高一英语期末复习 (二)人教实验版

高一英语期末复习（二）人教实验版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
期末复习（二）
1. 语法复习：情态动词
2. 应试指导：听力
二. 重、难点讲解
情态动词要点归纳
情态动词有：can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would, need, must, have to, ought to
e.g. Captain Alison will set out at eight o’clock, so we shall have plenty of time.
1. should 和ought to的用法
should 的含义较多，用法较活。

(1) 表示“义务、责任”，可译作“应该”。

Children should be taught to respect their elders.
You shouldn’t be so careless.
(2) 表示“可能性；推测或理论”，相当于汉语的“可能，该”。

It’s three o’clock, the football game should begin soon.
(3) should用于第一人称时可以表示委婉、谦逊的语气，相当于汉语的“倒是；想”等。

I should think it would be better to try it again.
I should think so.
(4) should 还可以用在if条件从句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。

相当于“万一”的意思。

Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话.
Should I ( If I should ) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一明天我有时间,我就来.
(5) Why / How + should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外，惊异等意思。

意为“竟会”
Why should you be so late today?
——Where is Betty living?
——How should I know?
I don’t know why you should think that I did it.我不知道你凭什么认为这是我干的.
(6) ought to后面跟动词不定式，表示“应该，有义务或责任”做某事，语气比should 强，也可表示“劝告”。

其否定式：ought not to
You ought to obey your parents
I know that I ought not to open the letter, so I didn’t .
(7) “should / ought to + have done”其肯定句表示“过去应该做而未做某事”；其否定式则表示“过去不该做但做了某事”。

You should / ought to have answered this letter a week ago. Why didn’t you?
I should / ought to have done it.
You shouldn’t / ought not to have opened the letter! It wasn’t written to you!
You shouldn’t / ought not to have gone back to work without the doctor’s permission.
2. must
(1) must 表示说话人认为有权或有必要做某事，侧重主观看法。

We must stay near our home town.
I really must do something about the weeds in this garden.
在回答must引起的问句时，肯定句用must, 如果是否定回答，要用needn’t
或者don’t have to
——Must we hand in our composition before class?
——Yes, you must.
——No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
mustn’t表示“禁止，不准，一定不要”。

We mustn’t stay here any longer.
（2）must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句，它的否定形式用can代替。

He must be eighty now.
There must be something wrong with the computer.
That can’t be Mike. He has gone to Beijing.
（3）must 表示对现在的动作进行推测时，后接动词原型或be + V.ing.
He must be staying there.
（4）must 表示对过去发生的事情作出肯定判断时要用must have done
I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
3. can 和could 的用法
（1）can和could表示推测时，只能用于否定句或疑问句。

It’s so late. Can Tom be reading?
It can’t be Mary. She has fallen ill.
If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock, he can’t be home yet.
She couldn’t be telling lies.
(2) 对过去发生的行为的可能性进行推测，要用can / could have done 形式。

Can she have told a lie?
The door was locked. She couldn’t have been at home.
Mike can’t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
(3) “can / could have done”用于肯定句时，表示对过去发生的事情作出判断，意为“本可以，本来可能已经”。

Linda didn’t catch the train. She could have caught it.
You could have been more considerate.
4. may 和might的用法
(1) may 和might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。

They may come here tomorrow.
She may be still waiting for us. ( 对比：She must be still waiting for us.)
(2) might 是may 的过去式, 可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小.
I asked him if I might leave.
He might be doing his lessons now.
(3) “may / might have done”表示对过去发生的动作进行推测
He may have been at home for about two hours.
He might have spoken to her yesterday.
5. must 和have to
must和have to的含义相似，两者往往可以互换使用。

但是它们也有明显区别。

(1) must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 强调客观需要。

The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
My mother is ill. I have to at home and look after her.
(2) have to 能用于多种时态，而must 多用于一般现在时态。

He had to stop smoking.
They’ll have to reconsider the whole thing.
(3) 二者的否定意义不大相同。

You mustn’t go.
You don’t have to go.
(4) 询问对方意愿时，应用must.
Must I clean all the room?
6. have to 与have got to
(1) 在用于某个具体的动作时，have to 和have got to可以互换使用。

I have to / have got to check the oil level in the car.
(2) 在用某个表示经常性的副词，如always, sometimes, often等时，用have to不用have got to.
I often have to get up at 5 o’clock. Do you ever have to get up at 5 o’clock?
(3) 疑问句结构不同
Do you have to stay at home on Sunday ?
Have you got to stay at home on Sunday ?
听力应试指导
1. 培养良好心理素质。

轻松自信，镇定自若的良好心态是听力测试取得成功的重要因素。

全神贯注，迅速判断，尊重第一选择。

2. 快速浏览试题及选项，预测对话或独白的内容和试题答案。

提前阅读是做好听力的重要保证。

例1. (1) What was the man doing?
A. Buying clothes.
B. Selling clothes.
C. Having a suit made.
(2) Why didn’t the person take the suit?
A. It was too big.
B. It was too expensive.
C. It was out of fashion.
例2. What will the woman do this evening?
A. Meet her mother at the airport.
B. Say good-bye to her Mum at the airport.
C. Fly to another city together at the airport.
录音材料：
M: Shall we go to the cinema this evening?
W: Oh, sorry. I’m afraid I can’t . I’m seeing my Mum off at the airport at 7:30.
3. 注重理解，抓住关键，巧妙记录。

