2017届高考英语二轮专题复习定语从句导学案

定语从句
【考纲解读】
根据考纲要求，考生应做到：
1. 熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句；
2. 区分限制性和非限制性定语从句；
3. 定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. which 与that的区别；as与which的区别；whose与of which 的转换。

【预习导学】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. who, whom, whose 弓丨导的定语从句
(1) who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。

作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that
可以省略。

①I ' ve become good friends with several of the students in my school
__________________ I met i n the En glish speech con test last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。

②I have many friends to ________ I ' m going to send post ca rds.
我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。

(2) whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。

指物时相当于of which ;指人时相当于of whom。

The school shop, ____________ customers are mainly stude nts, is closed for the
holidays.
这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。

2. that, which 引导的定语从句
(1) which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。

that指人或
物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。

She showed the visitors around the museum _______________ had been constructed three years before.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。

(2) 限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：
①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little,
few, the one 等时。

I refuse to accept the blame for someth ing _________ w as some one else ' s fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。

②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

The first place ________ they visited in Guili n was Elepha nt Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no,
some, all 等修饰时。

The only part of the meal _________ I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。

④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

They will never forget the things and persons _______________ t hey ' ve seen or heard of during their long journ ey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。

(3) 关系词只用which而不用that的情况：
①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。

The boy was away from home for a week, _________ w orried his pare nts very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。

②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。

We live in an age ________ more in formatio n is available with greater ease tha n ever
before.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。

3. as引导的定语从句
(1) as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“ so/such/the same +先行词+ as ... ”结构中。

Such mach ines ______ are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。

名师指津：
which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。

Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese
people ' s Iong-held dreams come true.(2013? 安徽高考单选)
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。

(2) as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之
后。

常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the say ing goes, as is said above, as is men ti oned above, as ofte n happe ns, as is ofte n the case, as is reported in the n ewspaper 等。

“You can' t judge a book by its cover ，” ____________ the old saying goes.
正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。

”
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1. where引导的定语从句
where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on…+ which ”。

Opposite is St.Paul ' s Church, ______________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015 •北
京高考单选)
=Opposite is St.Paul ' s Church, _____________ you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。

名师指津：
当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere 等抽象名词，且弓丨导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

2. when引导的定语从句
whe n表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/o n/duri ng ... + which ”结构。

I am look ing forward to the day _________ my daughter can read this book and know my
feeli ngs for her.(2014 •湖南高考单选)
我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。

3. why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for + which ”结构。

Do you know the reaso n __________________he didn ' t attend the meeting?
你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
名师指津：
非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。

I had told them the reason, for which I didn ' t attend the meeting.
我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。

三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句
1 .介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom指物时常用which。

另外，whose也可
以放在介词后，即“介词+ whose+名词”结构。

一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下
三方面入手：
(1) 先行词的意思
(2) 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配
(3) 句子的意思
①Trad ing leather shoes is the bus in ess ________ t he Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。

（be devoted to "献身，致力于”）
②Care of the soul is a gradual proce ss ____________ even the small details of life
should be con sidered.（2012 •湖南高考单选）
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。

③Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price _______________ （ = _________ price） was very reas on able.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。

2 •“ of +关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each 等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom 。

He had a lot of friends, none _______________ would offer help to him when he was in trouble.
他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。

3.“介词+ where ”引导的定语从句
有时“介词+ where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句从意思上
加以区别。

His head soon appeared out of the window, from __________ he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。

（from where相当于from out
of the window ，而不是from the window）
【考点突破】
考点1 as , which引导的非限制性定语从句
1. It is a truly delightful place , _______ l ooks the same as it must have done 100
years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.（2015 •湖南，29）
A. as B . where C . that D. which
2. China Today attracts a worldwide readership , _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about Chi na.（2015 •福建，34）
A. who
B. whom C . that D. which
3. The number of smokers , _________ i s reported , has dropped by 17 percent in just one
year.（2015 •江苏，21）
A. it B . which C . what D . as
「考点归纳■:
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。

但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。

1. as意为“正如，像”。

as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。

The famous magician Liu Qian ， as we all know ，is from Taiwan.
众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。

As is often the case ，girls like dolls while boys like guns.
女孩子喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。

2. which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this , and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。

它只能位于主句的后面。

He changed his mind again , which( = and this/that) made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

She tore up my photos , which ( = and that) upset me.
她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。

3. as有以下常见的“固定表达”：
as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as ofte n happe ns 正如经常发生的那样；as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see 正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样；as can be seen看得出来；as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all ca n see 正如我们都能看到的那样；as is often the case 情
况常常如此；as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。

