高级英语嗜丑之欲 The Libido for the Ugly

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高级英语一第5课课件the_libido_for_the_ugly

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A cynic is a person who believes that all men are selfish. He sees little or no good in
anything and shows this by making unkind and unfair remarks about people and things.
2007/4
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Introduction to the Passage

•Emotional description: The Libido for the Ugly is a piece of subjective, impressionistic or emotional description. Description conveys the sensations, emotions and impressions that affect a writer experiencing a person, place, object or idea. The writer describes what hesees, feels or tastes, and it often includes his emotional reactions to the physical sensations of the experience.
好冷嘲人生者，是個當他聞到花香之時就會四處找尋棺材的人。
)
Mencken's Creed

I believe that religion, generally speaking, has been a curse to mankind - that its modest and greatly overestimated services on the ethical side have been more than overcome by the damage it has done to clear and honest thinking. I believe that no discovery of fact, however trivial, can be wholly useless to the race, and that no trumpeting of falsehood, however virtuous in intent, can be anything but vicious. I believe that all government is evil, in that all government must necessarily make war upon liberty... I believe that the evidence for immortality is no better than the evidence of witches, and deserves no more respect. I - But the whole thing, after all, may be put very simply. I believe that it is better to tell the truth than to lie. I believe that it is better to be free than to be a slave. And I believe that it is better to know than be ignorant. He jeered at American sham, pretension, provincialism, and prudery, and he ridiculed the nation‘s organized religion, business and middle class.

高级英语第七课The+Libido+for+The+Ugly

Chen Huanhong
– He helped to found and edit two literary magazines which were highly influential among intellectuals.
1)The Smart Set 2) The American Mercury
Chen Huanhong
• In caustic, witty essays, he derided (mocked) the institution which supported the middle class. He enjoyed controversy and tried to arouse his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks.
Chen Huanhong
• A few years later, he joined the staff of its rival newspaper, the Baltimore Sun or Evening Sun, first as a reporter, then as its drama critic and editor, a position which he held until 1941.
Chen Huanhong
• 1) He hated narrow-minded religion. He believed strongly in intellectual freedom and fought all attempts to censor literature and drama. He felt that the greatest threat of censorship came from the country's religion "fundamentalists", whose opinions were all based on their interpretation of the Bible.

(完整版)高级英语(1)第三版Lesson5TheLibidofortheUglyParaphraseTranslation答案

Paraphrase1. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke (para 1 )2. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para 3)3. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para 3)4. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para 3)5. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para 4)6. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. ( para 4)7. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para 5)8. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. (para5)9. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para 6)10. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly (para 7)11. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para 7)12. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para 9)参考答案1. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.2. The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.3. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.4. These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.5. When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.6. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.7. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.8. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.9. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.10. People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.11. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.12. The place where this psychological attitude is found is the United States.Translation1. 上海世博会的文化多样性是世界上有史以来最为丰富的。

高级英语Lesson5修辞The Libido for the Ugly

Theme: The innate love of ugliness in US is a pathological(病态的) problem. dreadful, hideous, bleak, appalling,
forlorn, revolting, macabre, monstrousness, leprous, misshapen, dingy, loathsome, obscene, putrid, ghastly, leprous, uremic, eczematous
Inversion
Parallelism
repetition
transferred epithet
Synecdoche 提喻 Rhetorical question
Speech Contents
Hyperbole in L5
superlative
(Para 1) “the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth” (Para 1) “Here was wealth ….disgraced a race of ally cats.（流浪猫）”
Emphasizing
Definition of Hyperbole :
A deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.
Hyperbole in L5:
They amplify both prosperity and ugliness of Westmoreland, which provoke the curiosity and imagination of readers.

the libido for the ugly爱丑之欲

他在墙上乱刻乱画而损坏了墙壁。
to deface a bond 注销债券 to deface the record 抹去录音
8
It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle class to mere inadvertence, or to the obscene humor of the manufactures. (para.7)
先生！你的话简直是无礼。
5
It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of honor. (para.6)
mere Used when you are saying that a particular thing is enough to have an influence on that situation. masterpiece (n.) an extremely good painting, novel, film, or other work of art, an outstanding achievement
柯赛特已经习惯于自己的离奇费解的命运。
12
The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A. Guest. (para.7) dogmatic theology 教条神学 Dogmatic (adj.) being certain that your beliefs are right and refuse to consider that other opinions might also be justified. In summary, dogmatic attitudes about each of these approaches should be avoided if they are to be combined.

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 5 The Libido for t

Lesson 5 The Libido for the Ugly一、词汇短语1. libido n. the psychic and emotional energy associated withinstinctual biological drives欲望2. desolation n. the state of being abandoned orforsaken; loneliness荒芜，荒废，荒凉：He found the old house in completedesolation.他发现那间旧房子十分荒凉。

3. lucrative adj. producing wealth; profitable获利的，赚钱的：a lucrative marketing strategy一套赢利的市场策略4. hideous adj. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly令人讨厌的，难看的，丑陋的：They’re not like dogs; they’re hideous brutes.它们不像狗，它们是丑陋的畜牲。

5. forlorn adj. wretched or pitiful in appearance or condition可怜的，悲惨的；凄凉的：forlorn roadside shacks凄凉的路边栅屋6. macabre adj. suggesting the horror of death and decay;gruesome恐怖的，令人毛骨悚然的：macabre tales of war and plague战争和瘟疫的恐怖景象7. computation n. the act or process of computing计算8. abominable adj. unequivocally detestable; loathsome讨厌的，令人憎恶的：Murder is the most abominable crime.凶杀是最可恶的犯罪。

