2020年高考英语精选考点：阅读填空(说明文)(教师版)

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2020高考英语专题训练《阅读填空七选五说明文》含答案解析

2020年高考英语专题训练阅读理解阅读填空七选五说明文(一)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

What Is Particulate Matter?There are things floating around in the air. Most of them, you cannot even see. They are a kind of air pollution called particles or particulate matter. In fact, particulate matter may be the air pollutant that most commonly affects people’s health.Have a Look.Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets. _____1_____ These groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is size, we call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.BIG.The big particles are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human hair). These particles are called PM 10 (we say “PM ten”, which stands for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size). _____2_____SMALL.The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair). _____3_____ We say “PM two point five”, as in Particulate Matte r up to 2.5 micrometers in size.The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air longer and travel farther. PM 10 (big) particles can stay in the air for minutes or hours while PM 2.5 (small) particles can stay in the air for days or weeks. And travel? _____4_____ PM 2.5 particles go even farther; many hundreds of miles.Particulate Matter and Your Health.Both PM 10 (big) and PM 2.5 (small) particles can cause health problems, specifically respiratory (呼吸的) health. When you breathe, you take in the air along with any particles that are in the air, like heavy metals and cancer causing organic compounds. _____5_____ Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to the doctor or emergency room.A. Both visible and invisible air pollutants have great effects on our environment, our health, and the quality of our lives.B. PM 10 particles can travel as little as a hundred yards or as much as 30 miles.C. PM 2.5 can have worse health effects than the bigger PM 10.D. Air pollution is a growing problem in the whole world.E. These particles cause less severe health effects.F. We divide particles into two major groups.G. These particles are called PM 2.5.助读词汇particle n. 微粒pollutant n. 污染物droplet n. 小水珠；飞沫micrometer n. 微米exposure n. 暴露meditation n.药物治疗particulate matter 悬浮颗粒物organic compound 有机化合物emergency room 急诊室heavy metal 重金属(二)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年高考英语说明文完形填空专题卷(附答案)

2020年高考英语说明文完形填空专题卷（附答案）1.完形填空,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Third Culture KidsAs more cities and companies become increasing international, there is a growing number of children that are creating their own sub-culture. Often 1 to as TCKs (Third Culture Kids) or Global Nomads, these students have a(n) 2 impact on the global community.So who are these Third Culture Kids? They are not a new phenomenon. As one looks 3history, there is a realization that certain groups of people have led highly 4 lives, a key5 in describing TCKs. They often6 their parents into another country and spend a significant part of his or her development years outside the parents' culture. They are7 to new cultures and to other people in the community who8 move constantly. Their numbers9 into the hundreds of thousands and are increasing. Ease of 10 and constant relocation of people through multinational companies and global business links contribute to this11 .The question “Who am I?” is frequently asked by TCKs. They have 12 a host of cultural identities, and have built relationships to all the cultures, 13 not having full ownership of any. Although elements from each culture are absorbed into TCK's life experience, the sense of 14is in relationship to others of a similar background.As you enter into the world of TCKs, one might suspect they are no 15 . But it is16 , after spending only a short time with them, that they bring a deep knowledge from inside and a special ability to compare 17 and local issues. They represent many countries and cultures. They are the future cross-culturalists and 18 future politicians, diplomats, government employees and educators. They certainly experience a different lifestyle compared to their mono-cultural peers but we can benefit from their global and 19 lives. So, whatever one chooses to label the international students as ---TCKs, Global Nomads, or Global Souls ---we will gain unbelievable20 .1. A. referred B. appealed C. subscribed D. submitted2. A. initial B. temporary C. immediate D. tremendous3. A. down on B. back on C. up to D. forward to4. A. adventurous B. mobile C. civilized D. primitive5. A. figure B. reason C. cause D. factor6. A. drive B. divide C. accompany D. invite7. A. connected B. addicted C. exposed D. committed8. A. frequently B. also C. rarely D. altogether9. A. change B. burst C. break D. extend10. A. communication B. travel C. interaction D. export11. A. tradition B. shift C. option D. trend12. A. revealed B. discovered C. accumulated D. accelerated13. A. as B. so C. when D. while14. A. belonging B. achievement C. possessing D. responsibility15. A. exception B. denying C. doubtful D. different16. A. clear B. vital C. universal D. essential17. A. international B. updated C. complicated D. specific18. A. luckily B. necessarily C. hopefully D. generally19. A. professional B. spiritual C. material D. colorful20. A. awards B. rewards C. popularity D. success2.阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年英语高考模拟原创09 完形填空之说明文类(教师版)

