2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理

合集下载

2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练(含答案)

2020年高考英语阅读理解训练(绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印练习)一AA new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, “the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy,” said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “This study provides a unique setting (背景) to answer the life expectancy question because the (heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（浓度）”, Greenstone said in an email. “Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people’s exposure over long time periods,” he said.The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai River, which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950—1980 period of central planning, and, though disconti nued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留问题） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China’s north differently from the south.The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991—2000. They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.1. The main idea of this passage is that ___________.A. the government provided free coal for heating in North ChinaB. coal burning causes bad air quality across ChinaC. research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancyD. a new study finds different particulates in South China2.According to Greenstone, ________ greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.A. power stationsB. construction sitesC. the free heating policyD. gases from vehicles3.It is implied in the passage that _________.A. coal is no longer used for heating in North ChinaB. air quality was comparatively better in South ChinaC. southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980sD. people preferred to live in South China after 19804.The underlined word “particulates” most probably means _________.A. dirty cloudsB. particular smokeC. dangerous bacteriaD. harmful dustBThere’s nothing like a good night’s sleep— but what does that really mean? It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others needmore. Still, experts can determine guidelines that work for most people. The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week. The foundation acknowledges that sleep needs will vary — lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration — but their recommendations offer a general guideline. For example, teenagers (14 —17 years old) need 8—10 hours’ sleep every day.To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations based on a systematic review of the world scientific literature.A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the foundation. It can also have serious consequences on the brain. People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression, and can endanger others. Those that become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them.Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative e ffects. Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still unconvincing and needs more attention. Currently, there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences. There is, however, laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension.5. Which is TRUE about sleeping time?A. Experts’ guideline for sleeping time applies to all the people.B. The time you need for sleep is related to your state of mind.C. The less you sleep, the more productive you are.D. The more you sleep, the more energetic you are.6. How did the National Sleeping Foundation do the research?A. By interviewing different people.B. By consulting other experts.C. By reading lots of articles.D. By doing systematic experiments.7. The research shows that people without enough sleep will _______.A. lose some weightB. drive faster than usualC. dream during their sleepD. eat more food8. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that _______.A. more research on oversleeping is neededB. researchers now agree with those in the pastC. too much sleep may result in social changesD. research on oversleeping is quite convincingCThe term “resume” means a document describing one’s educational qualitifications and professional experience. However guidelines for preparing a global resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the company culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The following list is a good place to start.* In many countries, it is standard procedure to attach a photo or have your photo printed on your resume. Do not attach a photograph to your resume if you are sending it to the United States, though.* Educational requirements differ from country to country. In most case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be enough. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.* Pay attention to the resume format(格式) you use--chronological(时间的) or revers-chronological order. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the revers-chronological format, which means listing your current or most recent experience first.* The level of computer technology and accessibility to the Internet varies from country to country. Even if a company or individual lists an e-mail address, there is no guarantee that they will actually receive your email. Send a paper copy of your resume , as well as the emailed copy, just to make sure that it is received.* If you are writing your resume in English, find out if the receiver uses BritishEnglish or American English because there are variations between the two versions.* Although English is widely accepted today as being the universal language of business, most multinational companies will expect you to speak the language of one of the countries in which they do business, in addition to English. Have your resume prepared in both languages, and be ready for your interview to be conducted in both languages. Most companies will want to see and hear proof of your language skills.* Be aware that paper sizes are different countries. The United States standard is 81/2 by 11 inches, while the European A4 standard is 21 by 29.7 centimeters. When you send your r esume by email, reformat it to the receiver’s standard. Otherwise, when it is printed out, half of your material may be missing.9. From the passage, we learn that ______.A. We can’t list the oldest experience first in a resumeB. Asian countries may have the same standard paper sizeC. A resume can help us know about a person’s personalityD. A person’s educational background should be included in a resume10. The passage is most probably intended for ______ .A. Job hunters that seek careers abroadB. Companies that do international businessC. People that are employed by companies overseasD. Graduates that can speak over one foreign language11. The passage mainly wants to tell us that a global resume should ______.A. Be highly professionalB. Be especially informativeC. Be culturally appropriateD. Be logically chronologicalDHalf of the world’s population lives in areas affected by Asian monsoons（季风）, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.Every summer, moist（潮湿的）air masses, known as monsoon, produce large quantities of rainfall in India, East Asia, Indonesia, Northern Australia and East Africa, which are pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressurearea to the south.According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area date to 1950, too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years travelling across Asia locating trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings（年轮）or circles, inside the trunks of thousands of ancient trees at more than 300 sites.Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document—a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas（地图集）. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry conditions. “If the monsoon bas ically fails or is very weak one year, the trees affected by the monsoon at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the tree chronology（年表）that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability. ”Armed with such a sweeping set of data, researchers say they now can begin to refine climate computer models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding,” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist who is with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’spaleoclimate（古气侯）branch studying weather patterns over the history of the Earth. “So, to get a knowledge of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”12．What’s the passage mainly about?A．The achievements of Edward Cook.B．The necessity of weather forecast.C．A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.D．The effects of Asian monsoons.13．It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because______.A．