2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理

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2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练(含答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解训练(绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印练习)一AA new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, “the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy,” said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “This study provides a unique setting (背景) to answer the life expectancy question because the (heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（浓度）”, Greenstone said in an email. “Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people’s exposure over long time periods,” he said.The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai River, which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950—1980 period of central planning, and, though disconti nued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留问题） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China’s north differently from the south.The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991—2000. They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.1. The main idea of this passage is that ___________.A. the government provided free coal for heating in North ChinaB. coal burning causes bad air quality across ChinaC. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancyD. a new study finds different particulates in South China2.According to Greenstone, ________ greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.A. power stationsB. construction sitesC. the free heating policyD. gases from vehicles3.It is implied in the passage that _________.A. coal is no longer used for heating in North ChinaB. air quality was comparatively better in South ChinaC. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980sD. people preferred to live in South China after 19804.The underlined word “particulates” most probably means _________.A. dirty cloudsB. particular smokeC. dangerous bacteriaD. harmful dustBThere’s nothing like a good night’s sleep— but what does that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others needmore. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation acknowledges that sleep needs will vary — lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration — but their recommendations offer a general guideline. For example, teenagers (14 —17 years old) need 8—10 hours’ sleep every day.To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations based on a systematic review of the world scientific literature.A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression, and can endanger others. Those that become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them.Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative e ffects. Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still unconvincing and needs more attention. Currently, there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences. There is, however, laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension.5. Which is TRUE about sleeping time?A. Experts’ guideline for sleeping time applies to all the people.B. The time you need for sleep is related to your state of mind.C. The less you sleep, the more productive you are.D. The more you sleep, the more energetic you are.6. How did the National Sleeping Foundation do the research?A. By interviewing different people.B. By consulting other experts.C. By reading lots of articles.D. By doing systematic experiments.7. The research shows that people without enough sleep will _______.A. lose some weightB. drive faster than usualC. dream during their sleepD. eat more food8. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that _______.A. more research on oversleeping is neededB. researchers now agree with those in the pastC. too much sleep may result in social changesD. research on oversleeping is quite convincingCThe term “resume” means a document describing one’s educational qualitifications and professional experience. However guidelines for preparing a global resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the company culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The following list is a good place to start.* In many countries, it is standard procedure to attach a photo or have your photo printed on your resume. Do not attach a photograph to your resume if you are sending it to the United States, though.* Educational requirements differ from country to country. In most case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be enough. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.* Pay attention to the resume format(格式) you use--chronological(时间的) or revers-chronological order. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the revers-chronological format, which means listing your current or most recent experience first.* The level of computer technology and accessibility to the Internet varies from country to country. Even if a company or individual lists an e-mail address, there is no guarantee that they will actually receive your email. Send a paper copy of your resume , as well as the emailed copy, just to make sure that it is received.* If you are writing your resume in English, find out if the receiver uses BritishEnglish or American English because there are variations between the two versions.* Although English is widely accepted today as being the universal language of business, most multinational companies will expect you to speak the language of one of the countries in which they do business, in addition to English. Have your resume prepared in both languages, and be ready for your interview to be conducted in both languages. Most companies will want to see and hear proof of your language skills.* Be aware that paper sizes are different countries. The United States standard is 81/2 by 11 inches, while the European A4 standard is 21 by 29.7 centimeters. When you send your r esume by email, reformat it to the receiver’s standard. Otherwise, when it is printed out, half of your material may be missing.9. From the passage, we learn that ______.A. We can’t list the oldest experience first in a resumeB. Asian countries may have the same standard paper sizeC. A resume can help us know about a person’s personalityD. A person’s educational background should be included in a resume10. The passage is most probably intended for ______ .A. Job hunters that seek careers abroadB. Companies that do international businessC. People that are employed by companies overseasD. Graduates that can speak over one foreign language11. The passage mainly wants to tell us that a global resume should ______.A. Be highly professionalB. Be especially informativeC. Be culturally appropriateD. Be logically chronologicalDHalf of the world’s population lives in areas affected by Asian monsoons（季风）, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.Every summer, moist（潮湿的）air masses, known as monsoon, produce large quantities of rainfall in India, East Asia, Indonesia, Northern Australia and East Africa, which are pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressurearea to the south.According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area date to 1950, too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years travelling across Asia locating trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings（年轮）or circles, inside the trunks of thousands of ancient trees at more than 300 sites.Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document—a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas（地图集）. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry conditions. “If the monsoon bas ically fails or is very weak one year, the trees affected by the monsoon at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the tree chronology（年表）that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability. ”Armed with such a sweeping set of data, researchers say they now can begin to refine climate computer models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding,” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist who is with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’spaleoclimate（古气侯）branch studying weather patterns over the history of the Earth. “So, to get a knowledge of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”12．What’s the passage mainly about?A．The achievements of Edward Cook.B．The necessity of weather forecast.C．A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.D．The effects of Asian monsoons.13．It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because______.A．it is hard to keep long-term climate recordsB．they are formed under complex climate systemsC．they influence many nationsD．there is heavy rainfall in Asia14．According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees_________.A．offer people information about the regional climateB．have a great influence on the regional climateC．determine the regional climateD．reflect all kinds of regional climate information15．What do we know about the research according to Eugene Wahl?A．It will help people prevent droughts and floods.B．It should include information about human life in the past.C．It has analysed moisture models worldwide.D．It is a great achievement in climate science.参考答案A ---CCBDB ---- BCDAC---DACD----CBAD二AWanted, Someone for a KissWe’re looking for producers to join us in the second of London 100FM. You’ll work on the station’s music programmers. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss100.Father ChristmasWe’re looking for a very special person preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit. Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday, 10:30—16:00 Excellent pay.Please contact the Enterprise Shopping Center, Station Parade, Eastbourne. Accountants AssistantWhen you join in them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.Walden District CouncilSoftware TrainerIf you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Ogilvie, Palmlace Limited.1. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who _______.A. is aged between 24 and 40B. may do some training workC. should deal with general dutiesD. can work for about a month2. Which position is open to recent school graduates?A. Producer, London Kiss.B. Father Christmas.C. Accountants AssistantD. Software TrainerBGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.B. People remember well what they learned in childhood.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.4. The author explains the law of overlearning by .A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. using examplesD. making a comparison5. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is .A. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies6. What is the author's opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. It increases students' learning interest.C. It's possible to result in poor memory.D. It's helpful only in a limited way.CBy 2050, a completely new type of human evolve as a result of extremely new technology, behavior, and natural selection. This is according to Cadell Last, a researcher at the Global Brain Institute, who claims mankind is undergoing a major “evolutionary transition”.In less than four decades, Mr. Last claims we will live longer, have children in old age and rely on artificial intelligence to do ordinary and boring tasks. This shift is so significant, he claims, it is comparable to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans. “Your 80 or 100 is going to be so radically differe nt than your grandparents,” Mr. Last says, who believes we will spend much of our time living in virtual reality. Some evolutionary scientists believe this age could be as high as 120 by 2050.Mr. Last claims humans will also demonstrate delayed sexual maturation, according to a report by Christina Sterbenz in Business Insider. This refers to something known as life history theory which attempts to explain how natural selection shapes key events in a creature’s life, such as reproduction. It suggests thatas brain sizes increase, organisms need more energy and time to reach their full potential, and so reproduce less.Instead of living fast and dying younger, Mr. Last believes humans will live slow and die old. “Global society at the moment is a complete mess,” he told MailOnline. “But in crisis there is opportunity, and in apocalypse (启示) there can be transform ation. So I think the next system humanity creates will be far more sophisticated, fair, and abundant than our current civilization.”“I think our next system will be as different from the modern world, as our contemporary world is from the medieval (中世纪的) world. The biological clock isn't going to be around forever,” he added, and said that people could pause it for some time using future technology.The change is already happening. Today, the average age at which a woman in Britain has her first baby has been rising steadily stands at 29. 8. In the US, just one percent of first children were born to women over the age of 35 in 1970. By 2012, that figure rose to 15 percent.“As countries become socio-economically advanced, more and more people, especially women have the option to engage in cultural reproduction,” Mr. Last added. And as well as having more child-free years to enjoy leisure time, he believes artificial intelligence will make up the need for low-skill jobs. We may also spend a large amount of time living in virtual reality. “I’m not quite sure most people have really absorbed the implications of this possibility,” Mr. Last said.His vi ews are detailed in a paper, titled “Human Evolution, Life History Theory, and the End of Biological Reproduction" published Current Aging Science.7. According to Cadell Last, a completely new type of human will appear because of ______.① artificial intelligence ② new technology ③ natural selection ④ mundane tasks⑤ behaviorA. ②③⑤B. ①②③C. ③④⑤D. ①②⑤8. Which statement is compared by Mr. Last to the change from monkeys to apes, andapes to humans?A. We have diseases and die young.B. We spend less time in virtual reality.C. We give birth to a child when we are young.D. We use intelligent robots to do everyday housework.9. The underlined words in the third paragraph most probably mean “______”.A. Reproduction.B. Reproduce less.C. Natural selection shapes key events.D. Organisms need more energy and time to ripen.10. In the next system Mr. Last explained we can infer that ______.A. women are engaged in careers or hobbies instead of giving birth to babiesB. women are engaged in playing computer games rather than workingC. women are engaged in cultural reproduction in place of menD. women are engaged in living in virtual reality without optionsDMost teens can't wait to learn to drive. Not so with me. Driving made me nervous.I didn't get a license until I turned 24 years old. As a result, when I first married, we only had one car and car pooled to work. My husband's hours were different from mine by one hour. I worked earlier. So he dropped me off and went to the diner to drink coffee until work time.Then, in the afternoons, I leisurely walked the three miles to his wo rk place where I waited in his car, reading a book.One day while waiting for him, I noticed the most beautiful Cadillac pull in the lot. It was powder blue and sleek looking. The kind of car you dream about. I was busily admiring the car, when I noticed the driver. Honestly, she was probably the prettiest woman I had ever seen off the movie screen.She pulled into the spot beside our car and it was all I could do not to stare. There was a striking resemblance to Liz Taylor. Jet black hair and alabaster skin. Our eyes made contact and she smiled at me. Her eyes were as blue as the sea, and teeth like aneven row of pearls. She was wearing a light blue shirt that just matched her car. Peeking through her long, softly curled hair I could see gold hoop earrings. They had to be gold to shine like that. A couple of minutes later, a nice looking man came out of the building, entered her car, leaned over and kissed her and she drove away.Sitting there in my jeans, shirt and hair in a pony tail, I wanted to cry. How could some people have it all?Maybe I would have forgotten about her, but the following week, I saw her again. Then it became almost routine to see her about once a week. She seemed friendly and always waved, flashing a big smile. My envy lingered long after she drove away.Many nights when sleep evaded me, I would think about the beautiful lady. I wondered if she and her husband ate out, and where they dined, and what she was wearing. I wanted her to get out of the car and let me see her full length. Did she wear really high heeled shoes and pants, or a skirt.I would get my answers in a couple of weeks.Sitting in our usual parking lot, I was holding my book, watching her over the top of it. She was waiting and when her husband came to the car, she called to him. They spoke a few words and he opened the car door for her to step out. He took her arm and helped her out of the car. I could see very well as she moved to get out. She was wearing a skirt.She haltingly walked around to the passenger side very slowly, leaning on a walking cane. Sitting sideways in the car, she lifted one leg with her hands and then the other one. The beautiful lady had a prosthesis on the left leg and a brace on the right leg. I couldn't w atch them drive away as the tears were blinding me. For weeks I had envied this woman and her way of life, while I had been able to walk three miles to our car!When my husband arrived and found me crying, he immediately asked what was wrong. Through my tears, I told him about the beautiful lady. He said he knew her husband and also knew the story. The beautiful lady and her parents were in a car that either stalled or got caught on the railroad tracks and was hit by a train. Both parents were killed and she was severely injured. She was only 12 years old. The railroadmade a large settlement with her because the crossing had no signals. He explained her car was specially built for her needs as well as the home.I prayed for forgiveness all the way home. The lady I thought had everything I didn't. I realized how lucky I was to have my parents, the ability to walk, run or dance through life and many wonderful things money can't buy. I would not have traded places with the beautiful lady for anything.When you meet a person who seems to be much better off than you, don't be fooled.11. In the afternoons the woman walked three miles to her husband’s work place to___.A. take exercise on the wayB. meet the beautiful ladyC. enjoy the scenery and readingD. wait for her husband12. After seeing the beautiful lady, the woman concluded_______.A. the beautiful lady led a rich and happy lifeB. the beautiful lady liked to show off herselfC. she and her husband must make more moneyD. she shouldn’t have married her husband13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The woman learned that health and family are more important.B. Th e woman was poor and couldn’t afford another car and fancy clothes.C. The woman envied the beautiful lady of her capable husband.D. The woman regretted marrying her husband.14.The underlined word “haltingly”(paragraph 10) probably means________.A. proudlyB. excitedlyC. difficultlyD. steadily15.Which of the following do you think can be the best title of the passage?A. Seeing is believingB. Trust her heart instead of her lookC. Looks can be deceivingD. Fooled by her look阅读理解A---- DC B---- BCAD C----- ADDA D-----DAACC三AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?。

--2020年高中英语时文新闻拓展阅读理解四篇-3(附详答)

2020年高中英语时文新闻拓展阅读理解四篇Passage 1 疫情使“食物银行”面临危机Skyrocketing unemployment due to the coronavirus(新冠病毒) pandemic(大流行病) has been forcing a growing number of Americans to turn to charitable services for assistance as food insecurity among families with children grows. New York City Mission Society(NYCMS) has been serving the city’s most underserved(缺少关爱的) children since 1812. Recently, it has been making food and utility baskets for the children it serves and delivering them during the pandemic.“I can't tell you how desperately these food baskets are needed...In the New York tri-state area, we have a very serious situation because so many residents live at or below the pover ty level,” Shafiroff, a member of NYCMS, told Fox News. “The food bank across the area are very helpful...but the supply and the demand are not working the way they should right now. There is massive demand all over the country --39 million Americans out o f work, and this translates into no food on the table.”Shafiroff noted that a major issue during the pandemic has been getting food to the food banks, especially amid the shutdown of multiple meat processing plants across the country. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration(食品药品管理局) has even temporarily loosened its food labeling policies during the coronavirus pandemic and give producers more flexibility amid food shortages.According to a Brookings analysis, almost 35 percent of households with children said they did not have sufficient food, that's 14 percent higher than during the recession. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Shafiroff is encouraging those who can afford it to make donations to their local food bank. “I know my husband and I recently donated 10,000 meals to Heart of the Hamptons, which is a food bank in the Hamptons, because we feel so strongly about providing food and being part of th e solution,” said Shafiroff. "And of course, 10,000 meals really doesn't mean much when you look at a country with 39 million people out of work, but if we all work tog ether, I believe we can solve this problem.”1 What did New York City Mission Society do to the children ?A Helped children grow happily.B Treated children with coronavirus.C Provided children with food.D Gave children baskets of books.2 What did government do to solve food shortages ?A Gave more food to food banks and Americans who were out of work.B Relaxed policies to enable food production more flexible.C Issued policies to meet the food demand.D Helped Americans to find jobs amid pandemic.3 What does Shafiroff appeal people to do in last paragraph ?A To make donations if people have food or money.B Create more job chances for people.C Work together to fight against the pandemic.D Look after people who are suffering the virus.Passage 2 疫情中的“拥抱帘”创意Sometimes you just want a hug from your grandma. A little girl from Riverside, Calif., wanted to hug her grandparents, but couldn’t because of the coronavirus pandemic, which has forced the family members to keep their distance from each other. Getting creative, 10-year-old Paige created a “hug curtain” using a shower curtain, plastic bags, disposable plates and a hot glue gun. Mom Lindsay Okray, who works as a nurse, supervised the set-up. On Facebook, the proud mom praised about Paige’s idea, which was then set up outside of the grandparents’ front door at home.“Paige saw a video of someone who made this type of ‘blanket’ to hug their family. She put together a list and she designed it so she could hug nana and papa.. this girl is so amazing, and w e were so happy to be able to hug them!!” Lindsay wrote on Facebook, along with photos and video of the girl using the “hug curtain.”In the photos and video of the curtain, the grandparents are seen taking turns giving Paige big hugs. “It might be wet from the Lysol(杀菌剂) wipe,” Lindsay can be heard off-camera saying, once the grandparents open the door. “Oh my God, I love you,” Grandma says, while excitedly embracing her granddaughter. “How cool is this?” she adds. Those on Facebook were equally pleased wi th the creation and praised Paige’s design. “God bless you sweetie. You are a wonderful granddaughter. And very smart,” one person commented. “So cute,” another wrote.“So great!” one person commented, while another simply wrote “Awesome!”Though the “hug” curtain is a sweet gesture, make sure you continue to protect yourself and others from the novel coronavirus by practicing proper hygiene(卫生) like washing your hands, wearing a face mask outside, and maintaining a safe social distancing of 6 feet from others, per guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1 Why did Paige create the “hug curtain” ?A To make use of extra plastic bags.B To give her grandparents hugs.C To post photos and videos on Facebook.D To show her creative talent.2 What is true about the “hug curtain” ?A It was firstly created by Paige.B It was made by Paige’s mother.C It was supposed to be worn.D It was partly made of plastic bags.3 What is the attitude of people on Facebook toward the “hug curtain”?A ComplimentaryB WorriedC UnconcernedD Annoyed4 What is the purpose of the last paragraph ?A Praise the hug curtain one more time.B Remind people to take protective measures.C Show people how to protect themselves.D Tell people how to fight against coronavirus.Passage 3 机器翻译比人工翻译好吗？For me, it was bacon. There I was, standing in the streets of Medellin, Colombia, looking hungrily at a delicious empanada(肉馅卷饼). The sign read 'queso y tocino'. Because I knew some essential Spanish vocabulary, I knew that 'queso' was cheese. But 'tocino'? I typed it into my smartphone translation app. What came back? 'Tocino'. I later learned that means 'bacon' in the local language. Computer-assisted translation is popular. Google Translate, for example, is used by more than 500 million people. But while convenient and easy to use, they are hardly perfect. Now, dropping the odd expression now and again is hardly important on an informal conversational level –as might happen to a tourist on holiday. But in more formal circumstances, such as a medical or legal discussion, the wrong expression can be disastrous. So, can a computer translator ever equal a human?The technology has come a long way. These days, people can wear a 'translation earpiece'. These pick up the foreign terms and translate it directly to the wearer. Andrew Ochoa, chief executive of US start-up Waverly Labs, a producer of one such earpiece, says they work by 'combining a network of algorithms(演算) and speech-recognition technology'. But they have limitations. Firstly, there's a delay while the phrase is translated. How long often depends on the connection strength. Secondly, they aren't able to communicate human emotion well. Human conversation is more sensitive than just the words used. It has tone, attitude, for example. "If you want to create a relationship…you need a human translator to make it sound natural," Zoey Cooper, brand and content director at Wordbank, a global marketing and translation agency, told the BBC.So, while many professional translators do use computer-assisted translation tools to help them with the repetitive nature of translation, context is important. It might work well for a survey or instruction manual, but for important human-to-human speech, and for the time being at least, better to use a translator, or your message might get mistaken or lost in translation.1 What did the author want to buy in Colombia?A some baconB a cheese hamburgerC a cheese and bacon empanadaD a smartphone2 When can a computer-assisted translation error be a big problem?A When a tourist is visiting.B When two doctors are having discussionC When two kids are having fun.D When we are reading a foreign magazine.3 How do translation earpieces work?A They calculate and recognize speech.B They search on the internet.C Humans do the translations behind them.D They translate by using smartphones.4 What are the disadvantages of translation earpieces?A They will show the results at once.B They are quite expensive.C They don’t need high technology.D They can’t express feelings.Passage 4 残疾女孩的创业路When Liu Yanzhi was a teenager, she would secretly apply her mother's lipstick and go out onto the streets in her wheelchair with her younger sister. However, many passersby gave her contemptuous looks, saying that it was silly for a disabled person to wear makeup. Her sister was often embarrassed and asked Liu not to do it. "I was quite angry," said Liu, who has been unable to walk since she contracted a fever when she was 8 months old. "Which law says disabled women can't wear makeup? Every woman has the right to pursue beauty. Wearing makeup makes women like me confident."At age 25, Liu－then a single mother with a baby daughter－used an interest-free loan arranged by the local government to open a beauty salon in her home county in Anhui province. Now, the 31-year-old owns a factory that produces her own brand of cosmetics. Her success did not come easy, though. In 2009, Liu took the gaokao, the annual college entry exam, and won a place at a vocational school(职业学校) in Hefei, Anhui's capital. After touring the campus, she declined the offer. Without her parents, the lack of accessiblefacilities would make her journey between the dormitory and teaching building an real challenge every day. "I lay in bed for three days thinking about what I should do," Liu said. "I dared not cry, because I could see how heartbroken my mother was." Instead, she sold ice cream, tended jewelry stalls and distributed leaflets. Whenever possible, she spoke with other retailers, looking for ways to achieve financial independence. Then, she worked in a local beauty salon for a couple of years. She earned a low wage, but discovered her career, learning massage techniques and how to apply makeup. She also became a qualified beautician and dietitian.In 2012, she obtained a 50,000 yuan ($7,000) loan, rented a street-front shop and opened a beauty salon. In the first two years, the salon lost money. Liu's mother asked her to give up, but she brushed concerns aside and traveled around the country to attend training sessions run by noted beauticians.1 What does the underlined word “contemptuous” probably mean in paragraph 1 ?A admirableB not caringC confusedD not respectful2 Why did Liu declined the offer of a vocational school ?A Because the journey to Anhui’s capital was long and hard.B Because her parents told her to refuse the offer.C Because the daily life on campus was challenging to her.D Because she thought the study was full of challenges.3 How can you describe Liu according to paragraph 3 ?A optimistic and hard-workingB considerate and beautifulC fortunate and strongD clever and thoughtful4 What will be talked about in the following paragraph ?A Liu traveled around the country.B Liu finally made it after training.C Liu went back to school for study.D Liu closed her beauty salon.passage 1 答案：1. C. 根据第一段最后一句，Recently, it has been making food and utility baskets for the children itserves and delivering them during the pandemic，最近，它一直在儿童制作食品和公用设施篮子，并在疫情期间运送这些篮子。

