Period 2 The Human Traffic Signal

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The Human Traffic Signal

The Human Traffic Signal本科的重点是通过课文的学习了解人类的生存状况，和我们面临的困难，激励学生努力学习来解决这些困难，同时学习文中Timoteo的为人民服务，做贡献的精神，在学习课文的时候，背诵，学习词汇，短语，学着分析文章中上下文之间的关系，快速概括本段的大意。

主要通过一步一步理解课文，大声阅读来解决重难点。

The RoadT: As everybody knows, people are likely to flock to coastal and flat areas to live and life in high mountain areas must be difficult. Today we will know something about that kind of life. Page 12 First part Find a title to match it.S The Road .T: Where is the road ?S : At 3,500 metres, in Bolivia .the highest capital in the world . Many roads in the mountains are in bad condition. One road in particular is called the most dangerous road in the world .T: How dangerous is the road?S: On one side the mountains rise steeply, on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep.T:On such a road ,accidents must happen, what’s the rate of the traffic accidents?S: On average, one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.T: Aren’t there any traffic regulations?S: Yes, there are. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules.T: Specific to this situation,, someone had to come out and solve the problem. That’s part II.T: Who is the man?S : Timoteo, a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road.T: What is his Job?S: He is a human traffic signal.T: How did he direct the traffic?S: Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.. The board is red on one side and green on the other side. When two vehicles approach from opposite directions ,they can’t see each other, but they can see Timoteo.T: How is his salary? And what do other drivers think of him?S: He has no salary, other drivers take him for granted.T: No salary, No praise, Why did Timoteo did the job? Part III What had he done before?S: a miner ,and a soldier.T: What happened one day?S: While he was working as a lorry driver he came off the road and fell three hundreds metres down the mountain.T: Did he die?S: No, he survived after months in hospital.T: Besides, another thing happened which completely thrilled his soul..Let’s take alook at what it was.S: In the night he was called out to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed. T: What did he think of? What decision did he make?S: He thought he was lucky to be alive and it was his mission to help others.T: From the little hero Timoteo what are supposed to be learned? That’s much for today.。

车斌B5 Module2 英语教学设计

单元（章）教学设计授课时间：年月日至月日太原市教研科研中心研制第 1 页（总页）课时教学设计首页授课时间：年月日太原市教研科研中心研制第 2 页（总页）课时教学流程太原市教研科研中心研制第3 页（总页）课时教学流程第4 页（总页）课时教学流程第5 页（总页）课时达标检测设计第 6 页（总页）检测的目标点与用时预设；反馈、矫正方法预设与达标效果补充检测的目标点本节课的重点内容。

侧重能力训练，落实本节课所学语言知识说和写的运用。

用时10 分钟反馈全班学生独立完成，老师点拨，其他学生补充，最后学生组成短文，互相修改，老师抽查并评价写作内容。

矫正方法普遍性的错误，写在黑班上，学生改正。

个别错误，进行个别辅导。

未达标的学生再次检测。

就英语学科性质来说，除随堂达标检测外，还应遵循语言规律，输入与输出的知识相结合，分层次，重落实，勤反馈的训练模式，基于学情设计每个环节后分层训练题及反馈活动。

课时教学设计尾页太原市教研科研中心研制第7 页（总页）课时教学设计首页授课时间：年月日太原市教研科研中心研制第 1 页（总页）课时教学流程第2 页（总页）课时教学流程第3 页（总页）课时达标检测设计太原市教研科研中心研制第 4 页（总页）检测的目标点与用时预设；反馈、矫正方法预设与达标效果补充检测的目标点本节课的重点内容。

侧重能力训练，落实本节课所学语言知识说和写的运用。

用时 10 分钟反馈全班学生独立完成，老师点拨，其他学生补充，最后学生组成短文，互相修改，老师抽查并评价写作内容。

矫正方法普遍性的错误，写在黑班上，学生改正。

个别错误，进行个别辅导。

未达标的学生再次检测。

课时教学设计尾页太原市教研科研中心研制第 5 页（总页）课时教学设计首页授课时间：年月日太原市教研科研中心研制第 1 页（总页）课时教学流程第2 页（总页）课时达标检测设计第 3 页（总页）检测的目标点与用时预设；反馈、矫正方法预设与达标效果补充检测的目标点本节课的重点内容。

高中英语_The Human Traffic Signal教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

The Human Traffic Signal教学设计【相关课程标准要求】课程标准解读课标（1）能抓住一般语段中的观点。

指的是能够听懂视频中主要表达的意思。

并能够回答老师根据视频提出的问题。

课标（2）能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句。

指的是能够对篇章中出现的长句和难句进行细化分析，从而得出其基本意思。

课标（3）能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度。

指的是能够通过阅读材料体会伊丽莎白和达西对待对方的不同态度以及反应他们各自心理活动的语句。

课标（4）能经过准备就一般话题作3分钟演讲。

指的是能够根据老师给出的话题写出段落在课堂上展示给同学们。

课标（5）能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要。

指的是能根据所读文章内容，结合老师给定的题目要求，写出一段文章来。

课标（9）在真实交际中注意并遵守英语交际的基本礼仪。

指的是交际中能够体现出本篇文章的时代背景。

课标（11）在用英语交流的过程中，能理解语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观。

指的是能够在交流中理解本篇文章中伊丽莎白和达西对待彼此的情感及态度从而进一步理解彼此的价值观差别。

【教学内容分析】本课的话题是“A job worth doing”，含背景介绍、节选精读、听力拓展、泛读、和写作展示等部分。

整个模块内部课题的设计都是围职业展开，以活动教学方式为承载，模块课题之间步步为营，具有很强的序列性，为Task最后阶段的写作（作品展示）铺设了坚实的基础。

这篇文章结构清晰，内容易于理解。

本课介绍了一个志愿者充当人体信号灯在一个危险路段指挥交通的故事。

包括路况介绍，人物介绍和他为什么做这个事的原因三部分，文章感情色彩浓重，激发学生学习普通人参与社会义务服务工作的意识，树立正确的职业观和服务于社会的思想意识。

文章生词量小，易于吸引学生，文中出现的重点短语和句型，是此类记叙文常用的，也是本模块后面几篇文章中所涉及到的，本节课的学习将为后面的学习奠定基础。

通过回答相关问题，提高学生略读和查读的能力，并能就阅读内容展开讨论，并能根据招聘者提出的条件写出求职信。

第二届山东省师范类高校学生从业技能大赛命题

附件1：第二届山东省师范类高校学生从业技能大赛命题学前教材：山东省幼儿园课程指导《教师用书》（明天出版社2013年8月版，2014年6月印刷）1. 山东省幼儿园课程指导《教师用书》小班上，主题四“骨碌骨碌转”，次主题一“车轮骨碌碌”，教学活动六——《红灯绿灯眨眼睛》（P112）；2. 山东省幼儿园课程指导《教师用书》中班上，主题四“我在马路边”，次主题一“我看到的车”，教学活动三——《香喷喷的轮子》（P130）；3. 山东省幼儿园课程指导《教师用书》大班上，主题四“神通广大美猴王”，次主题一“走进《西游记》”，教学活动五——《悟空分桃》(P147)。

