descriptive writing

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descriptive writing

Concrete: She is a hairy dog with two big eyes and a short tail, and she always jumps up and down when I get back home.
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Review
Activity
Definition and Purpose
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我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子。我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
——朱自清《背影》
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Descriptive writing always gives readers the dominant impression and mood.
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Use various rhetorical devices
such as metaphor ,simile, personification and so on.
You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool , dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.
Cavern: Metaphor
Eye：Metonymy
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Tips for vivid descriptive writing
1. Avoid simply telling us what something looks like ----you need also tell us how it tastes, smells, sounds, or feels!

英语作文体裁有哪些

英语作文体裁有哪些英语作文是英语学习中的重要组成部分它不仅能够检验学生的语言表达能力还能锻炼学生的逻辑思维和创造力。

英语作文的体裁多种多样主要包括以下几种1. Narrative Writing叙述文叙述文是讲述一个故事或事件的经过通常包括时间地点人物事件等基本要素。

这种体裁要求作者按照时间顺序或事件发展顺序组织文章使读者能够清晰地了解故事的来龙去脉。

2. Descriptive Writing描述文描述文着重于对事物或场景的详细描绘包括外观颜色形状声音气味等感官信息。

这种体裁要求作者使用丰富的形容词和生动的比喻使读者能够在心中形成清晰的画面。

3. Expository Writing说明文说明文的目的是解释或阐述某个概念过程或事物。

它通常包括定义分类比较对比原因和结果等元素。

这种体裁要求作者逻辑清晰条理分明能够系统地传达信息。

4. Persuasive Writing议论文议论文旨在说服读者接受作者的观点或采取某种行动。

这种体裁要求作者提出有力的论据使用恰当的修辞手法如比喻对比引用等以增强说服力。

5. Argumentative Writing辩论文辩论文是一种特殊的议论文它通常涉及对立的观点和论点。

作者需要提出自己的观点并反驳对方的观点展示自己立场的合理性。

6. Reflective Writing反思文反思文是一种个人化的写作形式作者通过回顾和思考个人经历情感或思想来表达自己的感悟和认识。

这种体裁要求作者真诚地表达内心世界与读者分享个人的成长和变化。

7. Comparative Writing比较文比较文是对两个或多个事物概念或现象进行对比分析的写作形式。

作者需要找出它们的相似之处和不同之处并分析这些差异背后的原因。

8. Process Writing过程文过程文描述了完成某项任务或活动的步骤和方法。

这种体裁要求作者按照逻辑顺序列出步骤并可能包括原因结果或个人体验。

9. Journal Writing日记体日记体是一种记录个人日常经历感受和思考的写作形式。

英语作文的种类

英语作文的种类The Types of English Writing。

English writing comes in various forms, each serving a different purpose and requiring a different set of skills. In this article, we will explore the different types of English writing and their characteristics.1. Descriptive Writing。

Descriptive writing is used to create a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing. It focuses on the details and uses sensory language to bring the subject to life. Descriptive writing is often used in creative writing, such as fiction and poetry, as well as in personal essays and travel writing.2. Narrative Writing。

Narrative writing tells a story and typically follows achronological sequence of events. It can be fiction or non-fiction and is often used in novels, short stories, memoirs, and autobiographies. Narrative writing requires a strong plot, well-developed characters, and a clear structure.3. Expository Writing。

中考英语作文八大类型

1.叙事型Narrative Writing叙事型作文要求学生讲述一个故事或事件。

这通常包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。

学生应该使用过去时态来描述事件，并注意使用连接词来使故事流畅。

2.描述型Descriptive Writing描述型作文要求学生详细描述一个人、地方、物品或场景。

学生应该使用形容词和副词来增强描述，并使用比喻或拟人等修辞手法来使描述更加生动。

3.议论型Argumentative Writing议论型作文要求学生对某一话题表达自己的观点，并提供支持观点的理由。

学生应该使用逻辑推理和事实证据来支持自己的论点，并注意使用转折词来展示不同的观点。

4.说明型Expository Writing说明型作文要求学生解释一个概念、过程或事物。

这种类型的作文通常包括定义、分类、比较和对比等元素。

学生应该使用清晰和准确的语言来传达信息。

5.应用型Applied Writing应用型作文通常包括书信、通知、邀请函等。

学生需要根据不同的写作目的和场合来选择合适的语言和格式。

例如，写一封正式的书信时，应该使用正式的语言和结构。

6.故事续写型Story Continuation故事续写型作文要求学生根据给定的故事开头，继续编写故事。

学生应该保持原有故事的风格和主题，并创造性地发展情节。

7.看图作文型Picturebased Writing看图作文型要求学生根据图片内容来编写作文。

学生需要仔细观察图片的细节，理解图片所传达的信息，并据此编写作文。

8.图表作文型Graphicbased Writing图表作文型要求学生根据图表如柱状图、饼图、折线图等来编写作文。

学生需要分析图表数据，提取关键信息，并用文字来解释图表所展示的趋势或比较。

英文作文写作手法

英文作文写作手法1. Descriptive Writing。

Descriptive writing is all about painting a vivid picture with words. It's about using sensory details to make the reader feel like they are experiencing what you're describing. This type of writing is often used in creative writing, but it can also be used in non-fiction to make a topic more engaging.Example: The sun was setting over the ocean, casting a warm glow across the sky. The waves crashed against the shore, sending sprays of salty water into the air. The sand was cool and damp beneath my feet as I walked along the beach, watching the seagulls soar overhead.2. Persuasive Writing。