2020年新高考高三英语阅读专练（含答案精析）

2020年新高考高三英语阅读专练（含答案精析）AMumbai’s chefs were quick to spot the latest threat facing India’s economy. As they searched for ingredients in Crawford market, where vendors sell fruit, vegetables and other kitchen staples, they began hearing prices quoted not per kilogram, but per quarter-kilo—a way attempting to mask price increases. Returning from a recent shopping activity, one chef checked off the items rising sharply in price: tomatoes, cabbages, fish, spices—almost every ingredient, in fact, in the Indian cookbook.The vendors had some plausible excuses. The weather has been changeable, and delivery systems unreliable. But although an increase in inflation(通货膨胀) was widely foreseen, the severity of it was not. Consumer prices rose by over 7.3% in December, compared with a year earlier, the biggest jump since July 2014.Various difficulties will complicate the government’s efforts to fight an economic slowdown. India’s GDP grew by only 4.5% in the third quarter compared with a year earlier. That figure would have been as low as 3.1% were it not for a hurried government-spending activity. But any increase in demand could prompt an offsetting response from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the central bank. It may choose to extended stagnation(停滞) so as to avoid the uglier scenery of stagflation(滞胀).Stagflation usually begins with a setback to supply, such as India’s unseasonal rains. These misfortunes both lower output and lift costs. But once prices have increased sufficiently to reflect the short supply, they should in principle stop rising. Some economists expect inflation to begin falling as soon as February. After all, core inflation, which excludes food and fuel prices, remains below 4%.The problem is that before inflation disappears, Indians may start believing it will stay, making it more likely to persist. The RBI’s inflation-targeting framework, which was adopted in 2015, was supposed to fight this tendency. But the framework has “yet to be fully tested”, according to a recent lecture by Raghuram, the former RBI governor who introduced it.1. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?A. To give advice on how to buy cheap ingredients.B. To make an explanation for price increases.C. To lead to the topic by presenting an example.D. To emphasize the hard life of Indian chefs.2. What’s the possible GDP growth rate of India without the government spending?A. 4.5%.B. 7.3%.C. 3.1%.D. 4%.3. Which of the following is NOT true about inflation -targeting framework?A. This framework was believed to control the inflation.B. This framework has been tested to be effective.C. This framework was introduced by the former RBI governor.D. This framework was adopted in 2015.【答案】1～3 CCB【解析】本文是一篇说明文，说明印度国内的通货膨胀问题。

2020年高考英语专题训练系列 3-2 阅读理解记叙文(含答案)

3.2阅读理解记叙文-2020年高考英语专题训练系列(一)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A young woman went to her grandmother and told her about her life and how things were so hard for her. She didn’t know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved, a new one would pop up.Her grandmother took her to the kitchen. She filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire, and soon the pots came to boil. In the first pot she placed carrots, in the second she placed eggs, and in the last she placed ground coffee beans.She let them boil, without saying a word. In about 20 minutes she turned off the burners. She fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. She pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then she spooned up the coffee and placed it in a bowl.Turning to her granddaughter, she asked, “Tell me what you see.” “Carrots, eggs and coffee,” she replied. Her grandmother brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. The grandmother then asked the granddaughter to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard boiled egg. Finally, the grandmother asked the granddaughter to sip the coffee. The granddaughter smiled as she tasted its rich smell then asked, “What does it mean, grandmother?”Her grandmother explained that each of these objects had faced the same adversity: boiling water. Each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and persevering. However, after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior, but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.“Which are you?” she asked her granddaughter.1. What was wrong with the young woman?A. She is poor in cook.B. She found life too difficult for her.C. She could not solve a problem.D. She had a fight with her husband.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. The granddaughter loved the coffee most.B. The grandmother asked her granddaughter to take an egg.C. The granddaughter chose to be someone like the coffee beans.D. One is the man who decides what kind of person he will be.3. The underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 5 most probably means .A. situationB. misfortuneC. adventureD. advantage4. What is the best title of the passage?A. Life Is HardB. Change the WorldC. Carrots, Eggs, or Coffee BeansD. To Be Yourself助读词汇pot n.锅burner n. 炉子sip vt. 啜；小口喝react vi. 反应persevering adj. 不屈不挠的fragile adj.易碎的interior n.内部；本质unique adj.独特的pop up 不然出现ground coffee beans 新磨的咖啡豆fish sth. out 捞出spoon up舀起pull off the shell 剥去外壳be subjected to 遭受；经受(二)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020届高考英语阅读理解(四选一)专题分类特训---阅读3(一)

1、 Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chance are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the Songs on your playlist are much cooler.But here is what scientists found recently: people’s mu sic tastes change as they age, according to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. So it’s likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents’ whether you like it or not.We used to think that culture and personality are the only factors that affect one’s music choice. But researchers at the University of Cambridge, UK, gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years. They noticed that as people age, their social circumstances change, and so does their music taste. There are three musical periods that people pass through as they“mature-intense”,“contemporary” and “sophisticated”. The first period comes in the teenagers years, during which people like intense music such as punk rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as independent individuals. But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyle changes—they socialize more and want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become more fond of contemporary music, such as pop and R&B, which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties.When middle age comes, things have settled down for most people. This period will be dominated by more “sophisticated” music, such as jazz and classical music, as well as more catchy music like country, folk, and blues. “For many, this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family, and there is a requirement for relaxing, emotive music,” Jason Rentfrow, a r esearcher, told The telegraph.But you must be thinking: “Aren’t there old people who are still into rock music?” Of course there are. But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. “We use music for different reasons,” he said, "and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths."1.What can influence peopled musical tastes in the past according to the passage?A.Social circumstances.B.Culture and personality.C.Age.D.All of the above.2.Why do the teenagers like intense music?A.Because they lead a stressful life.B.Because they want to build up their identity.C.Because they have an aggressive goal.D.Because they want to be understood by others.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Old people don't like rock music.B.Music can serve as a reminder.C.Rock music makes old people younger.D.Listening to rock music needs reasons.4.What's the best title of the passage?A.Why do people like music?B.How can you improve your musical talent?C.Why do different people like different music?D.What influences peopled musical tastes?2、Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always hassomething to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests(鸟巢). Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive(收养的) parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.1.A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A.getting closer to its youngB.driving away the adult predatorC.leaving its young in another nestD.pretending to be injured2.By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A.chimps are ready to attack othersB.chimps are sometimes dishonestC.chimps are jealous of the winnersD.chimps can be selfish too3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Do animals lie?B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?C.How do animals learn to lie?D.How does honesty help animals survive?3、Discover Nature Schools programsBecoming Bears (Kindergarten-2 grade)By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons. Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat during the summer, and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠). After learning the skills needed to survive, students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves. (1.5-2 hours)Whose Clues? (3-5 grade)Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals, kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat, avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned, kids will choose one species and tell how they survive in their living places. (3-4 hours)Winged Wonders (3-5 grade)Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological (生态的) role. Students will learn the basics of birds, understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes. Students will do hands-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders, allowing them to attract birds at home.(3-4 hours)Exploring Your Watershed (6-8 grade)We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water quality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem.● Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students.● All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing,sunscreen and insect killers for children.● To take part in a program , please email dcprograms@.1. What can kids do at Becoming Bears?A. Watch bears’ performances.B. Take care of bearsC. Dress up as baby bears to learn about bears.D. Learn how to survive a bear attack.2. Kids who are interested in plants will choose _______________.A. Winged WondersB. Exploring your WatershedC. Becoming BearsD. Whose Clues?3. According to the passage, all the four programs _______________.A. have the same teaching hoursB. have outdoor activitiesC. are offered during summer holidaysD. are designed for primary school students4、 Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. Theclothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “ As a biologist, I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.1.The existence of the ancient microbes relies on ________.A.surrounding insectsB.eating mineralsC.diverse plantsD.absorbing air2.What can we infer about the eaves in Naica from the passage?A.The temperature in the caves is quite low.B.The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.C.The walls are covered by crystals.D.The caves have been explored since they were formed.3.What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?A.Neutral.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.4.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.B.Caves provide living environment for living organisms.C.Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.D.Scientists Discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.5、Teenagers' fitness （健康） is now a major concern，to which physical exercise is very important．It reduces stress and improves fitness．Exercise makes your body strong，and helps you to keep the right body weight．Sports scientists Dr．HelenLopez offers the following advice to teenagers："First，you need to find out your present level （水平） of fitness．Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier．"Dr．Lopez suggests that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle．"Overweight"means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem．"Inactive"mean that the person does not join in many physical activities，but is not seriously overweight．"Active"refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities，but do not have a high fitness level．According to Dr．Lopez，overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy．"Ride a bike，play volleyball or basketball for a while，and go for a twenty-minute walk each day．All these will help to burn calories．"Inactive teenagers should do similar activities，but add some bending and stretching （伸展） exercises，such as push-ups and sit-ups，starting with twenty of each a day．"Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger，"said Dr．Lopez．The same principle applies to （适用于） active teenagers． Dr．Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise，together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities．"These are really important in order to prevent （预防） injuries，"Dr．Lopez said．Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength．1.What can we learn from the passage？ ______A. Active people always have a high fitness level．B. Overweight people always take more exercise．C. Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight．D. Keeping fit means changing teenagers' lifestyle．2.Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why physical exercise is important？ ______A. It can make the teenagers grow taller．B. It can help teenagers become healthier．C. It can help to burn up calories．D. It can increase teenagers’ str ength．3.In order to prevent injuries，you should do some ______ exercises．A. walkinB. stretching and bendingC. ridingD. weight-training4.What is the best title for the passage？ ______A.DoingexerciseB.Teenagers'Fitness．C. Different lifestyles．D. Overweight Teenagers．6、 Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the waythe various networks of people about patient care are being connected toone another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to delivermedicine to the patient —no matter where he or she may be.Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are themost obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断)will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient.A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personaldata assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to senda patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house couldwell be a thing of the past.Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicineto rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicineas a tool for disaster need—especially after earthquakes. On the whole,the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor forsending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world — CT photosbeing one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites maybe able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both thesecond-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for thefuture of remote medical service.Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis,training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinionsand diagnosis are common.1. The writer chiefly talks about _______.A. the use of telemedicineB. the on-lined doctorsC. medical care and treatmentD. communication improvement2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _______.A. personal data assistanceB. some words of a patientC. real physiological informationD. medical pictures from the Internet3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？A. Patients don’t need doctors in hospitals any more.B. It is impossible to send a patient’s signs over the telephone.C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _______.A. bandwidth isn’t big enough to send complex medical picturesB. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yetC. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needsD. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care7、 The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today. The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts,” Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”"Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas."Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals. Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“ The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive. Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to inc reasing exposure to extreme events.”1.How was the UQ research conducted?A.By observing extreme weather events.B.By protecting the endangered species.C.By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.D.By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.2.What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.destroyedB.defeatedC.decreasedD.disappeared3.Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events?A.Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations.B.Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.C.Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.D.Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard.4.What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words?A.Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.B.The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.C.Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.plete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival.8、“Why It Can Matter More Than IQ”, this subtitle(副标题) of my 1995 book Emotional Intelligence (EI), unfortunately, has led to misunderstandings of what I actually say. Some readers even jumped to an absurd conclusion that “EI accounts for 80 percent of success.”I never made the claim that EI matters more than IQ for academic achievements. My argument is actually that emotional and social skills give people advantages in areas where such abilities make the most difference, like love and leadership. EI does better than IQ in “soft” areas, where intelligence matters relatively less for success.IQ is a much stronger predictor (预测指标) than EI of which jobs or professions people can enter. However, having enough intelligence to hold a given job does not by itself predict whether one will be a star performer or rise to management or leadership po sitions in one’s field. In part this is because everyone at the top level of a given profession has already been examined on intelligence. For them a high IQ becomes a basic ability which one needs to get into and stay in the game.I expect we will be seeing more data showing a relationship between skills in the emotional and social area and school performance, will be in studies ofchildren who have gone through social/emotional learning (SEL) programs. These courses give students the self-management skills they need to do better on academic achievement scores. A study from the University of Illinois finds around a 10 percent increase on achievement test scores among these students.Therefore, learning seems to be another area where EI may matter and whether more than IQ is a question based on experience. This is what I want to explain on this website.1.The reason why the author writes the passage is to _________.A.clear up some misunderstandings of his hookB.explain the importance of IQ and EIC.state his new opinion on IQ and ElD.argue for his study into school learning2.What aspects can El play a more important part in?A.Becoming an accountant and getting an interview.B.Being a leader and receiving an MBA degree.C.Winning a quiz and becoming a star performer.D.Family relations and being promoted at work.3.What does the underlined word "absurd" in the first paragraph probably mean?A.Inaccessible.B.Unreasonable.C.Unadjusted.D.Undoubted.4.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.A.nothing is known about the relationship between EI and school performanceB.the SEL programs attempt to promote learning with EIC.students' school performance is decided by their ElD.the SEL programs improve students, scores rapidly9、A new study has found that social media could be affecting the sleep of young adults.The study is a project of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's School of Medicine. They found that young people who often use social media are more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those who use social media less. The researchers say doctors should ask young adults about their use of social media when treating sleep issues.“This is one of the first pieces of evidence that social media use really can influence yo ur sleep.” said Jessica C Levenson. She was the lead author of a report on the study.The researchers set out to examine the connection between social media use and sleep among young adults.. Levenson noted that these young adults are possibly the fir st “generation to grow up with social media. ”The researchers wanted to find out how often young people used social media sites like Face book, Twitter, Credit and Tumbler. For the study, they gave questionnaires to nearly 1,800 adults, aged 19 to 32. On average, members of the study group used social media sites one hour a day. They also "visited various social media 30 times per week. ”Thirty percent of the study's participants reported having serious problems with sleeping. Those people who used social media a lot were three times more likely to have a sleep disorder. And those who spent the most time on social media were two times as likely to suffer from sleep disturbances.Levenson said the number of times a person visits social media is a better predictor of sleep problems than overall time spent on social media. If this is true, she adds, then practices that stop such behaviors may be the most effective.1.What's the main idea of the text?A.The researchers focus on social media.B.The researchers manage to handle sleep problems.C.Social media affects sleep.D.Doctors treat young patients.2.When treating sleep problems, doctors are advised to________________ .A.offer some advice about giving up social mediaB.ask the patie nts about young adults’ use of social mediaC.give young adults some medicineD.ask about the patients' living conditions3.How did the researchers mainly carry out the study?A.By doing online research.B.By doing questionnaires.C.By collecting published data.D.By giving an example.4.What can be inferred from the text?A.Men are more likely to suffer from a sleep disorder than women.B.People often using social media are less likely to have a sleep disorder.ing computers less helps avoid sleep problems completely.D.Sleep problems can be determined by the times of a person visiting social media.10、 It goes without saying, but bears repeating, there are too many cats and dogs without homes. While there are countless shelters and rescue centers that exist, some potential pet owners look to pet shops to find their furry friends. All too often, however, these animals come from puppy and kitten mills (繁殖场) that treat the creatures in cruel ways. San Francisco, however, is doing their part to stop this abuse with pet store adoption. Officials recently voted to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.The effect is two-fold. One, it will stop the popularity of the large-scale mills, which are famous for the miserable conditions cats and does are kept in. Two, it will help facilitate the adoption of thousands of animals that are waiting for their forever homes in San Francisco shelters. District 4 Supervisor Katy Tang, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, supported law-making on the ban. “Dogs and cats sold in pet stores often come from inhumane puppy and kitten mills that treat animals with no regard for their health or well-being”, she wrote on Facebook. In her message, she also called on the U. S. Agriculture Department to reinstate information on its website that documents these types of animal cruelty cases—it was removed earlier this month.San Francisco’s law-making is a victory for those concerned about animal rights, and they aren’t the first city to pass this type of measure. Los Angeles,San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and Austin also have similar laws in place, with hopefully more places to follow it.1.What happened to some dogs and cats before they are in the pet stores?A.They were cruelly treated.B.They were abandoned in streets.C.They received warm welcome.D.They were raised in shelters and rescue centers.2.Which of the following may Katy Tang agree with most?A.People should adopt the dogs and cats.B.Animals are too cruel to ?human beings.C.The government can choose to kill all the dogs and cats.D.It is not right to impose a ban on the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.3.What does the underlined word "reinstate" in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Update.B.Replace.C.Post again.D.Download.4.What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?A.No Chinese city joins in this type of movement.B.San Francisco is the last city where pet stores are banned.C.Americans care about animals more than humans.D.More and more cities are involved in animal rights.答案以及解析1、答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.D。

2020全国新高考英语语法补充训练美国高中原版素材整理(含答案)