小学语文1.从现在开始（人教版二年级上册）2.掌声（人教版三年级上）3.“精彩极了”和“糟糕透了”（人教版五年级上册）小学数学教材：小学数学青岛出版社1.分数的初步认识信息窗1 （青岛出版社三年级上，2014年6月版）2.条形统计图信息窗2 （青岛出版社四年级上，2014年6月版）3.平行四边形的面积信息窗1 （青岛出版社五年级上，2014年6月版）小学英语课题适用年级：五年级（三年级起点）1.He ran very fast.(教材版本：外语教学与研究出版社新标准英语三起五年级上册 Module 6 Unit 2,2014年7月版)2.What can you do? Part C Story Time(教材版本：人民教育出版社PEP三起英语五年级上册 Unit 4,2014.3第1版)3.We had a football match.( 教材版本：山东科学技术出版社五·四学制英语三起五年级上册Unit 5 Sports，2013年7月第2版)初中语文1.土地的誓言端木蕻良人教版七年级下册2.湖心亭看雪张岱人教版八年级上册3.敬业与乐业梁启超人教版九年级上册初中数学教材：北师大版课题（皆为第一课时内容）1.七年级下册第二章相交线与平行线2.3平行线的性质（2013年12月版）2.八年级上册第五章二元一次方程组 5.6二元一次方程与一次函数（2013年7月印刷）3.九年级下册第三章圆 3.2 圆的对称性（2013年10月印刷）初中英语教材：人教社2013版go for it 英语教材，八年级下册1.Unit5 Do you remember what you were doing?2. Unit8 A country music song changed her life forever3. Unit10 hometown feelings初中物理1.第四章多彩的光第五节科学探究：凸透镜成像2.第六章熟悉而陌生的力第一节力（教材：八年级全一册，上海科学技术出版社2012年6月第1版 2014年7月印刷）3.第十四章了解电路第一节电是什么（教材九年级全一册，上海科学技术出版社 2013年6月第1版 2014年6月第10次印刷）初中化学1．水的三态变化【鲁教版六三学制9年级化学（上册），2012年7月第1版，2014年7月第3版第3次印刷，第二单元探秘水世界第二节水分子的变化第一部分】2．溶解的过程【鲁教版六三学制9年级化学（上册），2012年7月第1版，2014年7月第3版第3次印刷，第三单元溶液第一节溶液的形成第一部分】3．认识空气的组成【鲁教版六三学制9年级化学（上册），2012年7月第1版，2014年7月第3版第3次印刷，第四单元我们周围的空气第一节空气的成分第一部分】高中语文1.雨巷（人教版必修1，山东人民版必修4，苏教必修1。

【教学反思】The Human Traffic Signal

教学反思反思课堂教学中存在的问题与不足，分析课堂成功和失败的原因,是促进教师教学和学生学习能力提高的有效途径。

从这一理念出发，我对执讲的外研版必修五Module2 The Human Traffic Signal一课的教学进行反思。

一、成功之处1）导入是教学过程中最基本的也是非常重要的一步。

俗话说，良好的开端是成功的一半。

在导入环节我充分利用了多媒体教学的优势——向学生播放一段感动中国人物的新闻报道，格桑德吉的奉献精神和敬业精神深深地打动了了学生，紧紧抓住了学生的注意力，同时，新闻配音是授课教师自己完成，因此学生的兴趣一下子被激发起来。

然后教师引导学生回顾感动中国颁奖典礼的过程，从而创设本节课整堂课的授课情景，实现情景教学法;同时在创设情景的基础上，让学生明确这堂课的学习目标和学习任务，让学生上课过程中目标明确，任务清晰，完成每一个环节都会有方向感和成就感。

导入形式新颖而且效果独到。

因此，在阅读教学中，恰当地使用多媒体有利于开阔学生的视野，激发学生的阅读兴趣，提高课堂教学效果。

2）这一节课的重要目标之一就是训练学生的阅读能力，在课堂上我分别对略读、细读这两种阅读技能进行了训练，在此过程中，学生综合运用了信息收集与信息处理的方法，提高了分析问题和解决问题的能力。

从这几个任务的处理来看，学生做的还是比较成功的。

并且我还根据教学的实际情况，随时调整教学方案，临场发挥，出现了引人入胜的闪光点。

通过小组讨论、情景创设极大程度地调动了课堂气氛；授课过程中充分调动学生积极性，课堂时间分配合理。

整节课使学生在愉悦快乐，轻松和谐的氛围中进行，是一次师生合作共同进步的过程。

教师注重阅读策略的指导和训练，快读环节之前，授课教师先把快读的技巧进行点拨，然后进行训练；在替换句子后，要求学生自己总结出替换句子的方法和技巧，其实在授课过程中学生描述的技巧是有偏差的，授课教师没有急躁，而是引导学生寻找正确的解答技巧，授课教师应变能力还是不错的。

外研高中必修五module2知识点讲解

必修五Module 2 The Human Traffic Signal 重点知识讲解1.offeroffer sb sth = offer sth to sb被动sb be offered stheg: He was offered a good job but he turned it down.offer to do 主动提出做某事eg: When I was wandering where I could get so much money for my trip, my sister offered to help. offer money to sb for sth 出价买eg: He offered 30,000 yuan to the boss for the car .offer sb money to doeg: Taylor offered him 500 dollars to do the work..泰勒愿意出500美元雇佣他做这项工作。