it is hard to keep long-term climate recordsB．they are formed under complex climate systemsC．they influence many nationsD．there is heavy rainfall in Asia14．According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees_________.A．offer people information about the regional climateB．have a great influence on the regional climateC．determine the regional climateD．reflect all kinds of regional climate information15．What do we know about the research according to Eugene Wahl?A．It will help people prevent droughts and floods.B．It should include information about human life in the past.C．It has analysed moisture models worldwide.D．It is a great achievement in climate science.参考答案A ---CCBDB ---- BCDAC---DACD----CBAD二AWanted, Someone for a KissWe’re looking for producers to join us in the second of London 100FM. You’ll work on the station’s music programmers. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss100.Father ChristmasWe’re looking for a very special person preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit. Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December17 to December24 except Sunday, 10:30—16:00 Excellent pay.Please contact the Enterprise Shopping Center, Station Parade, Eastbourne. Accountants AssistantWhen you join in them in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.Walden District CouncilSoftware TrainerIf you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make our decision, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Ogilvie, Palmlace Limited.1. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who _______.A. is aged between 24 and 40B. may do some training workC. should deal with general dutiesD. can work for about a month2. Which position is open to recent school graduates?A. Producer, London Kiss.B. Father Christmas.C. Accountants AssistantD. Software TrainerBGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.B. People remember well what they learned in childhood.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.4. The author explains the law of overlearning by .A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. using examplesD. making a comparison5. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is .A. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies6. What is the author's opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. It increases students' learning interest.C. It's possible to result in poor memory.D. It's helpful only in a limited way.CBy 2050, a completely new type of human evolve as a result of extremely new technology, behavior, and natural selection. This is according to Cadell Last, a researcher at the Global Brain Institute, who claims mankind is undergoing a major “evolutionary transition”.In less than four decades, Mr. Last claims we will live longer, have children in old age and rely on artificial intelligence to do ordinary and boring tasks. This shift is so significant, he claims, it is comparable to the change from monkeys to apes, and apes to humans. “Your 80 or 100 is going to be so radically differe nt than your grandparents,” Mr. Last says, who believes we will spend much of our time living in virtual reality. Some evolutionary scientists believe this age could be as high as 120 by 2050.Mr. Last claims humans will also demonstrate delayed sexual maturation, according to a report by Christina Sterbenz in Business Insider. This refers to something known as life history theory which attempts to explain how natural selection shapes key events in a creature’s life, such as reproduction. It suggests thatas brain sizes increase, organisms need more energy and time to reach their full potential, and so reproduce less.Instead of living fast and dying younger, Mr. Last believes humans will live slow and die old. “Global society at the moment is a complete mess,” he told MailOnline. “But in crisis there is opportunity, and in apocalypse (启示) there can be transform ation. So I think the next system humanity creates will be far more sophisticated, fair, and abundant than our current civilization.”“I think our next system will be as different from the modern world, as our contemporary world is from the medieval (中世纪的) world. The biological clock isn't going to be around forever,” he added, and said that people could pause it for some time using future technology.The change is already happening. Today, the average age at which a woman in Britain has her first baby has been rising steadily stands at 29. 8. In the US, just one percent of first children were born to women over the age of 35 in 1970. By 2012, that figure rose to 15 percent.“As countries become socio-economically advanced, more and more people, especially women have the option to engage in cultural reproduction,” Mr. Last added. And as well as having more child-free years to enjoy leisure time, he believes artificial intelligence will make up the need for low-skill jobs. We may also spend a large amount of time living in virtual reality. “I’m not quite sure most people have really absorbed the implications of this possibility,” Mr. Last said.His vi ews are detailed in a paper, titled “Human Evolution, Life History Theory, and the End of Biological Reproduction" published Current Aging Science.7. According to Cadell Last, a completely new type of human will appear because of ______.① artificial intelligence ② new technology ③ natural selection ④ mundane tasks⑤ behaviorA. ②③⑤B. ①②③C. ③④⑤D. ①②⑤8. Which statement is compared by Mr. Last to the change from monkeys to apes, andapes to humans?A. We have diseases and die young.B. We spend less time in virtual reality.C. We give birth to a child when we are young.D. We use intelligent robots to do everyday housework.9. The underlined words in the third paragraph most probably mean “______”.A. Reproduction.B. Reproduce less.C. Natural selection shapes key events.D. Organisms need more energy and time to ripen.10. In the next system Mr. Last explained we can infer that ______.A. women are engaged in careers or hobbies instead of giving birth to babiesB. women are engaged in playing computer games rather than workingC. women are engaged in cultural reproduction in place of menD. women are engaged in living in virtual reality without optionsDMost teens can't wait to learn to drive. Not so with me. Driving made me nervous.I didn't get a license until I turned 24 years old. As a result, when I first married, we only had one car and car pooled to work. My husband's hours were different from mine by one hour. I worked earlier. So he dropped me off and went to the diner to drink coffee until work time.Then, in the afternoons, I leisurely walked the three miles to his wo rk place where I waited in his car, reading a book.One day while waiting for him, I noticed the most beautiful Cadillac pull in the lot. It was powder blue and sleek looking. The kind of car you dream about. I was busily admiring the car, when I noticed the driver. Honestly, she was probably the prettiest woman I had ever seen off the movie screen.She pulled into the spot beside our car and it was all I could do not to stare. There was a striking resemblance to Liz Taylor. Jet black hair and alabaster skin. Our eyes made contact and she smiled at me. Her eyes were as blue as the sea, and teeth like aneven row of pearls. She was wearing a light blue shirt that just matched her car. Peeking through her long, softly curled hair I could see gold hoop earrings. They had to be gold to shine like that. A couple of minutes later, a nice looking man came out of the building, entered her car, leaned over and kissed her and she drove away.Sitting there in my jeans, shirt and hair in a pony tail, I wanted to cry. How could some people have it all?Maybe I would have forgotten about her, but the following week, I saw her again. Then it became almost routine to see her about once a week. She seemed friendly and always waved, flashing a big smile. My envy lingered long after she drove away.Many nights when sleep evaded me, I would think about the beautiful lady. I wondered if she and her husband ate out, and where they dined, and what she was wearing. I wanted her to get out of the car and let me see her full length. Did she wear really high heeled shoes and pants, or a skirt.I would get my answers in a couple of weeks.Sitting in our usual parking lot, I was holding my book, watching her over the top of it. She was waiting and when her husband came to the car, she called to him. They spoke a few words and he opened the car door for her to step out. He took her arm and helped her out of the car. I could see very well as she moved to get out. She was wearing a skirt.She haltingly walked around to the passenger side very slowly, leaning on a walking cane. Sitting sideways in the car, she lifted one leg with her hands and then the other one. The beautiful