2020全国新高考英语语法补充训练美国高中原版素材整理Part1The Novel: Introspection to EscapismArt is never stagnant, nor is it meant to be. A poem written today looks and sounds vastly different from a poem by Shakespeare, and a modern symphony no longer resembles one by Beethoven. So it is with the novel, that still relatively young member of the literary family (many consider Don Quixote, published in 1605, to be the first). The novel is evolving to reflect the changing world; for better or for worse.A few quotations from acclaimed novelists of the past illustrate how broadly the form was once regarded. G. K. Chesterton said, "A good novel tells us the truth about its hero; but a bad novel tells us the truth about its author." English writer Ford Madox Ford believed the novelist played an important role as a recorder of history. Ford said of his friend Joseph Conrad, "We agreed that the novel is absolutely the only vehicle for the thought of our day."It's not that over centuries writers of novels shed these ambitions; novels today still address complexities and intricate social dynamics. However, in recent decades, especially the 2000s, popular novels and their film adaptations have driven the novel market in a broader direction. Novels are considered just another entertainment medium, which are now available on digital devices, one that ought to enthrall its passive reader and relieve him or her of the stress and tedium of life. The difficulties, challenges, and triumphs of real life are less often the subject of popular novels; instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.It is rare today for a novelist to attempt to ask "What does it mean?" Instead, we strive to provide the reader with an answer to the question "What happens next?" "Publishers, readers, booksellers, even critics," critic James Woods wrote, "acclaim the novel that one can deliciously sink into, forget oneself in, the novel that returns us to the innocence of childhood or the dream of the cartoon, the novel of a thousand confections and no unwanted significance. What becomes harder to find, and lonelier to defend, is the idea of the novel as—in Ford Madox Ford's words—a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'''1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. sluggish• C. static• D. similar2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. changing world—for better• C. changing world: for better• D. changing world for better3. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?• A. The novel, while well regarded, would never match the poem as the ideal form for conveying the struggles of humanity.• B. The novel was once sacred ground, meant to capture and reveal universal truths, to depict society and all its ills, to explore and expound upon the human condition.• C. Both poetry and novels enjoyed a resurgence of popularity in the early 1900s due to the notoriety of many of the prominent authors of the day.• D. By the early 1900s, novels had evolved into something entirely different from the form Cervantes pioneered with Don Quixote.4.• A. NO CHANGE• B. loftily• C. haughtily• D. pretentiously5. Which choice would improve the sentence?• A. Ford said of his friend, the novelist Joseph Conrad,• B. Ford said of his great friend, Joseph Conrad,• C. Ford said of Joseph Conrad,• D. Ford said of his friend, Joseph Conrad, a Pole who moved to Britain,6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. However: in recent decades,• C. However in recent decades,• D. In recent decades however;7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. Novels, which are now available on digital devices, are considered just another entertainment medium,• C. Novels are considered just another entertainment medium, now available on digital devices,• D. Novels, just another entertainment medium which are now available on digital devices8.• A. NO CHANGE• B. less often the subject of popular novels instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.• C. less often the subject of popular novels, instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.• D. less often the subject of popular novels: instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.9. Which detail would provide the best support for the ideas presented in the paragraph?• A. Novels exploring deep social issues remain the most heavily decorated books come literary award season.• B. Director James Cameron remarked recently about the inherent difficulty of adapting novels with fantasy themes.• C. Writing in the New Yorker magazine in 2014, critic James Woods stated that readers now want novels that, like popcorn, are "easy to consume."• D. The slice of life novel remains tremendously popular among books targeting younger readers.10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. they strive• C. it strives• D. he or she strives11.• A. NO CHANGE• B. the novel as, in Ford Madox Ford's words—a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'"• C. the novel as, in Ford Madox Ford's words: a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'"• D. the novel as, in Ford Madox Ford's words; a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'"Part2Interning: A Bridge Between Classes and CareersKelli Blake is majoring in chemical engineering, and she recently excepted a summer internship with BP, an international energy company, to gain career experience. Some argue against the value of internships, claiming they pay very little and can involve performing boring tasks, yet Kelli feels her internship is critical to helping her discover whether engineering is right for her.Kelli wants a real-world perspective on information she has gained in her classes. Her internship with a corporate leader is affording her the opportunity to apply her conceptual knowledge to tasks inside a major oil company. She can later add this project to her résumé and portfolio, giving her an edge over other college graduates. This safety training will be required of employees traveling to offshore facilities, so she will stand out from other applicants by already being safety certified. “I have a new appreciation for the protocols followed by engineers at refineries,” she states. Kelli believes that gaining new skills and showing she can apply her classroom knowledge to real situations will give her an advantage over her competition should she decide to join BP.Everyone has their own reason for wanting to become an intern. Kelli has several other reasons behind her decision. For example, Kelli wants to meet people to learn about the variety of careers available, from entry level to senior engineer. She willaccomplish all of her intern goals by working on technical projects, attend “lunch and learn” meetings, watching webinars, and shadow coworkers.What are some further benefits of internships? Besides gaining exposure in the field, Kelli is networking, and the most important person to her now is her mentor, Dan, a senior engineer who can help her grow professionally by answering her questions. Gaining valuable contacts and good role model. These are other reasons she has pursued this internship.Kelli is now an acting member of a corporate team. She realizes she will be learning a lot about the industry and will benefit from adopting an entirely new vocabulary. She views her internship as an adventure, one in which engineering teams worldwide must work collaboratively and efficiently. It is worth it to give up her summer, Kelli argues, because though she is losing her summer she is doing the job of an actual engineer through her internship.Moreover, she views the experience as one of the best ways to learn about her field and industry.1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. accepted• C. adopted• D. adapted2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. skilled• C. menial• D. challenging3. Which choice best supports the central idea of the paragraph?• A. During this internship, for example, Kelli is working on a glycol dehydration project; she will be using the classroom skills she learned fromthermodynamics, organic chemistry, and more.• B. Kelli can use the materials from her internship in a professional-quality presentation; she can then deliver the presentation to her classmates when she returns to college after her internship.• C. In addition, Kelli is designing the next internship proposal for her classmates after she completes her own and graduates.• D. Kelli is hoping to formulate her project results as a professional published document to sell to BP.4. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?• A. Offshore engineers have many rules and regulations that must be followed. • B. Kelli admires the engineers at the refineries who administer the safety training.• C. The new skills she acquires can be applied to her classroom knowledge. • D. Kelli will also earn her Helicopter Underwater Egress Training certification. 5.• A. NO CHANGE• B. stand down• C. stand up• D. stand alone6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. your• C. its• D. his or her7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. For example; Kelli wants to meet people to learn about the variety of careers available, from entry level to senior engineer.• C. For example, Kelli wants to meet people—to learn about the variety of careers available, from entry level, to senior engineer.• D. For example, Kelli wants to meet people to learn about the variety of careers available; from entry level to senior engineer.8.• A. NO CHANGE• B. by working on technical projects, attending "lunch and learn" meetings, watching webinars, and shadowing coworkers.• C. by working on technical projects, attend "lunch and learn" meetings, watch webinars, and shadow coworkers.• D. by working on technical projects, attending "lunch and learn" meetings, watch webinars, and shadowing coworkers.9.• A. NO CHANGE• B. a good role model, these are other reasons• C. a good role model; are other reasons• D. a good role model are other reasons10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. It is worth giving up, Kelli argues, because though she is losing her summer, she is doing the job of an actual engineer through her internship.• C. It is worth it to give up her summer, Kelli argues, because she is doing the job of an actual engineer through her internship.• D. It is worth it to Kelli to give up her summer, because though summers are usually a time to relax, she argues, she is doing the job of an actual engineerthrough her internship.11. Using the graphic and the information in the passage, identify the phrase that could be added to the end of the last sentence.• A. , which typically offers around 35 internships per 1,000 hires.• B. , which typically offers around 32 internships per 1,000 hires.• C. , which typically offers around 35 internships per 60 hires.• D. , which typically offers around 32 internships per 60 hires.Part3In Defense of Don QuixoteBefore the holiday, the World Literature professor assigned the classes' next novel, Don Quixote."Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra wrote Quixote in Spanish," he boomed over the end-of-class shuffle of notebooks and bags. "Find a good translation, start reading—and class?" All motion stopped he had their attention. "Do more than read it; prepare to defend why you spent your holiday break reading a thousand pages of turn-of-the-seventeenth-century Spanish literature. Read the experts, check the data: Why does the book still matter?"Class dismissed, the students entered break feeling uneasy at the prospect of this hefty early-modern novel, but each soon found in its pages a captivating story, beautiful and strange. Clarified with paradoxes of sane and insane, tragic and comic, ideal and real, the novel surprised its newest set of readers with intellectual complexity as well as deeply human—and charmingly adverse—characters.As the students gradually finished their copies of Quixote, most felt the defense the professor had requested was somewhat unnecessary: It was a literary masterpiece. But research will have been required, so they dutifully opened laptops and visited libraries.For Monday's post-holiday class, students presented its short defenses of Quixote. Most began with their personal appreciation of the novel and the enduring triviality of questions it raised. Several students then mentioned scholars' praise for Quixote's ideological impact on culture, challenging worldviews and highlighting ambiguitiesbetween reality and perception. Quixote, some noted, not only changed the literary imagination by expanding the possibilities of what a novel could intellectually accomplish, but also offered important early contributions to the relatively recent conversations of psychology and women's rights.To illustrate the book's importance, many students cited a famous 2002 survey of authors worldwide and the ensuing compilation of the world's "100 Best Books." This survey, students found, listed every qualifying "best" book at equal ranking, isolating only one as undeniably first: Don Quixote.After the last presentation was completed, the professor explained that the university curriculum required students to read Quixote for World Literature. "Some call it the first great novel; many call it the greatest novel of all time, but superlatives aside, the true reason it's worth reading is somewhat indescribable, isn't it? It changed you it moved you you were drawn to its beauty its ugliness or some confusion of the two. So it goes with great literature: The defense for its permanence is hidden in the piece itself."Opening their books with a fondness like old friendship, the class began to discuss Quixote together.1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. class'• C. class's• D. classes2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. All motion stopped: he had• C. All motion stopped, and had• D. All motion stopped. Had3.• A. NO CHANGE• B. Deprived• C. Peppered• D. Littered4.• A. NO CHANGE• B. averse• C. bazaar• D. bizarre5.• A. NO CHANGE• B. is• C. was• D. will be6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. it's• C. their• D. they're7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. pertinence• C. irrelevance• D. inertia8. Which sentence adds supporting information to the paragraph?• A. Most students also discovered that Quixote was second only to the Bible in its number of translations and publications across history, signifying itsparamount global influence.• B. Students learned that around 100 well-known authors participated in the survey to identify the "most meaningful book of all time," organized by editors in Oslo, Norway.• C. Authors noted in the survey were few and far between but included Doris Lessing, Salman Rushdie, Chinua Achebe, and Toni Morrison.• D. The survey, although often cited by literary critics, has not been repeated since 2002.9. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?• A. NO CHANGE• B. Quixote has touched the far reaches of the literary world.• C. he disagreed with experts regarding the literary value of Quixote.• D. he was pleased with the students' performance.10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. It changed you it moved you, you were drawn to its beauty, or its ugliness or some combination of the two.• C. It changed you it moved you, you were drawn to its beauty or its ugliness or some combination of the two.• D. It changed you; it moved you; you were drawn to its beauty, its ugliness, or some combination of the two.11.• A. NO CHANGE• B. there• C. it's• D. ourAnswersPart1 CBBBA ABACD A Part2 BCADA DABDC B Part3 CBCDC CBABD A。

2020年全国新高考读后续写真题翻译练习 (2)

2020年全国新高考读后续写真题翻译练习1.一个秋天，我的妻子艾丽和我有一个共同的目标：拍摄北极熊。

2.我们住在一个研究营地里，这个营地位于“世界北极熊之都”——加拿大马尼托巴省的丘吉尔镇外。

3.拍摄北极熊既令人惊叹又充满危险。

4.北极熊——像所有野生动物一样——应该从安全距离拍摄。

5.当我和北极熊面对面时，我喜欢通过带有长焦镜头的相机来拍摄。

6.但有时，说起来容易做起来难。

这次就是这样的情况。

7.当艾丽和我做饭时，一只在附近湖中玩耍的年轻雄性北极熊闻到了我们的大蒜面包。

8.这只饥饿的熊跟随着气味来到了我们的营地，营地周围围着一道高高的铁丝网。

9.它拉扯并咬铁丝网。

10.它用后腿站立，并推挤木制的栅栏柱子。

11.我们吓得魂飞魄散，尝试了所有我们知道的防熊措施。

12.我们朝熊大喊大叫，用力敲打锅碗瓢盆，并向空中发射空弹。

13.有时，这样的巨大噪音可以吓跑熊。

14.但这只北极熊却不一样——它只是继续用巨大的爪子试图撕毁栅栏。

15.我用无线电联系营地经理寻求帮助。

16.他告诉我有一架直升机正在路上，但还需要30分钟才能到达。

17.为了充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了几张熊的照片。

18.艾丽和我担心栅栏无法承受熊再持续30分钟的破坏。

19.营地经理建议我使用辣椒喷雾。

20.这种喷雾会刺激熊的眼睛，但不会伤害它们。

21.因此，我慢慢地靠近这位不请自来的客人，透过栅栏，朝他的脸喷去。

22.愤怒地咆哮着，熊跑到湖边去洗眼睛。

23.几分钟后，熊又回到了我们的营地。

24.他露出锋利的牙齿，一边向前跑一边瞪着我们。

25.熊再次用后腿站立，想要像怪兽一样咬断栅栏。

26.看起来他的嘴里满是血，眼睛因愤怒而发红。

27.看到如此可怕的景象，我感到一股寒意从背后袭来。

28.艾丽愣在原地，嘴巴张得大大的。

29.我不得不采取行动，于是我鼓起勇气，试图用辣椒喷雾吓走它，但最终还是失败了。

30.就在这时，直升机来了。

31.它降落在我们营地附近，巨大的噪音吓走了熊。

外刊精选2020全国新高考课外补充阅读训练1

外刊精选2020全国新高考课外补充阅读训练1外刊精选2020全国新高考课外补充阅读训练1【新闻正文】Getting hold of penicillin in 1943 was a lottery in America.The "miracle drug" had been discovered 15 years earlier but production capacity was limited, and most went to the war effort. What remained was rationed, and a single injection cost at least $40. By 1949 better manufacturing methods allowed the price to fall to 20 cents. The use of penicillin exploded. Antibiotics subsequently became a staple of modern medicine. Massive volumes offset low margins. No longer. Finding new molecules is getting harder, which means higher development costs. At the same time, growing awareness that overuse accelerates development of bacterial resistance to the drugs has led to "antibiotics stewardship", the practice of using the newest antibiotics only for infections untreatable with older ones. Volumes, in other words, are often disappointing. With returns from antibiotics down, big pharmaceutical companies have abandoned them for more lucrative drugs. GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer and Merck are the only three doing clinical research in the field. Small biotechnology firms tried to pick up the slack. In the past ten years, as the world began to panic about the rise of resistant superbugs, governments and charities provided early-stage financing. Like big pharma, though, the biotech startups have struggled to make money from antibiotics. An American one, Achaogen, filed for bankruptcy on April 15th; plazomicin, a novel antibioticit began selling in 2018,sold barely any doses in the first eight months. Melinta, another antibiotics startup, is restructuring. Share prices of similar firms have plunged, in some cases below their liquidation value.参考词汇】Penicillin N. any of various antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds 青霉素Lottery N. something that is regarded as a chance event 彩票Volume N. the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object体积外刊精选2020全国新高考课外补充阅读训练1Margin N. the net sales minus the cost of goods and services sold 利润Molecule N. the simplest structural unit of an element or compound 分子；微粒Resistance N. the condition in which an organism can resist disease Pharmaceutical N. drug or medicine that is prepared or dispensed in pharmacies and used in medical treatment 药品Lucrative Adj. producing a sizeable profit 获利的Liquidation N. termination of a business operation by using its assets to discharge its liabilities 债务清偿【语法填空改编】Getting hold of penicillin in 1943 was a lottery in America.The "miracle drug" (discover) 15 years earlier but production capacity was limited, and most went to the war effort. What remained was restricted, and single injection cost at least $40. By1949 (good) manufacturing methods allowed the price (fall) to 20 cents. The use of penicillin exploded. Antibiotics subsequently became a staple of modern medicine. Massive volumes offset low margins. Finding new molecules is getting harder, means higher development costs. At the same time, growing (aware) that overuse accelerates development of bacterial resistance to the drugs has led to "antibiotics stewardship", the practice of using the newest antibiotics only for infections untreatable with older ones. Volumes, in other words, are often (disappoint). returns from antibiotics down, bigpharmaceutical companies have abandoned for more lucrative drugs. In the past ten years, the world began to panic about the rise of resistant superbugs, governments and charities provided early-stage financing.【参考译文】1943年，在美国想要获得青霉素简直就得碰运气。

2020年高考英语阅读理解实战训练(含解析)