2.at high altitude 海拔高的地区3.be in bad condition 状况极差condition 表示状态，状况的时候，相当于state ,主要用单数形式。

eg: These old temples are still in good condition.You are in no condition to go anywhere.你的身体状况太差，不宜去任何地方。

condition 表示环境，条件以及天气情况的时候，常用作复数形式。

eg: The poor wording conditions led to the poor health of the workers.Police advised people to stay at home until weather conditions improve.常与condition搭配的介词是in underon condition that =only if =provided that=providing that 倘若，在……条件下eg: They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before weekend.On no condition 绝不，无论如何都不eg: You must on no condition tell them what happened .4.salary 薪金，薪水.常指从事脑力劳动的工资，一般按月发放。

高中英语_The Human Traffic Signal教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

The Human Traffic Signal教学设计Teaching ProceduresBlackboard Design:(板书）学生课堂效果评价表：学情分析学生为高二的在校生，经过高一一年的英语学习，他们对英语阅读教学已经比较熟悉，也掌握了一定的阅读技巧，对英语的学习兴趣非常高，自我展现的欲望非常强，合作意识也不断提高。

从语言知识方面讲，学生们不断学习，已有一定的词汇、语法积累。

我校学生生源状况处于全市中游和中下游，学生们在听、说、读、写综合能力方面还比较薄弱，有待进一步提高。

本课话题以自己的理想职业开始，以个人职业规划升华结束，与学生实际密切相关，激起了他们的兴趣，在课堂中精神饱满，积极表现，取得良好的效果。

The Human Traffic Signal 效果分析学生根据下表完成对自己的课堂表现自我评价：学生平均得分如下：一．导入：本环节教师从自身实际出发，介绍自己职业理想的实现，学生也分享了自己的梦想，从而引出各种职业的词汇，再通过猜词游戏，拓展一些职业词汇，引出志愿者，从而进入今天的特殊志愿者。

在本环节中，学生通过已有的储备知识进行课前热身，同时也意识到教师自身的幸福感以及社会是有不同职业构成的，各行各业都在为社会服务，渗透德育教育，学生兴趣浓厚，迫不及待地进入文章阅读。

二．略读在略读这一环节中，通过教师引导，让学生掌握略读技巧，概括段意和文章大意的技巧，同时对本文三部分选择合适标题，对本文的大框架有了一定了解。

学生很容易地完成任务，齐声回答。

He offers to help without getting paid.volunteerHe directs the traffic.You go to him toget your hair cut.The person works in business.He deals withmoney affairs.He treats patients.He prepares meals ina restaurant.barber businessman policeman accountant doctorcook societyGuessing:三. 查读1.阅读第一段，找出相应信息，并理解词句。