高级英语嗜丑之欲 The Libido for the Ugly

A peculiar writing skill; outline an image of pathological eccentricity(病态怪癖)， very thought-provoking.
The title “the libido for the ugly” is very arresting.
why does the author use “libido” rather than “desire” in the title? Why to use “the libido”, but not “the love”? Why to use “the ugly”, but not “for the beautiful”?
adj: hideous, abominable nouns: abomination, horrors, monstrousness. adv +adj: dreadfully hideous; intolerable bleak -ing+n.: revolting monstrousness.
Eg: grime, soot, fifth dirt.(to describe dirt)
2.Emphatic words:
Eg: all every, one and all, not a single, not one, without break, unbroken, the most, mere, downright.
2.Bombastic style and acid tongue
Use figures of speech: --hyperbole --metaphor --simile -- over-rhetorical --sarcasm --ridicule and irony

高级英语The Libido for the Ugly 单词

词汇(Vocabulary)libido (n.) : psychic energy generally；specifically，a basic form of psychic energy，comprising the positive。

loving instincts manifested variously at different stages of personality development欲望----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lucrative (adj.) : producing wealth or profit；profitable；remunerative有利可图的；赚钱的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hideous (adj.) : horrible to see,hear,etc.;very ugly or revolting;dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------forlorn (adj.) : in pitiful condition；wretched；miserable可怜的；悲惨的；不幸的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------macabre (adj.) : gruesome；grim and horrible；ghastly可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的；恐怖的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------computation (n.) : the act of computing；calculation 计算----------------------------------------------------------------------------------abominable (adj.) : nasty and disgusting；vile；loathsome讨厌的，可恶的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------alley (n.) : a narrow street or walk；specifically，a lane behind a row of buildings or between two rows of buildings that face on adjacent streets胡同；小巷；小街----------------------------------------------------------------------------------filth (n.) : disgustingly offensive dirt，garbage，etc．污秽，污物；垃圾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------allude (v.) : refer in a casual or indirect way(随便或间接)提到，涉及；暗指----------------------------------------------------------------------------------monstrousness (n.) : strange shape奇形怪状----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lacerate (v.) : tear jaggedly；mangle(something soft，as flesh)；wound or hurt(one’s feelings，etc．)deeply；distress撕裂；割碎(肉等软组织)；伤害(感情等)；使…伤心----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pretentious (adj.) : making claims，explicit or implicit，to some distinction，importance，dignity，or excellence自负的；自命不凡的；自大的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------linger (v.) : continue to stay，esp．through reluctance to leave逗留(尤指不愿离开)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------downright (adv.) : thoroughly；utterly；really彻底地，完全地；真正地----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dormer (n.) : a window set upright in a sloping roof屋顶窗----------------------------------------------------------------------------------leprous (adj.) : of or like leprosy；having leprosy麻风的；似麻风的；患麻风病的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------rat—trap (n.) : a trap for catching rats捕鼠夹(子)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------misshapen (adj.) : badly shaped；deformed奇形怪状的；畸形的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------uncomely (adj.) : having unpleasant appearance不美观的，不好看的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------grime (n.) : dirt，esp．sooty dirt，rubbed into or covering a surface，as of the skin(尤指经摩擦而深入或覆盖皮肤等表面的)积垢；污秽----------------------------------------------------------------------------------gully (n.) : a channel or hollow worn by running water; small，narrow ravine沟壑，狭沟，冲沟----------------------------------------------------------------------------------chalet (n.) : a type of Swiss house，built of wood with balconies and overhanging eaves(瑞士的木造)农舍，山上小舍----------------------------------------------------------------------------------highpitched (adj.) : steep in slope said of roofs)(屋顶)坡度陡的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dingy (adj.) : dirty-colored；not bright or clean；grimy不干净的；不明亮的；弄脏的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------clapboard (n.) : a thin，narrow board with one edge thicker than the other，used as siding护墙板，隔板----------------------------------------------------------------------------------preposterous (adj.) : so contrary to nature，reason，or common sense as to be laughable；absurd；ridiculous反常的；乖戾的；十分荒谬的；愚蠢的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pier (n.) : a heavy column，usually square. used to support weight，as at the end of an arch 角柱；支柱----------------------------------------------------------------------------------cemetery (n.) : a place for the burial of the dead；graveyard公墓，墓地；坟场----------------------------------------------------------------------------------swinish (adj.) : of or like a swine；beastly；piggish；coarse，etc．猪(似)的；鄙贱的；粗俗的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------perpendicular (adj.) : exactly upright；vertical. straight up or down垂直的；矗立的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------precarious (adj.) : uncertain；insecure；risky不稳定的；不安全的；危险的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------eczematous (adj.) : of itching skin disease湿疹的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------patina (n.) : a fine crust or film on bronze or copper．usually green or greenish—blue，formed by natural oxidation and often valued as being ornamental(青铜器上的)绿锈----------------------------------------------------------------------------------uremia (n.) : a toxic condition caused by the presence in the blood of waste produts normally eliminated in the urine and resulting from a failure of the kidneys to secrete urine尿毒症----------------------------------------------------------------------------------loathsome (adj.) : causing loathing；disgusting；abhorrent；detestable讨厌的；厌恶的；令人作呕的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------laborious (adj.) : involving much hard work；difficult. industrious；hard—working费力的；困难的；勤劳的；辛苦的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------incessant (adj.) : never ceasing；continuing or being repeated without stopping or in a way that seems endless：constant不停的，连续的；不间断的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------decompose (v.) : break up or separate into basic components or parts；rot分解；(使)腐烂，(使)腐败----------------------------------------------------------------------------------forsake (v.) : give up；renounce(a habit，idea，etc．)；leave；abandon抛弃，放弃(思想、习惯等)；遗弃；背弃----------------------------------------------------------------------------------malarious (adj.) : of fever conveyed by mosquitoes疟疾的；空气污浊的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hamlet (n.) : a very small village小村庄----------------------------------------------------------------------------------incomparable (adj.) : no beyond comparison；unequalled；matchless无与伦比的，举世无双的；无敌的，无比的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------titanic (adj.) : of great size，strength，or power巨大的；力大无比的；有极大权力的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------aberrant (adj.) : turning away from what is right，true，etc．：deviating from what is normal or typical与正确或真实情况相背的；偏离常规的；反常的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------uncompromising (adj.) : not compromising or yielding；firm；inflexiable；determined不妥协的；坚定的；不让步的；坚决的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------inimical (adj.) : 1ike an enemy；hostile；unfriendly；adverse；unfavorable敌人似的；敌对的；不友好的；相反的；不利的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ingenuity (n.) : cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机智；创造力，独创性；熟练----------------------------------------------------------------------------------grotesquery (n.) : the quality or state of being grotesque奇形怪状；怪诞----------------------------------------------------------------------------------retrospect (n.) : a looking back on or thinking about things past；contemplation or survey of the past回顾，回想；追溯----------------------------------------------------------------------------------diabolical (adj.) : of the devil or devils；fiendish恶魔的；残忍的，凶暴的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------concoct (v.) : devise，invent，or plan计划，策划；虚构，编造----------------------------------------------------------------------------------insensate (adj.) : not feeling，or not capable of feeling，sensation无感觉的，无知觉的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------brute (n.) : an animal；a person who is brutal or very stupid，gross，sensual，etc．畜生；笨蛋，粗野的人----------------------------------------------------------------------------------abomination (adj.) : great hatred，and disgust；anything hateful and disgusting憎恨，厌恶；令人讨厌的东西----------------------------------------------------------------------------------putrid (adj.) : decomposing；rotten and foul—smelling腐烂的，腐败的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------deface (v.) : spoil the appearance of；disfigure；mar损坏…的外表；丑化----------------------------------------------------------------------------------inadvertence (n.) : the quality of being inadvertent；oversight；mistake掉以轻心，粗心大意；疏漏；错误----------------------------------------------------------------------------------obscene (adj.) : offensive to one’s feelings，or to prevailing notions，of modesty of decency；lewd；disgusting猥亵的；诲淫的；可憎的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------unfathomable (adj.) : which cannot be understood；which cannot be reached不可理解的；深不可测的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------enigmatical (adj.) : of or like an enigma；perplexing；baffling谜一般的，谜似的；不可思议的，费解的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------dogmatic (adj.) : of or like dogma；doctrinal教条(主义)的；教义的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------edifice (n.) : a building，esp．a large，imposing one建筑物；尤指大型建筑物，大厦----------------------------------------------------------------------------------depravity (n.) : a depraved condition；corruption；wickedness堕落，腐化，腐败----------------------------------------------------------------------------------penthouse (n.) : a small structure，esp．one with a sloping roof，attached to a larger building 小棚屋，(尤指靠在大楼边上搭的)披屋----------------------------------------------------------------------------------lust (n.) : a desire to gratify the senses；bodily appetite欲望；贪欲----------------------------------------------------------------------------------etiology (n.) : the assignment of a cause，or the cause assignment本源，原因(的说明)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------pathological (adj.) : of pathology；of or concerned with diseases病理学的；病理上的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------短语(Expressions)border upon : to be like；almost be相近，类似例：His emotion is bordering upon hysteria．他的情绪接近歇斯底里。