注意听首句，因为首句往往为全文的主旨。

例: What’s the man doing?
A. Watching TV.
B. Turning down the TV.
C. Answering the phone.
4. 摆脱定势，置身语境
准确认定语境，深入挖掘文章的深层含义，正确理解文章内在逻辑，同时要“抓大放小”。

例: What does the woman think of Beathoven’s Fifth Symphony?
A. She doesn’t like it.
B. She likes it.
C. She prefers it to his other works.
录音材料：
M: I really enjoy listening to Beathoven’s Fifth Symphony.
M: Yes, it is very nice, but I prefer some of his other works.
5. 把握复听，侧重难点和漏点
6. 顺势推理，巧妙作答
录音材料：
例：W: Which season do you prefer, winter or summer?
M: I prefer winter to summer. But my favourite season is autumn.
试题
Which season does the man like best?
A. Winter
B. Summer
C. Autumn
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. “No smoking” means you _______ smoke here .
A. won’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
2. The book is borrowed from the library . You ___your children put dots and lines here and there.
A. shouldn’t be letting
B. needn’t have let
C. ought not to have let to
D. mustn’t have let
3. —— ________ he be watching TV now ?
—— Yes , he _______ be watching TV now .
—— No , he ________ be watching TV now .
A. Must , can , mustn’t
B. Can , must , can’t
C. Can , can , mustn’t
D. May , must , needn’t
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
5. The garage is empty ; he _______ out in his car .
A. must be going
B. will to
C. would go
D. had gone
6. I missed the bus , so I _______ go home on foot .
A. must
B. may
C. can
D. had to
7. You did not go to the party yesterday , or I ________ you .
A. would see
B. would meet
C. might have seen
D. might see
8. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
9. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must
B. should
C. need
D. would
10. We _______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied
B. might study
C. should have studied
D. would study
11. Tom ought not to ______ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
12. —— We quarreled with the waiter about the bill.
—— How silly ! You ______ to the manager.
A. would have talked
B. should have talked
C. could talk
D. must talk
13. —— When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—— They ________ be ready by 12: 00 .
A. can
B. should
C. might
D. need
14. I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn't leave
15. —— I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
—— It ______ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
16. You _____ be tired ——- you’ve only been working for an hour.
A. must not
B. won’t
C. can’t
D. may not
17. ——I don’t mind telling you what I know .
——You ______ . I ’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. can’t
D. needn’t
18. —— Excuse me . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—— Sorry, I am not sure. But it ______ be.
A. might
B. will
C. must
D. can
19. ——Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there ?
—— No, it _____ be him ——-- I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t
B. must not
C. won’t
D. may not
20. —— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it ?
—— Of course.
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Would
D. Do
21. How _____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article ?
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
22. ——Is John coming by train?
—— He should , but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
二. 阅读理解
Having fun one the sun comes out is wonderful ——but it is essential that we also stay SUN SAFE. Skin cancer is on the increase and it is one of the most common cancers in the UK.
What causes skin cancer? It is the damage and change caused to skin cells when exposed to ultraviolet light (UV rays). The greater amount of time we spend in the sun the greater risk. We all spend much more time outdoors in the sun than generations before ——we holiday in the sun, play sport, expose ourselves to the suns rays in gardens and play areas.
We can however protect ourselves by being aware and sticking to these sun safety tips. Remember also to look out for early warning signs and if you suspect anything go and see your doctor immediately.
■Always wear a hat when out in the sun and sunscreen (factor 15+)
■It is best not to be exposed to the direct sun during the hottest part of the day 11-3 pm. Sit in the shade or indoors.
■Babies do not need to be exposed to the sun at all ——their skin is delicate.
■Keep shoulders and the back of the neck covered as much as possible.
■Make sure you are never over exposed to the sun ——getting burnt can increase the risk of cancer.
■Sun creams can easily wash off so remember to reapply if you are in and out of water.
■Wet clothes can stretch and do not offer as much protection.
■It is wise to encourage children to take a hat to school to wear when out at play break ——a bottle of water is also sensible to avoid dehydration.(脱水)
1. If you hope to reduce the risk of skin cancer, it’s always wise of you to ________.
A. wear more hats and sun creams
B. stay indoors during the time 11a.m. to 3p.m.
C. use more sun creams over your shoulder and neck
D. drink as much water as you can
2. We can protect ourselves from skin cancer according to the article by _________.
A. letting the doctor know your early signs
B. not suspecting anything about your skin
C. being aware and following the sun safety suggestions
D. not working , playing, or doing sports at all
3. It can be inferred that ____________.
A. being over exposed to the sun can increase the risk of cancer
B. sun creams are easy to wash off
C. wet clothes are very effective in protecting your skin
D. babies’ skin is easier to get damaged
4. Which is the suitable title for this passage?
A. Skin Cancer
B. Sun Safety
C. Sun Exposure
D. Safety Tips
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择：
1—5 BABCA 6—10 DCCBC 11—15 ABBBC 16—20 CDAAB 21—22 AD
二. 阅读理解：
1—4 B C D B。