“过去分词”之作定语、表语、宾补

“过去分词”之作定语、表语、宾补
[讲一讲]
一、过去分词作定语时，常指已完成的动作且与所修饰词之间为被动关系。

一般来说,如果是单个的过去分词，则放在所修饰词前，若是一个过去分词短语，则放在所修饰词后。

二、过去分词作表语时，往往表示一种状态，而被动语态则表示一个动作。

三、过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示被动或完成，作宾补的过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

常见的可以接过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词，使役动词以及leave, keep, want等。

另外，在with的复合结构中，也可以接过去分词。

如：
With his homework finished, Peter went out to play football. 功课做完后，彼得出去踢足球了。

过去分词作宾补的特殊用法：
have / get sth. done结构的三种意义：
1. 使得某事被做（自己做）；
2. 让/请别人做某事；
3. 遭遇某种情况。

如：
Look at your dirty clothes; you’d better get them washed.
瞧你那脏衣服，你最好去洗洗。

（自己洗）
I will have my long hair cut short tomorrow.
我明天要去把我的长头发剪短。

（别人剪）
I had my purse stolen on the bus.
在公交车上，我的钱包让人给偷了。

（遭遇某种情况）
[练一练]
I. 翻译下列词组或句子。

1. 一个满意的微笑
2. 惊恐的一瞥
3. 一副惊讶的表情
4. 你应该设法让人听懂你的话。

5. 他在百货大楼让人修好了电视机。

6. 我想让此事立刻得到解决。

II. 下面的补语都应该用过去分词来充当吗？请试试看！
1. I’ll have my photo ______ (take) tomorrow.
2. I want him ______ (finish) the homework in time.
3. With his cell phone ______ (steal), the customer wanted to see the manager.
4. The end of the story left me ______ (puzzle).
5. I turned around because I heard someone ______ (speak) my hometown dialect. III. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

Tom: Hi, you look 1 (tire).
Jerry: I am. I’m totally 2 (burn) out.
Tom: Why? What have you been doing?
Jerry: I’ve been doing my homework all day. I’m getting ve ry 3 (bore) with it. Tom: That’s 4 (disappoint). I think you’ll be 5 (please) when it’s finished.
Jerry: Yes, you’re right. But I still have plenty of work to do. School is too 6 (challenge).
Tom: When do you think you will finish your homework?
Jerry: In about two hours, I think.
Tom: Don’t worry. Just think of how 7 (relax) you’ll be when it’s finished. Key:
I. 1. a satisfied smile 2. a frightened glance
3. a surprised look
4. You should try to make yourself understood.
5. He got his TV set repaired in the department store.
6. I want to have it solved immediately.
II. 1. taken 2. to finish 3. stolen
4. puzzled
5. speaking
III. 1. tired 2. burnt
3. bored
4. disappointing
5. pleased
6. challenging
7. relaxed。