专题09 完形填空之说明文类【2020年高考命题预测】纵观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势,说明文类完形填空出现的几率还是较低。

但是,作为全面备考,我们还是要准备一些说明文类的完形填空。

以提高学生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。

预测在2020高考中,说明文类的完形填空出现的可能性不大。

【学科网考点定位】2020考纲解读和近三年考点分布【2020考纲解读】说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文,根据上下文的逻辑关系,综合运用所学语言基础知识,进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。

检测考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。

说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。

常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍,产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。

说明文类完形填空通常有以下命题特点：1. 开头点题在说明文类完形填空题中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。

2. 结构清晰说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。

理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系以及选择正确答案具有重要意义。

3. 文体特点说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复杂。

4. 条理清楚说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序等来说明事物或事理。

解答这类题目要遵循下列原则：1. 明白说明对象文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。

对文章要进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。

2. 弄清楚说明的顺序,利用好标志语把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。

语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语被称为＂语篇标志语＂。

如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, what’s more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等。

2020年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类

2020 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类（精校word版有答案解析）quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了Honey-Lover's Helper独特的掠食方式，帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。

科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。

60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?A. It's small in size.B. It's hidden in trees.C. It's covered with wax.D. It's hard to recognize.【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A bee.B. A bird.C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是：people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读填空七选五说明文》含答案解析

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读填空七选五说明文》含答案解析2020年高考英语专题训练阅读理解阅读填空七选五说明文(一)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

What Is Particulate Matter?There are things floating around in the air. Most of them, you cannot even see. They are a kind of air pollution called particles or particulate matter. In fact, particulate matter may be the air pollutant that most commonly affects people’s health.Have a Look.Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets. _____1_____ These groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is size, we call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.BIG.The big particles are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human hair). These particles are called PM 10 (we say “PM ten”, which stands for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size). _____2_____SMALL.The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair). _____3_____ We say “PM two point five”, as in Particulate Matte r up to 2.5 micrometers in size.The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air longer and travel farther. PM 10 (big) particles can stay in the air for minutes or hours while PM 2.5 (small) particles can stay in theair for days or weeks. And travel? _____4_____ PM 2.5 particles go even farther; many hundreds of miles.Particulate Matter and Your Health.Both PM 10 (big) and PM 2.5 (small) particles can cause health problems, specifically respiratory (呼吸的) health. When you breathe, you take in the air along with any particles that are in the air, like heavy metals and cancer causing organic compounds. _____5_____ Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to the doctor or emergency room.A. Both visible and invisible air pollutants have great effects on our environment, our health, and the quality of our lives.B. PM 10 particles can travel as little as a hundred yards or as much as 30 miles.C. PM 2.5 can have worse health effects than the bigger PM10.D. Air pollution is a growing problem in the whole world.E. These particles cause less severe health effects.F. We divide particles into two major groups.G. These particles are called PM 2.5.助读词汇particle n. 微粒pollutant n. 污染物droplet n. 小水珠；飞沫micrometer n. 微米exposure n. 暴露meditation n.药物治疗particulate matter 悬浮颗粒物organic compound 有机化合物emergency room 急诊室heavy metal 重金属(二)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解说明文》含答案解析