2020年高考英语阅读理解实战训练【名师精选试题，值得下载练习】阅读理解AThere is plenty for kids and teens to do in the Syracuse area during the summer, including some great educational opportunities. Here are the top four.Rosamond Gifford Zoo CampThe zoo offers separate camps for kids. The camps for kindergarteners run from 9 am to 12:30 pm, and cost $115 for zoo members and $135 for non-members. Kids entering 7th and 8th grades will have half a day from 1 pm to 4:30 pm. The cost is $149 for members and $160 for non-members. All camps feature numerous educational activities and animal encounters. The camps run from August 14 to August 19. Registration starts from July 10 for membersand July 15 for non-members.Active Learning Services at Christian Brothers AcademyFrom August 1 to August 5, Christian Brothers Academy will host Active Learning Services from USA Chess. Topics of learning will include Chess Camp (age 5-15), and Video Game Creation Program (age 8-15). Chess Camp promises improved chess skills through chess instructors utilizing demo(演示) boards and historic games. Half day sessions will cost $280 for the Computer Camps. A full day of Chess costs $400, and a half day of Chess followed by a half day of Computer Camps cost $430.Syracuse University Summer CollegeFrom July 5th to August 12th , Syracuse University will host pre-college programs for high school students. The Summer College will offer a wide variety of programs including architecture, engineering and computer science, public communications, and eco-fashion. The programs are taught by the teachers of Syracuse University and include hands-on activities. The costs range from $2325 to $7642.The Sheldon Institute at SUNY OswegoThe State University of New York will hold two-week educational enrichment programs for students entering grades2-4 from July 25 to August 5. Children will have a set program featuring art, science, technology, cultural appreciation and writing. Tuition for the programsis only $320 and a downloadable application is available.1、If a preschool boy and his 8th-grade brother attend the Zoo Camps, they shouldpay___________A．$264B．$275C．$295D．It depends.2、What do we know about the Chess Camp from the passage?A．Children can learn improved chess skills through it.B．Only children aged 8-15 can attend it.C．Whole day sessions will cost $250 for it.D．It will last for two weeks.3、Where can children attend the largest number of programs with low cost?A．Christian Brothers Academy B．The Sheldon InstituteC．Rosamond Gifford Zoo D．Syracuse UniversityBWhen a tornado(龙卷风) touched down in a small town nearby, many families were left completed destroyed.Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the hardest.One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered mobile home, a depressed expression twisting her features. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Clutching(紧握)at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I taped the picture of the young family to our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three- year-old Meghan." We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing," I said."We'll share whatwe have with them."I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up discarded toys and games."I'll help you find something for the little girl when I'm done with this," I said.The boys placed the toys they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys."Oh, Honey," I said."You don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much."Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with held-back tears. '"Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she'll make that other little girl happy, too．"Swallowing hard(难以置信), I stared at Meghan for a long moment, wondering how I could teach the boys the lesson she had just taught me. For I suddenly realized that anyone can give their cast-offs away. True generosity is giving that which you value most.Honest benevolence(善行)is a three-year-old offering a valuable, though shabby, doll to a little girl she doesn't know with the hope that it will bring this child as much pleasure as it brought her. I, who had wanted to teach, had been taught.The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He hesitated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy.A slow smile spread across Brett's face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some of his prized Matchbox cars.Astonished, I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan's gesture meant.Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms.Taking the cue from my little one, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did.It's easy to give that which we don't want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish, isn't it? However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart..4、Why does the author give a detailed description of a particular picture in the Sunday newspaper?A. To stress what touched her and made her decide to help the hopeless family.B. To appeal to unconcerned people to donate for the poor families.C. To show the helplessness and hopelessness of the family mentioned in the paper.D. To create an atmosphere of fear and depression brought by the tornado.5、The underlined word discarded in paragraph 6 is similar in meaning to _______.A. ruinedB. favoriteC. deservedD. inexpensive6、Why did Brad and Brett also donate their favorite things finally?A. They were encouraged to donate some valuable things by the mother.B. They didn’t want to be laughed at for being mean by his family members.C. Meghan's decision inspired them to donate their favorite things.D. Meghan's gesture reminded them to replace their favorite things with new ones.7、Why did the writer swallowing hard, when he saw what Meghan did?A. she was deeply puzzled by what the little girl didB. she was greatly moved by Meghan's unexpected decisionC. she had trouble persuading Meghan not to give away LucyD. she was uncertain what consequences Meghan's action would bring about8、It is suggested in the sentence "the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart" that ______.A. sincere donation means offering all you have to those in need.B. true generosity means helping others whenever you canC. true giving means giving others what you treasure mostD. honest benevolence means helping people through your lifeCNovelist and scriptwriter Zhou Meisen, 61, has been keeping a close watch in the past few years on news of China's anti-corruption(反腐败) campaign.A 56-episode TV series adapted from his latest novel, In the Name of the People, began airing Tuesday on the satellite channel of Hunan TV and video-streaming sites. It is to continue nightly, at least until May 1.The drama, with a lot of famous actors and actresses cast(选派角色)led by Lu Yi and Zhang Fengyi, is built around a complex corruption case （腐败案件）brought to light by conflicts at a factory in a fictional province.The novel has been called groundbreaking for describing a state-level official as a bad guy."As a writer, you should dare to look into touched sides (of anti-corruption campaigns). Otherwise, you lose the trust of your readers and audience," Zhou said.The author has some familiarity with officialdom(官场). He was a deputy secretary-general in the city government of Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, in the mid-1990s. He said friends still in that world have helped him write about it."I've never considered corrupt officials as guys. They are human. I try to explore their inner conflicts after they fall from high positions," Zhou told Beijing News.He gained initial fame with his 1983 novella The Sinking Land, and became one of the best-known Chinese writers on the political ecosystem.But dramatic productions dealing with corruption dropped off the screen starting in 2004 with a change in government policies, dissuading Zhou.Now, the genre(体裁) has come back to life with the determination of China's central leadership to crack down on corruption, starting with the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012.Fan Ziwen, deputy director of the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Film and Television Center, repeatedly visited Zhou, persuading him to pick up his pen again in the genre in early 2015.Zhou visited a prison in Nanjing to interview prisoners and also talked to police and lawyers who dealt with corruption cases.Li Lu, an award-winning director, worked on the series with Zhou, who wrote the script.Li convinced investors to agree to a budget of up to 120 million yuan ($17.4 million), double the typical cost of modern dramas.9、How can a writer earn the trust of his readers or audience?A.Doing a lot of preparation before writing a novel.B.Appealing to the readers by twists and turns in the plot.C.Having the courage to look into rarely touched sides.D.Famous actors and actresses playing roles in the play.10、According to the text, which of the following statements is true?A.The TV series is broadcast every night only on video-streaming sites.B.His friends who still work in officialdom helped him a lot in writing.C.Dramatic productions concerning corruption have always been on the scream.D.Zhou Meisen convinced investors to put in up to 120 million yuan.11、We can infer from the passage that________.A.In the Name of the People is the first novel on corruption.B.Zhou Meisen gave up writhing before being persuaded by Fan Ziwen.C.In the Name of the People was set in the true background.D.The central government has the determination to fight against corruption.12、Which of the following is the best tittle of the passage?A.Anti-corruption Drama‘In the Name of the People’ aired.B.Zhou Meisen’s new novel wins popularity nationwide.C.Views on the new TV series In the Name of the People.D.Zhou Meisen , a popular writer on the political ecosystem.。

2020高考英语二轮课标通用阅读理解专题特训13

阅读理解专题特训13　能力升级训练第14页　AWhether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes,according to experts.I jump out of bed each morning,eager to start an active day.But I can hear my neighbour’s alarm clock ringing non-stop every morning and I doubt he gets to work on time.A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening.He’s happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight,while I go to bed early and try to sleep.Well,it might not be his fault after all.I’m called “a lark(百灵鸟)” and my neighbour “an owl(猫头鹰)”.We all have inside “clocks” in the brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light.These inside clocks run to a different schedule in “larks” and “owls”.If you have a fast clock,you like to do things early,and if you have a slow clock,you like to do things late.Because we live in a 24/7 world,scientists believe it’s important to understand aperson’s “chronotype”—the time of the day when they function the best.It could help us lead a healthier life.A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinks work times should be changed and made more individual to fit in with our chronotypes.And he has advice for those who can’t choose their working hours:“If that’s not possible,we should be more careful about light exposure,” says the professor.“You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike.The minute the sun sets we should use things that have no blue light,like computer screens and other electronic devices.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。

2020最新英语高考复习阅读理解强化练习题

AA report from the United Nations said that around 60 million people across the w orld, with 80% of them in Asia, are drinking polluted water. Some 4,500 children die every day because of polluted water.A report showed that environmental problems kill 3 million children under five years old each year, making them one of the key contributors in more than 10 million child deaths worldwide each year.Dangerous factors include indoor and outdoor air pollution, water pollution, lack of good hygiene facilities and poor ecological systems，it said.Another study showed that parents and experts from seven countries including the Uni ted States, India and Nigeria, regarded pollution as the biggest threat to children's natu ral living environment.Many parents say that children today are being brought up with fewer blue skies than when they were little kids.Mrs. Green tries to teach her daughter Su san by setting a personal example. She picks out recyclable waste and uses the water from the washing machine to wash the t oilet.Chinese children mostly learn about environmental protection in school.Some non-governmental organizations and child centers also teach kids to protect the environment. “More parents have become aware of it. Family is now playing a more i mportant role,”says a Chinese official.Vera Lehmann, an expert from Germany says many Chinese are increasingly awa re of polluted. “I was surprised to find how much schools in China are willing to contr ibute to educating the children on environment,” Lehmann said.“There has been a big change between now and ten years ago when I first traveled here.”1. What is the main cause of child deaths?A. polluted waterB. poor ecological systemsC. environmental problemsD. indoor and outdoor air pollution2.How m any dangerous factors are mentioned in the article?A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six3. From the example of Mrs. Green, we can know that she is a woman who.A. takes good care of her daughter.B.is strict with her daughter.C. likes housework very much.D. pays much attention to recycling.4. Which is right according to the article?A. 80% of the people in Africa are drinking polluted water.B. The government now plays a more important role in protecting the environment.C. Not only developed countries regarded polluted as the biggest threat to children's n atural living environment.D. Vera Lehmann thinks China still pays no more attention to the poor condition as us ual.CDBCBMy problems started after I went to a boar ding school. I was only 14, and at first I missed my family a lot. I often called them and cried on the phone. But after two we eks, I found I enjoyed being with my classmates at school.I had many friends who were boys. I thought of them as my best friends - but only frie nds. I never guessed my friendships with boys would become a problem.Then, three months later, my friends told me that some teachers and girls said I was h anging out with boys all day long in order to get attention from them. Seven months a fter that, the head teacher Mr. Wang asked the class to choose some students to join the Student Union. I thought I could win for I was doing well in school. I'd alrea dy won prizes for the best math and English exams. A week later, the list came out an d it didn't include me. I was sad.Mr. Wang came to me and said, “Don't be sad. I know you're excellent! Maybe you're a little distant from the girls in our class. They don't know much about you, so some o f them didn't choose you. It doesn't matter. Do your best to get along well with everyo ne and I think you'll make it next time.”1. What was the writer's problem when she first entered the boarding school?A. She didn't like her new school.B. She didn't get along well with her classmates.C. She missed her family very m uch.D. She didn't like her new teacher.2. Why did the writer fail to join the Student Union?A. Her teachers didn't like her.B. She was a poor student.C. Some girls didn't choose her.D. She likes showing off herself.3. The underlined word "distant" means “______”in English.A. estrangedB. aggressiveC. warm-heartedD. rude4. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?A. The writer won prizes for the best science and English exams.B. The writer didn't realize that her friendships with boys would cause problems.C. The writer was sad because she failed to join the Student Union.D. The teacher thought she was an excellent student.CCAACA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises (出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that,carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tal es, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such peopl e, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world sh ould be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child h as ever believed that it was.1．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________. A．repeated without any changeB．treated as a jokeC．made some changes by the parentD．set in the present2．The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ________.A．makes them less fearfulB．develops their power of memoryC．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid ofD．encourages them not to have strange beliefs3．The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _____ ___.A．fairy stories are still being made upB．there is some misunderstanding about fairy talesC．people try to modernize old fairy storiesD．there is more concern for children's fears nowadays4．One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ___ ____A．they are full of imaginationB．they just make up the stories which are far from the truthC．they are not interestingD．they make teachers of history difficult to teachCABBDGood morning. I am Professor Armstrong, and I am your laboratory instructor. This class is intended as a necessary part of the course, which Dr Smith will be in charge of. This class will meet twice a week. This laboratory begins at nine. I expect you to be on time. I do not intend to wait for the latecomers or repeat what has already been covered if you miss the explanation. And do not arrive late and interrupt your neighbor. You may as well not come if you can't be on time.Attendance is equally important. If you miss three lab classes, you're dropped from the labs—no excuses. You can't complete the course without completing the lab.Besides, safety is key here. It's very important to keep things neat and clean, dress properly, and be careful. You may not eat, drink or smoke in the laboratory and you should always clean the counterand wash your hands both before and after the class. Long hair must be tied back. Large clothing must not be worn. Any laboratory accident must be reported immediately.I hope you'll enjoy the laboratory. It's a wonderful place, and all the requirements I've just mentioned are to be followed. We will begin today by learning about the microscope.1. According to the passage how will be the latecomers be treated?A. They will be allowed to enter the class and the teacher will repeat information for them.B. They had better come quietly as long as they don't interrupt their neighbor.C. They will be dropped from the class if they are late three times.D. They will not be given any special consideration.2. According to the passage what happens if a student misses three classes?A. He can make up the classes.B. He will be dropped from the class.C. He may be allowed to remain if he has a good excuse.D. He can't complete the lab without completing the course.3. What should you do if you wear long hair?A. You must have it tied back.B. You have to cut it.C. You will be asked to leave class.D. You may as well not come to the lab.4. According to the requirements which of the following isn't right?A. You must report it immediately if there is any laboratory accident happens.B. Don't eat, drink or smoke in the laboratory.C. You can dress whatever you like.D. Wash your hands both before and after the class.D B ACEMillions of women use cosmetics, often called “make-up”. The cosmetics industry is one of the biggest in the world. Most large stores sell cosmetics, and there are always shops at airports selling them cheaply.The word “cosmetics” refers to anything that people put on their faces to make them look better. Lipstick, face powder and cream, and eye make-up are the most popular. Although more women than men use cosmetics, there are cosmetics for men as well as women.Some people even have cosmetic surgery to make their faces look different. They have the shape of their noses and eyes changed.The most widely used cosmetic is probably lipstick, as many women who do not wear any other make-up will often put on a little lipstick.Lipstick is made by mixing together different oils and colors. This mixture is then allowed to get hard and is cut into the shape of a small pencil. When a woman presses the lipstick to her lips, the end of it becomes soft, and some of it sticks to her lips, giving them extra color.Cosmetics were probably first used in India, but it was the Egyptians, six thousand years ago, who made the most use of them. Rich Egyptian women painted their eyes green and black. They used a red color to paint pretty designs on their fingernails, the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. Pictures of Cleopatra always show her wearing a lot of make-up.The Romans also used cosmetics. They liked to make their skin very white and to paint their eyes. They also used a kind of lipstick.In England at one time, very rich women had baths in milk to make their skin beautiful. They also used a lot of sweet-smelling powder to stop people smelling their bodies, which were often very dirty because they did not wash very often or change their clothes.At one time, some cosmetics were not safe. They were bad for the skin, and some of the lipsticks and powders that people used were even poisonous. Nowadays, people in the cosmetics industry take great care to make sure that everything they use is completely safe.1. What does the word “Cosmetics” refer to ________.A. lipstickB. make-upC. creamsD. surgery2. According to the passage people use cosmetics ________.A. only at airportsB. only to color their feetC. to make themselves look betterD. instead of surgery3. From the passage we know that in earlier times ________.A. cosmetics were never used in milk bathsB. cosmetics were never used on the eyesC. cosmetics were never used on the skinD. sometimes cosmetics were harmful to the skin4. Which of the following statements is true?A. In order to make their faces look different some people even have cosmetic surgery.B. In England, women have baths in milk to make their skin beautiful.C. Cosmetics were probably first used by the Egyptians six thousand years ago.D. Not all cosmetics are safe so we should be careful to use them.BCDAFAt the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually "die of old age", and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer—on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things "wear out".Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact an out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (热力学) (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself—it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could,at one time, repair ourselves—well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power; an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Our first twelve years represent the peak of human development.B. People usually are unhappy when reminded of ageing.C. Normally only a few of us can live to the eighties and nineties.D. People are usually less likely to die at twelve years old.2. The word "it" in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers toA. remaining alive until 65.B. remaining alive after 80.C. dying before 65 or after 80.D. dying between 65 and 80.4. What do the examples of watch show?A. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.B. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.C. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.D. Human's ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.5. Which of the following best fits the style of this passage?A. Argumentation.B. Exposition.C. Narration.D. Description.ABDBGWhen Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast”in Spanish.Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported (出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the country’s second most important export.Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors. Education is very important to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to help their parents to pick coffee beans.1. What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.B. How Costa Rica got its name.C. What the Costa Ricans wore.D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.2. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses ______.A. pink and redB. grey and blackC. blue and greenD. yellow and orange3. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen ______.A. must go to schoolB. study in the same schoolC. do not have to go to school at allD. can choose to stop schooling at any time4. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica ______.A. have lessons every dayB. have their examinationsC. help their parents pick coffee beansD. help their parents decorate their houses5. This passage is mainly about ______.A. Christopher ColumbusB. Costa RicaC. some products from Costa RicaD. the education of Costa RicaBBACBHChristian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri?鄄beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri?鄄beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate —refined white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery —that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.1. The underlined word “cure”in Paragragh 1 probably means ______.A. a medical treatmentB. a kind of vitaminC. a kind of germD. a kind of rice2. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.A. spend his holidayB. find ways to grow better cropsC. do some research about the islandD. help the Javanese with their illness3. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?A. To eat them.B. To carry out his experiments.C. To give the Javanese a surprise.D. To make money by selling them.4. If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ______.A. eat more riceB. eat more meatC. eat some chickenD. eat vitamin pills5. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. beri?鄄beri was caused by chickensB. the Javanese didn’t like vitaminsC. Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successfulD. the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germADBDCIAmerica is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while —then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!1. The writer of this passage must be ______.A. an AmericanB. a ChineseC. a professorD. a student2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.B. Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.C. Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.D. Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.3. From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ______.A. warmly welcomed at the airportB. offered a ride to his homeC. treated hospitably at his homeD. treated to dinner in a restaurant4. The underlined words “generous with our time”in Paragraph 3 probably mean ______.A. strict with timeB. serious with timeC. careful with timeD. willing to spend time5. A suitable title for this passage would probably be “______”.A. Friendships between ChineseB. Friendships between AmericansC. Americans’hospitalityD. Americans’and Chinese’s views of friendshipsBDCDDJThe other day I heard a few local musicians talking:“I hate all the terrible pianos in this town. I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They can’t even understand a bit of music.”“I’m never playing in that club again. Too many drunks and nobody listens to us.”But, one younger musician said, “There are a few clubs that book my band a few nights a month, and I’m trying to find other places to play. I’m also looking to book a few summer festivals this year.”I’ve heard that you are the average of the five people whom you spend the most time with, or to put it another way, you are who your friends are. Attitudes are important. Whether they’re positive or negative, they’re rubbing off on you. If you’re around people who complain about lack of work and about other musicians, or blame (责怪) others, and you play the role of victim (受害者), chances are you will start to as well. So it’s time to take a look at the people you call “friends”.This is an easy exercise: Make a list of the people who you hang out with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard (标准) for yourself and don’t become friends with people who fall below that standard.Keep successful people around you and your own chances for success will be much better. Ask them how they do it. Ask if they will help you get the work you’re looking for, or maybe give you some advice to help you on your career path.1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. A friend in need is a friend indeedB. How to make friendship last for everC. You are who your friends areD. Friends are the most important in one’s success2. The underlined sentence “they’re rubbing off on you”in Paragraph 6 means ______.A. they’ll push you aheadB. they’ll influence youC. they’ll cover your shortcomingsD. they’ll help you achieve your goal3. The musicians’words at the beginning are written mainly to show ______.A. the musicians’living conditions are quite poorB. people have poor taste in musicC. people have different attitudes towards the same thingD. young people have greater chances of succeeding4. By taking the exercise mentioned in Paragraph 7, you can ______.A. improve a lot in making more friendsB. come to the right way of making friendsC. develop a better relationship with your friendsD. arrange the time with your friends properly5. The passage is mainly written for ______.A. musiciansB. managersC. negative peopleD. people wanting to succeedCBCBDANorm Pethrick, a 36-year-old man in Australia’s northern city Darwin, was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile’s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported.Ms Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when thesaltwater crocodile lunged (扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater.Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.Ms Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers. “This could have been a fatal and tragic situation,”said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report. He said Ms Pethrick was saved by her husband’s “quick and diligent actions”. Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.1. This passage is most likely to be found in _____.A. a travel guideB. a newspaperC. a textbookD. a novel2. The crocodile attacked Ms Pethrick when she was ______.A. swimming in the riverB. standing on the river bankC. watching the crocodileD. fishing in the water3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Ms Pethrick?A. Her eyes were badly poked.B. She had eight wounds altogether.C. One of her fingers also got hurt.D. One of the crocodile’s teeth was found in her leg.4. According to the passage, Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT ______.A. braveB. diligentC. quickD. humorous5. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The husband should save the wifeB. A man saves wife’s life from crocodile’s jawsC. A crocodile is not so dangerous as people imagineD. Human beings can beat crocodiles sometimesBBCDBBThere are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have。