LESSON 7：The Libido for the Ugly 补充练习题

C. a metal structure
D. a large basket
31. perpendicular
A. vertical
B. straight
C. upright
D. all the above
B. powerful
C. timid
D. panic
23. aberrant
A. incorrect
B. obstinate
C. unusual
D. normal
C. control
D. hurt
18. forlorn
A. movable
B. liberal
C. deserted
D. divided
19. streak
D. analysis of the past
27. pathology
A. the study of religion
B. the study of philosophy
C. the study of disease
C. picturesque
D. charming
26. retrospect
A. thought about the future
B. contemplation of the past
C. examination of the present
24. inimical
A. favourable
B. intimate
C. comical
D. hostile
25. grotesque
A. strange
B. graphic

高级英语第三版第一册Lesson 5 the libido for the ugly

About the author

• He was a prolific writer of his day.
•--- - his prose is as clear as an azure sky --- --his rhetoric as deadly as a rifle shot
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956) was the first American to be widely read as a critic. Though, earlier, James Lowell and Edgar Allan Poe had been better endowed with critical intelligence, their proficiency in other literary forms had obscured to some degree their skills as critics. Mencken was born in Baltimore, Md., on Sept. 12, 1880, and privately educated there. After graduation from Baltimore Polytechnic institute at the age of 16, he became a reporter on the Baltimore Herald. He rose rapidly; soon he was the Herald‘s city editor.
About the author
In 1906 Mencken joined the organization known as the Sun papers, which he served in a variety of ways until his retirement. His outstanding piece of journalism, widely syndicated, concerned the Scopes trial of 1925 in Tennessee, in which a high school instructor was prosecuted for teaching evolution, contrary to the law. The Smart Set（时髦者） and The American Mercury（美国水星）, both of which Mencken shared in editing, were additional vehicles for his opinions.