lady had a prosthesis on the left leg and a brace on the right leg. I couldn't w atch them drive away as the tears were blinding me. For weeks I had envied this woman and her way of life, while I had been able to walk three miles to our car!When my husband arrived and found me crying, he immediately asked what was wrong. Through my tears, I told him about the beautiful lady. He said he knew her husband and also knew the story. The beautiful lady and her parents were in a car that either stalled or got caught on the railroad tracks and was hit by a train. Both parents were killed and she was severely injured. She was only 12 years old. The railroadmade a large settlement with her because the crossing had no signals. He explained her car was specially built for her needs as well as the home.I prayed for forgiveness all the way home. The lady I thought had everything I didn't. I realized how lucky I was to have my parents, the ability to walk, run or dance through life and many wonderful things money can't buy. I would not have traded places with the beautiful lady for anything.When you meet a person who seems to be much better off than you, don't be fooled.11. In the afternoons the woman walked three miles to her husband’s work place to___.A. take exercise on the wayB. meet the beautiful ladyC. enjoy the scenery and readingD. wait for her husband12. After seeing the beautiful lady, the woman concluded_______.A. the beautiful lady led a rich and happy lifeB. the beautiful lady liked to show off herselfC. she and her husband must make more moneyD. she shouldn’t have married her husband13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The woman learned that health and family are more important.B. Th e woman was poor and couldn’t afford another car and fancy clothes.C. The woman envied the beautiful lady of her capable husband.D. The woman regretted marrying her husband.14.The underlined word “haltingly”(paragraph 10) probably means________.A. proudlyB. excitedlyC. difficultlyD. steadily15.Which of the following do you think can be the best title of the passage?A. Seeing is believingB. Trust her heart instead of her lookC. Looks can be deceivingD. Fooled by her look阅读理解A---- DC B---- BCAD C----- ADDA D-----DAACC三AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?。

--2020年高中英语时文新闻拓展阅读理解四篇-3(附详答)

2020年高中英语时文新闻拓展阅读理解四篇Passage 1 疫情使“食物银行”面临危机Skyrocketing unemployment due to the coronavirus(新冠病毒) pandemic(大流行病) has been forcing a growing number of Americans to turn to charitable services for assistance as food insecurity among families with children grows. New York City Mission Society(NYCMS) has been serving the city’s most underserved(缺少关爱的) children since 1812. Recently, it has been making food and utility baskets for the children it serves and delivering them during the pandemic.“I can't tell you how desperately these food baskets are needed...In the New York tri-state area, we have a very serious situation because so many residents live at or below the pover ty level,” Shafiroff, a member of NYCMS, told Fox News. “The food bank across the area are very helpful...but the supply and the demand are not working the way they should right now. There is massive demand all over the country --39 million Americans out o f work, and this translates into no food on the table.”Shafiroff noted that a major issue during the pandemic has been getting food to the food banks, especially amid the shutdown of multiple meat processing plants across the country. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration(食品药品管理局) has even temporarily loosened its food labeling policies during the coronavirus pandemic and give producers more flexibility amid food shortages.According to a Brookings analysis, almost 35 percent of households with children said they did not have sufficient food, that's 14 percent higher than during the recession. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Shafiroff is encouraging those who can afford it to make donations to their local food bank. “I know my husband and I recently donated 10,000 meals to Heart of the Hamptons, which is a food bank in the Hamptons, because we feel so strongly about providing food and being part of th e solution,” said Shafiroff. "And of course, 10,000 meals really doesn't mean much when you look at a country with 39 million people out of work, but if we all work tog ether, I believe we can solve this problem.”1 What did New York City Mission Society do to the children ?A Helped children grow happily.B Treated children with coronavirus.C Provided children with food.D Gave children baskets of books.2 What did government do to solve food shortages ?A Gave more food to food banks and Americans who were out of work.B Relaxed policies to enable food production more flexible.C Issued policies to meet the food demand.D Helped Americans to find jobs amid pandemic.3 What does Shafiroff appeal people to do in last paragraph ?A To make donations if people have food or money.B Create more job chances for people.C Work together to fight against the pandemic.D Look after people who are suffering the virus.Passage 2 疫情中的“拥抱帘”创意Sometimes you just want a hug from your grandma. A little girl from Riverside, Calif., wanted to hug her grandparents, but couldn’t because of the coronavirus pandemic, which has forced the family members to keep their distance from each other. Getting creative, 10-year-old Paige created a “hug curtain” using a shower curtain, plastic bags, disposable plates and a hot glue gun. Mom Lindsay Okray, who works as a nurse, supervised the set-up. On Facebook, the proud mom praised about Paige’s idea, which was then set up outside of the grandparents’ front door at home.“Paige saw a video of someone who made this type of ‘blanket’ to hug their family. She put together a list and she designed it so she could hug nana and papa.. this girl is so amazing, and w e were so happy to be able to hug them!!” Lindsay wrote on Facebook, along with photos and video of the girl using the “hug curtain.”In the photos and video of the curtain, the grandparents are seen taking turns giving Paige big hugs. “It might be wet from the Lysol(杀菌剂) wipe,” Lindsay can be heard off-camera saying, once the grandparents open the door. “Oh my God, I love you,” Grandma says, while excitedly embracing her granddaughter. “How cool is this?” she adds. Those on Facebook were equally pleased wi th the creation and praised Paige’s design. “God bless you sweetie. You are a wonderful granddaughter. And very smart,” one person commented. “So cute,” another wrote.“So great!” one person commented, while another simply wrote “Awesome!”Though the “hug” curtain is a sweet gesture, make sure you continue to protect yourself and others from the novel coronavirus by practicing proper hygiene(卫生) like washing your hands, wearing a face mask outside, and maintaining a safe social distancing of 6 feet from others, per guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1 Why did Paige create the “hug curtain” ?A To make use of extra plastic bags.B To give her grandparents hugs.C To post photos and videos on Facebook.D To show her creative talent.2 What is true about the “hug curtain” ?A It was firstly created by Paige.B It was made by Paige’s mother.C It was supposed to be worn.D It was partly made of plastic bags.3 What is the attitude of people on Facebook toward the “hug curtain”?A ComplimentaryB WorriedC UnconcernedD Annoyed4 What is the purpose of the last paragraph ?A Praise the hug curtain one more time.B Remind people to take protective measures.C Show people how to protect themselves.D Tell people how to fight against coronavirus.Passage 3 机器翻译比人工翻译好吗？For me, it was bacon. There I was, standing in the streets of Medellin, Colombia, looking hungrily at a delicious empanada(肉馅卷饼). The sign read 'queso y tocino'. Because I knew some essential Spanish vocabulary, I knew that 'queso' was cheese. But 'tocino'? I typed it into my smartphone translation app. What came back? 