高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理4

2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理4Passage1This passage is adapted from David P. Hill, Roy A. Bailey, James W. Hendley II, Peter H. Stauffer, Mae Marcaida, "California's Restless Giant: The Long Valley Caldera." © 2014 by U.S. Geological Survey.Long Valley Caldera cumulative earthquakes between 1983 and 2015, USGS. The vertical bars on the graphs above correspond with the left-side y-axis and represent the number of earthquakes per week. The thicker gray line indicates the cumulative number of earthquakes and corresponds with the right-side y-axis.1. As used in line 10, "depression" most nearly means• A. dejection.• B. decrease.• C. crater.• D. trouble.2. The authors use the phrase "as recently as 600 years ago" (line 22) primarily to• A. suggest that there will be another eruption this century.• B. convey a sense of the magnitude of geologic time.• C. communicate irony, because 600 years ago is not recent.• D. indicate that the word 'recently' is a relative term.3. As used in line 38, "temblor" most nearly means• A. drum.• B. earthquake.• C. eruption.• D. caldera.4. What is the reason geologists have increased their monitoring of the Long Valley Caldera?• A. It has been more than 150 years since the last eruption.• B. Eruptions happen frequently in volcanic chains of such size.• C. The area is experiencing geologic activity indicative of an impending eruption. • D. The swelling of the caldera may damage the sensitive geodetic equipment. 5. Which choice provide the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 19-24 ("The volca nic…mid-1800s")• B. Lines 38-39 ("That temblor…California")• C. Lines 58-60 ("Today,…caldera")• D. Lines 70-72 ("Such emissions…eruptions")6. In the context of the passage as a whole, what is the primary purpose of the last paragraph?• A. To suggest that geologists believe danger from an eruption is not imminent • B. To explain how quickly geologic unrest can turn into a catastrophic eruption • C. To warn of the dire impact of another eruption like Mount St. Helens• D. To emphasize the impact of the earthquakes discussed earlier in the passage 7. It can be inferred from the passage that Mammoth Mountain• A. erupted most recently around 600 years ago.• B. is an active volcano that the USGS is monitoring for early signs of eruption. • C. shows signs that the larger volcanic system to which it belongs is still active. • D. was formed 760,000 years ago by pyroclastic flows from a volcanic eruption.8. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 1-5 ("About 760,000…surface.")• B. Lines 19-24 ("The volcanic system…mid-1800s)• C. Lines 25-27 ("Although no…frequently.)• D. Lines 75-77 ("However, symptoms…Caldera")9. Which of the following situations is most analogous to the recent swelling of the Long Valley Caldera?• A. Many small tremors along a particular fault precede a large, magnitude 8 earthquake.• B. A scientist discovers a new species of insect by chance while observing snakes in the Amazon rainforest.• C. Bad road conditions cause a collision between two cars, and poor visibility contributes to a multi-car pile-up.• D. A doctor is unable to give a definitive diagnosis to a patient after assessing symptoms typical of a particular disease.10. Which of the following claims is supported by information in the graph?• A. Long Valley Caldera had experienced more than 120,000 cumulative earthquakes by 2015.• B. Long Valley Caldera experienced roughly 30,000 earthquakes per week in 1990.• C. By 2012, Long Valley Caldera had experienced 1.2 cumulative earthquakes. • D. By 1988, Long Valley Caldera had experienced over 2,500 cumulative earthquakes.Passage2The passage that follows is adapted from a 1907 novel that follows the actions of an English baronet who, using a secret identity, leads a group of wealthy Englishmen in daring rescues of members of the French aristocracy during the Reign of Terror.1. The passage as a whole is primarily concerned with• A. considering the reasons behind a set of exploits.• B. examining the causes of a revolution.• C. comparing the self-confidence of two different men.• D. questioning the ruthlessness of a government.2. Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that the when the Comtesse escaped, the people in the nearby crowd did not approach her cart because• A. the cart was moving too quickly.• B. they feared arrest and death by guillotine.• C. the woman driving the cart was known to be violent.• D. they were afraid of contracting a disease.3. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 51-55 ("And this…guillotine")• B. Lines 65-70 ("Then came…children")• C. Lines 70-72 ("the covered…handle")• D. Lines 75-78 ("She…plague")4. As used in line 14, "designated" most nearly means• A. budgeted.• B. chosen.• C. classed.• D. illustrated.5. In context, the phrase "pull the hare from between the teeth of the hound" (lines 32-33) refers chiefly to• A. dangerous English hunting customs.• B. plans to avenge the deaths of innocent Englishmen.• C. delivering members of the French aristocracy from harm.• D. the cruelty of French nobles toward revolutionaries.6. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 37-40 ("Faith…go")• B. Lines 46-48 ("Their nationality…them")• C. Lines 48-51 ("Anyone…nationality")• D. Lines 61-64 ("It had…perhaps")7. In lines 41-46, the Comtesse is best described as• A. critical.• B. anxious.• C. relieved.• D. perplexed.8. As used in line 52, "bearded" most nearly means• A. camouflaged.• B. braved.• C. embellished.• D. masked.9. Lines 73-78 provide a contrast between• A. tranquility and turmoil.• B. traditionalism and modernity.• C. freedom and ignorance.• D. austerity and hysteria.10. The use of italics in line 86 primarily serves to emphasize a perceived distinction between• A. the reasons behind one man's actions and those behind his companions' actions. • B. the effectiveness of two different methods of carrying out the same plan.• C. honest, noble motivations for rescue and rescue for monetary gain.• D. a desire for adventure and a desire for public admiration and praise.Passage3This passage is adapted from Daniel J. Boorstin, The Creators: A History of Heroes of the Imagination. © 1992 by Daniel J. Boorstin.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?• A. Public baths in Roman society provided not only sanitary facilities but also social and cultural gathering places.• B. Roman architecture rejected the exterior-based Greek traditions in favor of large, public, interior spaces.• C. The large curved spaces that concrete made possible in Roman architecture were more appropriate for civic than for religious functions.• D. A combination of civic need and innovation in building materials led Romans to great architectural innovation.2. In the first paragraph (lines 1-14), what is the most likely reason the author mentions Greek temple architecture?• A. To show how Roman architectural innovations improved upon the earlier Greek traditions• B. To locate the new trends in architecture developed by the Romans within architectural history• C. To prove that Roman architects were more creative in their imagining of interior space than Greek architects• D. To argue that the new interior spaces created by Romans were better suited to religious architecture than Greek temples were3. As used in line 7, "omnipresent" most nearly means• A. large.• B. pervasive.• C. eternal.• D. imposing.4. The author implies that which of the following was critical to Roman architectural developments?• A. The need for large, interior spaces where urban culture could be expressed • B. The convenience of public baths to people of all social strata• C. The development over time of construction techniques using concrete• D. The rapid expansion of baths into community and cultural centers5. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 5-6 ("They…spaces")• B. Lines 15-18 ("This…error")• C. Lines 22-27 ("While…mystery")• D. Lines 42-47 ("Others…thousand")6. What is the primary purpose of the third paragraph (lines 19-27) in relation to the structure of the passage as a whole?• A. To introduce a need that gave rise to innovations described elsewhere in the passage• B. To reinforce a contrast mentioned in the first paragraph and provide additional detail• C. To emphasize the mysterious nature of the innovations discussed in the passage • D. To dismiss an earlier thesis in favor of the one described in the following paragraphs7. As used in line 31, "anticipated" most nearly means• A. foreshadowed.• B. expected.• C. prevented.• D. enjoyed.8. It can be inferred from the description of public baths in the last paragraph that• A. a visit to the bath might be quite different from a visit to a modern bath.• B. they were much like modern gyms; patrons would first exercise, then bathe. • C. Romans believed in the benefits of exposing oneself to a variety of temperatures.• D. the convenience of having so many activities in one location is unparalleled in history.9. The author believes that the most exemplary Roman baths provided• A. a venue for architectural experimentation.• B. important sanitary facilities for citizens.• C. fine arts enrichment to the public.• D. community gathering spaces.10. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 15-18 ("This grand…error")• B. Lines 21-22 ("And the new…cities")• C. Lines 32-34 ("Grand public…provinces")• D. Lines 64-66 ("The baths…art")11. Which of the following is supported by information in both the passage and the diagram?• A. Roman baths usually included frigidariums.• B. The palestrae were located on opposite sides of the building.• C. Commercial contractors always built public baths in a rectangular shape. • D. The natatio was often used for wrestling and hoop-rolling.Passage4This passage is adapted from a speech delivered by Rafael Palma of the Philippines on November 22, 1919, as a senator for the country's fourth district. In the passage, Palma discusses the reasons that women should be allowed to vote. Palma's speech was delivered in the context of the first session of the fifth Filipino legislature, which was preparing to vote on the question of female suffrage.1. In this speech, the role that Palma plays can best be described as that of• A. an analyst discussing the advantages of each side of an issue.• B. a traditionalist cautioning against the dangers of reform.• C. an idealist arguing for a social change.• D. a politician rousing support for his party.2. Based on the information in lines 1-7, it can be inferred that at the time that Palma gave his speech women were• A. Palma's primary supporters.• B. not allowed to speak before the Filipino legislature.• C. not represented by any other Filipino leaders.• D. not viewed with sympathy by the members of the Filipino legislature.3. As used in line 30, "check" most nearly means• A. certify.• B. inspect.• C. advise.• D. stop.4. Based on the information presented in Palma's speech, it can be inferred that some of those who oppose the bill to give women the right to vote• A. believe that trying to give women the right to vote would be equivalent to trying to check the sun and moon in their course.• B. are prejudiced against the causes of modern men and women and do not support liberal democracy.• C. claim that doing so will be damaging to home life and may disrupt long-established traditions.• D. assert that any sudden changes to the country's civic institutions might permanently paralyze the country.5. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 25-29 ("Female suffrage…common")• B. Lines 46-51 ("As was to…years")• C. Lines 64-67 ("It has seen…liberty")• D. Lines 79-88 ("In view…society")6. The principal rhetorical effect of the phrase "paralyzation, retrogression, disorganization, or destruction" in lines 57-58 is to• A. highlight with increasing force how changes in ideals and institutions can damage a society.• B. emphasize the number of ways in which past changes have not negatively affected the Philippines.• C. show that the Philippines became disabled, after which it reversed its social progress, became disorganized, and was nearly destroyed.• D. suggest four methods by which the legislature could halt the progress of radical social upheavals.7. Palma refers to "great social upheavals" in order to• A. use an analogy to show that allowing women to vote would not permanently weaken the nation.• B. argue that giving women more rights would cause the nation to crumble in less than a generation.• C. demonstrate that the theories, beliefs, and codes of ethics of the peoples of the Philippines are unchangeable.• D. contrast the old institutions of the country, which upheld liberal democracy, with the new institutions, which support more radical ideas.8. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 7-12 ("The cause…strong")• B. Lines 40-46 ("It is an…cost")• C. Lines 67-74 ("Despite all…existence")• D. Lines 85-88 ("I do not…society")9. As used in the passage, "marked" in line 81 most nearly means• A. fixed.• B. targeted.• C. significant.• D. underlined.10. In the final paragraph of the passage (lines 79-88), Palma's attitude toward those who oppose female suffrage can best be described as• A. perplexed and mournful.• B. academic and unbiased.• C. deferential and hopeful.• D. bewildered and dissenting.Passage5This passage is adapted from "Yellowstone Wolf Project: Annual Report, 2019."Yellowstone National Park northern range elk-wolf populations, 1995–2010.1. The passage suggests that which of the following previous beliefs about wolf packs may be inaccurate?• A. The sizes of elk populations and wolf populations are related to one another. • B. Wolves are part of the naturally functioning ecosystem.• C. Predator control efforts can be extremely effective.• D. Wolf packs are too dangerous to be left alive.2. As used in line 14, "native" most nearly means• A. inborn.• B. constitutional.• C. indigenous.• D. canine.3. As used in line 28, "harvested" most nearly means• A. gathered.• B. killed.• C. acquired.• D. grown.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument in lines 30-32?• A. Predation studies on Delta and Bechler packs done by a separate research group show their diet to consist almost entirely of elk.• B. Northern packs that occasionally roam into the park's interior have more stable populations than other northern packs.• C. In 2013 a pack of coyotes infected with mange migrated into the park and wolf populations soon declined.• D. Studies of bison populations are incomplete and are known to over-estimate the number of bison living in YNP.5. The fifth paragraph (lines 57-85) most strongly suggests which of the following about the predation data gathered in 2012?• A. The wolves are primarily responsible for the drops in the elk population.• B. The predation data is incomplete.• C. Most of the packs were observed by ground teams.• D. Researchers documented characteristics of only wolf prey.6. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 59-63 ("Wolf packs…mid-December")• B. Lines 63-68 ("The Blacktail…session")• C. Lines 71-73 ("The Delta…located")• D. Lines 78-85 ("During…sites")7. The passage suggests that the relationship between elk and wolf populations is best characterized as which of the following?• A. The size of the northern wolf packs is the major limiting factor on elk populations.• B. The superior hunting tactics that wolves possess are one of many factors that affect elk populations.• C. The sizes of wolf and elk populations affect one another.• D. The size of the elk population is the major limiting factor on the wolf packs.8. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? • A. Lines 25-27 ("Wolf numbers…YNP")• B. Lines 51-52 ("Wolf packs…2012")• C. Lines 57-59 ("Wolf-prey…sites")• D. Lines 90-94 ("In addition…severity")9. The author references weather (lines 94-96) primarily in order to• A. illustrate one possible logistical difficulty in tracking wolves in YNP.• B. provide a reason for the improved quality of elk food.• C. argue for the design of a new predation study in YNP.• D. provide additional information relevant to the decline of elk.10. Which claim about wolf and elk populations studied by the National Park Service is supported by the graph?• A. Currently, elk populations out-number wolf populations in YNP.• B. Since wolf reintroduction in YNP, elk populations have only decreased.• C. Wolf populations are highest when elk populations are lowest.• D. Currently, elk populations and wolf populations are about the same.AnswersPassage1 CBBCD ACDDAPassage2 ADDDC CDBAAPassage3 DBBCB AACCD APassage4 CBDCB BACCDPassage5 DCBBB CCADA。