(完整版)外研社必修五课文reading原文

Module 1 British and American EnglishWords, words, wordsBritish and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known — Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American).Chips or French fries?But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.Have or have got?There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? while Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon!).Colour or color?The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.Turn on the TVSome experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English. This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many "Englishes", not just two main varieties. But the message is "Don't worry." Users of English will all be able to understand each other — wherever they are.Module 2 The Human Traffic SignalThe roadAt 3,500 metres, La Paz, in Bolivia, is the highest capital in the world. Life is hard at high altitude, and the mountains make communications difficult. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. On one side the mountains rise steeply; on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive. In theory, the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning, and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules.The manBut thanks to one man, the death toll has fallen. Timoteo Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known locally as la curva del diablo (the Devil's Bend). Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic signal. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand. The board is red on one side and green on the other. Timoteo stands on the bend and directs the traffic. When two vehicles approach from opposite directions they can't see each other, but they can see Timoteo. Timoteo is a volunteer. No one asked him to do the job, and no one pays him for it. Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted. The reason why he does itSo why does he do it? Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. He had been a miner and a soldier. Then one day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close encounter with death. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain. Somehow he survived. He was in hospital for months. Then, a few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo. This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo. He realised that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic.Module 3 The SteamboatThere was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river. Suddenly, by the light of the lightning, we saw something in the middle of the river. It looked like a house at first, but then we realized it was a steamboat. It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water. We were sailing straight towards it."It looks as if it'll go under soon," Jim said, after a couple of minutes."Let's go and take a look," I said."I don't want to board a sinking ship," said Jim, but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat, he agreed to go. So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice. To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins. Then we heard someone shout, "Oh please boys, don't kill me!I won't tell anybody!"A man's angry voice answered, "You're lying. You said that last time. We're going to kill you."When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft. But although I was frightened, I also felt very curious, so I put my head round the door. It was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope. There were two men standing over him. One was short, with a beard. The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun."I've had enough of you. I'm going to shoot you now," this man said. He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor. And it was a gun he had in his hand."No, don't do that," said the short man. "Let's leave him here. The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and he'll go down with it."When he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying. "He sounds as if he's going to die of fright!" I thought. "I have to find a way to save him!"I crawled along the deck, found Jim, and told him what I had heard. "We must find their boat and take it away, then they'll have to stay here," I said.Jim looked terrified. "I'm not staying here," he said. But I persuaded him to help me, and we found the men's boat tied to the other side of the steamboat. We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting. By then we were a safe distance away. But now I began to feel bad about what we had done. I didn't want all three men to die.Module 4 The Magic of the MaskThink of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere."Carnival" comes from two Latin words, meaning "no more meat". In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter. People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up.The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. At the beginning, it lasted for just one day. People ate, drank, and wore masks. As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised. Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. Many crimes went unpunished.The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century. Men were not allowed to wear masks at night; and they were not allowed to dress up as women. In later times more laws were passed. People who wore masks could not carry firearms; and no one could enter a church wearing a mask. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years. Finally, when Venice became part of the Austrian empire, at the end of the eighteenth century, masks were banned completely, and carnival became just a memory.But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students. They began making masks and organising parties, and threw bits of brightly coloured paper (called coriandoli) at tourists. The town council realised that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February. People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun. Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes. German, French and English seem to be the main languages. But the spirit of Venice carnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals. If the key to Rio is music and movement, then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask. As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks — elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern — but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like. Nobody takes them off. If the masks come off, the magic is lost.Module 5 A Life in SportThey called him the prince of gymnasts. When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. They included six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship, and three at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles (as well as two silver and a bronze). Li Ning was the best. When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Ning's name was on it, together with footballer Peléand boxer Muhammad Ali. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life. A year after his retirement, Li Ning began a new career — as a businessman. But he didn't forget his sporting background. He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas. He made the unusual choice, for a Chinese person, of choosing his own name as the brand mark. The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Ning's name, L and N.Li Ning's sports clothes came onto the market at just the right time. The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase —and sport had never been so popular. Li Ning'sdesigns were attractive, and they had a major advantage over their better-knownrivals — they were cheaper. A pair of Nike trainers, for example, could cost up tofive times as much as a similar Li Ning product. Success for Li Ning wasguaranteed, and it came quickly.In just a few years, Li Ning won more than fifty percent of the national market.Today a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds. But the clothes are notonly worn on the athletics track or the football pitch. If you go into a school oruniversity anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuitswith the familiar logo. The company has also grown internationally. The Spanishand French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes, while Italian designers are employed by the company to create new styles. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.But Li Ning's goal when he retired was not to make money. His dream was to open a school for gymnasts. He was able to do this in 1991. Since then, he has continued to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions. Like Pelé and Muhammad Ali before him, who have worked with the United Nations for children's rights and peace, Li Ning has discovered that the work of a great sportsman does not finish when he retires from the sport. It starts. And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Ning's advertising slogan says.Module 6 Saving the AntelopesOn a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for — a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope. Jiesang knew he had to move quickly. He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns. Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them. In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed. When his frozen body was found hours later, he was still holding his gun. He had given his life to save the Tibetan antelope.At the beginning of the twentieth century there were millions of antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000. The reason is simple: the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world. It is soft, light, and warm — the ideal coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes. A shawl made from the wool (known as "shahtoosh", or "king of wools" in Persian) can sell for five thousand dollars. For poachers the profits can be huge.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much. The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls. From there, it is exported to rich countries in North America and Europe. The business is completely illegal — there has been a ban on the trade since 1975. But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people. A police raid on a shop in London found 138 shawls. About 1,000 antelopes — or 2 percent of the world's population — had been killed to make them.In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve —the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes. Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.But today the government seems to be winning the battle. The number of poachers has fallen. The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres. Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers. International co-operation seems to be working. Since 1997 the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again.Module 1:The Man Who Made Spelling SimpleIn English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say /raIt/ but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from Yale University in 1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive "American" look.So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Webster's dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.Module 2 Growing JobsWhat sort of jobs will people be doing ten years from now? According to a survey published by an American university, the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to computers and health. They include computer systems analysts, data analysts and database managers. But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals. Some of these will be new jobs, such as bioinformaticians, who combine computer skills with knowledge of biology. Others will be more traditional. For example, more home care nurses will be needed to look after the rapidly ageing population. But many youngsters will need professional care, too: 14 million Americans suffer from speech or language problems, and six million of them are under the age of 18. The number of speech pathologists (who help people who have problems speaking) is expected to double by the year 2012. And social workers will continue to be in demand.Of course there will be plenty of other new jobs, some of which we probably can't even guess. But for those who love the outdoor life, a good bet could be the leisure industry. As more and more countries open up to tourism, more travel agents will be needed, but the real demand will be for guides to take groups and even individuals on adventure holidays. For people doing this job, common sense, physical fitness and an outgoing personality are likely to be more important than computer skills.Module 3 The Life of Mark TwainOften the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create. Mark Twain, who wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, was no exception. To start with, the author's name, Mark Twain, is itself an invention, or "pen name". Twain's real name was Samuel Clemens. "Mark Twain", which means "watermark two", was a call used by sailors on the Mississippi to warn shipmates that they were coming into shallow water.Like Huck, Mark Twain led an adventurous life. He left school early, and as an adolescent, determined to make his fortune in South America, set off from his home in Hannibal, Missouri, for New Orleans. He wanted to take a boat to the Amazon, where he thought he could get rich quickly. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America. Forced to change his plans, he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat, taking passengers up and down the Mississippi, the great river which flows from the north of the US near the Canadian border, down to the Gulf of Mexico.Later he became a journalist and began writing stories about life on the river. Twain's vivid and often amusing descriptions of life on the river quickly became popular, and established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of America's greatest writers.Cultural cornerModule 4 The Meaning of CarnivalCarnival today is an international, multicultural experience. But how did it become so? To understand what carnival is all about, we need to look at the history of America and the meeting of two cultures — European and African.The arrival of Europeans in America, and the opening of huge farms and plantations to grow cotton, fruit and vegetables, meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them. This marked the beginning of the slave trade. For more than two hundred years, until the beginning of the 19th century, when the trade was finally stopped, millions of people were taken by force from their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves. Six million were taken to the Caribbean islands where there were British and French landowners.Naturally, the Europeans also imported their own festivals. So the slaves were forced to watch as their masters celebrated carnival with food, drink, and masked dances. In Trinidad, the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations: they painted their faces white, imitating their masters and making fun of them. But at the same time they were continuing their own African traditions — such as walking round a village wearing masks and singing — a custom which they thought would bring good luck.When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival. It became more colourful and more exciting than it had been before. Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands created. Carnival became a celebration of freedom.With the passing of time, the white inhabitants of the island began to take part in the carnival, too — and they were welcomed by their former slaves. Carnival became a way to unite different communities, as people forgot their everyday problems and enjoyed themselves eating, drinking, and dancing. Today, visitors from all over the world come to this small state in the Caribbean to join in the fun. Carnival has become a celebration of life itself.Cultural cornerModule 5 Marathon: the Ultimate Olympic EventThe final event in the Olympics is the marathon. It is also usually the most exciting. As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42-kilometre race, the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer. The name of the race comes from a battle in Ancient Greece. According to the story, a soldier ran from the scene of the battle, Marathon, to Athens, to bring the news of a Greek victory against the Persians. He died just after arriving.The marathon has been an Olympic event since the modern games started in 1896. At first the distance was 40 kilometres — the distance between Marathon and Athens. In 1908, however, at the London Olympics, it was changed. The King of England wanted the runners to leave from his castle in Windsor and arrive in a new stadium in central London. The distance was 26 miles — about 42 kilometres. In fact, the 1908 marathon ended dramatically. When the leader, an Italian, entered the stadium he turned the wrong way and fell onto the ground. Officials picked him up and helped him to the finishing line, just as the second runner, an American, entered the stadium. The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. Since then, there have been many more exciting marathons.In fact, you don't have to wait for the Olympic Games to run or watch a marathon, as there are marathons in over sixty countries and hundreds of cities around the world today. One of the most famous marathons is in New York, and is watched by two million people around the streets and across the bridges of the city's five boroughs, and past New York's famous landmarks. But perhaps one of the most beautiful and extraordinary marathons ever is the Great Wall Marathon, which most competitors find is the toughest course to run.The marathon is the final Olympic event because it is thought to be the hardest. But experts believe that most people — even people who are not particularly good at sport — can run a marathon, if they train for it.。