Persuasive writing is all about convincing the reader to agree with your point of view. It's about presenting astrong argument and using evidence to support your claims. This type of writing is often used in advertising,political speeches, and opinion pieces.Example: Vaccinations are crucial for the health of individuals and society as a whole. Not only do theyprotect individuals from serious illnesses, but they also prevent the spread of diseases to others. The benefits of vaccinations far outweigh any potential risks, and it isour responsibility to protect ourselves and those around us by getting vaccinated.3. Narrative Writing。

四种英文写作文体

四种英文写作文体English:There are four main types of writing styles in English: expository, descriptive, persuasive, and narrative. Expository writing is a type of writing that is used to explain, inform, or describe. It provides information on a specific topic in a clear and concise manner. Descriptive writing, on the other hand, is used to create a vivid image of a person, place, object, or event. It focuses on using sensory details to paint a picture in the reader's mind. Persuasive writing aims to convince the reader to agree with the writer's point of view or take a specific action. It uses logic, reason, and emotional appeals to sway the reader's opinion. Lastly, narrative writing tells a story and typically follows a chronological order. It can be used to entertain, inform, or express personal experiences.Translated content:有四种主要的英文写作风格：论述性，描述性，说服性和叙事性。

描述性作文英语的手法

描述性作文英语的手法英文回答：Descriptive writing is a genre of writing that aims to create a vivid and detailed sensory experience for the reader. It employs a range of techniques to evoke emotions, paint pictures, and transport the reader into the scene.Imagery: Descriptive writing heavily relies on sensory imagery to create a multi-dimensional experience for the reader. Writers use vivid and specific language to engage the five senses, allowing readers to see the setting, feel the textures, hear the sounds, taste the flavors, and smell the aromas.Figurative Language: Similes, metaphors, and other figures of speech enhance descriptive writing by creating imagery and evoking associations. They provide fresh perspectives and make the writing more engaging and memorable.Diction: The choice of words is crucial in descriptive writing. Writers select specific nouns, verbs, and adjectives that convey precise meanings and contribute to the overall tone and mood of the piece.Syntax: The arrangement and structure of sentences can also enhance the descriptive effect. Long, flowing sentences create a sense of immersion and allow for detailed descriptions, while shorter, punchier sentences add emphasis and focus.Organization: Descriptive writing can be organized in various ways, such as chronologically, spatially, or thematically. The organization helps guide the reader through the scene and create a coherent flow.Transitions: Smooth transitions help connect different elements of the description and prevent the writing from becoming disjointed. Writers use transitional words and phrases to create flow and ensure that the reader follows the progression of the scene.Sensory Details: Descriptive writing often focuses on capturing specific sensory details that evoke a particular response from the reader. These details can transport the reader into the scene and make the writing more immersive.Figurative Language (Continuation): Figurative language goes beyond similes and metaphors. Personification, hyperbole, and other devices can add depth and complexityto the description, creating unexpected and thought-provoking connections.Sensory Details (Continuation): Sensory details are not limited to direct descriptions. Writers can also useindirect references to invoke sensations throughassociation and imagination.Crafting the Scene: Descriptive writing involves more than just listing sensory details. Writers carefully craft the scene, using techniques such as juxtaposition, contrast, and emphasis to create a specific atmosphere and convey a deeper meaning.Example: "The sun hung low in the sky, casting an ethereal glow over the desolate landscape. As the wind howled like a banshee, sand swirled in the air, obscuring the once-familiar horizon."中文回答：描述性写作手法。