'Tocino'. I later learned that means 'bacon' in the local language. Computer-assisted translation is popular. Google Translate, for example, is used by more than 500 million people. But while convenient and easy to use, they are hardly perfect. Now, dropping the odd expression now and again is hardly important on an informal conversational level –as might happen to a tourist on holiday. But in more formal circumstances, such as a medical or legal discussion, the wrong expression can be disastrous. So, can a computer translator ever equal a human?The technology has come a long way. These days, people can wear a 'translation earpiece'. These pick up the foreign terms and translate it directly to the wearer. Andrew Ochoa, chief executive of US start-up Waverly Labs, a producer of one such earpiece, says they work by 'combining a network of algorithms(演算) and speech-recognition technology'. But they have limitations. Firstly, there's a delay while the phrase is translated. How long often depends on the connection strength. Secondly, they aren't able to communicate human emotion well. Human conversation is more sensitive than just the words used. It has tone, attitude, for example. "If you want to create a relationship…you need a human translator to make it sound natural," Zoey Cooper, brand and content director at Wordbank, a global marketing and translation agency, told the BBC.So, while many professional translators do use computer-assisted translation tools to help them with the repetitive nature of translation, context is important. It might work well for a survey or instruction manual, but for important human-to-human speech, and for the time being at least, better to use a translator, or your message might get mistaken or lost in translation.1 What did the author want to buy in Colombia?A some baconB a cheese hamburgerC a cheese and bacon empanadaD a smartphone2 When can a computer-assisted translation error be a big problem?A When a tourist is visiting.B When two doctors are having discussionC When two kids are having fun.D When we are reading a foreign magazine.3 How do translation earpieces work?A They calculate and recognize speech.B They search on the internet.C Humans do the translations behind them.D They translate by using smartphones.4 What are the disadvantages of translation earpieces?A They will show the results at once.B They are quite expensive.C They don’t need high technology.D They can’t express feelings.Passage 4 残疾女孩的创业路When Liu Yanzhi was a teenager, she would secretly apply her mother's lipstick and go out onto the streets in her wheelchair with her younger sister. However, many passersby gave her contemptuous looks, saying that it was silly for a disabled person to wear makeup. Her sister was often embarrassed and asked Liu not to do it. "I was quite angry," said Liu, who has been unable to walk since she contracted a fever when she was 8 months old. "Which law says disabled women can't wear makeup? Every woman has the right to pursue beauty. Wearing makeup makes women like me confident."At age 25, Liu－then a single mother with a baby daughter－used an interest-free loan arranged by the local government to open a beauty salon in her home county in Anhui province. Now, the 31-year-old owns a factory that produces her own brand of cosmetics. Her success did not come easy, though. In 2009, Liu took the gaokao, the annual college entry exam, and won a place at a vocational school(职业学校) in Hefei, Anhui's capital. After touring the campus, she declined the offer. Without her parents, the lack of accessiblefacilities would make her journey between the dormitory and teaching building an real challenge every day. "I lay in bed for three days thinking about what I should do," Liu said. "I dared not cry, because I could see how heartbroken my mother was." Instead, she sold ice cream, tended jewelry stalls and distributed leaflets. Whenever possible, she spoke with other retailers, looking for ways to achieve financial independence. Then, she worked in a local beauty salon for a couple of years. She earned a low wage, but discovered her career, learning massage techniques and how to apply makeup. She also became a qualified beautician and dietitian.In 2012, she obtained a 50,000 yuan ($7,000) loan, rented a street-front shop and opened a beauty salon. In the first two years, the salon lost money. Liu's mother asked her to give up, but she brushed concerns aside and traveled around the country to attend training sessions run by noted beauticians.1 What does the underlined word “contemptuous” probably mean in paragraph 1 ?A admirableB not caringC confusedD not respectful2 Why did Liu declined the offer of a vocational school ?A Because the journey to Anhui’s capital was long and hard.B Because her parents told her to refuse the offer.C Because the daily life on campus was challenging to her.D Because she thought the study was full of challenges.3 How can you describe Liu according to paragraph 3 ?A optimistic and hard-workingB considerate and beautifulC fortunate and strongD clever and thoughtful4 What will be talked about in the following paragraph ?A Liu traveled around the country.B Liu finally made it after training.C Liu went back to school for study.D Liu closed her beauty salon.passage 1 答案：1. C. 根据第一段最后一句，Recently, it has been making food and utility baskets for the children itserves and delivering them during the pandemic，最近，它一直在儿童制作食品和公用设施篮子，并在疫情期间运送这些篮子。

2020年新高考高三英语阅读专练（含答案精析）

2020年新高考高三英语阅读专练（含答案精析）AMumbai’s chefs were quick to spot the latest threat facing India’s economy. As they searched for ingredients in Crawford market, where vendors sell fruit, vegetables and other kitchen staples, they began hearing prices quoted not per kilogram, but per quarter-kilo—a way attempting to mask price increases. Returning from a recent shopping activity, one chef checked off the items rising sharply in price: tomatoes, cabbages, fish, spices—almost every ingredient, in fact, in the Indian cookbook.The vendors had some plausible excuses. The weather has been changeable, and delivery systems unreliable. But although an increase in inflation(通货膨胀) was widely foreseen, the severity of it was not. Consumer prices rose by over 7.3% in December, compared with a year earlier, the biggest jump since July 2014.Various difficulties will complicate the government’s efforts to fight an economic slowdown. India’s GDP grew by only 4.5% in the third quarter compared with a year earlier. That figure would have been as low as 3.1% were it not for a hurried government-spending activity. But any increase in demand could prompt an offsetting response from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the central bank. It may choose to extended stagnation(停滞) so as to avoid the uglier scenery of stagflation(滞胀).Stagflation usually begins with a setback to supply, such as India’s unseasonal rains. These misfortunes both lower output and lift costs. But once prices have increased sufficiently to reflect the short supply, they should in principle stop rising. Some economists expect inflation to begin falling as soon as February. After all, core inflation, which excludes food and fuel prices, remains below 4%.The problem is that before inflation disappears, Indians may start believing it will stay, making it more likely to persist. The RBI’s inflation-targeting framework, which was adopted in 2015, was supposed to fight this tendency. But the framework has “yet to be fully tested”, according to a recent lecture by Raghuram, the former RBI governor who introduced it.1. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?A. To give advice on how to buy cheap ingredients.B. To make an explanation for price increases.C. To lead to the topic by presenting an example.D. To emphasize the hard life of Indian chefs.2. What’s the possible GDP growth rate of India without the government spending?A. 4.5%.B. 7.3%.C. 3.1%.D. 4%.3. Which of the following is NOT true about inflation -targeting framework?A. This framework was believed to control the inflation.B. This framework has been tested to be effective.C. This framework was introduced by the former RBI governor.D. This framework was adopted in 2015.【答案】1～3 CCB【解析】本文是一篇说明文，说明印度国内的通货膨胀问题。

2020年高考英语专题训练系列 3-2 阅读理解记叙文(含答案)

3.2阅读理解记叙文-2020年高考英语专题训练系列(一)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A young woman went to her grandmother and told her about her life and how things were so hard for her. She didn’t know how she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved, a new one would pop up.Her grandmother took her to the kitchen. She filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire, and soon the pots came to boil. In the first pot she placed carrots, in the second she placed eggs, and in the last she placed ground coffee beans.She let them boil, without saying a word. In about 20 minutes she turned off the burners. She fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. She pulled the eggs out and placed them in a bowl. Then she spooned up the coffee and placed it in a bowl.Turning to her granddaughter, she asked, “Tell me what you see.” “Carrots, eggs and coffee,” she replied. Her grandmother brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots. She did and noted that they were soft. The grandmother then asked the granddaughter to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard boiled egg. Finally, the grandmother asked the granddaughter to sip the coffee. The granddaughter smiled as she tasted its rich smell then asked, “What does it mean, grandmother?”Her grandmother explained that each of these objects had faced the same adversity: boiling water. Each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and persevering. However, after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior, but after sitting through the boiling water, its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique, however. After they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.