考点2 where引导的定语从句
1. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______________ h is employees enjoy their work.(2015 •天津，15)
A. where
B. which C . when D. who
2. Students should involve themselves in community activities _______ they can gain
experie nee for growth.(2014 •福建，31)
A. who
B. when C . which D. where
3. The book has helped megreatly in mydaily com muni cati on , especially at work _______________
a good impressi on is a must.(2014 •江苏，22)
A. which
B. when C . as D . where
「考点归纳■:
当先行词为position , case , point , stage , situation , condition 等表示扌由象地点的名
词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此时where相当于under which , from which，意为“在这种情况下，从.... 中”。

一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常
用where引导定语从句。

He wrote a letter where he expla ined what had ha ppe ned in the accide nt.(2013 •江西，33)
他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。

Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.（2013 川，9)
现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。

考点3 when 引导的定语从句
1. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week
关系副词when 在定语从句中作状语，一般不能省略，可用"介词+
which ”替换。

when 指时
间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为 time , day , morning , night , week , year 等表示时
间的名词。

有时候 when 也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。

I still remember the time whe n I first travelled by pl ane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。

She went to Japan two years ago , since when I haven ' t heard from her. 她两年前去了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。

考点4 whose 引导的定语从句 1. I live next ____________ door to a couple
children often make a lot of noise.（2016
•北
京，22）
A . whose
B . why
C . where
D. which
2. _______________________________ The books on the desk , covers are
shiny , are prizes for us.（2015 ____________ •四川， 3）
A . which
B . what
C . whose D. that
3. __________________ A company p rofits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.（2014 •山东，10）
_______
be better.（2016 •天津，9）
A . that
B . where
C . which
2. As the smallest child of his family he should be able to be in depe nden t.（2015
A . which
B . where
C . whom
3. I didn ' t become a serious climber until a kite that was stuck in the bran ches of a tree.（2014
A . when
B . where
C . which
D. when
, Alex is always longing for the time, -陕西， 15）
D. when
the fifth grade , ___________ I went up to rescue
•浙江， 5）
D. why
A. which
B. whose C . who D. why
「考点归纳■:
whose 一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语。

指物时，" whose+名词”可用"限定
词+名词+ of which ”或"of which +限定词+名词”来代替。

Do you know the girl whose Japa nese is excelle nt?
你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗？
Please pass me the book whose cover is gree n.
=Please pass me the book the cover of which is gree n.
请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。

考点5 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. Many young people , most ________ w ere welleducated , headed for remote regions to
chase their d reams.（2016 •江苏，23）
A. of which
B. of them C . of whom D. of those
2. Scientists have advaneed many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of
_______ has bee n proved.（2016 •浙江，11）
A. whom
B. which C .what D. that
s books ,n early half of were published in the
3. He wrote many childr e
n'
1990s.（2015 •重庆,14）
A. whom
B. which C .them D. that
「考点归纳■:
1. “介词+关系代词”弓I导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom指人），
即：介词+ which/whom。

不能用that 和who。

This is the teacher from whom we ' ve learned a lot.
这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。

Great cha nges have take n place in the city in which we live.
我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。

2. “名词/代词/数词等+ of + which/whom"引导的定语从句。

介词of表示整体和部分的关
系，of 前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有“ some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the
biggest/half/many 等+ of + which/whom"形式。

做题时如果不好理解，可将关系代词
换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。

John invited about 40 people to his wedding , most of whomare family members.（2013 •重庆，24）约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。

3 .介词+ which +名词
His wife got seriously ill , in which case he had to give up the chanee of going abroad. 他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放弃出国的机会。

4. “复合介词短语+ which ”引导的定语从句。

此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句常
用倒装语序。

They arrived at the house
他们到达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。

5. from where 为"介词+关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句。

He hid himself behind the door , from where he saw the man take a photo of something
on the desk.
他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。

the door ，并非指代 from the door ）
考点6定语从句易混辨析
1. It ' s not doing the things we like , but liking the things we have to do ________
makes life happy.（2014 •湖南， 33）
A . that
B . which
C . what
D. who
2. It was the culture , rather than the Ianguage , ______________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.（2014 •福建， 29）
A . where
B . why
C . that D. what
「考点归纳■:
1 .定语从句与并列句：并列句有 and , but , so 等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不
能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。

He has two children , and both of them are abroad. He has two children
, both of whom are abroad.
2 .定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语 从句的关系词根据需要可用"介词+ which ”来代替 where ，而地点状语从句则通常只能由
where
引导。

Rice does n ' t grow well where there is not eno ugh water.（ 状语从句 ）
I still remember the farm where （ = in which ） my pare nts worked ten years ago.（
定语从
句）
3 .定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“ It is/was +被强调部分+ that +从句”。

被强调部 分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用
who 代替that 。

检测是否是强调句
的方法是：把强调句中的 It is/was 与that/who 去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何 单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。

,in front of which sat a little boy.
（from where 指代 from behind
It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport.（强调句）It is the factory where Mr Wang works.（定语从句）
4 .定语从句与结果状语从句：在such...as/that 结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，则用as作关系词来引导定语从句。