中考英语作文分为几类

中考英语作文分为几类
中考英语作文通常可以分为以下几类
1. 叙事类Narrative Writing这类作文要求考生叙述一个事件或故事通常需要使用过去时态。

考生需要描述事件的背景发展过程以及结果。

2. 描述类Descriptive Writing描述类作文要求考生详细描述一个人地方物品或场景。

这需要使用形容词和副词来描绘细节。

3. 议论文Argumentative Writing这类作文要求考生就某一话题或问题表达自己的观点并提供理由和证据支持自己的观点。

4. 说明文Expository Writing说明文要求考生解释一个概念过程或事物。

这通常需
要使用定义分类比较和对比等方法。

5. 应用文Applied Writing应用文包括书信电子邮件通知邀请函等实用文本。

这类
作文需要考生掌握一定的格式和语言规范。

6. 故事续写Story Continuation考生需要根据给定的故事开头继续创作故事的发展
和结局。

7. 看图作文Picturebased Writing考生需要根据所提供的图片内容发挥想象力写出与图片相关的作文。

8. 图表作文Chartbased Writing考生需要根据图表中的数据或信息写出分析或解释
性的文章。

9. 提纲作文Outlinebased Writing考生根据给出的提纲扩展成一篇完整的作文。

10. 开放性作文Openended Writing这类作文给考生较大的自由度可以根据自己的理解和想象来写作。

每种类型的作文都有其特定的写作技巧和结构要求考生在准备中考英语作文时应该熟悉这些类型并练习各种类型的写作。

描述性作文英语的手法

描述性作文英语的手法英文回答：Descriptive writing is a form of writing that focuses on describing a person, place, object, or event in detail. It aims to create a vivid picture in the reader's mind by using sensory details such as sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. This type of writing often appeals to thereader's emotions and imagination, allowing them to experience the subject through the writer's eyes.One common technique used in descriptive writing is the use of vivid and specific language. Instead of simply stating that a place is beautiful, a descriptive writer might use words like "breathtaking," "serene," or "majestic" to paint a more detailed picture for the reader. By choosing the right words, the writer can create a more engaging and immersive experience for the reader.Another important technique in descriptive writing isthe use of figurative language, such as similes, metaphors, and personification. These literary devices help to createa more vivid and imaginative description by comparing the subject to something else or giving it human-like qualities. For example, instead of saying that a storm is loud, awriter might use a metaphor like "the thunder roared like a lion" to convey the intensity of the storm.In addition to using language effectively, descriptive writing also relies on the writer's ability to observe and notice details. A good descriptive writer pays attention to the small things that others might overlook, such as theway sunlight filters through the leaves of a tree or the sound of waves crashing against the shore. By including these sensory details in their writing, the writer canbring the subject to life for the reader.Overall, descriptive writing is a powerful tool for engaging readers and creating memorable experiences. By using vivid language, figurative language, and detailed observations, writers can transport their readers to new worlds and evoke strong emotions. It allows readers to see,hear, smell, taste, and touch the world through the eyes of the writer, making for a truly immersive reading experience.中文回答：描述性作文是一种侧重于详细描述人物、地方、物体或事件的写作形式。

英语作文写作的风格有哪些

英语作文写作的风格有哪些Styles of writing in English compositions。

When it comes to writing in English, there are various styles that writers can adopt to convey their message effectively. Each style has its own unique characteristics and is used in different contexts depending on the purpose of the writing. In this essay, we will explore some of the most common styles of writing in English compositions.1. Descriptive writing。

Descriptive writing is a style that focuses on creating a vivid picture in the reader's mind. It uses sensory details such as sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch to paint a clear image of a person, place, or thing. Descriptive writing is often used in creative writing, such as poetry and fiction, to bring the reader into the world of the story.Example:The sun dipped below the horizon, casting a warm golden glow over the tranquil lake. The water shimmered like a thousand diamonds, reflecting the colors of the sky. Theair was filled with the sweet scent of blooming flowers, and the sound of birds chirping in the distance created a symphony of nature.2. Narrative writing。