The libido of the ugly

Henry L.MenckenPennsylvania:located inthe Northeatern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S,and the Great Lakes region,the Appalachian Mountains run through the middle of thestate,Pennsylvania University is one of the Ivy League SchoolSentence 1: On a Winter day some years ago, coming out of Pittsburgh on one of the expresses of the PennsylvaniaRailroad, I rolled eastward for an hour through the coal and steel towns of Westmoreland county.Westmoreland county:a county in southwest Pennsylvania,it is a mining andmanufacturing region.roll: travelPittsburgh: a city in Southwest Pennsylvania and second largest city of it,it is one of the most important industrial cities of America,and a center of rail and river transportation. Termedd the'Steel City' or 'Smoky City', 'the city of bridge'.It is the center of rich bituminous-coal region, producing also natural gas,oil and milestone,a large part of American steel and iron is produced hereSentence 2: It was familiar ground; boy and man, I had been through it often before.as a boybecame an adultParaphrase:As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man I had often traveled through the regionSentence 3: But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.appalling: shocking; extremely baddesolation: the state of a place that is ruined or destroyed and offers no joy or hope to peopleSentence 4: Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth--and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous , so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke .lucrative: producing a large amount of many; making a large profitboast: to have sth that is impressive and that you can be proud ofdreadfully: extremely; very muchbleak: exposed,empty,or with nopleasantmacabre:unpleasant and strange becausemetaphor:comparing this important center of industrial America to the heart of a human bodyhyperbole:exaggerating the richness and grandeur of this region and of America as a whole --the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earthantithetical contrast :the richest and grandest region & hideous.bleak,forlorn scene•Paraphrase:the scene of this place was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that itwas unbearable,this dreadful scene makes all human’s aspiration become a joke.Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.computation: calculationabominable: appalling,disgusting;extremely unpleasant or of very bad qualityally cats: cats live in the street without homehyperbole: wealth was beyond computation and imagination;and habitations so abominable that even homeless cats would have felt ashamed to live in them.antithetical contrast : great wealth & human habitation Paraphrase:the environment of this region was so terrible that even homeless cats would not live in here.Paragraph 2Sentence 1: I am not speaking of mere filth.What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revoltingmonstrousness, of every house in sight.•filth: disgustingly offensive dirt，garbage，etc．•allude : refer in a casual or indirect way•revolting: disgusting•unbroken ugliness: ugliness is continuous and uninterrupted •agonizing ugliness: ugliness that caused great pain to people who saw it•monstrousness: strange shapeSentence 2: From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye.lacerate: to cut skin or fresh with sth sharp.East Liberty: East liberty is a culturally diverse neighborhood in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania’s East endGreensburg: Greensburg is a city in Westmorelandcounty,Pennsylvania’s and part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area.Sentence 3: Some were so bad, and they were among the most pretentious--churches, stores, warehouses, and the like--that they were down-right startling;one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with his face shot away.pretentious : making claim to or creating an appearance of importance or distinction.down-right: complete and without restrictionstartling: so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm.simileSentence 4: A few linger in memory, horrible even there: a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer-window on the side ofa bare leprous hill; the headquarters of the Veterans of Foreign Warsat another forlorn town, a steel stadium like a huge rat-trapsomewhere further down the line. But most of all I recall the general effect--of hideousness without a break.leprous :like leprosy麻风病, having ulcers (溃疡) and white scaly(鳞状的) scabs(疥疮)linger: remain present although waning or gradually dying; forlorn: marked by or showing hopelessness;simileSentence 5: There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was not misshapen,and there was no one that was not shabby.Misshapen(adj): not the normal or natural shape•The repetition of the same structural pattern and the use of double negatives help to emphasize the two words“misshapen”and “shabby”.Paragraph 3Sentence 1:The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of theendless mills. It is, in form, a narrow river valley, with deep gullies running up into the hills.uncomely: improper, uglygrime: soot or dirt, dustSentence 2: It is thickly settled, but not noticeably overcrowded. There is still plenty of room for building, even in the larger towns, and there are very few solid blocks.overcrowded: some places are excessively filled by people, buildings or thingssolid blocks: refers to a group of buildings which settled together extremely tightSentence 3:Nearly every house, big and little, has space on all four sides. Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides-a chalet with a high-pitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.chalet: a kind of small suburbanhousehigh-pitched roof: the roof with abig angle of slopeHere is kind of irony that these architects don’t deserve profession in the region. Because they couldn’t realize the perfect design of the country and built it with chalet clinging the mountains.Sentence 4:But what have they done? They have taken as their model a brick set on end. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof.a brick set on end: meansdingy: dirty-looking, drab, dull-coloredclapboard: a covering to protest the wallSentence 5:And the whole they have set upon thin, preposterous brick piers. By the hundreds and thousands these abominable houses over the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. preposterous: completely unreasonable in manner orappearanceabominable: detestable, very bad or unpleasantcemetery: a burial groundSimileSentence 6 :On their deep sides they are three, four and even five stores high; on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud.swinishly: extremely unpleasant or difficult to deal withSentence 7:Not a fifth of them are perpendicular. They lean this way and that, hanging on to their bases precariously. And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.perpendicular: at right angle to the plane of the ground precariously: not firm or steadyone and all: all of them, completestreak: n.&v. mark with long, thin lineeczematous 湿疹的peep: emerge or come slowly into viewParagraph 4:When it is new it is the color of a fried egg.When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope orcaring.patina:a fine coating of oxide on the surface of a metalfried egg: eggs cooked by sauteing in oil or butter; sometimes turned and cooked on both sidesBut in Westmoreland they prefer that uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye.uremic:of or involving excess nitrogenous waste products in the urine (usually due to kidney insufficiency)loathsome :highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgustParagraph 5Sentence 1: I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.championship: use this word ironically to describe not the best but the worst.laborious:industrious; hardworkingprayer: asking God to help him come to a correct decision.I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the U. S. but also in other countries and after constantly praying God for guidance.Sentence 2:I have seen, I believe, all of the most unlovely towns of the world; they are all to be found in the United States.This sentence use the rhetorical device is the hyperbole Hyperbole is used to strengthen the power of what the author said, so it usually pay attention to express the subjective emotion while pay no attention to tell the objective facts. So it can also express the