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解说明文》含答案解析2020年高考英语专题训练：阅读理解说明文(一)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Maybe it has been the influence of the current scene: the hype (大肆宣传) among urban biking. Apparently, urban biking requires entirely different bikes than suburban biking does and therefore a Bike Design Project started where five design studios across five cities had to come up with a perfect urban bike. The winning bike will be manufactured for a limited run of 100 bikes and will be in stores next year. Industry, a Portland-based studio, came up with a very interesting bike: one that uses bluetooth and handlebars that tell you when to stop or turn.Industry worked together with Ti Cycles to create a bike with a 3D printed titanium frame. The bike is called Solid and can connect to a smart phone APP: My Bike. This APP alarms a user when a light needs replacement and if something gets wrong with one’s brakes. There is also software called Discover My City, which has a series of routes through Portland’s most trendy neighborhoods, with suggestio ns about where to eat and shop.Nevertheless, the idea with cycling is that you need to focus on the road and not on your smart phone. This bike therefore uses integrated feedback on handlebars. Those handlebars tell a user when to turn, as they will buzz (嗡嗡叫) when a turn appears. As you are getting closer, they will buzz more frequently. And then there is the possibility to control your light via built-in sensors and change gears (齿轮) by pressing an electronic button.Although the bicycle looks highly interesting and can beseen as a piece of art for the designing world, we don’t know if we would like our bike to have an automatic buzz when we are approaching a turn. On the other side, it could add some extra safety to traffic in general. Whether you like the bike or not, you have to admit the Portland-based studio brings the concept of urban biking to a whole new level.1. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.A. the equipment that a hand-made bike requiresB. the popularity of the winning bike in the urban areaC. the introduction of a newly bike in the future marketD. the difference between urban biking and suburban biking2. The 3D printed bike is special in the way ________.A. it tells you where to goB. it connects the computersB. it limits the riding speed D. goes into forest and mountains3. What is the author’s attitude to the newly bicycle?A. Favorable.B. Doubtful.C. Pessimistic.D. Objective.4. The passage is likely to appear in ________.A. A school textbookB. A TV advertisementC. An exhibition guideD. A newspaper report助读词汇influence n. 影响urban adj. 城市的suburban adj. 郊区的apparently adv. 明显地manufacture vt.生产handlebar n. 车把alarm vt. 警告replacement n. 更换route n. 路线concept n. 概念a limited run of 限量in store 准备上市titanium frame 钛框架integrated feedback 综合反馈via built-in sensor 通过内置感应器(二)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

专题09 语法填空之说明文(解析版)2020年高考英语5-6月最新全国卷模拟题汇编(第二辑)

专题09 语法填空之说明文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.（2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, while the other end is square which symbolizes earth.This is because keeping enough food is 41．(great) concern than anything else.It is important to note that chopsticks are used in many different cultures and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Here are some customs 42．(associate) with chopsticks in China. Playing with chopsticks 43．(consider) bad manners. And chopsticks should not be placed 44．(vertical) in a bowl of rice or other food. Any stick-like object pointing upward 45．(resemble) the incense (香) sticks that people use 46．offerings to their dead family members. It is also bad manners to tap chopsticks on 47．edge of one’s bowl, because in ancient China beggars often made this noise 48．(attract) attention.In Chinese, “chopsticks” reads “kuai zi”, which means “to have sons soon,” so a newly-married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as 49．(they) wedding gift.50．has already been found out is that using chopsticks improves one’s memory, increases finger dexterity (灵巧) and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting.【答案】41．greater42．associated43．is considered44．vertically45．resembles46．as47．the48．to attract49．their50．What【解析】本文是说明文。

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解说明文》含答案解析

2020年高考英语专题训练：阅读理解说明文(一)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Maybe it has been the influence of the current scene: the hype (大肆宣传) among urban biking. Apparently, urban biking requires entirely different bikes than suburban biking does and therefore a Bike Design Project started where five design studios across five cities had to come up with a perfect urban bike. The winning bike will be manufactured for a limited run of 100 bikes and will be in stores next year. Industry, a Portland-based studio, came up with a very interesting bike: one that uses bluetooth and handlebars that tell you when to stop or turn.Industry worked together with Ti Cycles to create a bike with a 3D printed titanium frame. The bike is called Solid and can connect to a smart phone APP: My Bike. This APP alarms a user when a light needs replacement and if something gets wrong with one’s brakes. There is also software called Discover My City, which has a series of routes through Portland’s most trendy neighborhoods, with suggestio ns about where to eat and shop.Nevertheless, the idea with cycling is that you need to focus on the road and not on your smart phone. This bike therefore uses integrated feedback on handlebars. Those handlebars tell a user when to turn, as they will buzz (嗡嗡叫) when a turn appears. As you are getting closer, they will buzz more frequently. And then there is the possibility to control your light via built-in sensors and change gears (齿轮) by pressing an electronic button.Although the bicycle looks highly interesting and can be seen as a piece of art for the designing world, we don’t know if we would like our bike to have an automatic buzz when we are approaching a turn. On the other side, it could add some extra safety to traffic in general. Whether you like the bike or not, you have to admit the Portland-based studio brings the concept of urban biking to a whole new level.1. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.A. the equipment that a hand-made bike requiresB. the popularity of the winning bike in the urban areaC. the introduction of a newly bike in the future marketD. the difference between urban biking and suburban biking2. The 3D printed bike is special in the way ________.A. it tells you where to goB. it connects the computersB. it limits the riding speed D. goes into forest and mountains3. What is the author’s attitude to the newly bicycle?A. Favorable.B. Doubtful.C. Pessimistic.D. Objective.4. The passage is likely to appear in ________.A. A school textbookB. A TV advertisementC. An exhibition guideD. A newspaper report助读词汇influence n. 影响urban adj. 城市的suburban adj. 郊区的apparently adv. 明显地manufacture vt.生产handlebar n. 车把alarm vt. 警告replacement n. 更换route n. 路线concept n. 概念a limited run of 限量in store 准备上市titanium frame 钛框架integrated feedback 综合反馈via built-in sensor 通过内置感应器(二)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(最新实用)2020年高考英语专题训练系列6-2语法填空说明文