英文写作Descriptive Writing

Description or Descriptive WritingPure description1 is like a painting when time stands still. A pen, however, is mightier than an artist’s painting brush. W hile a painting can appeal to only one sense (sight), skillful descriptive writing can appeal to all our 5 senses (sight, smell, hearing, taste and touch). In narration or story telling, on the other hand, time does not stand still, it moves with the events described. Good narration brings a still painting to life and action, the things described begin to move about and interact. Description may exist independent of narration, but narration cannot exist apart from description. Therefore, you may write a purely descriptive passage, but you cannot write a purely narrative passage. As narration depends on description, we begin our study of rhetorical patterns with description.Description itself is the record of our five senses in vivid language. Generally, descriptive and narrative writing go hand in hand. For example, read the following opening lines from the famous novel of Gone with the Wind.Scarlett O’Hara was not beautiful, but men did not realize this when caught by her charm2 as the Tarleton twins were. Her eyes were green, and her skin was that soft white skinwhich Southern women valued so highly, and covered so carefully from the hot Georgia sun with hats and gloves.On that bright April afternoon of 1861, sixteen-year-old Scarlett sat in the cool shadows of the house at Tara, her father’s plantation3. Stuart and Brent Tarleton sat at each side of her.They were friendly young men with deep red-brown hair, and were clever in the things thatmattered in north Georgia at that time – growing good cotton, riding well, shooting and behaving like a gentleman.They looked across the red earth of Gerald O’Hara’s land, which stretched away as far as the eye could see. The white house was like an island in a wild red sea, the earth blood-coloredafter the rains of recent weeks.From Penguin Readers Series Now, reread this passage again and locate the the lines and phrases hat you feel are descriptive rather than narrative, i.e., words that respond to your senses.Most probably your underlined lines match the following:1.Scarlett O’Hara was not beautiful, but men did not realize this when caught by her charm2.Her eyes were green, and her skin was that soft white skin3.sixteen-year-old Scarlett sat in the cool shadows of the house at Tara4.They were friendly young men with deep red-brown hair, and were clever in the things …[like] growing good cotton, riding well, shooting straight and behaving like a gentleman.5.They looked across the red earth of Gerald O’Hara’s land, which stretched away as far as theeye could see. The white house was like an island in a wild red sea, the earth blood-coloredafter the rains of recent weeks.If we study these five examples closely, we shall find that there are three distinctive features that make them descriptive, and they are Qualities, Details, and Comparisons.Qualities, details and comparisons are the three pillars on which any description is based, be it person, place or thing. So it is worthwhile to have a little detailed look at these three elements of description. Qualities1description comes from the Latin descriptio, from root of describere "write down, transcribe, copy, sketch," from de- "down" + scribere "write".2 attraction3 a large farm, especially in a hot part of the world, on which a particular type of crop is grownYou may begin your description with qualities using words (usually adjectives and adverbs) to describe the nouns and verbs. Wherever possible, use vivid nouns instead of attaching descriptions (“coward” rather than “frightened person,” “mansion” rather than “large house”). Qualities make for a good descriptive beginning; however, qualities are not specific, they are vague and abstract. Words such as beautiful, charming, friendly or clever alone are not enough for readers to have a clear view of the picture that you are trying to paint before them; these words must be substantiated by details if you want your readers to see, feel, and experience the object or scene or feeling that you wish to focus on. In other words, qualities leave your picture blurred; details bring your picture into sharp focus.DetailsDetails strengthen the description and make it come alive. Details can be grouped in two classes: Sensory and Factual Details.Sensory details enable readers to experience a word picture through five senses. When you read, “Scarlett O’Hara was not beautiful, but men did not realize this when caught by her charm…,” you see the heroine, but only dimly; so the writer improves the image and brings it into sharper focus by adding details which we can experience by our senses. She tells us:“Her eyes were green, and her skin was that soft white skin which Southernwomen valued so highly, and covered so carefully from the hot Georgia sunwith hats and gloves.”Here the added details verify and clarify the fact that Scarlett’s charm overrode her simple looks; men fell for her “green eyes and soft white skin.” Here words and phrases for specific colors (green, white), or touch (soft, hot) are not vague but concrete; they respond to our different senses. In our example, the writer primarily appeals to our sense of sight (green eyes, white skin) and sense of touch (soft white skin, the hot Georgia sun). But details may serve just as well, if less frequently, to appeal to our other senses. For example, the writer might have gone on and said, “Her voice had the sparkle of a mountain stream”, thus appealing, in addition to our sense of sight and touch, to our sense of hearing as well.In contrast to sensory details,factual details refer to exact information. They normally answer such questions as Who? What? Where? How? Details of this nature provide names, dates, places, numbers, measurements, or statistics. For example, in our example passage, exact facts about the age (sixteen year old), name (Scarlet O’Hara) place (Georgia) and date (that April 1861) enable us to visualize a vivid portrait of the heroine of the novel in ou r mind’s eye.ComparisonWe often resort to comparison to describe something when qualities or details fail us, or we find them too inadequate for the purpose at hand. For example, describing his heroine, the great Indian poet Kalidasa says, “She look ed like a confused doe (female deer) lost in a dense jungle.” Here, the poet’s comparison takes the reader to the world of fancy and imagination without actually giving the details or the qualities of the heroine.Comparisons are either figurative or literal. The comparison that we have mentioned in the previous paragraph is figurative, for we know that the described woman is not a doe. Two familiar figurative comparisons are the simile and the metaphor. The simile makes a comparison by asserting that something is like something else (“the house was like an island in wild red sea”), while a metaphor implies the comparison (“the earth blood-colored after the rains of the recent weeks”). A literal comparis on differs from the figurative in that the comparison could prove to be literally or actually true (“he was dressed so formally as though he was going to a royal reception”). Literal comparisons usually begin with as if or as though.Comparisons usually support visual images, but comparisons are useful in directing attention toward the other senses, as in this sentence:She uttered a shrill whistle, beginning high in the scale and descending slowly as itfaded into silence, like the siren of an ambulance on the edge of the neighborhood.We compare not only nouns, verbs too can be used metaphorically, and thus they become descriptive/figurative verbs: “the train thundered,” “his anger exploded,” “the engine chokes, jolts, and gently stops.”Experimenting with Figurative LanguageComparison is the essence of figurative language. Try drawing your own comparisons, metaphors. Choose a common adjective and use it to create “as … … as” analogy (e.g., as wild as a summer storm). Or use the word like to write and create mental picture qualifying a noun (e.g., her eyes were like red coals). Avoid clichés, overused or trite expressions such as “neat as a pin.” If the expression easily leaps to mind, it is probably a cliché. For example, some clichés that describepeople include:•As old as the hills - describes someone very old•Fit as a fiddle - describes someone in great shape•Without a care in the world - describes someone with no worries• A diamond in the rough - describes someone who has a great future.•Brave as a lion - describes a fearless person.