.A. BlendingB. AffixationC. Back-formationD. Conversio( )15. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________.A. 1604B. 1066C. 1406D. 1046( )16. “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of ________.A. euphemismB. synecdocheC. metonymyD. metaphor( )17. “child—parent” are _______ antonyms.A. rootB. derivativeC. relativeD. complementary( )18. Th e word “water” is _________ motivated.A. phoneticallyB. semanticallyC. morphologicallyD. non-( )19. “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a _________.A. sentence idiomB. proverbC. clause idiom D .both A and B ( ) 20. Narrowing excludes ________.A. change from material nouns to common nounsB. change from common nouns to proper nounsC. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economyD. change from specific meanings to general meanings( ) 21. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms include ________.A. true idiomsB. semi-idiomsC. regular combinationsD. all the above( ) 22. Motel is a/an is ________.A. blendB. clipped wordC. initialismD. acronym ( ) 23. “sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.A. HomophonesB. homographsC. perfect homonymsD. acronyms ( ) 24. “die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ i n ________.A. connotative meaningB. emotive meaningC. stylistic meaningD. all the above ( ) 25. He‟s nice, but he hasn‟t much brain. _________.A. SimileB. metaphorC. MetonymyD. synecdoche( ) 26. Which of the following is not associative meaning?A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning ( ) 27. One billion is ________ in British English.A. 1,000,000,000B. 1,000,000,000,000C. 1,000,000D. 1,000,000,000,000,000( ) 28. The morpheme “-s” in “desks” is ________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. freeC. inflectionalD. root( ) 29. ________ are contrary terms.A. dead / aliveB. parent / childC. single / marriedD. like / dislike ( ) 30. The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________.A. German / GermanicB. Celts / CelticC. Italian / ItalicD. Sweden / Swedish ( ) 31. The modes of modem English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ________ , semantic change and __________.A. exchange/lendingB. derivation/borrowingC. creation/borrowingD. affixation/creation( ) 32. Conversion is a method of __________.A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speechB. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaningC. deriving words by grammatical meansD. changing words in morphological structure( ) 33. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________.A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion ( ) 34. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English._________ of them are still in use today.A. 85%B. 56%C. 72%D. 75%V．Match the words in the left column with the words in the right column. （右栏的词每词1分）(1)narrowing manuscriptdeerextension poisongovernorelevation vulgarbonfiredegradation journallustdiseasealibi(2)narrowing journalgirlextension villainmarshalelevation barnmilldegradation deerknightcriticizeliquor(3)narrowing picturemeatextension girlmarshalelevation cunningbonfiredegradation journalangel连线(3)答案Narrowing: meat, girl, bonfire Extension: picture, journalElevation: marshal, angel Degradation: cunning连线(4)答案Narrowing: wife, deer Extension: holiday, manuscriptElevation: minister, governor Degradation: criticize, villain(4)narrowing holidayvillainextension wifeministerelevation deergovernordegradation manuscriptcriticizeVI. Do the following according to instructions.A Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of theitalicized words, using such terms as definition, example, explanation, synonym, antonym, superordinate, subordinate, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. （每题1分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many ofthem still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( )2. I like fruit, but not avocado, which is too soft. ( )3.Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog inthe street and ate it. ( )4. Most dentists‟ offices are drab places, but Emilio‟s new office is bright, cheerful.( )5. After a day of hunting, John was ravenous. He ate two bowls of soup, salad, alarge chicken, and a piece of chocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. ( )6. A north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’wester usuallybrings rain. （）7. Some African tribes still practice polyandry, a marriage system which allows awoman to have more than one husband. ( )8. Modern technology is a kind of dehumanization of the human society. ( )A．