ridicule.These places are all to be found in the United States.Sentence 4: But nowhere on this earth, at home or abroad, have I seen anything to compare to the villages that huddle along the line of the Pennsylvania from the Pittsburgh yards to Greensburg. They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design.In the author’s eyes, the houses along the Pennsylvania are so terrible that people can’t found worse in everywhere else.Sentence 5:They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. incomparable:beyond comparison; unequaled; matchless.This word has the connotative meaning of superb excellence but Mencken uses it ironically to mean that the color and design were so bad that you couldn’t find any which was worse.Paraphrase:People can’t find such terrible color and design in any otherSentence 6:It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all theingenuity of Hell to the making of them.titanic ：of great strength, size or poweraberrant: unusual and not normal, straying away from the right path; deviating from what is normalgenius: used ironically to mean an evil geniusuncompromising: firm, steadfast , rigidinimical：hostile and harmfulingenuity：inventive skill or imagination; clevernessHell: the powers of evil or darknessparaphrase:It is as if some genius of great power, who didn’t like to do the right things and who was an inflexible enemy of man, employed all the cleverness and skill of hell to build these ugly houses.hyperbole and ironySentence 7:They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical.grotesquerie: strangeness, ugliness怪诞，古怪in retrospect:thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time回想起来diabolical: dreadfulparaphrase:When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.Sentence 8:One cannot imagine mere human beings concocting such dreadful things ,and one can scarcely imagine human bings bearing life in them concoct：to make sth. by mixing or combining partsunconscious , concious,unconsciousParaphrase:One can not imagine that human being s alone could make such dreadful things :There must have been the power of the Devil of work. And one can scarcely imagine people living in these houses and bearing and bringing up children in them or tolerating life in themParagraph 6This paragraph is about to compare the ugly building among America ,the Europe and England. It this way to emphasize how ugly the American’s building was.Sentence 1: Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners --dull, insensate brutes, with no love of beauty in them?insensate: devoid of feeling and consciousnessbrute: a person who is brutal or very stupid，gross etcRhetorical sentence--Are the houses so frightfully ugly because the valley is inhabited by a lot of foreigners who are stupid and unfeeling like animals and who have no love of bearty inthem?characterized by beauty of movementsuggesting taste, ease, and wealthThis is sentence can shows that even the farmers in Spain who are almost focus on sowing wanted their house to be graceful and charming. It is a contrast, to satirize some people who pursue the ugliness in their life, though they are live in the big city..The peasants, however poor, somehow manage to makethemselves graceful and charming habitations, even in Spain.Sentence 5Sentence 6:But in the American village and small town the pull is always toward ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion.pull:drawing force, appealyield: to give inSarcasmTo compare the village between America and England. We can draw the conclusion. America is uglier. But when compare to the Westmoreland valley, the author use the words”eagerness, passion ”can totally show the crazy of the people who lived there. So the Westmoreland is the ugliest.Sentence 7mere ：means onlyhorror:a feeling of great shock,fear,and worry caused by something extremely unpleasant.sarcasm and irony.It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.In other word,this sentence can emphasize that Westmoreland is the ugliest spot.It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror .Paragraph 71.On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be apositive libido for the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.positive: complete; definiteless Christian: pagans---a person who is not a believer in Christianity; heathen; agnosticAntithesis the libido of the uglythe libido of the beautifulLanguage points:Mencken mocks at the Christians and attacks their code of behavior. The Christians are supposed to have the qualities of love, kindness, humility, etc. but Mencken thinks they do not know what is beautiful. However it is pagans not Christians know what is beautiful.2.It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces theaverage American home of the lower middle class to mereinadvertence, or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers.put down: attribute...to; state that sth is caused by stheg: I put his bad temper down to his illness.deface: to spoil the surface or appearance of sth, especially by writing on it or breaking itinadvertence: carelessness; do sth unintentionally without thinking or realizing; paying no attention toobscene: nasty; dirty; wanton; indecentIt is impossible to attribute the wallpaper that makes the average American home of the lower middle class so ugly tomere oversight or to the indecent taste of the manufactures.3.Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuinedelight to a certain type of mind.ghastly: horrible•sarcasm•sense of humor4.They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.unintelligible: impossible to understand unfathomable: too difficult to understand obscure: vague; not clearly understood※These ugly desighs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of minds.5. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as thetaste for dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A Guest. enigmatical: puzzling; mysterious※the love for ugliness of the people in Westmoreland is mysterious to many people, but common and natural from their point of view dogmatic: opinionatedtheology: the study of the of God; of God’s influence on people and religious beliefsDogmatic theology: the scientific exposition of the entire theoretical doctrine concerning God Himself and his external activity, based on the dogmas of the Church.Edgar Albert Guest•British-born US newspaper poet •immgrated to the US when hewas 10•worked for Detroit Free Press asa reporter•write about daily sentimental rhymes• A Heap O' Livin•optimistic verse on home, mother and the virtue of hardworkThe reason of the ugliness:the Amerian raceParagraph 8Sentence 1:Thus I suspect (though confessedly without knowing) that the vast majority of the honest folk of Westmoreland county, and especially the 100% Americans among them, actually admire the houses they live in, and are proud of them.•folk:people in general.•admire: to respect sb for what they have done,to look at sth and think that it is attractive or i mpressive.Sentence 3:Certainly there was no pressure upon the Veterans of Foreign Wars to choose the dreadful edifice that bears their banner, for there are plenty of vacant buildings along the trackside, and some of them are appreciably better. edifice : a building，esp.a large，imposing onebear: to be able to accept and deal with sth unpleasant.not be suitable for sth.Of course,there are lots of empty buildings along the railway,and some are much more good-looking.So we cannot understand why the Veterans of Foreign Wars chose the horrible building as their office site.Sentence 5: But they chose that clapboardedhorror with their eyes open, and 7havingchosen it, they let it mellow into its presentshocking depravity.With their eyes open: with full understanding of what is involvedMellow: to make full, rich, soft, gentle.Mencken uses this word ironically to mean, “to letdeteriorate, to let it go from bad to worse.”Depravity: the state of being morally corruptedSentence 6: They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.•Parthenon: A beautiful Doric temple built in honorof the virgin (Parthenon) goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athena around 5h century B.C.•Sarcastic tone here indicates their aesthetic sense have been twisted.Sentence 7: In precisely the same way the authors of the rat-trap stadium that I have mentioned made a deliberatechoice:Metaphor here, author implies the ugly style of the building is designed and erected by themdeliberately.。