•Weak as a kitten - describes a weak person.Think of fresh, original descriptive words and comparisons. Moreover, find idioms or proverbs inyour language that function figuratively, not literally. For exa mple, “Speak softly for even wallshave ears,” or “Trust in God, but tie up your camel.” These two expressions come from Hindi/Urdu and Arabic; used suitably in proper context such translations will add punch to your writing.Sensory ImpressionsSkillful writers blend different sense impressions in their writing, thus making their descriptions vivid and natural. In the following excerpt, the great American writer Mark Twain, recalling his uncle’s farm, dwells on all the five senses. As you read th e passage, label the words and phrases that appeal to different senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.As I have said, I spent some part of every year at the farm until I was twelve or thirteenyears old. The life which I led there with my cousins was full of charm, and so is the memory of it yet. I can call back the solemn twilight and mystery of the deep woods, the earthy smells, the faint odors of the wild flowers, the shine of rain-washed leaves, the rattling clatter of drops when the wind shook the trees, the far-off hammering of wood-peckers and the muffled drumming of wood pheasants in the remoteness of the forest, the snapshot glimpses of disturbed wild creatures hurrying through the grass – I can call it all back and make it as real as i t ever was, and as blessed. … I cansee the woods in their autumn dress … I can hear the sound made by the fallen leaves as we walked through them. I can see the blue clusters of wild grapes hanging among the growth of the young trees, and I remember the t aste of them and the smell. … I can feel the thumping rain upon my headof hickory nuts, and walnuts when we were out in the frosty dawn to scramble for them with the pigs, and the gusts of wind loosed them and sent them down. I know the stain of blackberries, and how pretty it is, and I know the stain of walnut shells, and how little it minds soap and water …From Mark Twain’s AutobiographyWriting Activity #1: A FruitChose a fruit from the following list, and using each of your five senses, produce descriptive details about your chosen fruit. It would be helpful if you have the object before you, perhaps a picture from your smartphone or computer. Here is a model for you to copy.AppleSight:It is almost spherical, either red or light yellow outside but pure white inside.Touch: A fresh apple is always firm.Smell: It has a very mild, pleasant fragrance, unlike lemon which has rather a strong smell.Taste: It tastes sweet with a little sour punch in it.Hearing: When you bite into it, it produces a mild crunchy sound.1.Watermelon2.Avocado3.Banana4.Blackberry5.Cantaloupe6.Cherry7.Coconut8.Cranberry9.Date10.Durian11.Eggplant12.Fig13.Grape14.Grapefruit 15.Guava16.Kiwi fruit17.Kumquat18.Lemon19.Lime20.Loquat21.Lychee22.Mango23.Melon24.Cantaloupe25.Honeydew26.Watermelon27.Nectarine28.Orange29.Clementine30.Mandarin31.Pamelo32.Papaya33.Passionfruit34.Peach35.Pear36.Persimmon37.Pineapple38.Pomegranate39.Pomelo40.Raspberry41.Star fruit42.StrawberryOrganizing a DescriptionArrangement of DetailsDescriptive writing is like shooting a scene. A skillful cinematographer or an experienced video camera operator knows beforehand in what order he is going to shoot the scene. Further, he also avoids rushing or jerking the camera, pausing on details that he wants to emphasize; he uses long shots and close-ups to create the desired effect.In your descriptive writing you should follow this technique. You should have a clear pattern of organization to guide the reader. Allow each sentence to linger over a certain feature or group of related patterns before you begin your next sentence, which will dwell on an adjoining portion of the scene.Methods of OrganizationThree common methods of organization are: space order, time order and order of importance. For example, if the object you intend to describe is a landscape, you may use space order to support your details. You may proceed from left to right, top to bottom, foreground to horizon, or just in opposite order. If the object is a room or other contained space, you may move more systematically around the area, examining each part in turn – walls, windows, floor, ceiling, etc.Space OrderThe writer of the following paragraph has organized her details according to space order. She begins at the front (tight steps in front, front door, front yard), moves back (out back) and then moves from the outside to the inside (ordinary hall stairs, only one washroom, share a bedroom).But the house on Mango Street is not the way they told it at all. It’s small and red with tight steps in front and windows so small you’d think they were holding their b reath. Bricks are crumbling in spaces, and the front door is so swollen you have to push hard to get in. There is no front yard, only four little elms the city planted by the curb. Out back is a small garage for the car we don’t own yet and a small yard th at looks smaller between the two buildings on either side.There are stairs in our house, but they’re ordinary hallway stairs, and the house has only one washroom. Everybody has to share a bedroom – Mama and Papa, Carlos and Kiki, me and Nanny.- Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango StreetTime OrderSometimes a description follows a time sequence, or chronological order. A writer might for example, portray the changes in a woodland setting as winter gives way to spring and spring, in turn begins summer. As an example of time order organization read the following paragraph in which the writer describes the scene through different seasons.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.- Rachel Carson, Silent SpringOrder of ImportanceIn order of importance the writer saves the most important item till the last, so it is also known as “saving the best till last.” It is a way to put emphasis on the most interesting or important detail by placing it in the last part of a paragraph or in the final supporting paragraph of an essay. It is felt that the last item creates the maximum effect on the reader.Effective description depends as much on inclusion as on exclusion. If you include every detail it becomes a boring inventory rather than interesting description. Select details carefully that specifically point toward a dominant impression or mood (feeling) that you are trying to create. This impression may be identified or left unnamed for the reader to infer. For example, suppose you want to portray the bleakness of a farmhouse, or you want to say that your friend’s dormitory was messy, or the old judge appeared merciless. You would need to confirm each of these dominant impressions that will support the bleakness, the messiness, or the mercilessness, while other qualities, details, and comparisons not essential to the dominant impression have to be ignored altogether.Notice how in the following paragraph the writer conveys his mood of utter helplessness at the appalling conditions of his detention cell. Also note the order in which he presents the different items of his cell, cobwebs dangling from the ceiling, walls streaked with dust, soot covered bulb, damp floor. Each image produces the mood of utter desolation against which he is completely helpless.I looked around the room, and my heart sank. Spider webs hung from the ceiling; theonce whitewashed walls were yellow with age and streaked with dust. The single naked bulb was coated with dirt and extremely dim. Patches of the cement floor were black with dampness. A strong moldy smell pervaded the air. I hastened to open the only small window, with its rusted iron bars. To reach it, I had to stand on tiptoes. When I succeeded in pulling the knob and the window swung open, flakes of peeling paint as well as a shower of dust fell to the floor. The only furniture in the room was three narrow beds of rough wooden planks, one against the wall, the other two stacked one on top of the other. Never in my life had I been in or even imagined a place so primitive and filthy.From Nien Cheng’s autobiography, Life and Death in ShanghaiWriting Activity#2: A PlaceWrite several paragraphs on any one of the following subjects. Before you begin your paragraph take a pencil and paper and spend some time in a place such as the following. Make notes, concentrating onone sense at a time. Begin by observing what you see; then jot down the precise impressions you receive. Now do the same for impressions of touch, taste, smell, and sound.1.Marillac Room 3052.Your room3.The campus library in the morning/evening/afternoon4. A NYC subway station5.Union Turnpike6.Marillac Cafeteria7.Central Park8. A waiting room at a clinic or hospital9. A fast-food restaurant in NYC10. A locker room after the winning or loss of an important game11. A museum in NYC12.Chinatown in Manhattan13.Times Square14. A supermarket in QueensWriting Activity #3: PersonFollowing the steps you used in the previous two writing activities, write a brief paragraph about a person you know well. When you describe a person, you often talk about such details as age, clothes, and physical details. Read the following three very brief details about three persons and notice how these details are used to create a pen-portrait.Paragraph AShe was about twenty-five. But her dress, schoolgirl’s clothes, made her seem much younger than her age; she wore a pale sweater and a grey flannel skirt. Her face was framed by thick hair, in a color midway between blonde and brown, and held by a black velvet band. The skin was fine, and she had large, rather beautiful dark blue eyes, with long colorless lashes.Adapted from Lewis Percy by Anita BrookerParagraph BHe saw a tall, handsome woman dressed with careful and expensive informality in a black cashmere sweater with a silk scarf at the throat and fawn trousers. … It was a distinguished face with deep-set, widely-spaced eyes beneath straight brows, a well-shaped, rather secretive mouth and strong, graying hair swept upwards and curled into a bun.Abridged from Devices and Desires by P. D. JamesParagraph C"When he walked he moved cautiously but firmly; his long arms and giant hands swung down by his side. He walked with even tread, the inner sides of his feet being parallel. He put his whole foot flat down on the ground at once, not landing on the heal; he likewise lifted his foot all at once, not rising from the toe, and hence he had no spring to his walk. His walk was undulatory (rising and falling) - catching and pocketing fatigue, weariness, and pain, all up and down his person, and thus preventing them from locating. The first impression of a stranger, or a man who did not observe closely, was that his walk implied shrewdness and cunning - that he was a tricky man; but in reality it was the walk of caution and firmness."William Herndon on Lincoln。