答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. subordinate/hyponym3. example/exemplification/superordinate4. antonym/antonymy5. relevant details6. antonym/antonymy7. explanation 8. word structureB Decide whether the words in italics are used in the subjective or objective sense and put your answersin the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）1. The policeman was suspicious of the suspicious proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing todo with the robbery. ( ) ( )2. The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman in the neighborhood.( )3. The earthquake was so dreadful that many people would be afraid even to see themovie based on it. ( )4.Fearful TV programs are not suitable to pre-school children.( )5. It is very considerate of Mr Li to make that arrangement. ( )6. The excuse given by the United States of America is really doubtful.( )7. The children were fearful of the fearful picture of the monster.( ) ( )8. What a pitiful girl! She lost her parents when she was so small.( )9. The listeners were doubtful of the witness‟s testimony which sounded verydoubtful.( ) ( )10. What a boring man he is! ( )11. The doubtful teacher listened patiently to the doubtful story told by the student who was late for class.( ) ( )12. It is very considerable of you to make such arrangements. ( )13. The little match girl was really pitiful. She died from cold and hunger on the Christmas Eve.( )14. Learning a foreign language is a painful process. No one can expect to learn the language well withoutpains. ( )B. 答案1. subjective; objective 2. objective3. objective4. objective5. subjective6. objective7. subjective; objective 8. objective9. subjective; objective 10. objective11. subjective, objective 12. subjective13. objective 14. objectiveC. Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of the italicized words,using such terms as definition, example, synonym, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets.（每题1分）1.Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remember the horrible killing notlong ago. ( )2.Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog in the street and ateit. ( )3.The tribal community still practices polygamy, a custom in which someone can be married to more than one person at thesame time. ( )4.As fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir ( ).5. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’wester, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.C. 答案1. synonym/synonymy 2. example/ exemplification3. definition/explanation4. antonym/antonymy5. relevant detailsVII. Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）A B( ) 1. alliteration a. snake in the grass( ) 2. rhyme b. toss and turn( ) 3. reiteration c. powder one‟s nose( ) 4. repetition d. earn one‟s bread( ) 5. juxtaposition e. wear and tear( ) 6. metaphor f. up and down( ) 7. metonymy g. pick and choose( ) 8. synecdoche h. from cradle to grave( ) 9. personification i. Failure is the mother of success.( ) 10. euphemism j. hand in handVII连线答案：1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (g) 4. (j) 5. (f) 6. (a) 7. (h) 8. (d) 9. (i) 10. (c)VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）1.break record (adj) ( record-breaking)2、fight with fists (adj) (ist-fighting)3. walk in one‟s sleep (n) (sleepwalking)4. a worm which glows (n) (glowworm)5. draw the bridge (n) (drawbridge)6. down to the earth (adj) (down-to-earth)7. sick for missing home (adj) ( homesick)8. the blood which causes the stain (n) (bloodstain)9. the part which is bitten by frost (n) (frostbite )10. shake hands (n) (handshake )IX. Define the following terms.（每题3分）1.notional words: Notional words are also called content words which denote clear notions. They includenouns, most verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.2.primary meaning: At the time when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning. This first meaningis the primary meaning .3.context :In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, a paragraph, a whole chapterand even the entire book in which a word appears. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation including the people, time, place and even the whole cultural background.4、marked terms:Many pairs of antonyms contain specific words and general words. In such a pair, thespecific word is included in meaning within the general word. The specific words are called marked terms.5、transfer :Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else haveexperienced transfer.6、ambiguity: If there is more than one meaning for a word used in a context, ambiguity occurs. Ambiguity is mainly。