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Module 1 British and American English之欧侯瑞魂创作Words, words, wordsBritish and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known — Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American).Chips or French fries?But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it's a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning,which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.Have or have got?There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? while Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon!).Colour or color?The other two areas in which the two varietiesdiffer are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similarto British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.Turn on the TVSome experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, youfind newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents — American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best-known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English.This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many "Englishes", not just two main varieties. But the message is "Don't worry." Users of English will all be able to understand each other —wherever they are.Module 2 The Human Traffic SignalThe roadAt 3,500 metres, La Paz, in Bolivia, is the highest capital in the world. Life is hard at high altitude, and the mountains make communications difficult. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. On one side the mountains rise steeply; on the other side there is a sheerdrop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average,one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive. In theory, the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning, and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules.The manBut thanks to one man, the death toll has fallen. Timoteo Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known locally as la curva del diablo (the Devil's Bend). Timoteo has an unusual job —he is a human traffic signal. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand. The board is red on one side and green on the other. Timoteo stands on the bend and directs the traffic. When two vehicles approach from opposite directions they can't see each other, but they can see Timoteo. Timoteo is a volunteer. No one asked him to do the job, and no one pays him for it. Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. But often they just pass by, taking the human traffic signal for granted.The reason why he does itSo why does he do it? Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. He had been a miner and a soldier. Then one day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a closeencounter with death. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain. Somehow he survived. He was in hospital for months. Then, a few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo. This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo. He realised that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic.Module 3 The SteamboatThere was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river. Suddenly, by the light of the lightning, we saw something in the middle of theriver. It looked like a house at first, but then we realized it was a steamboat. It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water. We were sailing straight towards it."It looks as if it'll go under soon," Jim said, after a couple of minutes."Let's go and take a look," I said."I don't want to board a sinking ship," said Jim, but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat, he agreed to go. So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice. To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins. Then we heard someone shout, "Oh please boys, don't kill me! I won't tell anybody!"A man's angry voice answered, "You're lying. You said that last time. We're going to kill you."When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft. But although I was frightened, I also felt very curious, so I put my head round the door. It was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope. There were two men standing over him. One was short, with a beard. The other was tall and had somethingin his hand that looked like a gun."I've had enough of you. I'm going to shoot you now," this man said. He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor. And it was a gun he had in his hand."No, don't do that," said the short man. "Let's leave him here. The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and he'll go down with it."When he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying. "He sounds as if he's going to die offright!" I thought. "I have to find a way to save him!"I crawled along the deck, found Jim, and told him what I had heard. "We must find their boat and take it away, then they'll have to stay here," I said.Jim looked terrified. "I'm not staying here," he said. But I persuaded him to help me, and we found the men's boat tied to the other side of the steamboat. We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heard the two men shouting. By then we were a safe distance away. But now I began to feel bad about what we had done. I didn't want all three men to die.Module 4 The Magic of the MaskThink of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere. "Carnival" comes from two Latin words, meaning "no more meat". In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter. People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up.The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. At the beginning, it lasted for just one day. People ate, drank, and wore masks. As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised. Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. Many crimes went unpunished.The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century. Men were notallowed to wear masks at night; and they were not allowed to dress up as women. In later times more laws were passed. People who wore masks could not carry firearms; and no one could enter a church wearing a mask. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years. Finally, when Venice became part of the Austrian empire, at the end of the eighteenth century, masks were banned completely, and carnival became just a memory.But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students. They began making masks and organising parties, and threw bits of brightly coloured paper (called coriandoli) at tourists. The town council realised that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February. People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun. Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes. German, French and English seem to be the main languages. But the spirit of Venicecarnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals. If the key to Rio is music and movement, then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask.As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of masks —elegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern —but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like. Nobody takes them off. If the masks come off, the magic is lost.Module 5 A Life in SportThey called him the prince of gymnasts. When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. They included six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship, and three at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles (as well as two silver and a bronze). Li Ning was the best. When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Ning's name was on it, together with footballer Pelé and boxer Muhammad Ali. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 搜索引擎优化ul Olympics.But it was this sense of failure that made him determinedto succeed in his new life. A year after his retirement, Li Ning began a new career —as a businessman. But he didn't forget his sporting background. He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas. He made the unusual choice, for a Chinese person, of choosing his own name as the brand mark. The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Ning's name, L and N.Li Ning's sports clothes came onto the market at just the right time. The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase — and sport had neverbeen so popular. Li Ning's designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage overtheir better-known rivals — they were cheaper.A pair of Nike trainers, for example, could costup to five times as much as a similar Li Ning product. Success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly.In just a few years, Li Ning won more than fifty percent of the national market. Today a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds. But the clothes are not only worn on the athleticstrack or the football pitch. If yougo into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. The company has also grown internationally. The Spanish and French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes, while Italian designers are employed by the company to create new styles. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.But Li Ning's goal when he retired was not to make money. His dream was to open a school for gymnasts. He was able to do this in 1991. Since then, he has continued to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions. Like Pelé and Muhammad Ali before him, who have worked with the United Nations for children's rights and peace, Li Ning has discovered that the work of a great sportsman does not finish when he retires from the sport. It starts. And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Ning's advertising slogan says.Module 6 Saving the AntelopesOn a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for — a group ofpoachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope. Jiesang knew he had to move quickly. He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns. Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them. In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed. When his frozen body was found hours later, he was still holding his gun. He had given his life to save the Tibetan antelope.At the beginning of the twentieth century there were millions of antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000. The reason is simple: the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world. It is soft, light, and warm — the ideal coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes. A shawl made from the wool (known as "shahtoosh", or "king of wools" in Persian) can sell for five thousand dollars. For poachers the profits can be huge.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much. The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into theshawls. From there, it is exported to rich countries in North America and Europe. The business is completely illegal — there has been a ban on the trade since 1975. But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people. A police raid on a shop in London found 138 shawls. About 1,000 antelopes —or 2 percent of the world's population — had been killed to make them.In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve — the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes. Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.But today the government seems to be winning the battle. The number of poachers has fallen. The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres. Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.International co-operation seems to be working. Since 1997 the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again.Cultural cornerModule 1:The Man Who Made Spelling Simple In English the spelling of words does not always represent the sound. So people say /raIt/ but spell it right, or write, or even rite. Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways. And some words just seem to have too many letters.For Americans things are a little bit easier, thanks to the work of Noah Webster, a teacher who graduated from YaleUniversity in 1778. As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence, and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive "American" look.So he began his work on American English. His first book, The Elementary Spelling Book, suggested simplifying the spelling of English words. The book was extremely popular. By the 1850s it was selling onemillion copies a year, making it one of the most popular school books ever.Many of the suggestions were quickly adopted. Center instead of centre, program instead of programme, and flavor instead of flavour. Others, however, such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine, were not.Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language, which first appeared in 1828. It introduced lots of new American words, with information about their pronunciation and use, and, of course, the new spelling. The British criticised the dictionary, but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States. Today, Webster's dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students.Cultural cornerModule 2 Growing JobsWhat sort of jobs will people be doing ten years from now? According to a survey published by an American university, the ten fastest growing jobs will be related to computers and health. They include computer systemsanalysts, data analysts and database managers. But there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals. Some of these will be new jobs, such as bioinformaticians, who combine computer skills with knowledge of biology. Others will be more traditional. For example, more home care nurses will be needed to look after the rapidly ageing population. But many youngsters will need professional care, too: 14 million Americans suffer from speech or language problems, and six million of them are under the age of 18. The number of speech pathologists (who help people who have problems speaking) is expected to double by the year 2012. And social workers will continue to be in demand.Of course there will be plenty of other new jobs, some of which we probably can't even guess. But for those who love the outdoor life, a good bet could be the leisure industry. As more and more countries open up to tourism, more travel agents will be needed, but the real demand will be for guides to take groups and even individuals on adventure holidays. For people doing this job, common sense, physical fitness and an outgoing personality are likely to be more important than computer skills.Cultural cornerModule 3 The Life of Mark TwainOften the lives of writers resemble the lives of the characters they create. Mark Twain, who wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, was no exception. To start with, the author's name, Mark Twain, is itself an invention, or "pen name". Twain's real name was Samuel Clemens. "Mark Twain", which means "watermark two", was a call used by sailors on the Mississippi to warn shipmates that they were coming into shallow water.Like Huck, Mark Twain led an adventurous life. He left school early, and as an adolescent, determined to make his fortune in South America, set off from his home in Hannibal, Missouri, for New Orleans. He wanted to take a boat to the Amazon, where he thought he could get rich quickly. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America. Forced to change his plans, he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat, taking passengers up and down the Mississippi, the great riverwhich flows from the north of the US near the Canadian border, down to the Gulf of Mexico.Later he became a journalist and began writing stories about life on the river. Twain's vivid and often amusing descriptions of life on the river quickly became popular, and established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of America's greatest writers.Cultural cornerModule 4 The Meaning of CarnivalCarnival today is an international, multicultural experience. But how did it become so? To understand what carnival is all about, we need to look at the history of America and the meeting of two cultures — European and African.The arrival of Europeans in America, and the opening of huge farms and plantations to grow cotton, fruit and vegetables, meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them. This marked the beginning of the slave trade. For more than two hundred years, until the beginning of the 19th century, when the trade was finally stopped, millions of people were taken by forcefrom their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves. Six million were taken to the Caribbean islands where there were British and French landowners.Naturally, the Europeans also imported their own festivals. So the slaves were forced to watch as their masters celebrated carnival with food, drink, and masked dances. In Trinidad, the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations: they painted their faces white, imitating their masters and making fun of them. But at the same time they were continuing their own African traditions —such as walking round a village wearing masks and singing — a custom which they thought would bring good luck.When the slave trade was abolished in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival. It became more colourful and more exciting than it had been before. Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands created. Carnival became a celebration of freedom.With the passing of time, the white inhabitants of the island began to take part in the carnival, too —and they were welcomed by their former slaves. Carnivalbecame a way to unite different communities, as people forgot their everyday problems and enjoyed themselves eating, drinking, and dancing. Today, visitors from all over the world come to this small state in the Caribbean to join in the fun. Carnival has become a celebration of life itself.Cultural cornerModule 5 Marathon: the Ultimate Olympic Event The final event in the Olympics is the marathon. It is also usually the most exciting. As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few metres of the 42-kilometre race, the crowd rises to its feet to shout and cheer. The name of the race comes from a battle in Ancient Greece. According to the story, a soldier ran from the scene of the battle, Marathon, to Athens, to bring the news of a Greek victory against the Persians. He died just after arriving.The marathon has been an Olympic event since the modern games started in 1896. At first the distance was 40 kilometres —the distance between Marathon and Athens. In 1908, however, at the London Olympics, it waschanged. The King of England wanted the runners to leave from his castle in Windsor and arrive in a new stadium in central London. The distance was 26 miles — about 42 kilometres. In fact, the 1908 marathon ended dramatically. When the leader, an Italian, entered the stadium he turned the wrong way and fell onto the ground. Officials picked him up and helped him to the finishing line, just as the second runner, an American, entered the stadium. The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. Since then, there have been many more exciting marathons.In fact, you don't have to wait for the Olympic Games to run or watch a marathon, as there are marathons in over sixty countries and hundreds of cities around the world today. One of the most famous marathons is in New York, and is watched by two million people around the streets and across the bridges of the city's five boroughs, and past New York's famous landmarks. But perhaps one of the most beautiful and extraordinary marathons ever is the Great Wall Marathon, which most competitors find is the toughest course to run.The marathon is the final Olympic event because it is thought to be the hardest. But experts believe that most people —even people who are not particularly good at sport — can run a marathon, if they train for it.。