The Libido for the Ugly 课件讲义

States • This classic was written to clarify the discrepancies between
British and American English and to define the distinguishing characteristics of American English. Mencken’s groundbreaking study was undoubtedly the most scientific linguistic work on the American language to date and continues to serve as a definitive resource in the field.
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
• Born in Baltimore • Privately educated there • Graduated from Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956)
• In his witty and satirical essays, he mocked the institution which supported the middle class. He enjoyed, met and challenged his antagonists with his direct and devastating attacks.
Mencken’s Contributions to the American Language
• Editor, social critic, and longtime journalist with The Baltimore Sun, Mencken inspired many young writers in the 1920s. And though he died more than half a century ago, his rip-roaring, witty, combative, yet graceful style continues to "stir up the animals" and attract fresh admirers.

张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Lesson

张汉熙《⾼级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 5 The Libido for the Ugly⼀、词汇短语1. libido n. the psychic and emotional energy associated withinstinctual biological drives欲望2. desolation n. the state of being abandoned orforsaken; loneliness荒芜，荒废，荒凉：He found the old house in completedesolation.他发现那间旧房⼦⼗分荒凉。

3. lucrative adj. producing wealth; profitable获利的，赚钱的：a lucrative marketing strategy⼀套赢利的市场策略4. hideous adj. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly令⼈讨厌的，难看的，丑陋的：They're not like dogs; they're hideous brutes.它们不像狗，它们是丑陋的畜牲。

5. forlorn adj. wretched or pitiful in appearance or condition可怜的，悲惨的；凄凉的：forlorn roadside shacks凄凉的路边栅屋6. macabre adj. suggesting the horror of death and decay;gruesome恐怖的，令⼈⽑⾻悚然的：macabre tales of war and plague战争和瘟疫的恐怖景象7. computation n. the act or process of computing计算8. abominable adj. unequivocally detestable; loathsome讨厌的，令⼈憎恶的：Murder is the most abominable crime.凶杀是最可恶的犯罪。

[常识]thelibidofortheugly词汇注解

Libido (n.): psychic energy generally；specifically，a basic form of psychic energy，comprising the positive。