自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(1)答案

with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have
strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established
affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes
come before the word and the suffixes after the word.
3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human
trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or
profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group
language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring
expressions as there are languages in the world.
4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.
7. grammatically； semantically.
8. monosemic； polysemy.
9. essential.
10. absolute synonyms； relative synonyms

词汇学模拟试题

英语词汇学摸拟題第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.。

英语词汇学试题及答案

英语词汇学试题及答案.txt I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose theone that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changingmeaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或 pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点： Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.有情芍药含春泪，无力蔷薇卧晓枝。

词汇学模拟试卷1

模拟试卷（1）I . Each of the statements below is followed by four choices. Please choose the one that best completes each statement.（10 %）1. In the word internationalists, nation is ________.A. rootB. stemC. baseD. root, stem, base2. ________is the most important of all characteristics of the basic word stock.A. ProductivityB. StabilityC. CollocabilityD. All national character3. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except________.A. slangB. Anglo-Saxon wordsC. argotsD. neologisms4. It is assumed that the world has 3 000 languages, which can be grouped into roughly _language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. A. 200 B. 300C. 400D. 5005. The following languages all belong to the Eastern set except________.A. Balto-SlavicB. Indo-IranianC. ArmenianD. Italic6. In the Eastern set, Armenian and________are the sole modern languages in the tworespective families.A. AlbanianB. RussianC. SlovenianD. Lithuanian7.The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as __________ .A. wordsB. allomorphsC. morphemesD. morphs8. The ________ are "actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning".A. morphsB. allomorphsC. morphemesD. allophones9. Morphemes are _____ units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as ________ .A. concrete; allomorphsB. abstract; morphsC. abstract; lexemesD. concrete; morphs10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through _________ .A. compoundingB. affixationC. conversionD. shortening11. The prefixes mal- in maltreat, mis- in misleading and pseudo- in pseudo-scientificare ________ prefixes.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative12. A word is the combination of ________ and ________.A. spelling, soundB. form, meaningC. spelling, meaningD. sound, meaning13. By form we refer to________.A. its symbolsB. its spellingC. its pronunciationD. both its pronunciation and spelling14. Reference is the relationship between language and________.A. the worldB. the conceptC. the senseD. the motivation15. All of the following are sense relations except________.A. polysemyB. ameliorationC. homonymyD. antonymy16. ________ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because the majorityof words have more than one meaning.A. HyponymyB. SynonymyC. PolysemyD. Homonymy17. Which of the following words does not undergo the process of narrowing of meaning?A. Meat.B. Liquor.C. Disease.D. Journal.18. ________factor is the one that often contributes to the associated transfer ofmeaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.A. ScientificB. PsychologicalC. HistoricalD. Internal19. The change of word meaning is achieved by modes of____A. degradation and elevationB. transference and euphemismC. extension and narrowingD. all the above20. A word has meaning only when a connection has been established between the linguisticsign and a________.A. referenceB. referentC. conceptD. sense?II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. （10 %）21. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, studying the origins and ________ of words.22. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and________function.23. Modern English expands its vocabulary chiefly through________.24. The three main means of creating new words in modern English are ________,compounding and conversion.25. The overwhelming majority of blends are________.26. Words imitating natural sounds are________words.27. Every word that has meaning has sense but not every word has _______ .28. The relationship between the word form and meaning is conventional andarbitrary, and most words can be said to be _______.29. Componential analysis, according to Leech, is the process of breaking down the sense ofa word into its ________ components.30. At the time when the words were created, it was endowed with only onemeaning. The first meaning is the ________ meaning and the latter meanings are ________meaning.31. ________is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at thecenter and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.32. Extension and______are the most common modes of word meaning changes.33. Narrowing of meaning is also known as______, which is the opposite of______.34. The extra-linguistic context refers to the________situation, which may extend to embrace the entire________.35. Linguistic context can be subdivided into_______ context and_____ context.36. Context can be divided into ____and _____ context.37. Regarded as a derivational process without the addition of an affix, conversion can be called as _______.38. ________are the most complete description of words available to us. They are large in scope and size, containing at least 200 000 headwords.39. ________ are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50 000 to 150 000. And they are most used on desk.40. Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three types: ________, homographs and________.??III. Please decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)?( ) 41. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.( ) 42. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.( ) 43. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.( ) 44. In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side.( ) 45. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.( ) 46. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) 47. Conversion not only changes the grammatical function of items involved but their original meaning.( ) 48. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained acceptance.( ) 49. Backformation is considered to be the opposite process of affixation.( ) 50. Complementaries can be used in comparative degrees.( ) 51. In a language, there are more synonyms than antonyms.( ) 52. Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion.( ) 53. The meaning of paper in "a white paper" is determined by grammatical context. ( ) 54. The ambiguity in "They saw her duck" is due to polysemy.( ) 55. The clue for the meaning of jetty in "The harbour is protected by a jetty — a wall built out into the water" is definition.( ) 56. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate for formal settings.( ) 57. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable.( ) 58. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language.( ) 59. Dictionary is closely related to lexicology because they both deal with the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.( ) 60. In the Anglo-Saxon period, difficult Latin words and definitions were often collected into lists called glossaries for the sake of research.?IV. Please give the meaning of the following prefixes (the italicized part of the word).You are to write your answer in English on the answer sheet. (10%)61. a political 62. dis obey 63. il literate 64.de centralize65. un bug 66. mal treat 67. mis interpret 68.pseudo-scientific69. arch bishop 70. co direct 71. extra-large 72. hyper active 73. macro economics 74. micro computer 75. mini-bus 76.over-anxious77. out swim 78. sub-system 79. sub normal 80.super sophisticated???V. Please give the direct expressions of the following euphemisms. (10%)81. pass away 82. social disease83. custodian 84. extermination engineer85. meet engineer 86. sanitation engineer87. mortician 88. hairdresser89. Gee 90. Gosh almighty?VI. Please translate the following idioms into Chinese.（20%）91. in a brown study92. lip service93. bury the hatchet94. tit for tat95. the lion's share96. diamond cut diamond97. like cures like98. a fish out of water99. the salt of the earth100. see eye to eye with101. as green as grass102. once in a blue moon103. ride the high horse104. a bed of roses105. make bricks without straw106. an apple of discord107. Jack of all trades108. a fly in the ointment109. cut and dried110. wide of the mark?VII. Answer the following questions. (30%)111. In what way are words related to vocabulary?112. What is the fundamental difference between content and functional words?113. What is the difference between grammatical and lexical morphemes, and inflectional and derivational morphemes? Give examples to illustrate their relationships.114. What are the merits and demerits of componential analysis?115. What is hyponymy??模拟试卷（1）答案及评分标准I. Please choose the one that best completes each statement. (10%)1-5 D D B B D6-10 A C A B B11-15 C B D A B16-20 C D B D B?评分标准：本题共20道题，共10分；每题0.5分。