6.2语法填空说明文-2020年高考英语专题训练系列(一)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Friendship is indispensable (不可缺少的)to people 'life. A man without friends is like an angel without wings, 1 life will suffer in the long tolerance of 2 (lonely) and depression. Friendship is the mother of our soul, who will warm her kid if hurt 3 (occur). We have many things such as happiness, 4 (excite) and bitterness, to share with our friends in life, etc. Thus, it is important 5 (maintain) a true friendship.It takes many special qualities to make a friend. Understanding should come first. Only when we get a better understanding of each other can we gain 6 authentic and meaningful friendship.It also takes a special kind of love that seems to have no end. Never hesitate to show your kindness to your friend when he/she is 7 trouble. Love is not selfish. Love is such a valuable quality 8 (give) by God that we should treasure all our life.Tolerance is the 9 (three) essential part in friendship. We are 10 (absolute) different persons. This individual distinction may cause conflict. But just try to tolerate others so that you can maintain your friendship.助读词汇depression n.沮丧；压抑tolerance n.宽容；忍耐力hesitate v.犹豫authentic adj.真正的individual adj.个体的；个人的distinction n.差另1J;差异bitterness n.痛苦maintain vt.维持（二）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2020年高考英语复习说明文阅读练习有答案

文体分类练(三)——说明文1．语言特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。

说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。

2．结构特点：说明文的结构特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。

说明文通常采用以下结构形式：(1)总分式。

事物说明文常用“总—分”式、“总—分—总”式和“分—总”式结构。

(2)递进式。

事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。

(3)并列式。

文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。

(4)对照式。

通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。

3．阅读策略说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法、有技巧地去阅读。

一般我们采用的方法有三种：细读、略读和跳读。

(1)细读重点。

重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、主要内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。

以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。

宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。

微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。

(2)有选择地略读或跳读。

在快速浏览了题干，初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆地有选择地进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。

在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：繁琐的例证为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但读者需要花很多时间去阅读。

如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。

并列多项列举有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。

无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。

较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。

高中英语高考专题09 语法填空之说明文(解析版)

专题09 语法填空之说明文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.（2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2019-2020年高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文含解析新人教版

2019-2020年高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文含解析新人教版说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。

其主要特点为：1. 开头点题在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。

2.结构清晰说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。

理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。

3.难度较大说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。

4.遣词用字简练说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。

5.条理清晰说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。

【解题技巧】1. 快速弄清文章大意对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。

说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。

2. 弄清楚说明的顺序把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。

3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。

说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。

在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。

这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。

4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。

5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。

每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。

2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破11 语法填空(说明文)

专题11 语法填空（说明文）1.【2019·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are【解析】本文为科普类说明文。

2020年高考英语备考中等生提升系列专题19 阅读理解——说明文类(教师版)

2020年高考英语备考中等生提升系列专题19 阅读理解——说明文类（教师版）题型介绍：材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。

具体说来它有以下几个特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。

这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。

2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。

为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。

3. 常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

命题形式：命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

方法概述高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。

科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡【试题特点】①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡②贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡(4)科学方法图示判断题科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关学—科—网系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。

解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。

分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。

命题方式考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

备战2020年高考英语考点突破专题14 阅读填空(说明文)(原卷版)

专题14 阅读填空（说明文）1. 1.【2019·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)._____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.2.【2019·全国III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破14 阅读填空(说明文)(含解析)

专题14 阅读填空（说明文）1. 1.【2019·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)._____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【答案】36. E 37. A 38. G 39. C 40. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