英文写作中的四大写作类型thetypesofwriting

英文写作中的四大写作类型thetypesofwriting中文写作类型主要分为四大类别：记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文。

其中，小学阶段主要要求写记叙文，因为记叙的材料一般都比较具体，初学写作的人比较容易把握。

在英文写作中呢？也是分为四大写作类型 the types of writing。

Expository说明性，说明文Descriptive描述性，描写文Persuasive说服性，议论文Narrative叙述性，记叙文。

英文分类中没有应用文，但有描写文。

因为，英文写作的这四大分类，是根据写作的目的进行归类的。

无论采取哪种文体，如散文、商业材料、小说、文章、信件，甚至是日记中写笔记，但实际上只有四种写作的目的，按写作目的区分的写作类型中的每一种都有不同的目标，它们都需要不同类型的写作技巧。

应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的，在处理公私事务时经常使用的实用性文体，是保证人们日常生活和工作正常运转的重要工具，是人际交往中必不可少的重要文体。

是国家机关、政党、社会团体、企业事业单位在日常工作、生活中处理各种事务时，经常使用的具有明道、交际、信守和约定成俗的惯用格式文体。

应用文是一种格式文体，是一种工具，而不是写作的目的。

说明文写作Expository writingexpository 这个词包含了expose这个词，所以 expository 是这种写作类型的恰当描述的原因是它暴露或阐述了事实。