“Which are you?” she asked her granddaughter.1. What was wrong with the young woman?A. She is poor in cook.B. She found life too difficult for her.C. She could not solve a problem.D. She had a fight with her husband.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. The granddaughter loved the coffee most.B. The grandmother asked her granddaughter to take an egg.C. The granddaughter chose to be someone like the coffee beans.D. One is the man who decides what kind of person he will be.3. The underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 5 most probably means .A. situationB. misfortuneC. adventureD. advantage4. What is the best title of the passage?A. Life Is HardB. Change the WorldC. Carrots, Eggs, or Coffee BeansD. To Be Yourself助读词汇pot n.锅burner n. 炉子sip vt. 啜；小口喝react vi. 反应persevering adj. 不屈不挠的fragile adj.易碎的interior n.内部；本质unique adj.独特的pop up 不然出现ground coffee beans 新磨的咖啡豆fish sth. out 捞出spoon up舀起pull off the shell 剥去外壳be subjected to 遭受；经受(二)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020届高考英语阅读理解(四选一)专题分类特训---阅读3(一)

1、 Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chance are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the Songs on your playlist are much cooler.But here is what scientists found recently: people’s mu sic tastes change as they age, according to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. So it’s likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents’ whether you like it or not.We used to think that culture and personality are the only factors that affect one’s music choice. But researchers at the University of Cambridge, UK, gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years. They noticed that as people age, their social circumstances change, and so does their music taste. There are three musical periods that people pass through as they“mature-intense”,“contemporary” and “sophisticated”. The first period comes in the teenagers years, during which people like intense music such as punk rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as independent individuals. But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyle changes—they socialize more and want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become more fond of contemporary music, such as pop and R&B, which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties.When middle age comes, things have settled down for most people. This period will be dominated by more “sophisticated” music, such as jazz and classical music, as well as more catchy music like country, folk, and blues. “For many, this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family, and there is a requirement for relaxing, emotive music,” Jason Rentfrow, a r esearcher, told The telegraph.But you must be thinking: “Aren’t there old people who are still into rock music?” Of course there are. But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. “We use music for different reasons,” he said, "and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths."1.What can influence peopled musical tastes in the past according to the passage?A.Social circumstances.B.Culture and personality.C.Age.D.All of the above.2.Why do the teenagers like intense music?A.Because they lead a stressful life.B.Because they want to build up their identity.C.Because they have an aggressive goal.D.Because they want to be understood by others.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Old people don't like rock music.B.Music can serve as a reminder.C.Rock music makes old people younger.D.Listening to rock music needs reasons.4.What's the best title of the passage?A.Why do people like music?B.How can you improve your musical talent?C.Why do different people like different music?D.What influences peopled musical tastes?2、Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always hassomething to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests(鸟巢). Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive(收养的) parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.1.A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A.getting closer to its youngB.driving away the adult predatorC.leaving its young in another nestD.pretending to be injured2.By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A.chimps are ready to attack othersB.chimps are sometimes dishonestC.chimps are jealous of the winnersD.chimps can be selfish too3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Do animals lie?B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?C.How do animals learn to lie?D.How does honesty help animals survive?3、Discover Nature Schools programsBecoming Bears (Kindergarten-2 grade)By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons. Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat during the summer, and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠). After learning the skills needed to survive, students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves. (1.5-2 hours)Whose Clues? (3-5 grade)Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals, kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat, avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned, kids will choose one species and tell how they survive in their living places. (3-4 hours)Winged Wonders (3-5 grade)Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological (生态的) role. Students will learn the basics of birds, understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes. Students will do hands-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders, allowing them to attract birds at home.(3-4 hours)Exploring Your Watershed (6-8 grade)We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water quality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem.● Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students.● All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing,sunscreen and insect killers for children.● To take part in a program , please email dcprograms@.1. What can kids do at Becoming Bears?A. Watch bears’ performances.B. Take care of bearsC. Dress up as baby bears to learn about bears.D. Learn how to survive a bear attack.2. Kids who are interested in plants will choose _______________.A. Winged WondersB. Exploring your WatershedC. Becoming BearsD. Whose Clues?3. According to the passage, all the four programs _______________.A. have the same teaching hoursB. have outdoor activitiesC. are offered during summer holidaysD. are designed for primary school students4、 Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. Theclothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 minutes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down.NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last week’s announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised?” Noonan asked. “ As a biologist, I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful.”Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These microbes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be.1.The existence of the ancient microbes relies on ________.A.surrounding insectsB.eating mineralsC.diverse plantsD.absorbing air2.What can we infer about the eaves in Naica from the passage?A.The temperature in the caves is quite low.B.The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to.C.The walls are covered by crystals.D.The caves have been explored since they were formed.3.What is the biologist Norine Noonan’s attitude towards the findings?A.Neutral.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.4.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Living organisms bring hope to scientific research.B.Caves provide living environment for living organisms.C.Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions.D.Scientists Discover 50,000-year-old “super life” in Mexico.5、Teenagers' fitness （健康） is now a major concern，to which physical exercise is very important．It reduces stress and improves fitness．Exercise makes your body strong，and helps you to keep the right body weight．Sports scientists Dr．HelenLopez offers the following advice to teenagers："First，you need to find out your present level （水平） of fitness．Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier．"Dr．Lopez suggests that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle．"Overweight"means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem．"Inactive"mean that the person does not join in many physical activities，but is not seriously overweight．"