loving instincts manifested variously at different stages of personality development欲望lucrative (adj.) : producing wealth or profit；profitable；remunerative有利可图的；赚钱的hideous (adj.) : horrible to see, hear, etc.; very ugly or revolting; dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的forlorn (adj.) : in pitiful condition；wretched；miserable可怜的；悲惨的；不幸的macabre (adj.) : gruesome；grim and horrible；ghastly可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的；恐怖的computation (n.) : the act of computing；calculation 计算abominable (adj.) : nasty and disgusting；vile；loathsome讨厌的，可恶的alley (n.) : a narrow street or walk；specifically，a lane behind a row of buildings or between two rows of buildings that face on adjacent streets胡同；小巷；小街filth (n.) : disgustingly offensive dirt，garbage，etc．污秽，污物；垃圾allude (v.) : refer in a casual or indirect way(随便或间接)提到，涉及；暗指monstrousness (n.) : strange shape奇形怪状lacerate (v.) : tear jaggedly；mangle(something soft，as flesh)；wound or h urt(one’s feelings，etc．)deeply；distress撕裂；割碎(肉等软组织)；伤害(感情等)；使…伤心pretentious (adj.) : making claims，explicit or implicit，to some distinction，importance，dignity，or excellence自负的；自命不凡的；自大的linger (v.) : continue to stay，esp．through reluctance to leave逗留(尤指不愿离开)downright (adv.) : thoroughly；utterly；really彻底地，完全地；真正地dormer (n.) : a window set upright in a sloping roof屋顶窗leprous (adj.) : of or like leprosy；having leprosy麻风的；似麻风的；患麻风病的rat-trap (n.) : a trap for catching rats捕鼠夹(子)misshapen (adj.) : badly shaped；deformed奇形怪状的；畸形的uncomely (adj.) : having unpleasant appearance不美观的，不好看的grime (n.) : dirt，esp．sooty dirt，rubbed into or covering a surface，as of the skin(尤指经摩擦而深入或覆盖皮肤等表面的)积垢；污秽gully (n.) : a channel or hollow worn by running water; small，narrow ravine沟壑，狭沟，冲沟chalet (n.) : a type of Swiss house，built of wood with balconies and overhanging eaves(瑞士的木造)农舍，山上小舍high-pitched (adj.) : steep in slope said of roofs)(屋顶)坡度陡的dingy (adj.) : dirty-colored；not bright or clean；grimy不干净的；不明亮的；弄脏的clapboard (n.) : a thin，narrow board with one edge thicker than the other，used as siding护墙板，隔板preposterous (adj.) : so contrary to nature，reason，or common sense as to be laughable；absurd；ridiculous反常的；乖戾的；十分荒谬的；愚蠢的pier (n.) : a heavy column，usually square. used to support weight，as at the end of an arch角柱；支柱cemetery (n.) : a place for the burial of the dead；graveyard公墓，墓地；坟场swinish (adj.) : of or like a swine；beastly；piggish；coarse，etc．猪(似)的；鄙贱的；粗俗的perpendicular (adj.) : exactly upright；vertical. straight up or down垂直的；矗立的precarious (adj.) : uncertain；insecure；risky不稳定的；不安全的；危险的eczematous (adj.) : of itching skin disease湿疹的patina (n.) : a fine crust or film on bronze or copper．usually green or greenish—blue，formed by natural oxidation and often valued as being ornamental(青铜器上的)绿锈uremia (n.) : a toxic condition caused by the presence in the blood of waste products normally eliminated in the urine and resulting from a failure of the kidneys to secrete urine尿毒症loathsome (adj.) : causing loathing；disgusting；abhorrent；detestable讨厌的；厌恶的；令人作呕的laborious (adj.) : involving much hard work；difficult.；industrious；hard—working费力的；困难的；勤劳的；辛苦的incessant (adj.) : never ceasing；continuing or being repeated without stopping or in a way that seems endless：constant不停的，连续的；不间断的decompose (v.) : break up or separate into basic components or parts；rot分解；(使)腐烂，(使)腐败forsake (v.) : give up；renounce(a habit，idea，etc．)；leave；abandon抛弃，放弃(思想、习惯等)；遗弃；背弃malarias (adj.) : of fever conveyed by mosquitoes疟疾的；空气污浊的hamlet (n.) : a very small village小村庄incomparable (adj.) : no beyond comparison；unequalled；matchless无与伦比的，举世无双的；无敌的，无比的titanic (adj.) : of great size，strength，or power巨大的；力大无比的；有极大权力的aberrant (adj.) : turning away from what is right，true，etc．：deviating from what is normal or typical与正确或真实情况相背的；偏离常规的；反常的uncompromising (adj.) : not compromising or yielding；firm；inflexible；determined不妥协的；坚定的；不让步的；坚决的inimical (adj.) : 1ike an enemy；hostile；unfriendly；adverse；unfavorable敌人似的；敌对的；不友好的；相反的；不利的ingenuity (n.) : cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机智；创造力，独创性；熟练grotesquery (n.) : the quality or state of being grotesque奇形怪状；怪诞retrospect (n.) : a looking back on or thinking about things past；contemplation or survey of the past回顾，回想；追溯diabolical (adj.) : of the devil or devils；fiendish恶魔的；残忍的，凶暴的concoct (v.) : devise，invent，or plan计划，策划；虚构，编造insensate (adj.) : not feeling，or not capable of feeling，sensation无感觉的，无知觉的brute (n.) : an animal；a person who is brutal or very stupid，gross，sensual，etc．畜生；笨蛋，粗野的人abomination (adj.) : great hatred，and disgust；anything hateful and disgusting憎恨，厌恶；令人讨厌的东西putrid (adj.) : decomposing；rotten and foul—smelling腐烂的，腐败的deface (v.) : spoil the appearance of；disfigure；mar损坏…的外表；丑化inadvertence (n.) : the quality of being inadvertent；oversight；mistake掉以轻心，粗心大意；疏漏；错误obscene (adj.) : offensive to one’s feelings，or to prevailing notions，of modesty of decency；lewd；disgusting猥亵的；诲淫的；可憎的unfathomable (adj.) : which cannot be understood；which cannot be reached不可理解的；深不可测的enigmatical (adj.) : of or like an enigma；perplexing；baffling谜一般的，谜似的；不可思议的，费解的dogmatic (adj.) : of or like dogma；doctrinal教条(主义)的；教义的edifice (n.) : a building，esp．a large，imposing one建筑物；尤指大型建筑物，大厦depravity (n.) : a depraved condition；corruption；wickedness堕落，腐化，腐败penthouse (n.) : a small structure，esp．one with a sloping roof，attached to a larger building小棚屋，(尤指靠在大楼边上搭的)披屋lust (n.) : a desire to gratify the senses；bodily appetite欲望；贪欲etiology (n.) : the assignment of a cause，or the cause assignment本源，原因(的说明) pathological (adj.) : of pathology；of or concerned with diseases病理学的；病理上的border upon : to be like；almost be相近，类似例：His emotion is bordering upon hysteria．他的情绪接近歇斯底里。