【评测练习】The Human Traffic Signal

Book5 module2 Human Traffic Signal学案Task——Presentations of the Award Words and Timoteo’s Winning SpeechLearning objectives:By the end of this class, I will be able to,1.learn some useful words , phrases and the story of Timoteo through understanding of the text.2. practise different reading skills, skimming, scanning…3. improve the awareness of responsibility and devotion.Teaching procedures:I. Leading-in1. Watch a video from CCVT news reporting one model of Moving China——Gesangdeji.2. Ask Ss what are the procedures of the Awarding Ceremony and present the task of this class——Presentation of the Award words and Timoteo’s Winning Speech,II. While readingTask 1. Fast-reading :Go through the whole passage and match the headings with each paragraph.Para1 the manPara 2 the reason why he does itPara 3 the road（Tip：You needn’t read word by word or sentence by sentence.）Task 2. Careful-readingPara1Listen to this paragraph and fill the key words into the blanks.location At __________________metersThe _________________capital in the worldlife _________at high altitudeCommunications _________________roads In ______________conditionOne road considered the most__________in the world(called the Devil’s Bend)facts Accidents _______________The drop so __________that anyoneinside __________to survivefew drivers _____________the rulesPara 2Read paragraph 2 to finish the following activity.What is Timoteo's job?A. A policemanB. A lorry driverC. A volunteer who directs the trafficGet paid or not? How?Q1: How does he usually do to direct the traffic?___________________________________________________Q2: Does the job bring him much money? Why?_______________________________________________________Thinking: If you were given a chance to do this job, would you do it?Para3: Read para3 carefully and answer the questions.Q1: Why did Timoteo choose this job?Experience 1_________________________________________Experience 2_________________________________________Q2: Replacement: He knew he was lucky to survive and felt it was his job to help others. _______________________________________________________III Post-reading: (group work)1. Summary and PreparationExample: This is one place in the world, which is considered the most dangerous place in the world. Here, accidents are frequent. But thanks to one man, the death toll has fallen——Timoteo, who makes a difference to this condition.Though what he has done is very simple, it has a great effect on the society. He is a great gentlemen.Example:I’m very glad to stand here to get this award. In fact, when I survived the first accident, I learned that life is precious. So I regard this job as my mission. I’m still nothing. I’m just only one of the millions of volunteers. They are really the heroes. Summary andPreparationAward words Timoteo’s winning-speech2.PresentationSs 1 : Award words Ss 2: Timoteo’s winning speechIV. Discussion: Furthur thinking:1. What cn we learn from Timoteo?2. Teacher’s suggestion:Whatever jobs we may take up, we can achieve ourselves and make a difference to others, no matter how small the difference may be, as long as we want to.TimoteoV. Homework1. Write down the summary of this passage.2. Write a short passage: If you had a chance to teach in the western area, would you like to go? why? VI. 自我评价表After learning the material,1. Do you know how to organize awardwords and winning speech?2.Have you improved you reading skills?3.Can you express your ideas fluently?4.Would you like to share your opinions withothers?。

外研版高中英语必修课文翻译

必修5课文翻译Module1BritishandAmericanEnglishWords,Words,Words英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。

首先，最为明显的方面是在词汇方面。

有成百上千的不同的词在大西洋彼岸是不被使用的或以不同的意思被使用。

有一些词是非常有名的，美国人在高速公路上驾驶时给车（automobile汽车）加油加的是gas；而英国人通常来给车加油用的是petrol（汽油）。

做为一个游客，你在伦敦将会使用underground来指地铁或在纽约使用subway，或许你将会更愿意选择用出租车taxi（英国）或cab（美国）来游览城市。

ChipsorFrenchfries？但是其他词语和表达方式没有这麽广泛的被人所知。

美国人把手电筒成为flashlight然而在英国，它被称做torch（火炬，火把；喷灯，吹管；光芒）。

在英国英语当中，排队要用queueup而在美国要用standinline。

有的时候同一个单词在意义上有轻微差别，这和种差别有事会使人疑惑不解。

例如：Chips在英国中指的是油炸的或热炸的薯条；在美国，Chips是非常薄的并且是放在袋里出售的。

英国人称它为Crisps英国人所熟悉并喜欢的这中薯条在大西洋彼岸却被称之为Frenchfries。

Haveorhavegot？在语法方面英式英语和美式英语也有一些不同。

英国人通常说“haveyougot...?”而美国人更愿意使用“Doyouhave...?”一个美国人通常会说“Myfriendhasjustarrived.”但是一个英国人通常会说“Myfriendhasjustarrived.”介词的用法也有一定不同：我们可以比较一下，在美式英语中用ontheteam,ontheweekend在英式英语中用intheteam,attheweekend。

英国人用介词的地方美国人有时会省略掉（I’llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon!）。