这是最常见的写作类型。

在一篇说明性文章中，将介绍一个主题并按照逻辑顺序进行布局，而不参考作者的个人观点。

说明文写作可以在这些地方找到：教科书、新闻（观点和社论文章除外）、商务写作、技术写作、随笔说明。

所有这些类型的写作都是说明性的，因为它们旨在解释和告知。

例如： the municipal government of Happyville unanimously approved the construction of sixtu-two miles of bike trails in 2017. Made possible by a new tax levy, the bike trails are expected to help the city reach its sustainability and clean air goals while reducing traffic and congestion. Eighteen trailheads with restrooms and picnic areas have been planned at a variety of access points. The city expects construction to be complete in April 2021.因为这一段为读者提供了关于其主题的事实和数据，新的自行车道，没有提供作者对此的意见，它是说明性的。

描述叙述的英文作文

描述叙述的英文作文英文：Descriptive writing is a form of writing that aims to describe a person, place, thing, or event in detail. It is a type of writing that requires the writer to use sensory details to create a vivid picture in the reader's mind. The purpose of descriptive writing is to provide the reader with a clear and detailed understanding of what is being described.To write a good descriptive essay, it is important to use descriptive language that appeals to the reader's senses. This means using words and phrases that create a vivid mental picture of what is being described. For example, instead of saying "the room was messy," you could say "clothes were strewn across the floor, empty pizza boxes were piled high on the table, and the air was thick with the scent of stale cigarettes."Another important aspect of descriptive writing is the use of figurative language, such as similes and metaphors. These devices help to create a more vivid and engaging description. For example, instead of saying "the sunset was beautiful," you could say "the sky was painted with streaks of orange and pink, like a canvas that had been set ablaze."In addition to using sensory details and figurative language, it is also important to organize your descriptive essay in a logical and coherent manner. This means starting with a clear introduction that sets the tone for the rest of the essay, and then using body paragraphs to provide detailed descriptions of the subject. Finally, you should conclude your essay with a strong and memorable closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.中文：描述性写作是一种旨在详细描述人、地方、事物或事件的写作形式。

英语二作文有几种

英语二作文有几种在英语教学中，英语作文通常被分为几个不同的类型，以帮助学生理解不同写作任务的要求。

以下是一些常见的英语作文类型：1. Narrative Writing (叙述性写作)叙述性写作要求学生讲述一个故事或事件。

这种类型的作文通常包括人物、地点、时间和情节发展。

2. Descriptive Writing (描述性写作)描述性写作要求学生详细描述一个场景、物品或人物。

它强调使用感官细节来帮助读者在心中形成画面。

3. Expository Writing (说明性写作)说明性写作用于解释或阐述一个概念、过程或主题。

它通常包括定义、分类、比较和对比。

4. Persuasive Writing (说服性写作)说服性写作旨在说服读者接受作者的观点或采取某种行动。

这种类型的作文需要逻辑论证和情感诉求。

5. Argumentative Writing (论证性写作)论证性写作要求学生提出一个论点，并提供支持该论点的证据和理由。

它需要批判性思维和有效的论证技巧。

6. Reflective Writing (反思性写作)反思性写作要求学生思考并表达个人的经历、感受和想法。

它通常用于个人成长和自我认识。

7. Comparative Writing (比较性写作)比较性写作涉及比较两个或更多的对象、概念或观点，以展示它们的相似之处和不同之处。

8. Analytical Writing (分析性写作)分析性写作要求学生深入研究一个主题或文本，识别其组成部分，并分析它们之间的关系。

9. Creative Writing (创意写作)创意写作鼓励学生发挥想象力，创作故事、诗歌或剧本等原创作品。

10. Process Writing (过程写作)过程写作描述一个过程或一系列步骤，通常用于说明如何完成一个任务或活动。

每种类型的作文都有其特定的结构和写作技巧，教师在教学中会根据学生的年龄和能力水平，逐步引导他们掌握这些技能。

基础英语教学 Descriptive Writing

The writer has also used the word ‘haunting’.
‘haunting’ suggests something mysterious or frightening.
With this one word the writer has introduced a sense of mystery. Just what is happening in the picture?
Beyond the low, wooden bridge the old lock sleeps .
Adjectives – ‘low, wooden and old’ - used to describe the bridge and the lock. Verb / Personification – ‘sleeps’– The writer has made the lock seem human.
Look at the picture again closely.
Then read Description A & Description B.
Description A
Beyond the bridge is an old lock.
Description B
Beyond the low wooden bridge the old lock sleeps, forgotten and motionless as if trapped by the strange, haunting trees that surround it.
Think about the descriptions. Which one do you like the