(精品word)Thelibidofortheugly课文翻译

爱丑之欲几年前的一个冬日，我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡,向东行驶一小时，穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都。

这是我熟悉的地方，无论是童年时期还是成年时期，我常常经过这一带。

但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕。

这儿正是工业化美国的心脏，是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲—-然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。

这儿的财富多得无法计算，简直都无法想象—-也是在这儿，人们的居住条件又是如此之糟，连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞。

我说的不仅仅是脏.钢铁城镇的脏是人们意料之中的事。

我指的是所看到的房子没有一幢不是丑陋得令人难受，畸形古怪得让人作呕的。

从东自由镇到格林斯堡，在这全长25英里的路上，从火车上看去，没有一幢房子不让人看了感到眼睛不舒服和难受。

有的房子糟得吓人，而这些房子竞还是一些最重要的建筑——教堂、商店、仓库等等。

人们惊愕地看着这些房子，就像是看见一个脸给子弹崩掉的人一样。

有的留在记忆里，甚至回忆起来也是可怕的：珍尼特西面的一所样子稀奇古怪的小教堂，就像一扇老虎窗贴在一面光秃秃的、似有麻风散鳞的山坡上；参加过国外战争的退伍军人总部，设在珍尼特过去不远的另一个凄凉的小镇上。

沿铁路线向东不远处的一座钢架，就像一个巨大的捕鼠器。

但我回忆里出现的三要还是一个总的印象—-连绵不断的丑陋。

从匹兹堡到格林斯堡火车调车场,放眼望去，没有一幢像样的房子。

没有一幢不是歪歪扭扭的，没有一幢不是破破烂烂的.尽管到处是林立的工厂，遍地弥漫着烟尘，这一地区的自然霉仟并不差。

就地形而论,这儿是一条狭窄的河谷,其中流淌着一道道发源自山间的深溪.这儿的人口虽然稠密，但并无过分拥挤的迹象,即使在一些较大的城镇中，建筑方面也还大有发展的余地。

这儿很少见到有高密度排列的建筑楼群,几乎每一幢房屋，无论大小，其四周都还有剩余的空地.显然,如果这一地区有几个稍有职业责任感或荣誉感的建筑师的话，他们准会紧依山坡建造一些美观雅致的瑞士式山地小木屋——一种有着便于冬季排除积雪的陡坡屋顶，宽度大于高度,依山而建的低矮的小木屋。

第五课爱丑之欲的翻译

爱丑之欲几年前的一个冬日，我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡，向东行驶一小时，穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都。

这是我熟悉的地方，无论是童年时期还是成年时期，我常常经过这一带。

但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕。

这儿正是工业化美国的心脏，是其最赚钱、最典型活动的中心，世界上最富裕、最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲--然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕，凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受，以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的、令人沮丧的笑料。

这儿的财富多得无法计算，简直都无法想象--也是在这儿，人们的居住条件又是如此之糟，连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞。

我说的不仅仅是脏。

钢铁城镇的脏是人们意料之中的事。

我指的是所看到的房子没有一幢不是丑陋得令人难受，畸形古怪得让人作呕的。

从东自由镇到格林斯堡，在这全长25英里的路上，从火车上看去，没有一幢房子不让人看了感到眼睛不舒服和难受。

有的房子糟得吓人，而这些房子竞还是一些最重要的建筑--教堂、商店、仓库等等。

人们惊愕地看着这些房子，就像是看见一个脸给子弹崩掉的人一样。

有的留在记忆里，甚至回忆起来也是可怕的：珍尼特西面的一所样子稀奇古怪的小教堂，就像一扇老虎窗贴在一面光秃秃的、似有麻风散鳞的山坡上;参加过国外战争的退伍军人总部，设在珍尼特过去不远的另一个凄凉的小镇上。

沿铁路线向东不远处的一座钢架，就像一个巨大的捕鼠器。

但我回忆里出现的三要还是一个总的印象--连绵不断的丑陋。

从匹兹堡到格林斯堡火车调车场，放眼望去，没有一幢像样的房子。

没有一幢不是歪歪扭扭的，没有一幢不是破破烂烂的。

尽管到处是林立的工厂，遍地弥漫着烟尘，这一地区的自然霉仟并不差。

就地形而论，这儿是一条狭窄的河谷，其中流淌着一道道发源自山间的深溪。

这儿的人口虽然稠密，但并无过分拥挤的迹象，即使在一些较大的城镇中，建筑方面也还大有发展的余地。

这儿很少见到有高密度排列的建筑楼群，几乎每一幢房屋，无论大小，其四周都还有剩余的空地。

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