The Human Traffic Signal 说课稿

Book5 Module2 A Job Worth Doing 说课稿Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.It is my great honor to be here sharing my lesson with you .I have been ready this presentation with eight parts: A brief analysis of the teaching materials, the studying aims, the important and difficult points,the teaching and studying methods,the teaching process , the design of blackboard and the exercise,and the teaching reflection.Part1.The Analysis of the Teaching MaterialThe content of our lesson is from module 2,book 5 by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. The topic is about a job worth doing. Its main task is to make the students know what is a worth job and how to apply a job. Today our lesson is the second period:reading.It shows the unusual job of Timoteo, a volunteer, who direct the traffic to avoid too many traffic jams on a dangerous road.As we know, the purpose of the input is to produce output, so we must make sure the students can express themselves freely and can write efficiently as well after learning this class. We also need to enlarge their vocabularies and enrich their reading by teaching.Part2. studying aimsAccording to the new standard curriculum and the syllabus, after this class,students are able to achieve these aims.Knowledge and ability:1.To grasp some useful language points.2.To foster their reading skills such as fast-reading and careful-reading and their ability to speak freely .Course and method:To master the key points and improve their integrating skills by co-operation and communication ,with the teachers’ guidance and help.Emotion Aims :To teach the students every post is meaningful and has its own way to help society develop, putting the moral education in the language study.Important points1)To foster their effective reading skills such as fast-reading and careful-reading.2)To develop their ability to speak freely.Difficult points1.To foster their integrating skills:reading,speaking2 to develop their ability of cooperation and self exploration.3.To improve their mind that every post is meaningful and has its own way to help society Part3 .The Analysis of studentsAdvantage:The students are in their teens, who have some foundations oflistening,speaking ,reading and writing.They are eager to know more about the world and they have many ideal jobs. So we should grasp this chance to arouse their interest in learning English and develop their mind to help society by their hard work.Disadvantage:However, for those who are not good at English, some tasks may be a little difficult,so we are supposed to pay attention to their different levels and set different tasks for them.Part4.The Methods of teaching and studying strategiesAccording to the important and difficult points, we take the task-based teaching method,communicative approach.The main studying strategies are cooperative learning and self exploration. .Part5.Teaching processThe first two steps belong to the input and others are output.Step 1. Lead- in1) enjoy a song with the students “be what you wanna be” and they try to listen to some jobs appearing in it.(By this beautiful song, I aim to motivate students’interest and dreams.)2)Play a guessing game :try to guess the jobs in activity one .( to remind them of some jobs and motivate their interest.In this part,I stress the volunteer to develop their mind to help society. )Step 2: reading1)fast-reading : read the passage quickly to match the 3 headings with them( As we know, the headings often give us a general idea about the content of a article,so students read the passage quickly to match the 3 headings to get a general understanding).2) careful reading.（1）Students read the part 1 to find out some information about the road .（2）read the second part carefully to finish the blanks on the screen（3）reading part 3 to find out the reason.( During these steps,the teacher will explain some phrases and difficult sentences.By these steps, they can have an overall comprehension of this article.)3)Post reading(1)summary : finish task1 and 2 on the screen(2)discussion：work in groups of 4 to discuss the spirit they can learn from Timeoteo (Speaking is an important part in language learning,so we should create situations and activities to practise their speaking.)Step 3: summary1)students say their own dreams and the reason.(improve their mind that every post is meaningful and has its own way to help the society .) Step-4 :homeworkto review the whole passage and finish two reading comprehensions.Part6.The Design of the blackboardIn this part ,our general principles are simplicity and clearness. The frame of this article is on the left and some language points are presented on the right.Part7.The Design of the Exercises :1) match :to improve their ability of getting information from materials.2)choose the correct answers:to develop their ability of reading and analyzing3)discussion: to pay attention to their ability of finishing tasks cooperatively and expressing confidently and clearly4)homework:to develop their reading skillsPart 8 Teaching Reflection:Advantages :We begin our class with a happy song ,which arouse students’ interest quickly. At the end ,we end up with students saying their dreams. From dream to dream ,we permeate emotional aims.Disadvantages1.)The class mainly focus on the comprehension of the reading materials,a few language points are included.2.) Because the time allocation is not so proper,we did not dig the reading deeply .3.)One of my aims is to motivate students’ positive emotion and it also can be done by teacher’s voice and infection.But I did not do well in this aspect.That is all about my lesson and please give me more suggestions . Thank you very much !。

The Human Traffic Signal 阅读理解

3. Why is the road so dangerous? A. It is narrow and in bad condition. B. It is high up in the mountains. C. Drivers don’t respect the traffic rules. 4. What does Timoteo get for directing the traffic? A. A small amount of money from some drivers. B. A small salary from the state. C. No money at all.
a sheer drop
2. What is he holding? 3. Is the road dangerous?
a bus
4. Can the bus driver see a circular Then what will the lorry?
board a man 5. Can the lorry driver see
1. What is Timoteo’s job? A.He’s a policeman B.He’s a lorry driver C.He’s a volunteer who directs the C. traffic 2. Where does he work? A. In a small village in the Andes. B. At the side of a road in the mountains. C. In La Paz.
Para.1
The sentences showing the accidents happen frequently:

The Human Traffic Signal 复习学案

The Human Traffic Signal 复习学案Step one.【合作探究】分析句子：1. …the mountains make communications difficult.make+ n. + adj. 使得…(怎么样)2. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent.★in …… condition 处于……的状况3.One road in particular, which goes north from Lasa Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world.①in particular 尤其，特别②be particular about/over 对……挑剔的，吹毛求疵的eg. She __________________ what she wears. (他对衣着很讲究)③consider doing sth. 考虑、思考做某事consider …(as\to be) +n.\ adj. 认为…是…4. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.on average/ on the average /on an average 平均，按平均数5. every two weeks每两周every 相关短语：every + 基数词+ 复数名词every + 序数词+ 单数名词every + other ……每隔一…every +few……every four years = every fourth year6. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.so +..such+名词（单数、复数或不可数名词）so/such ……t hat 结构中，so或such位于句首加强语气时，用倒装：He spoke so quickly that I couldn't follow him.So quickly did he speak that I couldn't follow him. （他说得如此快以至我不能跟上他。

The Human Traffic Signal

一、教学目标、方法和手段概述二、二、教学流程设计Step I Pre-reading1.Leading-inStory telling: To share a story of a 70-year-old man, Xiao Yonglu(肖永禄), who sends children to school by boat for many years without any pay. He is a volunteer. Today we”ll learn another story of Timoteo,who is also a volunteer.2.VocabularyDisplay some new vocabulary by using the picture.Guess what he's doing now.rise steeplyTimoteocircular board bendsheer dropvehicle【设计意图】借助志愿者肖永禄的故事，引出本节话题。

借助课文前的插图，引导学生进入课文，使学生对学习内容产生浓厚的兴趣，同时处理一部分较抽象的阻碍学生理解文章的词汇。

目的是既帮助学生扫除阅读障碍，进一步拓宽词汇量，又利用启发式教授法自然引出下一个教学环节。

Step II While-reading (449 words----60-70 words/ minute)Task 1 Fast readingRead the passage and match the headings with the Paragraphs.Para. 1 The manPara. 2 The roadPara. 3 The reason why he does it（Tip：You needn’t read word by word or sentence by sentence.）【设计意图】快速通读全文，把握文章主题。

Period 2 The Human Traffic Signal

The Human Traffic Signal

车斌B5 Module2 英语教学设计

高中英语_The Human Traffic Signal教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

第二届山东省师范类高校学生从业技能大赛命题

【教学反思】The Human Traffic Signal

外研 高中必修五module2知识点讲解

高中英语_The Human Traffic Signal教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

(完整版)外研社必修五课文reading原文

外研社必修五课文reading 原文

【评测练习 】The Human Traffic Signal

外研版高中英语必修课文翻译

The Human Traffic Signal 说课稿

The Human Traffic Signal 阅读理解

The Human Traffic Signal 复习学案

The Human Traffic Signal

外研高中必修五module2知识点讲解

【评测练习】The Human Traffic Signal