2020年高考英语重难点突破训练：阅读理解之说明文

高考英语重难点突破训练A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world’s biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68--which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.“The calving of A68 pro vides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change,” she said. “It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water.”Professor David Vaughan, scien ce director at the BAs, said, “We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there’s lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. “Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die.”There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica arespeeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, “At the current rate, the world’s ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.” However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.1. Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.2. What do the underlined words “this one” in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.3. What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

高考英语热点题型归纳：专题21 完形填空之说明文(原卷版)

专题21 完形填空之说明文说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。

与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。

高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。

而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。

作者的写作情感和意图。

2022年新高考体裁主题内容考点发布I卷记叙文介绍旅行经历动词4 名词5介词短语2形容词、副词4II卷记叙文环球旅行动词4 名词7 形容词4全国卷乙卷说明文孩子们捉迷藏时坚持相互承认和尊重动词7 名词 7 形容词4副词2 动词短语1甲卷记叙文讲述了两个爱狗人士是怎么从相知、相爱到相伴的动词9 名词6 形容词3副词1 介词短语12021年新高考I卷记叙文介绍第一次暑期打工的经历动词8 名词4 形容词2介词短语1II卷记叙文警察破案动词6 名词7 形容词2全国卷乙卷夹叙夹议女患者表达感激之情动词9 名词7 形容词1副词2动词短语1甲卷记叙文作者住酒店的经历动词10 名词5 形容词4副词1命题专家谈高考1.选材特点完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我、人与社会及人与自然，选材都是积极向上、充满正能量的文章，倡导至真至善至美的价值观。

2．考查特点主要考查实词。

一般情况下，名词和动词(短语)考查的数量在2/3以上。

在能力方面着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。

3．新高考新变化(1)文章长度：200词左右，较以往20空完形填空有所减短。

(2)空格设置：由原来的20空变为15个空，分值也大大降低，由以往的30分降为15分。

技法七依常识，定答案完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。

考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。

2020新课标高考艺考英语复习教师用书：第三板块第三部分第四讲说明文

第四讲说明文(1)开篇点题，目标明确。

做说明文体裁的完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，比如是具体实物还是理论概念。

因为明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。

在近几年的说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。

(2)难度较大，结构严谨。

说明文往往比较正式，表述准确严谨，句子较长，结构较为复杂。

(3)用词简练，条理清晰。

说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程以及规律等。

说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采用时间顺序(先后顺序)、空间顺序(从局部到整体、从上到下，从内到外)、逻辑顺序(先因后果、先果后因、先主后次，由此及彼、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质)来说明事物或事理。

1．明确说明对象，理清段落关系。

通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。

在阅读过程中要概括，总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。

2．弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络。

在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。

把握了说明顺序能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。

常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等。

)文本示例(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—____41____six months out of the year.“Of course, we____42____it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. “We see the sky is____43____，but down in the valley it's darker －it's like on a____44____day”．But that____45____when a system of high-tech____46____was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan____47____their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to____48____. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that____49____them to turn along with the sun throughout the____50____and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town's central____51____，creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light____52____，Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been____53____there and standing there and taking____54____of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally____55____. I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all____56____the sunshine at the same time.____57____，the new light feels like more than enough for the town's____58____residents.“It's not very____59____，” she says, “but it is enough when we are____60____.”41.A.only B．obviouslyC.nearly D．precisely42.A.fear B．believeC.hear D．notice43.A.empty B．blueC.high D．wide44.A.cloudy B．normalC.different D．warm45.A.helped B．changedC.happened D．mattered46.A.c-o/mputers B．telescopesC.mirrors D．cameras47.A.remembered B．forecastedC.received D．imagined48.A.repair B．riskC.rest D．use49.A.forbids B．directsC.predicts D．follows50.A.day B．nightC.month D．year51.A.library B．hallC.square D．street52.A.appeared B．returnedC.faded D．stopped53.A.driving B．hidingC.camping D．sitting54.A.pictures B．notesC.care D．hold55.A.new B．fullC.flat D．silent56.A.block B．avoidC.enjoy D．store57.A.Instead B．HoweverC.Gradually D．Similarly58.A.nature-loving B．energy-savingC.weather-beaten D．sun-starved59.A.big B．clearC.cold D．easy60.A.trying B．waitingC.watching D．sharing考场思维◆[第一步]速读全文，查找说明对象What's the passage mainly about？高科技反射板让山谷中的居民在冬天能享受阳光。

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