2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理14

2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理14Passage1"Letter from Birmingham Jail"This passage is adapted from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail."…I think I should give the reason for my beingin Birmingham, since you have been influencedby the argument of "outsiders coming in." I havethe honor of serving as president of the Southern05Christian Leadership Conference, an organizationoperating in every Southern state with headquar-ters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-fiveaffiliate organizations all across the South, one be-ing the Alabama Christian Movement for Human10Rights. Whenever necessary and possible we sharestaff, educational, and financial resources with ouraffiliates. Several months ago our local affiliatehere in Birmingham invited us to be on call to en-gage in a nonviolent direct action program if such15were deemed necessary. We readily consented andwhen the hour came we lived up to our promises.So I am here, along with several members of mystaff, because we were invited here. I am here be-cause I have basic organizational ties here. Beyond20this, I am in Birmingham because injustice ishere….Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatednessof all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by inAtlanta and not be concerned about what happens25in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat tojustice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapablenetwork of mutuality, tied in a single garment ofdestiny. Whatever affects one directly affects allindirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the30narrow, provincial "outside agitator" idea. Anyonewho lives inside the United States can never beconsidered an outsider anywhere in this country….You may well ask, "Why direct action? Why sit-ins,marches, etc.? Isn't negotiation a better path?" You35are exactly right in your call for negotiation.Indeed, this is the purpose of direct action.Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such acrisis and establish such creative tension thata community that has constantly refused to40negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored. I just referred to the creation of tension asa part of the work of the nonviolent resister. Thismay sound rather shocking. But I must confess that 45I am not afraid of the word tension. I have earnestly worked and preached against violent tension, but there is a type of constructive nonviolent tensionthat is necessary for growth. Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind 50so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, we must see the need of having nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men55rise from the dark depths of prejudice and rac-ism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood. So the purpose of the direct actionis to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation. We, there-60fore, concur with you in your call for negotiation. Too long has our beloved Southland been bogged down in the tragic attempt to live in monologuerather than dialogue….My friends, I must say to you that we have65not made a single gain in civil rights without determined legal and nonviolent pressure. Historyis the long and tragic story of the fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily. Individuals may see the moral light and voluntarily70give up their unjust posture; but as Reinhold Niebuhr has reminded us, groups are moreimmoral than individuals.We know through painful experience thatfreedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; 75it must be demanded by the oppressed….For years now I have heard the word "Wait!" Itrings in the ear of every African American witha piercing familiarity. This "wait" has almostalways meant "never." It has been a tranquilizing80thalidomide, relieving the emotional stress for a moment, only to give birth to an ill-formed infantof frustration. We must come to see with the distinguished jurist of yesterday that "justice toolong delayed is justice denied." We have waited for 85more than three hundred and forty years for ourconstitutional and God-given rights. The nationsof Asia and Africa are moving with jet-like speedtoward the goal of political independence, andwe still creep at horse and buggy pace toward the90gaining of a cup of coffee at a lunch counter….1. Which choice correctly states King's purpose for writing this letter?• A. To explain why he came to Birmingham• B. To launch a nonviolent protest movement in Birmingham• C. To open an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in Birmingham• D. To support fellow civil rights activists in Birmingham2. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 1-2 ("I think … in Birmingham")• B. Lines 3-7 ("I have … Atlanta, Georgia")• C. Lines 7-10 ("We have some … Rights")• D. Lines 25-26 ("Injustice anywhere … everywhere")3. The passage most strongly suggests that which of the following statements is true?• A. King was warmly welcomed when he arrived in Birmingham.• B. King received criticism for his decision to come to Birmingham.• C. King did not want to cause a disruption by coming to Birmingham.• D. King was abandoned by his supporters when he arrived in Birmingham.4. As used in lines 22-23, "interrelatedness of all communities and states" most nearly means that• A. King has personal connections to people in the town.• B. the Southern Christian Leadership Conference needs national support. • C. events in one part of the country affect everyone in the nation.• D. local civil rights groups operate independently of one another.5. Based on paragraph 3, it can be reasonably inferred that King believed circumstances in Birmingham at the time• A. were unfair and wrong.• B. constituted an isolated event.• C. justified his arrest.• D. required federal intervention.6. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 22-23 ("Moreover, … states")• B. Lines 25-26 ("Injustice anywhere … everywhere")• C. Lines 26-28 ("We are caught … destiny")• D. Lines 29-30 ("Never again … idea")7. As used in line 41, "dramatize" most nearly means• A. cast events in an appealing light.• B. draw attention to significant events.• C. exaggerate events to seem more important.• D. turn events into a popular performance.8. Which choice most clearly paraphrases a claim made by King in paragraph 4? • A. A failure to negotiate in the South has provoked direct action by civil rights activists.• B. A focus on dialogue blinds reformers to the necessity for direct action to promote change.• C. Direct action is necessary to motivate people to talk about prejudice and racism.• D. Nonviolent protest encourages a sense of brotherhood and understanding among citizens.9. Paragraph 5 best supports the claims made in the preceding paragraph by • A. arguing that nonviolent pressure is most likely to spur just action by individuals.• B. clarifying that throughout history, privileged classes have been reluctant to let go of privilege.• C. drawing a distinction between the morality of individuals and of groups. • D. pointing out that few gains in civil rights have been made without nonviolent pressure.10. King refers to "the gaining of a cup of coffee at a lunch counter" (lines 89-90) primarily to• A. call attention to the sedative effect of delaying civil rights reform in the United States.• B. emphasize that white Americans will not willingly end oppression against black Americans.• C. describe the progress made toward the winning of equal rights in other countries.• D. underscore the contrast between progress made in other countries and the United States.Paired Passages—Bretton WoodsThe idea of a World Bank became a reality in 1944, when delegates to the Bretton Woods Conference pledged to "outlaw practices which are agreed to be harmful to world prosperity."Passage 2In 1944, 730 delegates from forty-four Alliednations met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, justas World War II was ending. They were attendingan important conference. This mostly forgotten05event shaped our modern world because delegatesat the Bretton Woods Conference agreed on theestablishment of an international banking system.To ensure that all nations would prosper, theUnited States and other allied nations set rules10for a postwar international economy. The BrettonWoods system created the International MonetaryFund (IMF). The IMF was founded as a kind ofglobal central bank from which member countriescould borrow money. The countries needed money15to pay for their war costs. Today, the IMF facilitates international trade by ensuring the stability of the international monetary and financial system.The Bretton Woods system also established theWorld Bank. Although the World Bank shares20similarities with the IMF, the two institutions remain distinct. While the IMF maintains an orderly systemof payments and receipts between nations, the World Bank is mainly a development institution. The World Bank initially gave loans to European countries25devastated by World War II, and today it lends money and technical assistance specifically to economic projects in developing countries. For example,the World Bank might provide a low-interest loanto a country attempting to improve education or30health. The goal of the World Bank is to "bridge the economic divide between poor and rich countries."In short, the organizations differ in their purposes.The Bank promotes economic and social progress so people can live better lives, while the IMF represents35the entire world in its goal to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability.These two specific accomplishments of theBretton Woods Conference were major. However,the Bretton Woods system particularly benefited40the United States. It established the U.S. dollar as the global currency. A global currency is one that countries worldwide accept for all trade, or interna- tional transactions of buying and selling. Becauseonly the U.S. could print dollars, the United States45became the primary power behind both the IMFand the World Bank. Today, global currenciesinclude the U.S. dollar, the euro (European Union countries), and the yen (Japan).The years after Bretton Woods have been consid-50ered the golden age of the U.S. dollar. More impor- tantly, the conference profoundly shaped foreigntrade for decades to come.Passage 3The financial system established at the 1944Bretton Woods Conference endured for many55years. Even after the United States abrogated agreements made at the conference, the nation continued to experience a powerful position in international trade by having other countries tietheir currencies to the U.S. dollar. The world,60however, is changing.In reality, the Bretton Woods system lasted only three decades. Then, in 1971, President Richard Nixon introduced a new economic policy. Itmarked the end of the Bretton Woods international65monetary framework, and the action resulted in worldwide financial crisis. Two cornerstones of Bretton Woods, however, endured: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.Since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system,70IMF members have been trading using a flexible exchange system. Namely, countries allow their exchange rates to fluctuate in response to changing conditions. The exchange rate between two curren- cies, such as the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar, 75for example, specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. An exchange rate of120 yen to dollars means that 120 yen are worth the same as one dollar.Even so, the U.S. dollar has remained the most80widely used money for international trade, and having one currency for all trade may be betterthan using a flexible exchange system.This seems to be the thinking of a powerfulgroup of countries. The Group of Twenty (G20),85which has called for a new Bretton Woods, consists of governments and leaders from 20 of the world's largest economies including China, the United States, and the European Union. In 2009, for example, the G20 announced plans to create a new 90global currency to replace the U.S. dollar's role as the anchor currency. Many believe that China's yuan, quickly climbing the financial ranks, is well on its way to becoming a major world reserve currency. In fact, an earlier 1988 article in The Economist95stated, "30 years from now, Americans, Japanese, Europeans, and people in many other rich coun-tries and some relatively poor ones will probably be paying for their shopping with the same currency." The article predicted that the world supply of100currency would be set by a new central bank ofthe IMF. This prediction seems to be coming tofruition since the G20 indicated that a "world cur-rency is in waiting." For an international constructsuch as the original Bretton Woods to last some10526 years is nothing less than amazing. But moveover Bretton Woods; a new world order in financecould be on the fast track.1. Based on Passage 1, it can be reasonably inferred that• A. world leaders recognized the need for markets to function independently.• B. Bretton Woods increased U.S. economic influence around the world. • C. the IMF and the World Bank work closely together to ensure prosperity. • D. the conclusion of World War II had little influence on events at Bretton Woods.2. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 8-10 ("To ensure … economy")• B. Lines 10-12 ("The Bretton … Fund")• C. Lines 43-46 ("Because only … World Bank")• D. Lines 50-51 ("More importantly … to come")3. As used in line 35, "foster" most nearly means• A. publicize.• B. rear.• C. stabilize.• D. encourage.4. Which statement best explains the difference between the purposes of the IMF and the World Bank?• A. The IMF provides money to pay for war costs, while the World Bank offers assistance to rebuild countries recovering from war across theglobe.• B. The IMF encourages stability in the global financial system, while the World Bank promotes economic development in relatively poor nations. • C. The IMF supports the U.S. dollar in international markets, while the World Bank provides low-interest loans to many nations around the world. • D. The IMF offers governments advice about participation in global markets, while the World Bank encourages monetary cooperation between nations.5. Based on the second paragraph in Passage 2, it can be reasonably inferred that• A. the United States did not support the goals of the IMF and the World Bank.• B. Bretton Woods was originally intended to last for three decades.• C. President Nixon acted to reinforce the decisions made at Bretton Woods.• D. U.S. policy decision differed from international consensus over Bretton Woods.6. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 61-62 ("In reality … three decades")• B. Lines 62-63 ("Then, in 1971 … economic policy")• C. Lines 66-68 ("Two cornerstones … World Bank")• D. Lines 69-71 ("Since the collapse … exchange system")7. As used in line 91, "anchor" most nearly means• A. key.• B. fastening.• C. rigid.• D. supporting.8. It can be reasonably inferred from Passage 2 and the graphic that• A. international markets are increasingly comfortable using the yuan as trade currency.• B. the United States favors using the yuan as one of the world's reserve currencies.• C. the G20 wants to replace the yuan and other currencies with a new global currency.• D. the IMF continues to support the yuan and other currencies in a flexible exchange system.9. The last paragraph of Passage 2 can be described as• A. a refutation of opponents' criticisms.• B. an indication of the author's opinion.• C. a summary of the author's main points.• D. an introduction of a contradictory position.10. Which statement most effectively compares the authors' purposes in both passages?• A. Passage 1's purpose is to contrast the functions of the IMF and World Bank, while Passage 2's purpose is to outline the benefits of a flexibletrade system to the United States.• B. Passage 1's purpose is to describe the history of international trade in the 20th century, while Passage 2's purpose is to explain why the Bretton Woods system collapsed.• C. Passage 1's purpose is to describe Bretton Woods' effect on the global economy, while Passage 2's purpose is to suggest that a new currency for global trade may soon be implemented.• D. Passage 1's purpose is to promote the economic benefits of the IMF and World Bank, while Passage 2's purpose is to encourage thereestablishment of the Bretton Woods system.11. Both passages support which generalization about the global economy? • A. U.S. influence on global trade has continued under a flexible exchange system.• B. The purposes of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are indirectly related.• C. The Group of Twenty represents the financial interests of the world's largest economies.• D. International institutions such as the IMF continue to influence economic trade and development.Passage4Treatment for Paralysis PassageAccording to a study conducted by the Christopherand Dana Reeve Foundation, more than six millionpeople in the United States suffer from debilitatingparalysis. That's close to one person in every fifty05who suffers from a loss of the ability to move or feelin areas of his or her body. Paralysis is often causedby illnesses, such as stroke or multiple sclerosis, orinjuries to the spinal cord. Research scientists havemade advances in the treatment of paralysis, which10means retraining affected individuals to becomeas independent as possible. Patients learn how touse wheelchairs and prevent complications that arecaused by restricted movement. This retraining iskey in maintaining paralytics' quality of life;15however, an actual cure for paralysis has remainedelusive—until now.In 2014, surgeons in Poland collaborated withthe University College London's Institute of Neurol-ogy to treat a Polish man who was paralyzed from20the chest down as a result of a spinal cord injury.The scientists chose this patient for their study be-cause of the countless hours of physical therapy hehad undergone with no signs of progress. Twenty- one months after their test subject's initial spinal25cord injury, his condition was considered complete as defined by the American Spinal Injury Associa-tion (ASIA)'s Impairment Scale. This meant that he experienced no sensory or motor function in the segments of his spinal cord nearest to his injury.30The doctors used a technique refined during forty years of spinal cord research on rats. They removed one of two of the patient's olfactory bulbs, which are structures found at the top of the human nose. From this structure, samples of olfactory ensheathing cells, 35responsible for a portion of the sense of smell, were harvested. These cells allow the olfactory system to renew its cells over the course of a human life. It is because of this constant regeneration that scientists chose these particular cells to implant into the40patient's spinal cord. After being harvested, the cells were reproduced in a culture. Then, the cells were injected into the patient's spinal cord in 100 mini- injections above and below the location of his injury. Four strips of nerve tissue were then placed across a 45small gap in the spinal cord.After surgery, the patient underwent a tailor-made neurorehabilitation program. In the nineteenmonths following the operation, not only did the patient experience no adverse effects, but his50condition improved from ASIA's class A to class C. Class C is considered an incomplete spinal cord injury, meaning that motor function is preserved to a certain extent and there is some muscle activity. The patient experienced increased stability in the trunk55of his body, as well as partial recovery of voluntary movements in his lower extremities. As a result, he was able to increase the muscle mass in his thighs and regain sensation in those areas. In late 2014, he took his first steps with the support of only a walker. 60These exciting improvements suggest that the nerve grafts doctors placed in the patient's spinalcord bridged the injured area and prompted the regeneration of fibers. This was the first-everclinical study that showed beneficial effects of cells65transplanted into the spinal cord. The same teamof scientists plans to treat ten more patients usingthis "smell cell" transplant technique. If they have continued success, patients around the world canhave both their mobility and their hope restored.1. The central idea of the passage is primarily concerned with• A. how various diseases and injuries can cause permanent paralysis.• B. ways in which doctors and therapists work to improve patients' quality of life.• C. one treatment being developed to return mobility to patients suffering paralysis.• D. methods of physical therapy that can help patients with spinal cord injuries.2. The author includes a description of retraining paralytics in lines 8-13 primarily to• A. describe how people with paralysis cope with everyday tasks.• B. appeal to the reader's sympathies for people with paralysis.• C. show that most research scientists do not believe a cure can be found. • D. help readers appreciate the significance of research that may lead to a cure.3. Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that the author • A. believes more research should be done before patients with paralysis are subjected to the treatment described in the passage.• B. feels that increased mobility will have a positive impact on patients suffering from all levels of paralysis.• C. thinks that more scientists should study paralysis and ways to improve the quality of life for patients with limited mobility.• D. was part of the research team that developed the new method of treating paralysis described in the passage.4. Which choice provides the best support for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 6-8 ("Paralysis is … spinal cord")• B. Lines 17-20 ("In 2014 … injury")• C. Lines 53-56 ("The patient … extremities")• D. Lines 67-69 ("If they … restored")5. As used in line 13, "restricted" most nearly means• A. confidential.• B. dependent.• C. increased.• D. limited.6. In line 46, the author's use of the word "tailor-made" helps reinforce the idea that• A. the injected cells were from the patient and were therefore well-suited to work in his own body.• B. spinal cord cells were replaced during the transplant portion of the individualized treatment.• C. olfactory bulbs were removed from rats and placed in the patient's spinal cord during surgery.• D. the method used by doctors to locate the damaged area required expertise and precision.7. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that• A. the patient's treatment would have been more successful if scientists had used cells from another area of his body instead of from his olfactory bulbs.• B. cells from olfactory bulbs will be used to cure diseases that affect areas of the body other than the spinal cord.• C. the patient who received the experimental treatment using cells from olfactory bulbs would not have regained mobility without this treatment. • D. soon doctors will be able to treat spinal injuries without time-consuming and demanding physical therapy.8. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 8-11 ("Research scientists … possible")• B. Lines 21-28 ("The scientists … progress")• C. Lines 31-33 ("They removed … nose")• D. Lines 60-63 ("These exciting … fibers")9. As used in line 30, "refined" most nearly means• A. advanced.• B. improved.• C. experienced.• D. treated.10. The success of the patient's treatment was due in large part to• A. studies done on other patients.• B. research conducted by other doctors in Poland.• C. many experiments performed on rats.• D. multiple attempts on various types of animals.11. The procedure described in which cells from olfactory bulbs are injected intoa damaged area of the spinal cord is most analogous to which of the following? • A. Replacing a diseased organ in a patient with an organ from a donor who has the same tissue type• B. Giving a patient with a high fever an injection of medication to bring the core body temperature down• C. Placing a cast on a limb to hold the bone in place to encourage healing after suffering a break• D. Grafting skin from a healthy area of the body and transplanting it to an area that has suffered severe burnsPassage5Mercury in Fish PassageMercury is an unusual element; it is a metal butis liquid at room temperature. It is also a neurotoxinand a teratogen, as it causes nerve damage and birthdefects. Mercury can be found just about every-05where; it is in soil, in air, in household items, andeven in our food. Everyday objects, such as thermometers,light switches, and fluorescent lightbulbs,contain mercury in its elemental form. Batteriescan also contain mercury, but they contain it in the 10form of the inorganic compound mercury chloride. Mercury can also exist as an organic compound,the most common of which is methylmercury.While we can take steps to avoid both elemental and inorganic mercury, it is much harder to avoid15methylmercury.Most of the mercury in the environmentcomes from the emissions of coal-burning power plants; coal contains small amounts of mercury, which are released into the air when coal burns.20The concentration of mercury in the air from power plants is very low, so it is not immediately dangerous. However, the mercury is then washed out of the air by rainstorms and eventually ends up in lakes and oceans.25The mercury deposited in the water does not instantaneously get absorbed by fish, as elemental mercury does not easily diffuse through cell membranes. However, methylmercury diffusesinto cells easily, and certain anaerobic bacteria30in the water convert the elemental mercury to methylmercury as a by-product of their metabolic processes. Methylmercury released into the water by the bacteria diffuses into small single-celled organisms called plankton. Small shrimp and other 35small animals eat the plankton and absorb the methylmercury in the plankton during digestion. Small fish eat the shrimp and then larger fish eat the smaller fish; each time an animal preys on another animal, the predator absorbs the methylmercury.40Because each animal excretes the methylmercury much more slowly than it absorbs it, methylmercury builds up in the animal over time and is passed on to whatever animal eats it, resulting in a process called bioaccumulation.45As people became aware of the bioaccumulation of mercury in fish, many reacted by eliminating seafood from their diet. However, seafood contains certain omega-3 fatty acids that are importantfor good health. People who do not eat enough50of these fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are more likely to have heart attacks than people who have enough EPA and DHA in their diet. Because。