Active"refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities，but do not have a high fitness level．According to Dr．Lopez，overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy．"Ride a bike，play volleyball or basketball for a while，and go for a twenty-minute walk each day．All these will help to burn calories．"Inactive teenagers should do similar activities，but add some bending and stretching （伸展） exercises，such as push-ups and sit-ups，starting with twenty of each a day．"Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger，"said Dr．Lopez．The same principle applies to （适用于） active teenagers． Dr．Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise，together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities．"These are really important in order to prevent （预防） injuries，"Dr．Lopez said．Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength．1.What can we learn from the passage？ ______A. Active people always have a high fitness level．B. Overweight people always take more exercise．C. Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight．D. Keeping fit means changing teenagers' lifestyle．2.Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why physical exercise is important？ ______A. It can make the teenagers grow taller．B. It can help teenagers become healthier．C. It can help to burn up calories．D. It can increase teenagers’ str ength．3.In order to prevent injuries，you should do some ______ exercises．A. walkinB. stretching and bendingC. ridingD. weight-training4.What is the best title for the passage？ ______A.DoingexerciseB.Teenagers'Fitness．C. Different lifestyles．D. Overweight Teenagers．6、 Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the waythe various networks of people about patient care are being connected toone another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to delivermedicine to the patient —no matter where he or she may be.Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are themost obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断)will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient.A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personaldata assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to senda patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house couldwell be a thing of the past.Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicineto rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicineas a tool for disaster need—especially after earthquakes. On the whole,the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions.But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor forsending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world — CT photosbeing one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites maybe able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both thesecond-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for thefuture of remote medical service.Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis,training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinionsand diagnosis are common.1. The writer chiefly talks about _______.A. the use of telemedicineB. the on-lined doctorsC. medical care and treatmentD. communication improvement2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _______.A. personal data assistanceB. some words of a patientC. real physiological informationD. medical pictures from the Internet3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？A. Patients don’t need doctors in hospitals any more.B. It is impossible to send a patient’s signs over the telephone.C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _______.A. bandwidth isn’t big enough to send complex medical picturesB. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yetC. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needsD. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care7、 The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today. The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts,” Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”"Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas."Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals. Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“ The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive. Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to inc reasing exposure to extreme events.”1.How was the UQ research conducted?A.By observing extreme weather events.B.By protecting the endangered species.C.By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.D.By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened.2.What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.destroyedB.defeatedC.decreasedD.disappeared3.Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events?A.Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations.B.Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.C.Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.D.Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard.4.What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words?A.Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.B.The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.C.Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.plete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival.8、“Why It Can Matter More Than IQ”, this subtitle(副标题) of my 1995 book Emotional Intelligence (EI), unfortunately, has led to misunderstandings of what I actually say. Some readers even jumped to an absurd conclusion that “EI accounts for 80 percent of success.”I never made the claim that EI matters more than IQ for academic achievements. My argument is actually that emotional and social skills give people advantages in areas where such abilities make the most difference, like love and leadership. EI does better than IQ in “soft” areas, where intelligence matters relatively less for success.IQ is a much stronger predictor (预测指标) than EI of which jobs or professions people can enter. However, having enough intelligence to hold a given job does not by itself predict whether one will be a star performer or rise to management or leadership po sitions in one’s field. In part this is because everyone at the top level of a given profession has already been examined on intelligence. For them a high IQ becomes a basic ability which one needs to get into and stay in the game.I expect we will be seeing more data showing a relationship between skills in the emotional and social area and school performance, will be in studies ofchildren who have gone through social/emotional learning (SEL) programs. These courses give students the self-management skills they need to do better on academic achievement scores. A study from the University of Illinois finds around a 10 percent increase on achievement test scores among these students.Therefore, learning seems to be another area where EI may matter and whether more than IQ is a question based on experience. This is what I want to explain on this website.1.The reason why the author writes the passage is to _________.A.clear up some misunderstandings of his hookB.explain the importance of IQ and EIC.state his new opinion on IQ and ElD.argue for his study into school learning2.What aspects can El play a more important part in?A.Becoming an accountant and getting an interview.B.Being a leader and receiving an MBA degree.C.Winning a quiz and becoming a star performer.D.Family relations and being promoted at work.3.What does the underlined word "absurd" in the first paragraph probably mean?A.Inaccessible.B.Unreasonable.C.Unadjusted.D.Undoubted.4.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.A.nothing is known about the relationship between EI and school performanceB.the SEL programs attempt to promote learning with EIC.students' school performance is decided by their ElD.the SEL programs improve students, scores rapidly9、A new study has found that social media could be affecting the sleep of young adults.The study is a project of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's School of Medicine. They found that young people who often use social media are more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those who use social media less. The researchers say doctors should ask young adults about their use of social media when treating sleep issues.