如果从句中不缺少任何成
分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用that 来引导结果状语从句。

She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.
It is such a big stone as no one can move.
【方法总结】
方法1 先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。

She' ll never forget her stay there _______ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A．that B．which C ．where D．when
答案D
解析her stay 为先行词，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there. 。

when 指代during her stay ，在定语从句中作时间状语。

方法2 四步分析法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”
来正确解答试题。

一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊。

(1) As a child ，Jack studied in a village school ，______ is named after his
grandfather.
A．which B ．where C ．what D ．that
答案A
解析句意为：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。

分析句子结构可知，此题考查定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的先行词是school ，它在定语从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which 和that ，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that ，因此选择A。

(2) Children who are not active or __________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A．what B．whose C ．which D．that
答案B
解析句意为：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。

分析句子结构可知，本定语从句不缺主要成分，故排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除。

children 与diet是所属关系，故 B 项符合题意。

方法 3 固定搭配法在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。

Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future. D．from
A．on which B．by which C to which which
I .单句语法填空
）The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41
billi on, _________ m ade his money by start ing the compa ny Microsoft.
答案C
解析 句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。

return to 重新恢
复，属于固定搭配。

【扩展交流】 ［典题精选］
［我来改正］
（2016 •衡水市点睛金榜 大联考）lt ' s really lucky I came to a restaura nt that I am known.
（2013 •新课标全国卷
n ）Having tea in the late after
noon provides a bridge betwee n lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o ' clock at
ni ght.
［常设误点］
(1) 关系代词与关系副词 的错用
关系代词在从句中作主 语、宾语、表语和定语；关系 副词在
从句中作状语。

(2) that 与whic h 的错用 在不定代词、最高级、序 数词等后用that ;在非限制 性定语从句和介词后用
（2016 •九江高三一 模）The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us.
（2016 •嘉峪关市一中三 模）There are many people think that wealth is better than health.
【当堂达标】
(3) which 和 whose 的错
用
在定语从句中，关系代词 which 在从句中常作主语或宾 语，也可作定语，而whose 只 可作定语，"whose + n . ”相 当于"the + n . + of which ” 或"of which + the + n . ”。

(4) 关系词的缺失 主要考查在there be 结 构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉 用作主语的关系词 who/that/which 等。

1 . (2016 •唐山一中仿真模拟一
2. （2016 •海口二模）So, they looked around for a soccer club ________________ would be able
to do this for them.
3. （2016 •山东临沂二模）Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic （流行病）, ________ becomes popular around the world very quickly.
4. （2016 •三门峡市考前适应性练习_________ ）Jane paused in front of a counter some
attractive ties were on display.
5. （2016 •邢台高三摸底考试[Officer: I ' m afraid I can' t do that, Madam.In school zones,
I ' m required to give tickets to all drivers _________ b reak the rules. It ' s the law in
this coun ty.
6. （2016 •南阳一中二模）Freeflyers, _____ t he name suggests, enjoy the more
spontaneous （即兴的）thrill of doing their own things.
7. （2016 •青岛高三第二次统一质检）It ' s gen erally believed that this is the best play
_________ was writte n by Jack.
8. （2016 •吉林省实验中学模拟）Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a
note to her, ____________ said, “Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before
they are yours, they were mine !”
9. （2016 •滕州4 月模拟）Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school
gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
10. （2016 •南阳一中二模）My uncle has two daughters, both of _________ are good students.
11 . （2016 •滕州5 月模拟）She dreamed of the day ________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “ Madam, this is your lucky day. Ev eryth ing in your basket
is free. ”
12. （2016 •江西鹰潭二模）The police must give the reasons ________ they are arresting him
and tell him his rights un der the law.
n.单句改错
1. （2016 •大庆质量检测二短文改错）1 fin ally knew the reason what she did n ' t talk to
me and comforted her.
2. （2016 •兰州模拟短文改错[However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular
scienee articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.
3. （2016 •唐山一模短文改错）1 made friends with the daughter of my homestay family, which was
a college stude nt.
4. （2016 •长春质量监测二短文改错）1 am a 25yearold you ng man graduated from the Foreign
Lan guages Departme nt of Jili n Uni versity.
5 . （201
6 •青岛统一检测短文改错）You can also make more Chinese
f riends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you lear n Chin ese.
6. (2016 •江西赣州模拟短文改错)He saw pictures of vehicles could climb up the sides
of build in gs. He made up his mind to desig n a better vehicle.
7. (2013 •湖南高考改编)Happ in ess and success ofte n come to those whom are good at recog nizing their own stre ngths.
8. (2016 •广西柳州 3 月模拟短文改错)And I amunfamiliar with the Ianguage style of the speech article, that is totally differe nt from the com mon article.
语法填空
(2016 •河北省七校高三联合考试)When you decide you ' re going to live alone, you get
upset. This is __]__(nature). But there ' s noneed to get __2__(worry). Below are some ideas
__3__ can help you out.
Saving money is __4__ you n eed to start several mon ths before you move out. You n eed to save eno ugh money __5 _(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The __6__ (easy) of all ways is to spe nd less!
Search for a place to live in before __^7__(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford __8__. If you' re going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can s hare the expe nses.
And if you have to live __9__ your own for a long time, you' ll have to look for a parttime job. If you' re 10 student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And don' t spe nd a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.
参考答案
【预习导学】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句
(1) ① who/whom/that ② whom
(2) whose
2．that, which 引导的定语从句
(1) that/which
(2) ① that ② that ③ that ④ that
(3) ① which ② in which
3．as 引导的定语从句
(1) as (2) as
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1 ．where 引导的定语从句where in which 2．when 引导的定语从句wWhen 3．why 引导的定语从句
why/for which
三、“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句
1 ．介词和关系代词的确定
(1) 先行词的意思
(2) 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配
(3) 句子的意思
① to which ② in which ③ of which whose
2．“of ＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
of whom
3 ."介词+ where ”引导的定语从句
where
【考点突破】
考点 1 as ，which 引导的非限制性定语从句
1. 答案D
解析句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟的街道和美丽的村舍。