英语作文段落写作方式分析

英语作文段落写作方式分析Title: Analyzing Writing Styles in English Composition。

Introduction:Writing is a powerful tool that allows individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and emotions. In English composition, writers adopt various writing styles to effectively convey their message to the readers. This essay aims to analyze different writing styles commonly used in English composition, exploring their characteristics and providing examples to illustrate their usage.Body:1. Descriptive Writing:Descriptive writing aims to create a vivid and detailed picture in the reader's mind. Writers use sensory details, figurative language, and vivid adjectives to bring theirsubject to life. For example, in the sentence, "The golden sun slowly sank below the horizon, casting a warm glow across the tranquil sea," the writer uses descriptive language to paint a vivid image of a serene evening.2. Narrative Writing:Narrative writing tells a story and engages the reader by creating characters, setting, and plot. Writers use dialogue, descriptive language, and chronological order to captivate the reader's attention. For instance, "Once upon a time in a faraway land, there lived a brave knight named Sir Arthur. He embarked on a perilous quest to rescue the princess from the clutches of the evil sorcerer," showcases narrative writing by introducing characters, setting, and conflict.3. Persuasive Writing:Persuasive writing aims to convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint or take a specific action. Writers use logical arguments, evidence, and emotional appeals topersuade their audience. For example, "It is imperativethat we take immediate action to combat climate change. Our planet's future is at stake, and it is our responsibility to protect it for future generations," demonstrates persuasive writing by presenting a compelling argument and appealing to the reader's sense of responsibility.4. Expository Writing:Expository writing provides information, explains a concept, or clarifies a topic. Writers use facts, examples, and logical reasoning to educate their readers. For instance, in an essay about the benefits of exercise, the writer may explain the different types of exercises, their impact on physical and mental health, and providestatistics to support their claims.5. Reflective Writing:Reflective writing allows writers to express their thoughts, feelings, and personal experiences. It often involves introspection and self-analysis. Writers usepersonal anecdotes, emotions, and introspective language to engage the reader. For example, "As I stood on the stage, my heart pounded with nervousness. However, as I began to speak, I felt a surge of confidence and realized that public speaking was not as daunting as I had feared," showcases reflective writing by sharing personal experiences and emotions.Conclusion:In English composition, writers employ various writing styles to effectively communicate their ideas and engage the reader. Descriptive writing creates vivid images, narrative writing tells captivating stories, persuasive writing convinces the reader, expository writing provides information, and reflective writing allows for personal expression. By understanding and utilizing these different writing styles, writers can effectively convey their message and leave a lasting impact on their readers.。

描写文-descriptive-writingPPT课件

(smell). She took it from the bowl, her
fingers closing around the firm smooth skin
(touch) as she lifted it to her lips. The apple
crunched loudly (sound) as her teeth cut
bitter.
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Example Two
• The scar on his chin only shows up in a certain light. (sight)
• He wears too much aftershave(须后水). (smell)
• The kiwi fruit tastes acid. (taste)
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If you were going to describe biting into an apple, you would not simply say:
"He bit into the apple and it tasted good".
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Descriptive writing would convey the same sentence as follows:
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The apple was bright green, its skin
polished and shining as it nestled in the fruit
bowl (sight). The scent was fresh, as though
the fruit had just been plucked from the tree

20-21版：Writing—Descriptive writing：description of

Writing—Descriptive writing：description of a tourist attraction本单元的写作任务是介绍旅游景点，是说明文的一种。

注意事项：1．说明要介绍的旅游景点是什么，具有哪些重要性和突出性特点。

2．注意文章的结构：开头一般先说明景点的位置；然后介绍景点的路线和风景；最后对景点进行总结评价。

3．找准时态和人称。

常用一般现在时；人称通常用第一人称和第三人称。

1．It lies/is located/situated...in /on /to...2．The city has/covers/takes up an area of...square metres.3．Surrounded by mountains on three sides，the small village faces a clear river on the east. 4．It is a famous street with a history of over...years.5．The places around our city are rich in natural resources.6．Wherever you go，there are plenty of activities to choose from.7．The place is well-known/famous for its seafood and fresh fruit.8．It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world.9．The weather there is pleasant.It’s neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter.根据以下提示写一篇关于伦敦的旅游景点介绍。

20-21版：Writing—Descriptive writing：favourite sport

Writing—Descriptive writing：favourite sport写作指导本单元的写作话题是“描写最喜欢的运动”，在体裁上属于说明文。

描写自己或他人最喜欢的一项运动时，应主要使用说明的方法，也可以穿插一些记叙和议论。

写这类作文，要注意说明的语言和顺序。

一、注意事项1．结构：在结构上，宜采用三段式，即总→分→总的结构。

先说明自己最喜欢的运动，然后说明最喜欢的理由，即该项运动带来的好处，最后做一个简单的总结。

2．时态：通常用一般现在时，具体情况具体分析，采用恰当的时态。

3．语言：运用生动形象、简洁明了的语言。

二、主体框架1．开头——对某项运动的总体认识。

2．主体——描述该项运动的运动规则，中间可适当加些议论。

3．结尾——该项运动的好处。

三、常用句式(一)开头部分1．Of all the sports，I like basketball best.2．Volleyball is my favorite sport.3．If you ask me which sport I like best，I have to say the swimming.4．The first time I saw ping-pong，I fell in love with it.(二)主体部分1．I like playing basketball because it is like our lives full of competition.2．At the age of 10，I showed great interest in basketball.3．Whenever I have time，I will go to the playground to practice running.4．I’m planning to take part in a ping-pong club，where I can learn a lot from others.(三)结尾部分1．I hope in the future I can compete in the Olympic Games as a swimmer.2．I really want to be a basketball player in the national basketball team when I grow up.3．I became stronger and healthier by playing football.请你根据以下提示以“The Sport I Like Best”为题用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。