“This is one of the first pieces of evidence that social media use really can influence yo ur sleep.” said Jessica C Levenson. She was the lead author of a report on the study.The researchers set out to examine the connection between social media use and sleep among young adults.. Levenson noted that these young adults are possibly the fir st “generation to grow up with social media. ”The researchers wanted to find out how often young people used social media sites like Face book, Twitter, Credit and Tumbler. For the study, they gave questionnaires to nearly 1,800 adults, aged 19 to 32. On average, members of the study group used social media sites one hour a day. They also "visited various social media 30 times per week. ”Thirty percent of the study's participants reported having serious problems with sleeping. Those people who used social media a lot were three times more likely to have a sleep disorder. And those who spent the most time on social media were two times as likely to suffer from sleep disturbances.Levenson said the number of times a person visits social media is a better predictor of sleep problems than overall time spent on social media. If this is true, she adds, then practices that stop such behaviors may be the most effective.1.What's the main idea of the text?A.The researchers focus on social media.B.The researchers manage to handle sleep problems.C.Social media affects sleep.D.Doctors treat young patients.2.When treating sleep problems, doctors are advised to________________ .A.offer some advice about giving up social mediaB.ask the patie nts about young adults’ use of social mediaC.give young adults some medicineD.ask about the patients' living conditions3.How did the researchers mainly carry out the study?A.By doing online research.B.By doing questionnaires.C.By collecting published data.D.By giving an example.4.What can be inferred from the text?A.Men are more likely to suffer from a sleep disorder than women.B.People often using social media are less likely to have a sleep disorder.ing computers less helps avoid sleep problems completely.D.Sleep problems can be determined by the times of a person visiting social media.10、 It goes without saying, but bears repeating, there are too many cats and dogs without homes. While there are countless shelters and rescue centers that exist, some potential pet owners look to pet shops to find their furry friends. All too often, however, these animals come from puppy and kitten mills (繁殖场) that treat the creatures in cruel ways. San Francisco, however, is doing their part to stop this abuse with pet store adoption. Officials recently voted to ban the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.The effect is two-fold. One, it will stop the popularity of the large-scale mills, which are famous for the miserable conditions cats and does are kept in. Two, it will help facilitate the adoption of thousands of animals that are waiting for their forever homes in San Francisco shelters. District 4 Supervisor Katy Tang, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, supported law-making on the ban. “Dogs and cats sold in pet stores often come from inhumane puppy and kitten mills that treat animals with no regard for their health or well-being”, she wrote on Facebook. In her message, she also called on the U. S. Agriculture Department to reinstate information on its website that documents these types of animal cruelty cases—it was removed earlier this month.San Francisco’s law-making is a victory for those concerned about animal rights, and they aren’t the first city to pass this type of measure. Los Angeles,San Diego, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and Austin also have similar laws in place, with hopefully more places to follow it.1.What happened to some dogs and cats before they are in the pet stores?A.They were cruelly treated.B.They were abandoned in streets.C.They received warm welcome.D.They were raised in shelters and rescue centers.2.Which of the following may Katy Tang agree with most?A.People should adopt the dogs and cats.B.Animals are too cruel to ?human beings.C.The government can choose to kill all the dogs and cats.D.It is not right to impose a ban on the sale of non-rescue dogs and cats in local shops.3.What does the underlined word "reinstate" in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Update.B.Replace.C.Post again.D.Download.4.What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?A.No Chinese city joins in this type of movement.B.San Francisco is the last city where pet stores are banned.C.Americans care about animals more than humans.D.More and more cities are involved in animal rights.答案以及解析1、答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.D。

2020全国新高考英语语法补充训练美国高中原版素材整理(含答案)

2020全国新高考英语语法补充训练美国高中原版素材整理Part1The Novel: Introspection to EscapismArt is never stagnant, nor is it meant to be. A poem written today looks and sounds vastly different from a poem by Shakespeare, and a modern symphony no longer resembles one by Beethoven. So it is with the novel, that still relatively young member of the literary family (many consider Don Quixote, published in 1605, to be the first). The novel is evolving to reflect the changing world; for better or for worse.A few quotations from acclaimed novelists of the past illustrate how broadly the form was once regarded. G. K. Chesterton said, "A good novel tells us the truth about its hero; but a bad novel tells us the truth about its author." English writer Ford Madox Ford believed the novelist played an important role as a recorder of history. Ford said of his friend Joseph Conrad, "We agreed that the novel is absolutely the only vehicle for the thought of our day."It's not that over centuries writers of novels shed these ambitions; novels today still address complexities and intricate social dynamics. However, in recent decades, especially the 2000s, popular novels and their film adaptations have driven the novel market in a broader direction. Novels are considered just another entertainment medium, which are now available on digital devices, one that ought to enthrall its passive reader and relieve him or her of the stress and tedium of life. The difficulties, challenges, and triumphs of real life are less often the subject of popular novels; instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.It is rare today for a novelist to attempt to ask "What does it mean?" Instead, we strive to provide the reader with an answer to the question "What happens next?" "Publishers, readers, booksellers, even critics," critic James Woods wrote, "acclaim the novel that one can deliciously sink into, forget oneself in, the novel that returns us to the innocence of childhood or the dream of the cartoon, the novel of a thousand confections and no unwanted significance. What becomes harder to find, and lonelier to defend, is the idea of the novel as—in Ford Madox Ford's words—a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'''1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. sluggish• C. static• D. similar2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. changing world—for better• C. changing world: for better• D. changing world for better3. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?• A. The novel, while well regarded, would never match the poem as the ideal form for conveying the struggles of humanity.• B. The novel was once sacred ground, meant to capture and reveal universal truths, to depict society and all its ills, to explore and expound upon the human condition.• C. Both poetry and novels enjoyed a resurgence of popularity in the early 1900s due to the notoriety of many of the prominent authors of the day.• D. By the early 1900s, novels had evolved into something entirely different from the form Cervantes pioneered with Don Quixote.4.• A. NO CHANGE• B. loftily• C. haughtily• D. pretentiously5. Which choice would improve the sentence?• A. Ford said of his friend, the novelist Joseph Conrad,• B. Ford said of his great friend, Joseph Conrad,• C. Ford said of Joseph Conrad,• D. Ford said of his friend, Joseph Conrad, a Pole who moved to Britain,6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. However: in recent decades,• C. However in recent decades,• D. In recent decades however;7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. Novels, which are now available on digital devices, are considered just another entertainment medium,• C. Novels are considered just another entertainment medium, now available on digital devices,• D. Novels, just another entertainment medium which are now available on digital devices8.• A. NO CHANGE• B. less often the subject of popular novels instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.• C. less often the subject of popular novels, instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.• D. less often the subject of popular novels: instead, escapist tales of fantastical lands and escapades are more popular.9. Which detail would provide the best support for the ideas presented in the paragraph?• A. Novels exploring deep social issues remain the most heavily decorated books come literary award season.• B. Director James Cameron remarked recently about the inherent difficulty of adapting novels with fantasy themes.