【阅读素材】2020全国新高考英语语法补充训练美国高中原版素材整理4

2020全国新高考英语语法补充训练美国高中原版素材整理4Part1Stefan Zweig's ReturnStefan Zweig's name has been showing up a lot lately. In addition to a 1 large amount of recently republished works, Wes Anderson cites Zweig as the major influence on Anderson's recent film The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014). It seems that Zweig has suddenly become 2 revelant again after nearly 75 years of obscurity. Why this sudden interest? What can he offer that our culture seems to need?1. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would be LEAST acceptable?• A. bevy• B. mass• C. multitude• D. volume2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. relevant• C. irrelevant• D. irrevelantStefan Zweig was born in 1881. 3 His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time. Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege. By 1904, Zweig had earned a doctoral degree from the University of Vienna, and he formed the connections that would allow his entry into the 4city's cultural elite. Zweig went on to publish a near infinitude of works of fiction, drama, journalism, and biography, and enjoyed a period of major celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s.53. The author would like to combine the two sentences reproduced below:His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time. Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege.Which of the following gives the best combination of the two sentences?• A. His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time;Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege.• B. Zweig was afforded every possible luxury and privilege because his parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time.• C. Born to parents who were part of Vienna's Jewish cultural elite, Stefan was afforded every possible luxury and privilege.• D. His parents were part of the Jewish cultural elite in Vienna at the time, and so Stefan benefited from their eliteness with luxury.4.• A. NO CHANGE• B. cities• C. citie's• D. cities'5. The writer is considering deleting the phrase "of fiction, drama, journalism, and biography" and placing a comma after the word works. Should the phrase be kept or deleted?• A. Kept, because it shows that Zweig had no problem finding work after he left Vienna.• B. Kept, because it demonstrates the range of Zweig's talents.• C. Deleted, because it is implausible that a single writer could work well in so many forms.• D. Deleted, because it presents information given in numerous places throughout the essay.Still, Zweig's relationship with his homeland was always tenuous. While he did support the German side in World War I, Zweig remained a committed pacifist and participated only in the Archives of the Ministry of War. By the second war, 6 however, Zweig's pacifism was no longer looked on with such understanding. Zweig and his wife fled Nazi Germany in 1939 and spent their remaining years in the Americas. Only a few short years after their escape, Zweig and his wife took their own lives out of despair over what had become of Europe. Zweig's ancestral home, 7 which, you'll recall, was in Vienna, insisted on tearing itself apart, and Jewish men like himself were being slaughtered by the millions.For many years, cultural critics saw Zweig's work as a historical curiosity. His decision to flee Europe was seen as an act of quaint pacifism, and his ultimate decision to end his own life was seen as the act of a privileged man for 8 which everyday realities were simply too much to bear. Much more popular in the post-WWII era were more traditionally "masculine" figures, who not only went to war but treated writing, painting, and filmmaking 9 like competitive sports.6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. indeed,• C. on the one hand,• D. although,7. Which of the following choices would best emphasize the personal stake that Zweig had in the conflict in Europe?• A. NO CHANGE• B. not the Americas to which he had moved,• C. in which he had such pride,• D. the land of Goethe and Beethoven,8.• A. NO CHANGE• B. who• C. whose• D. whom9. Which of the following conclusions to this sentence would best support the idea presented at the beginning in the sentence?• A. NO CHANGE• B. with a pacifist bent.• C. like proper gentlemen.• D. as the province of veterans.Today, however, Zweig's sensibility makes a good deal more sense. Like Zweig, many of us were alive and aware before the great catastrophes of 10 his own age, and our longing for a "simpler time" is not pure nostalgia. We know that things cannot be as they once were, but we 11 have sensed the injustice in the world being so complicated, and in the power just a few people have to take it all away from us.10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. their• C. her• D. our11.• A. NO CHANGE• B. are sensing• C. sense• D. sensedPart2For Figs? The ChimpsAren't Chumps Sometimes as you fall asleep, you're thinking about what to eat for breakfast the next morning. "When I get up, I'll go to the fridge. I'll have an egg, 1 a piece of toast, and a few strips of bacon while I'm making coffee." Even though you may know where your food is coming from, you plan breakfast as a way to plan the day.Our species may have been doing this kind of breakfast planning long before refrigerators, long before our species was even our species. A team of researchers recently followed groups of chimpanzees through three periods of fruit scarcity in West Africa. 2 For a chimpanzee, every day during a fruit-poor season can be like Black Friday, where all the "shoppers" want the same hot item.1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. a piece of toast, and a few strips of bacon,• C. a piece, of toast, and a few strips, of bacon,• D. a piece of toast and a few strips of bacon2. At this point, the author wants to add a sentence that accurately summarizes the scientists' research in a way that is consistent with other information in the passage. Which sentence would most effectively achieve that goal?• A. They wanted to see whether the chimps would prefer new, high-yield fruits like figs to their traditional diet of bananas.• B. They wanted to discover where chimps spent the time between waking and sleep.• C. They wanted to know how the chimps acquired highly sought-after fruits, like figs, when the trees that bear these fruits are depleted soquickly.• D. They wanted to uncover the secrets of human evolution and how chimps would operate in a retail environment.3 Why does everyone freak out during Black Friday when the deals aren't even that good? If you want to be sure to get the new, say, plasma TV, what do you have to do? Camp out in front of the store! Well, that's exactly what the researchers found the chimpanzees to do with the coveted fruits. In fruit-poor seasons,4 the nomadic chimpanzees set up their campsites within striking distance of the ripe fruits. When the fruits were5 "_________," or quick to disappear, the female chimpanzees set up their sleeping nests more pointedly in the direction of the fruit6 than the fruit was plentiful. Moreover, in order to ensure that the fruit supply would not be7 gobbled by the time the chimps got there, they woke up early, often before sunrise, when the forests were still dark.3. Which of the following would provide the best transition from the previous paragraph and introduction to this paragraph?• A. NO CHANGE• B. The similarity to Black Friday shoppers goes even a bit further than this. • C. For a monkey, every day of the year is like Black Friday, but without Thanksgiving.• D. Black Friday is the day after the American Thanksgiving, and it is often characterized by heavy retail traffic.4.• A. NO CHANGE• B. the nomadic chimpanzee sets up their• C. the nomadic chimpanzee sets up its• D. the nomadic chimpanzees set up its5. Which of the following provides the most precise word given the definition that immediately follows?• A. lively• B. desiccated• C. ephemeral• D. eternal6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. then the• C. than if the• D. than when the7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. depleted• C. chomped• D. ateThe findings about the chimp 8 has led scientists to reopen a number of heated questions. The first has to do with animals' existence outside the presentmoment: how much do they remember, and how much do they plan? In other words, is "consciousness" really only 9 the province of humans? The other set of questions has to do with the lines of evolution. It has been firmly established that chimpanzees are our evolutionary ancestors, but now we have to wonder ifwe've inherited even more 10 than we thought from them initially. Have the lives of chimpanzees conditioned the small, day-to-day patterns of our own lives? While such questions may seem purely academic and conceptual, they actually have a good deal to do with our lived experience. We learn more and more about what we share with other animals—and with each discovery, we learn a new way to relate to the world around us.8.• A. NO CHANGE• B. have lead• C. have led• D. has lead9.• A. NO CHANGE• B. the providence of humans?• C. the provenance of humans?• D. providential for humans?10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. from them than we initially thought.• C. then initially thought.• D. than we had been thinking from them initially.11. Suppose the author's goal had been to present an argument that suggests Black Friday shopping is an animalistic behavior. Would the information in this essay support that argument?• A. Yes, this essay establishes a parallel between humans and chimpanzees and explores it in detail.• B. Yes, this essay suggests that chimps have adapted Black Friday behavior easily.• C. No, this essay suggests that chimpanzees are more advanced than most Black Friday shoppers.• D. No, this essay is more concerned with describing a behavior of chimpanzees than in passing judgment on humans.Part3SLP, OMG!1 While a large number of people believe that social media are fads that will soon die out, a new trend shows that such a belief may be false. It's true that most younger people write to one another (via Twitter, Facebook, or text) more than2 speaking to one another (who uses a phone to talk anymore?), but thespoken word is as important as ever. This importance is nowhere clearer than in the rise of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).1. Which of the following would best introduce the main subject of this paragraph?• A. NO CHANGE• B. Although many believe that society is moving away from the spoken word altogether,• C. Even though some believe that kids today can't write or spell,• D. Because a new batch of research has been performed on the belief, 2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. spoken• C. they speak• D. have spokenThe Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the SLP profession will grow by 19% between 2012 and 2022. Alongside this growth, the nature of the profession is changing as well: while 3 SLPs overwhelmingly work in hospitals, there has been a notable rise in recent years in private-practice SLPs.The name "speech-language pathologist" is actually a bit of an understatement.4 Some SLPs do work with communication disorders, stemming from speech impediments to disabilities relating to oral, written, or graphical language. An SLP who specializes in speech may work on articulation or phonation, though some of these specialists will also work with attention and5 memory. In particular, they work with the components of those practices that deal with language. Some are more concerned with the mechanical side of speech, addressing6 their respiratory aspects, particularly as related to volume, breathiness, or rasp.3. Which choice gives information consistent with the graph?• A. NO CHANGE• B. currently about half of all SLPs work in schools,• C. there are only about 5,300 SLPs at work in schools,• D. colleges and universities devote only about 3% of their budgets to SLPs,4. The writer is considering replacing the words an understatement with the words a misnomer. Should the writer make the change or keep the sentence as is?• A. Make the change, because the word misnomer is more common in social science.• B. Make the change, because the paragraph goes on to say that "speech-language pathologist" is the wrong name for the profession.• C. Keep the sentence as is, because understatement is longer and therefore more formal.• D. Keep the sentence as is, because the name is not incorrect, merely insufficient to represent the range of duties.5. Which of the following gives the best way to combine these two sentences? • A. NO CHANGE• B. memory; they work in particular with the components• C. memory. Particularly the components• D. memory, particularly the components6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. one's• C. its• D. it'sAlthough communication disorders are SLPs' most common targets, some specialists will work more with swallowing disorders. If an infant is struggling to feed, for instance, an SLP might work in tandem with a medical doctor to clear the esophageal function to get it back into 7 good working order. An SLP can 8 lead a regimen of swallowing therapies and advise dietary changes that might make swallowing more comfortable.7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. ship shape.• C. gravy.• D. good times.8. Which of the following would best maintain this sentence's focus on the actions an SLP might take to address a swallowing disorder?• A. NO CHANGE• B. handle many patients at once• C. work in a school or hospital• D. keep detailed paperwork on a patient's progressIn most cases, a speech-language pathologist will work interdisciplinarily, often with other SLP specialists or medical doctors. Along with the increased involvement of SLPs, research continues 9 to show that the mechanisms, of the mouth and respiratory system, are central, to an understanding, of the body as a whole. Speech-language pathology also offers an interesting intersection of the social and medical. Speech is after all not merely a biological 10 function, it's also a major means of socialization, and the range of things that might render a patient speechless is vast. Although the digital age has changed many facets of our lives, the rise of the SLP reminds us that there are some basics that no machine can fix or replace for 11 itself.9.• A. NO CHANGE• B. to show that the mechanisms, of the mouth and respiratory, system are central to an understanding• C. to show that the mechanisms of the mouth and respiratory system are central to an understanding• D. to show that the mechanisms of the mouth and respiratory system are central, to an understanding,10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. function; it's• C. function, but it's• D. function it's11.• A. NO CHANGE• B. it.• C. them.• D. us.AnswersPart1 DBCAB ACDAD CPart2 ACBAC DBCAB DPart3 BCBDD CAACB D。

2020年高考英语分类集训——阅读理解(一)

2020年高考英语分类集训——阅读理解（一）第二部分阅读理解（共两节）第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B. C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项.（I）Academic HonestyThis course's philosophy on academic honesty is best stated as "be reasonable．The course recognizes that interactions with classmates and others can facilitate mastery of the course's material．However，there remains a line between gaining the help of another and submitting the work or another．AssessmentYour work on this writing task will be evaluated along three axes primarily．1．ScopeTo what extent does your submission agree with the requirements of the specification？2．CorrectnessTo what extent is your submission correct and free of factual errors？3．StyleTo what extent is your submission readable （i．e．，thoughtfully organized，coherent，words properly spelled）？To obtain a passing grade in this course，all students must ordinarily submit all assigned tasks unless granted an exception in writing by the instructor．How to Submit．1．Step 1 of 3Go to https：∥github．com/submit50/USERNAME，substituting USERNAME in the URL with your own GitHub username．On the left side of the screen，click on "Branch：master"．In the field that says "Find or create a branch…"，type cs50/2017/ap/defender and click "Create branch"．2．Step 2 of 3Click the button that says "Upload files"．Drag your*（doe，docx．pd．cxt）file intothe box that says "Drag files here"．3．Step 3 of 3Click the green "Commit changes" button and you're done．If you run into any trouble，email sysadmins@cs50．harvard．edu!You may resubmit any problem as many times as you'd like before the deadline．Your submission should be graded for correctness within 2 minutes，at which point your score will appear at cs50．me!（1）The assignment is graded by the following aspects except．A．agreements with the requirementsB．length of the passageC．words properly spelledD．correctness of the facts，（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Any problem can't be submitted before the deadlineB．All assigned tasks must be submitted to pass the examC．Discussion with your classmates is forbidden in this courseD．Owning a GitHub username is a must when submitting the assignment（3）What is the purpose of this passage？A．To introduce the writing task to the learnersB．To advertise the writing course to the learnersC．To emphasize the importance of academic honestyD．To inform the readers of some rules about writing assignments（II）The story from my last issue of Power & Presence drew comments from several readers．Most of them went something like "I wish I could have the degree of control over my life that you apparently do．"I want to say，I wish I had the degree of control over my life that it apparently looks like I have．Earlier this summer，several of my 20−something neighbors who had a long and lively conversation in their backyard，which lies just beneath our bedroom window−wide open on thisparticular warmish night．The conversation included drinks of one type or another，the containers for which，when emptied，got thrown loudly into a dustbin．The absurd took place between 2：30 and 3:30 a．m．I debated for a while whether I should get up，dress，go next door，and have a conversation of my own．After tossing（扔硬币决定）and turning for about 15 minutes，I decided to communicate through my open window，I got up．and−in a fairly centered way，called out，"Quiet，please．"They heard me，I think，since their voice quieted a bit，and the cans were thrown with less energy．But the damage was done．I tossed and turned for another half hour but couldn't find my way back to sleep．I got up，walked the house，and finally noticed light dawning and birds singing around 4:45．I lay down again and dozed（小）on and off between 5 and 8，and eventually got out of bed to face the day，tired．I talked to my husband that I honored my feelings．I even appreciated my neighbors' stupidity．I mean they are young adults having a mid−night summer outdoor party．I may have done similar stuff at that age．But in spite of my best efforts at reclaiming calmness，I gave myself a hard time about the fact that I had written that story．Here I was having feelings．I can help others better manage their emotions，so why couldn't I manage my own？I re−read my story．I didn't say I wasn't supposed to have feelings．I said I was supposed to be able to be aware enough to notice them and rids their waves．I said I wanted to make behavior choices based on my instincts（本能）instead of acting out in unconstructive ways．（1）What do most comments on the author's story suggest？A．They misunderstand herB．They disagree with herC．They envy her self−controlD．They appreciate her story（2）What mental events can you see in the author's mind during the incident？A．Anxiety and regretB．Anger and hesitationC．Despair and tensionD．Forgiveness and wish（3）What does the author mean by saying that she even appreciated her neighbors' stupidity？A．It brought back lots of happy memories of her youthB．It helped her realize the actual existence of stupidityC．It was a good example to support her idea in the storyD．It reminded her how she should react to such a matter（4）The underlined phrase "ride their waves" in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to．A．deal with them in a proper wayB．release them fully from my heartC．hide them from other peopleD．promote the exchange of them（III）Anger brings people many damages，and the worst is that anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior．The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger．Not everyone experiences anger in the same way：what angers one person may amuse another．The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces．In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated．We no longer regard duels（决斗）as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behavior on the part of another．Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes．Under most conditions EEG（脑电图）measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal（额叶前部）areas．Behaviorally this corresponds to the general even−handed disposition（意向）that most of us possess most of the time．But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and as a result of this，we are likely to react．And our behavioral response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative．Most positive emotions are associated with approach behavior．we move closer to people welike．Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behavior：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious，But anger is an exception to this pattern．The angrier we are，the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger，This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger．This approach−and−confront behavior is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal a symmetry（不对称）of EEG activity，Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy（同情）towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response．In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger−inspiring situation．（1）The "duels" in Paragraph 2 is an example to show expression of anger．A．varies from person to personB．has a biological factorC．is socially and culturally shapedD．receives no permission nowadays（2）What changes can be found in an angry brain？A．Balanced electrical activity can be foundB．Electrical activity corresponds to dispositionC．The EEG asymmetry is directed to the rightD．Unbalanced patterns are spotted in prefrontal areas，（3）Which of the following is typical of offensive anger？A．Approaching the source of angerB．Moving away from what he dislikesC．Trying to empathize with the individualD．Feeling helpless in the face of anger（4）What is the key message of the last paragraph？A．Behavioral patterns of angerB．Behavioral responses to angerC．How anger relates to other emotionsD．How anger differs from other emotions（IV）In the last decade，Artificial Intelligence has gone from a science−fiction dream to a critical part of our everyday lives．We use AI systems to interact with our phones．Cars like Tesla's interpret and analyze their surroundings to intelligently drive themselves，Amazon monitors our browsing habits and intelligently serves us up products it thinks we'd like to buy．Artificially Intelligent algorithms （运算法则）are here but this is only the beginning，because，in the future，Al is going to change everything．But，do we want it to？Well，what is intelligence？Intelligence collects data about the world and uses that data to make predictions in the short and long term．That applies to both people and machines．So，when we talk about AI in our lives，we're talking about everything，from a computer being able to read a handwritten document，to a robot performing complex surgery on its own．Because the world of AI is incredibly large，let's take a look at some of the most groundbreaking developments．First，Al systems are already prepared to take over thousands，if not millions，of jobs．Any job that consists of a human taking down information from other humans and inputting it into a system is likely to go obsolete．So，cashiers，receptionists，and bank tellers are all on their way out，even pizza delivery．Factories are also becoming fully automated．So，many jobs are threatened by rapidly improving new algorithms that can gather information and deliver it faster and more accurately．But as society changes to accommodate in all machine service world，it'll also open up new Jobs for the next generation：writing software，repairing and maintaining robots，and developing new and better systems．Most notably，machines are also ready to take over dangerous jobs．Firefighting，mining．deep−sea oil drilling，and other careers with high mortality rates will be replaced．As we develop better AI，we're discovering that it cannot just replace human labor but also think in ways that humans can．Algorithms are going to change every avenue of society，starting from something small，like optimizing traffic patterns over time，to something much more serious，like monitoring epidemics and stopping them before they spread Machine learning has even shown to analyze human behavior and predict warning signs，by recognizing common language used by people，like sexual predators or terrorists，and alerting law enforcement totake action．While we may hope that AI will help advance our society，it may just end up working to benefit the tech industry，and only those who can afford to take advantage of cheaper，smarter human replacements．（1）The first paragraph is intended to．A．display the achievement of artificial intelligenceB．introduce the topic of artificial intelligence and its impactC．attract people's attention to the service of Tesla and AmazonD．compare the difference between artificial intelligence and real life（2）What does the underlined word "obsolete" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？A．simpleB．wildC．out of controlD．out of date（3）Which of the following will the author agree with？A．All dangerous jobs with high mortality rates are on the way to be replacedB．A robot can perform a complex operation on cancer patient independentlyC．People are eagerly looking forward to the changes brought by artificial intelligence D．Artificial intelligence can help arrest criminals by analyzing their behavior and language （4）What is the most suitable title for the text？A．How Artificial Intelligence Will Change the World，for Better or Worse B．Unfavorable Impact Brought by Artificial Intelligence Are Not WelcomeC．What the Future of Artificial Intelligence Holds Is Beyond DoubtD．Artificial Intelligence Transforms Our Life into a Better World第二节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中迭出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项为多余选项.A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that frequently eating alone may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices．（1）For children，eating with their families is nod only about preventing bad outcomes−it is alsoabout developing good ones．（2）Experts say that these studies do not seem to prove a cause−and−effect relationship．However，they do suggest a strong correlation．In 2014，the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD）looked at data from nearly thre e−quarters of the world's countries．Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school．（3）That was a finding of a study by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse （CASA）at Columbia University in New York．In a report，researchers said that "teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what's going on in their lives．"Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long−term physical and mental health benefits．（4）G．These children also seemed to have better social skills and self−reported that they were less aggressive．Linda Pagani，one researcher of the study，says that there is "a handful of research suggesting a positive link between eating family meals together frequently and child and teenagers*health．" She stresses that mealtimes shared with parents "likely provide young children with firsthand social interaction，discussions of social issues and day−to−day concerns．"（5）A．So researchers should attach much significance to the gathering of mealtime between parents B．Specifically，the study found that men who ate alone mare than twice a week had a greater risk of sufferingsC．She adds that they may likely help the children have better communication skills with others D．Several studies have looked at the long−tern effects eating with families has on a child E．These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks F．Studies like this have been conducted in other 22 countries during the past decade G．Children falling in this category were also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol参考答案第一节（I）BDD （II）CBDA （III）CBAD （IV）BDAA 第二节BDGEC。

2020新高考读后续写训练

2020新高考读后续写训练-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN1、阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。

It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo. Mary and her classmates were chatting noisily with excitement as their school bus enteredthe zoo parking lot. Today, Mary’s class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their natural habitats.“Before you leave the bus, please make sure you have your partner!” Mrs. Brown announced. To make sure no one got lost in the zoo, each student had a companion. Mary’s companion was named John. John loves animals and was also excited to go to the zoo. But sometimes, John does not follow the rules andgets in trouble. Mary hoped that today, John would follow the rules so they would not get in trouble.While the rest of the students got off the bus, Mary and John quickly ran off to explore. They found the exhibits for many different kinds of animals and learned a lot about their natural habitats. They saw the elephants playing and they saw giraffes eating. They saw the polar bears sleeping and the monkeys leaping. Mary asked John:“John, what is your favorite animal”“I think I like chimpanzees best. They have a lot of energy, just like me! What animal do you like, Mary”“I l ove polar bears! I think their lifestyle in the Arctic is very interesting.”A few hours later, Mary and John started to feel hungry. They made their way back to the zoo entrance to eat lunch at the Rainforest Café. TheRainforest Café is both Mary and John’s favorite restaurant because there isan aquarium inside. The restaurant is also famous for its chocolate cake, which Mary ordered for dessert after they had finished their lunch.As Mary was finishing her cake, John excused himself to go to the restroom. About ten minutes later, an suddenly alarm began to go off and a voice came over the loudspeaker,“Attention! Someone has opened the chimpanzee exhibit! Some chimpanzees have escaped!”People were screaming and starting to run. Mary looked for John, but he was nowhere to be found.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