本句中先行词是a truly delightful place 语，可用which
100 年前一样，有着蜿蜒，且后面的定语从句中缺少主
或that 引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which 。

2. 答案D
解析句意为：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。

先行词指代
前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用which 来引导。

3. 答案D
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。

as 引导非限制性
定语从句，意为“正如……”，符合句意，故选D项。

考点 2 where 引导的定语从句
1. 答案A
解析句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的
乐趣。

分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere ，且
从句中缺少地点状语，故要用where 。

2. 答案D
解析关系副词where 引导定语从句修饰先行词community activities ，且在从句中作地点状语。

3. 答案D
解析句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当
中。

work 后跟一个定语从句，且work 在从句中作状语，表示一个抽象的地点名词，用where 来引导。

考点 3 when 引导的定语从句
1. 答案D
解析句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。

分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when 引导。

2. 答案D
解析句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。

分析句子结构可知，空格处引
导定语从句，先行词为the time ，表示时间，且从句中缺少状语，故用when 引导。

3. 答案A
解析句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上
的风筝。

when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中
作时间状语。

考点 4 whose 引导的定语从句
1. 答案A
解析句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。

先行词为couple ，由句意可知children 与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。

2. 答案C
解析句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。

本题考查非限制性定语从句的
引导词，先行词the books和covers之间是所属关系，故选C。

3. 答案B
解析考查定语从句关系词的用法。

句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求
机会。

空格后名词profits 和先行词company形成所属关系，故选择whose。

考点5 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 答案C
解析句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。

分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many you ng people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom
2. 答案B
解析句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到
证实。

分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词+ of + which/whom"引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词
是many theories ，指物，故应用which 。

3. 答案B
解析句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在20世纪90年代出版的。

逗号之后是
一个修饰children ' s books 的非限制性定语从句，which指代children ' s books。

考点6定语从句易混辨析
1. 答案A
解析考查强调句型的判定。

句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我
们不得不做的事情。

强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。

经判断句子“ Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life
happy. ”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。

本题中包含结构not...but... “不是 ...... 而是”，连接平行的并列结构。

2. 答案C
解析考查强调句。

句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。

去掉It was 及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用that。

【扩展交流】
[hriL where
[hriL which
whoso-* which
在people后加计o或上独"III I rising
【当堂达标】
I.单句语法填空
1. who
2. that/which
3. which
4. where
5. who/that
6. as
7. that 8. which 9. who 10. whom 11. when 12. why
n.单句改错
1. what T why
2. which who
3. which who
4. man 后力口 who/that 或
graduated T graduating 5. they T who 或they 前力口and 6. could 前力口that/which
7. whom t who 8. that t which
语法填空
1 ．natural 考查形容词。

句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。

分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature 的形容词形式。

2．worried 考查形容词。

get worried “担心，担忧”。

3．that 考查定语从句。

句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。

因为先行词前有不定代词
some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句。

4．what 考查表语从句。

句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。

what 引导表语
从句，并在从句中作宾语。

5．to help 考查非谓语动词。

句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。

此处用动词不定式作目的状语。

6. easiest考查最高级。

句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。

由of all ways可知用最
高级。

7．moving 考查非谓语动词。

介词before 后跟动词ing 形式。

8．it 考查代词。

此处用it 指代前面的“ the place ”。

9. on考查介词短语。

on one ' s own "单独，独自”。

10．a 考查冠词。

句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。

此处用不定冠词
a 表示泛指一名学生。