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《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)I. Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)1. The minimal meaningful units in English are known as ______.A. rootsB. morphsC. stemsD. morphemes ( )2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______.A. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( )3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . ( )4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change ( )5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______.A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . ( )6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings” has______ morphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five ( )7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense ( )8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______.A. dorm for “dormitory”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television” ( )9. The word “mouth” in the phrase “the mouth of a river” is regarded as a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically ( )10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the ______ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning ( )11. Frogs croak, but elephants ______.A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet ( )12. The antonyms “present” and “absent” are ______ terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded ( )13. The idiom “scream and shout” is a good example of ______.A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition ( )14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except ______.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure ( )15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the ______ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonological ( ) II. Complete the following sentences with the proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given __________________ and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ____________________ language (Old English) to the present analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ___________________ morphemes.4. A ________________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _______________ it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the _________________ of the Roman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as ____________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _________________ and arbitrary.9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of __________________ inclusion.10. The same word may have different ___________________ meanings as shown in “do, does, did, done, doing.”11. Synonyms may differ in the ___________________ and intensity of meaning.12. The word “famous” is ___________________, but the word “notorious” is derogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and ______________________ stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into ____________________ context and grammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain are both _____________________ dictionaries.III．Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%) 1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. ( ) 2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages. ( )4. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be content words, which are also known as notional words. ( )5. The word “miniskirt” is a semantically motivated word. ( )6. There is a reversative prefix in the word “unwrap”. ( )7. The words “AIDS” and “UFO” are regarded as acronyms. ( )8. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “shorter”. ( )9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( )10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. ( )11. The word “disease” originally meant “discomfort”, but now it means “illness”, so it has undergone degradation of meaning. . ( )12. Context may prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. ( )13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, only resulting in synonymous idioms. ( )14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes. ( )15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary.( )IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?3. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin..《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（—）参考答案I. 选择题1. D2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative13. structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morpheme as in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words.4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptual meaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.V．论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” are free morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes. Of the six bound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s is an inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences, but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound to others to form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentence are all subordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.。

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