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2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理Passage1"Metamorphosis"This passage is adapted from "Metamorphosis" by Franz Kafka, a famous story that combines elements of fantasy and reality. This excerpt begins with the protagonist realizing he has literally turned into a giant, beetle-like insect.One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke fromtroubled dreams, he found himself transformed inhis bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could05see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardlyable to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin comparedwith the size of the rest of him, waved about help-10lessly as he looked."What's happened to me?" he thought. It wasn'ta dream. His room, a proper human room althougha little too small, lay peacefully between its fourfamiliar walls. A collection of textile samples lay15spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture thathe had recently cut out of an illustrated magazineand housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a ladyfitted out with a fur hat and fur boa who sat upright,20raising a heavy fur muff that covered the whole ofher lower arm towards the viewer.Gregor then turned to look out the window at thedull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hittingthe pane, which made him feel quite sad. "How25about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense," he thought, but that was something hewas unable to do because he was used to sleeping onhis right, and in his present state couldn't get intothat position. However hard he threw himself onto30his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes sothat he wouldn't have to look at the floundering legs,and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dullpain there that he had never felt before.35He thought, "What a strenuous career it is thatI've chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doingbusiness like this takes much more effort thandoing your own business at home, and on top of thatthere's the curse of travelling, worries about making40train connections, bad and irregular food, contactwith different people all the time so that you cannever get to know anyone or become friendly with them." He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard45so that he could lift his head better; found wherethe itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn't know what to makeof; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he50touched it he was overcome by a cold shudder.He slid back into his former position. "Getting upearly all the time," he thought, "it makes you stupid. You've got to get enough sleep. Other travellingsalesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever55I go back to the guest house during the morning tocopy out the contract, these gentlemen are alwaysstill sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I'd get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best60thing for me. If I didn't have my parents to thinkabout I'd have given in my notice a long time ago,I'd have gone up to the boss and told him just whatI think, tell him everything I would, let him knowjust what I feel. He'd fall right off his desk! And it's a 65funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your subordinates from upthere, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there'sstill some hope; once I've got the money together to70pay off my parents' debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that's definitely what I'll do. That's when I'll make the big change. First of all though,I've got to get up, my train leaves at five."1. According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a• A. curse.• B. disease.• C. nightmare.• D. hoax.2. As used in line 12, "proper" most nearly means• A. called for by rules or conventions.• B. showing politeness.• C. naturally belonging or peculiar to.• D. suitably appropriate.3.The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor's attitude toward his profession?• A. He is resentful.• B. He is diligent.• C. He is depressed.• D. He is eager to please.4.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 14-18 ("A collection … gilded frame")• B. Lines 22-24 ("Gregor then turned … quite sad")• C. Lines 53-59 ("Other … the spot")• D. Lines 59-64 ("But who knows … I feel")5. What central idea does the excerpt communicate through Gregor's experiences?• A. Imagination is a dangerous thing.• B. People are fearful of change.• C. Dreams become our reality.• D. Man is a slave to work.6. The passage most strongly suggests that which of the following is true of Gregor?• A. He feels a strong sense of duty toward his family. • B. He is unable to cope with change.• C. He excels in his profession.• D. He is fearful about his transformation.7.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 11-14 ("What's happened … familiar walls")• B. Lines 22-24 ("Gregor then turned … quite sad")• C. Lines 36-43 ("Doing business … with them")• D. Lines 68-71 ("Well, there's still … what I'll do")8. As used in line 32, "floundering" most nearly means • A. thrashing.• B. painful.• C. pitiful.• D. trembling.9.The author most likely includes a description of Gregor's itch in lines 43-50 to• A. remind the reader that Gregor has turned into an insect.• B. emphasize the disconnect between Gregor's thoughts and his actual situation.• C. give important details about what Gregor's new body looks like.• D. show that Gregor's thoughts are focused on the changes to his body.10. The main rhetorical effect of the final sentence of the excerpt ("First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five") is to• A. provide a resolution to the conflict Gregor faces. • B. foreshadow the conflict between Gregor and his boss. • C. illustrate Gregor's resilience and ability to move on. • D. emphasize Gregor's extreme sense of duty.Passage2Hillary Rodham Clinton SpeechThis passage is adapted from Hillary Rodham Clinton's speech titled "Women's Rights Are Human Rights," addressed to the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995.If there is one message that echoes forth fromthis conference, it is that human rights are women's rights…. And women's rights are human rights.Let us not forget that among those rights are the05right to speak freely and the right to be heard.Women must enjoy the right to participate fully inthe social and political lives of their countries if we want freedom and democracy to thrive and endure.It is indefensible that many women in nongov-10ernmental organizations who wished to participatein this conference have not been able to attend—orhave been prohibited from fully taking part.Let me be clear. Freedom means the right ofpeople to assemble, organize, and debate openly. It15means respecting the views of those who may disagree with the views of their governments. It means nottaking citizens away from their loved ones and jail-ing them, mistreating them, or denying them theirfreedom or dignity because of the peaceful expres-20sion of their ideas and opinions.In my country, we recently celebrated theseventy-fifth anniversary of women's suffrage. Ittook one hundred and fifty years after the signingof our Declaration of Independence for women to25win the right to vote. It took seventy-two years of organized struggle on the part of many courageouswomen and men.It was one of America's most divisive philosophi-cal wars. But it was also a bloodless war. Suffrage was30achieved without a shot fired.We have also been reminded, in V-J Day obser-vances last weekend, of the good that comes whenmen and women join together to combat the forcesof tyranny and build a better world.35We have seen peace prevail in most places for ahalf century. We have avoided another world war.But we have not solved older, deeply-rooted prob-lems that continue to diminish the potential of halfthe world's population.40Now it is time to act on behalf of women everywhere.If we take bold steps to better the lives of women,we will be taking bold steps to better the lives of children and families too. Families rely on mothersand wives for emotional support and care; families45rely on women for labor in the home; and increas-ingly, families rely on women for income needed toraise healthy children and care for other relatives.As long as discrimination and inequities remainso commonplace around the world—as long as50girls and women are valued less, fed less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled and subjectedto violence in and out of their homes—the potentialof the human family to create a peaceful, prosperousworld will not be realized.55Let this conference be our—and the world's—callto action.And let us heed the call so that we can create aworld in which every woman is treated with respectand dignity, every boy and girl is loved and cared for60equally, and every family has the hope of a strongand stable future.1. What is the primary purpose of the passage?• A. To chastise those who have prevented women from attending the conference• B. To argue that women continue to experience discrimination• C. To explain that human rights are of more concern than women's rights• D. To encourage people to think of women's rights as an issue important to all2.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 4-5 ("Let us … be heard")• B. Lines 9-12 ("It is indefensible … taking part")• C. Lines 37-39 ("But we have … population")• D. Lines 43-47 ("Families … other relatives")3. As used in line 28, "divisive" most nearly means• A. conflict-producing.• B. carefully-watched.• C. multi-purpose.• D. time-consuming.4. Based on the speech, with which statement would Clinton most likely agree?• A. More men should be the primary caregivers of their children in order to provide career opportunities for women.• B. Women do not need the support and cooperation of men as they work toward equality.• C. Solutions for global problems would be found faster if women had more access to power.• D. The American movement for women's suffrage should have been violent in order to achieve success more quickly.5.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 6-8 ("Women … endure")• B. Lines 29-30 ("Suffrage … shot fired")• C. Lines 43-47 ("Families … relatives")• D. Lines 48-54 ("As long … realized")6. As used in line 26, "organized" most nearly means• A. arranged.• B. cooperative.• C. hierarchical.• D. patient.7. Which claim does Clinton make in her speech?• A. The conference itself is a model of nondiscrimination toward women.• B. Democracy cannot prosper unless women can participate fully in it.• C. Women's rights are restricted globally by the demands on them as parents.• D. Women are being forced to provide income for their families as a result of sexism.8.Clinton uses the example of V-J Day observations to support the argument that• A. campaigns succeed when they are nonviolent.• B. historical wrongs against women must be corrected. • C. many tragedies could have been avoided with more female participation.• D. cooperation between men and women leads to positive developments.9. According to lines 35-39, problems that affect women • A. harm half of the world's women.• B. are worldwide and long-standing.• C. could be eliminated in half a century.• D. are isolated to a few less developed countries. 10. The fifth paragraph can be described as• A. a distillation of the author's main argument.• B. an acknowledgment of a counterargument.• C. a veiled criticism of a group.• D. a defense against an accusation.Paired Passages—TeaPassage 3Europe was a coffee-drinking continent before itbecame a tea-drinking one. Tea was grown in China, thousands of miles away. The opening of trade routeswith the Far East in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen-05turies gave Europeans their first taste of tea. However, it was an unpromising start for the bev-erage, because shipments arrived stale, and Europeantea drinkers miscalculated the steeping time and measurements. This was a far cry from the Chinese10preparation techniques, known as a "tea ceremony," which had strict steps and called for steeping iniron pots at precise temperatures and pouring into porcelain bowls.China had a monopoly on the tea trade and kept15their tea cultivation techniques secret. Yet as world- wide demand grew, tea caught on in Europe. Some proprietors touted tea as a cure for maladies. Several European tea companies formed, including theEnglish East India Company. In 1669, it imported20143.5 pounds of tea—very little compared to the32 million pounds that were imported by 1834.Europeans looked for ways to circumvent China's monopoly, but their attempts to grow the tea plant(Latin name Camellia sinensis) failed. Some plants25perished in transit from the East. But most often the growing climate wasn't right, not even in the equato-rial colonies that the British, Dutch, and French controlled. In 1763, the French Academy of Sciencesgave up, declaring the tea plant unique to China30and unable to be grown anywhere else. Swedish andEnglish botanists grew tea in botanical gardens, but this was not enough to meet demand.After trial and error with a plant variety dis-covered in the Assam district of India, the British35managed to establish a source to meet the growing demands of British tea drinkers. In May 1838, thefirst batch of India-grown tea shipped to London.The harvest was a mere 350 pounds and arrived in November. It sold for between 16 and 34 shillings40per pound. Perfecting production methods tookmany years, but ultimately, India became the world's largest tea-producing country. By the early 1900s, annual production of India tea exceeded 350 million pounds. This voluminous source was a major factor45in tea becoming the staple of European householdsthat it is today.Passage 4In Europe, there's a long tradition of takingafternoon tea. Tea time, typically four o'clock, means not just enjoying a beverage, but taking time out to50gather and socialize. The occasion is not identical across Europe, though; just about every culture hasits own way of doing things.In France, for example, black tea is served withsugar, milk, or lemon and is almost always accom-55panied by a pastry. Rather than sweet pastries, the French prefer the savory kind, such as the gougère,or puff pastry, infused with cheese.Germans, by contrast, put a layer of slowly melt-ing candy at the bottom of their teacup and top the60tea with cream. German tea culture is strongest inthe eastern part of the country, and during the weektea is served with cookies, while on the weekend orfor special events, cakes are served. The Germansthink of tea as a good cure for headaches and stress. 65Russia also has a unique tea culture, rooted inthe formalism of its aristocratic classes. Loose leaf black tea is served in a glass held by a podstakannik, an ornate holder with a handle typically made fromsilver or chrome—though sometimes it may be gold-70plated. Brewed separately, the tea is then diluted with boiled water and served strong. The strength ofthe tea is seen as a measure of the host's hospitality.Traditionally, tea is taken by the entire family and served after a large meal with jams and pastries.75Great Britain has a rich tradition of its own. Prior to the introduction of tea into Britain, the English had two main meals, breakfast and a second,dinner-like meal called "tea," which was held around noon. However, during the middle of the eighteenth80century, dinner shifted to an evening meal at a late hour; it was then called "high tea." That meant the necessary introduction of an afternoon snack to tide one over, and "low tea" or "tea time" was introduced by British royalty. In present-day Britain, your85afternoon tea might be served with scones and jam, small sandwiches, and cookies (called "biscuits"), depending on whether you're in Ireland, England, or Scotland.Wherever they are and however they take it,90Europeans know the value of savoring an afternoon cup of tea.Data from Euromonitor International and World Bank.1. It can be reasonably inferred, based on Passage 1, that • A. European nations tried to grow tea in their colonies. • B. European tea growers never learned Chinese cultivation techniques.• C. Europeans' purpose in opening trade routes with the Far East was to gain access to tea.• D. Europeans believed tea was ineffective as a treatment against illness.2.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 6-9 ("However … measurements")• B. Lines 16-17 ("Some … maladies")• C. Lines 25-28 ("But … French controlled")• D. Lines 38-40 ("The harvest … per pound")3.Based on the information in Passage 1, what would have been the most likely result if the British had not been able to grow tea in India?• A. Tea would have decreased in price across Europe. • B. The British would have learned to grow tea in Europe. • C. Europeans would have saved their tea for special occasions.• D. China would have produced more tea for the European market.4. As used in line 22, "circumvent" most nearly means• A. destroy.• B. get around.• C. ignore.• D. compete with.5. It can be inferred from Passage 1 and the graphic that • A. English botanical gardens helped make the United Kingdom one of the highest tea-consuming countries in the world.• B. if the French Academy of Sciences hadn't given up growing tea in 1763, France would be one of the highest tea-consuming countries in the world.• C. Britain's success at growing tea in India in the 1800s helped make the United Kingdom one of the highesttea-consuming nations in the world.• D. China's production of tea would be higher if Britain hadn't discovered a way to grow tea in India in the 1800s.6. It is reasonable to infer, based on Passage 2, that • A. serving tea is an important part of hosting guests in Russia.• B. Germans generally avoid medicine for stress.• C. drinking tea in modern Britain is confined to the upper classes.• D. the usual hour for drinking tea varies across Europe.7.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 48-50 ("Tea time … socialize")• B. Lines 63-64 ("The Germans … stress")• C. Lines 71-72 ("The strength … hospitality")• D. Lines 81-84 ("That meant … royalty")8. As used in line 66, "aristocratic" most nearly means • A. culinary.• B. political.• C. rigid.• D. noble.pared with France's tradition of tea-drinking, having tea in Germany• A. is more formal.• B. involves sweeter food.• C. requires greater solitude.• D. is more of a meal than a snack.10. Which statement is the most effective comparison of the two passages' purposes?• A. Passage 1's purpose is to describe the early history of tea in Europe, while Passage 2's purpose is to compare European cultural practices relating to tea.• B. Passage 1's purpose is to argue against the Chinese monopoly of tea, while Passage 2's purpose is to argue that Europeans perfected the art of tea drinking.• C. Passage 1's purpose is to express admiration for the difficult task of tea cultivation, while Passage 2's purpose is to celebrate the rituals surrounding tea. • D. Passage 1's purpose is to compare Chinese and European relationships with tea, while Passage 2's purpose is to describe the diffusion of tea culture in Europe.11. Both passages support which generalization about tea? • A. Tea drinking in Europe is less ritualized than in China.• B. Coffee was once more popular in Europe than tea was. • C. India grows a great deal of tea.• D. Tea is a staple of European households.Passage5Spinosaurus PassageAt long last, paleontologists have solved a century-old mystery, piecing together information discoveredby scientists from different times and places.The mystery began when, in 1911, German05paleontologist Ernst Stromer discovered the first evi- dence of dinosaurs having lived in Egypt. Stromer,who expected to encounter fossils of early mammals,instead found bones that dated back to the Creta-ceous period, some 97 to 112 million years prior.10His finding consisted of three large bones, whichhe preserved and transported back to Germany for examination. After careful consideration, heannounced that he had discovered a new genus ofsauropod, or a large, four-legged herbivore with15a long neck. He called the genus Aegyptosaurus,which is Greek for Egyptian lizard. One of these Aegyptosaurs, he claimed, was the Spinosaurus.Tragically, the fossils that supported his claim were destroyed during a raid on Munich by the Royal Air20Force during World War II. The scientific world wasleft with Stromer's notes and sketches, but no hard evidence that the Spinosaurus ever existed.It was not until 2008, when a cardboard box ofbones was delivered to paleontologist Nizar Ibrahim25by a nomad in Morocco's Sahara desert, that a clue to solving the mystery was revealed. Intrigued, Ibrahimtook the bones to a university in Casablanca forfurther study. One specific bone struck him as in- teresting, as it contained a red line coursing through 30it. The following year, Ibrahim and his colleagues at Italy's Milan Natural History Museum were look-ing at bones that resembled the ones delivered theyear before. An important clue was hidden in thecross-section they were examining, as it contained35the same red line Ibrahim had seen in Morocco.Against all odds, the Italians were studying bonesthat belonged to the very same skeleton as the bones Ibrahim received in the desert. Together, these bones make up the partial skeleton of the very first Spino-40saurus that humans have been able to discover since Stromer's fossils were destroyed.Ibrahim and his colleagues published a studydescribing the features of the dinosaur, which pointto the Spinosaurus being the first known swimming45dinosaur. At 36 feet long, this particular Spinosaurus had long front legs and short back legs, each with a paddle-shaped foot and claws that suggest a carnivo-rous diet. These features made the dinosaur a deft swimmer and excellent hunter, able to prey on large50river fish.Scientists also discovered several aquatic adapta-tions that made the Spinosaurus unique comparedto dinosaurs that lived on land but ate fish. Similarto a crocodile, the Spinosaurus had a long snout,55with nostrils positioned so that the dinosaur could breathe while part of its head was submerged in wa-ter. Unlike predatory land dinosaurs, the Spinosaur-us had powerful front legs. The weight of these legs would have made walking upright like a Tyranno-60saurus Rex impossible, but in water, their strong legsgave the Spinosaurus the power it needed to swimquickly and hunt fiercely. Most notable, though, wasthe discovery of the Spinosaurus's massive sail. Madeup of dorsal spines, the sail was mostly meant for65display and did not serve a purpose of its own.Ibrahim and his fellow researchers used bothmodern digital modeling programs and Stromer'sbasic sketches to create and mount a life-size replicaof the Spinosaurus skeleton. The sketches gave them70a starting point, and by arranging and rearrangingthe excavated fossils they had in their possession,they were able to use technology to piece together hypothetical bone structures until the mystery ofthis semiaquatic dinosaur finally emerged from the75murky depths of the past.1. Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of this passage?• A. Paleontologists were able to identify a new species of dinosaur after overcoming a series of obstacles. • B. Most dinosaur fossils are found in pieces and must be reconstructed using the latest technology.• C. The first evidence of the Spinosaurus was uncovered by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer.• D. Fossils of an aquatic dinosaur called the Spinosaurus were first found in Egypt in the early twentieth century.2.According to the passage, the fossils Stromer found in the Egyptian desert were• A. younger and smaller than he expected.• B. younger and larger than he expected.• C. older and smaller than he expected.• D. older and larger than he expected.3.Based on the information in the passage, the author would most likely agree that• A. aquatic dinosaurs were more vicious than dinosaurs that lived on land.• B. too much emphasis is placed on creating realistic models of ancient dinosaurs.• C. most mysteries presented by randomly found fossils are unlikely to be solved.• D. the study of fossils and ancient life provides important scientific insights.4.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 12-15 ("After careful … long neck")• B. Lines 18-22 ("Tragically, … ever existed")• C. Lines 42-45 ("Ibrahim … swimming dinosaur")• D. Lines 69-75 ("The sketches … past")5.As used in line 36, the phrase "against all odds" most nearly means• A. by contrast.• B. at the exact same time.• C. to their dismay.• D. despite low probability.6.The author uses the phrases "deft swimmer" and "excellent hunter" in lines 48-49 to• A. produce a clear visual image of the Spinosaurus. • B. show how the Spinosaurus searched for prey.• C. create an impression of a graceful but powerful animal. • D. emphasize the differences between aquatic and land dinosaurs.7.The information presented in the passage strongly suggests that Ibrahim• A. chose to go into the field of paleontology after reading Stromer's work.• B. was familiar with Stromer's work when he found the fossils with the red lines.• C. did not have the proper training to solve the mystery of the Spinosaurus on his own.• D. went on to study other aquatic dinosaurs after completing his research on the Spinosaurus.8.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 23-26 ("It was … revealed")• B. Lines 42-45 ("Ibrahim … swimming dinosaur")• C. Lines 51-53 ("Scientists … ate fish")• D. Lines 66-69 ("Ibrahim and his fellow resea rchers …skeleton")9. As used in line 73, "hypothetical" most nearly means • A. imaginary.• B. actual.• C. possible.• D. interesting.10.Based on the information in the passage, which statement best describes the relationship between Stromer's and Ibrahim's work with fossils?• A. Stromer's work was dependent on Ibrahim's work. • B. Stromer's work was contradicted by Ibrahim's work. • C. Ibrahim's work built on Stromer's work.• D. Ibrahim's work copied Stromer's work.。