• C. Writing in the New Yorker magazine in 2014, critic James Woods stated that readers now want novels that, like popcorn, are "easy to consume."• D. The slice of life novel remains tremendously popular among books targeting younger readers.10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. they strive• C. it strives• D. he or she strives11.• A. NO CHANGE• B. the novel as, in Ford Madox Ford's words—a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'"• C. the novel as, in Ford Madox Ford's words: a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'"• D. the novel as, in Ford Madox Ford's words; a 'medium of profoundly serious investigation into the human case.'"Part2Interning: A Bridge Between Classes and CareersKelli Blake is majoring in chemical engineering, and she recently excepted a summer internship with BP, an international energy company, to gain career experience. Some argue against the value of internships, claiming they pay very little and can involve performing boring tasks, yet Kelli feels her internship is critical to helping her discover whether engineering is right for her.Kelli wants a real-world perspective on information she has gained in her classes. Her internship with a corporate leader is affording her the opportunity to apply her conceptual knowledge to tasks inside a major oil company. She can later add this project to her résumé and portfolio, giving her an edge over other college graduates. This safety training will be required of employees traveling to offshore facilities, so she will stand out from other applicants by already being safety certified. “I have a new appreciation for the protocols followed by engineers at refineries,” she states. Kelli believes that gaining new skills and showing she can apply her classroom knowledge to real situations will give her an advantage over her competition should she decide to join BP.Everyone has their own reason for wanting to become an intern. Kelli has several other reasons behind her decision. For example, Kelli wants to meet people to learn about the variety of careers available, from entry level to senior engineer. She willaccomplish all of her intern goals by working on technical projects, attend “lunch and learn” meetings, watching webinars, and shadow coworkers.What are some further benefits of internships? Besides gaining exposure in the field, Kelli is networking, and the most important person to her now is her mentor, Dan, a senior engineer who can help her grow professionally by answering her questions. Gaining valuable contacts and good role model. These are other reasons she has pursued this internship.Kelli is now an acting member of a corporate team. She realizes she will be learning a lot about the industry and will benefit from adopting an entirely new vocabulary. She views her internship as an adventure, one in which engineering teams worldwide must work collaboratively and efficiently. It is worth it to give up her summer, Kelli argues, because though she is losing her summer she is doing the job of an actual engineer through her internship.Moreover, she views the experience as one of the best ways to learn about her field and industry.1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. accepted• C. adopted• D. adapted2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. skilled• C. menial• D. challenging3. Which choice best supports the central idea of the paragraph?• A. During this internship, for example, Kelli is working on a glycol dehydration project; she will be using the classroom skills she learned fromthermodynamics, organic chemistry, and more.• B. Kelli can use the materials from her internship in a professional-quality presentation; she can then deliver the presentation to her classmates when she returns to college after her internship.• C. In addition, Kelli is designing the next internship proposal for her classmates after she completes her own and graduates.• D. Kelli is hoping to formulate her project results as a professional published document to sell to BP.4. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?• A. Offshore engineers have many rules and regulations that must be followed. • B. Kelli admires the engineers at the refineries who administer the safety training.• C. The new skills she acquires can be applied to her classroom knowledge. • D. Kelli will also earn her Helicopter Underwater Egress Training certification. 5.• A. NO CHANGE• B. stand down• C. stand up• D. stand alone6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. your• C. its• D. his or her7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. For example; Kelli wants to meet people to learn about the variety of careers available, from entry level to senior engineer.• C. For example, Kelli wants to meet people—to learn about the variety of careers available, from entry level, to senior engineer.• D. For example, Kelli wants to meet people to learn about the variety of careers available; from entry level to senior engineer.8.• A. NO CHANGE• B. by working on technical projects, attending "lunch and learn" meetings, watching webinars, and shadowing coworkers.• C. by working on technical projects, attend "lunch and learn" meetings, watch webinars, and shadow coworkers.• D. by working on technical projects, attending "lunch and learn" meetings, watch webinars, and shadowing coworkers.9.• A. NO CHANGE• B. a good role model, these are other reasons• C. a good role model; are other reasons• D. a good role model are other reasons10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. It is worth giving up, Kelli argues, because though she is losing her summer, she is doing the job of an actual engineer through her internship.• C. It is worth it to give up her summer, Kelli argues, because she is doing the job of an actual engineer through her internship.• D. It is worth it to Kelli to give up her summer, because though summers are usually a time to relax, she argues, she is doing the job of an actual engineerthrough her internship.11. Using the graphic and the information in the passage, identify the phrase that could be added to the end of the last sentence.• A. , which typically offers around 35 internships per 1,000 hires.• B. , which typically offers around 32 internships per 1,000 hires.• C. , which typically offers around 35 internships per 60 hires.• D. , which typically offers around 32 internships per 60 hires.Part3In Defense of Don QuixoteBefore the holiday, the World Literature professor assigned the classes' next novel, Don Quixote."Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra wrote Quixote in Spanish," he boomed over the end-of-class shuffle of notebooks and bags. "Find a good translation, start reading—and class?" All motion stopped he had their attention. "Do more than read it; prepare to defend why you spent your holiday break reading a thousand pages of turn-of-the-seventeenth-century Spanish literature. Read the experts, check the data: Why does the book still matter?"Class dismissed, the students entered break feeling uneasy at the prospect of this hefty early-modern novel, but each soon found in its pages a captivating story, beautiful and strange. Clarified with paradoxes of sane and insane, tragic and comic, ideal and real, the novel surprised its newest set of readers with intellectual complexity as well as deeply human—and charmingly adverse—characters.As the students gradually finished their copies of Quixote, most felt the defense the professor had requested was somewhat unnecessary: It was a literary masterpiece. But research will have been required, so they dutifully opened laptops and visited libraries.For Monday's post-holiday class, students presented its short defenses of Quixote. Most began with their personal appreciation of the novel and the enduring triviality of questions it raised. Several students then mentioned scholars' praise for Quixote's ideological impact on culture, challenging worldviews and highlighting ambiguitiesbetween reality and perception. Quixote, some noted, not only changed the literary imagination by expanding the possibilities of what a novel could intellectually accomplish, but also offered important early contributions to the relatively recent conversations of psychology and women's rights.To illustrate the book's importance, many students cited a famous 2002 survey of authors worldwide and the ensuing compilation of the world's "100 Best Books." This survey, students found, listed every qualifying "best" book at equal ranking, isolating only one as undeniably first: Don Quixote.After the last presentation was completed, the professor explained that the university curriculum required students to read Quixote for World Literature. "Some call it the first great novel; many call it the greatest novel of all time, but superlatives aside, the true reason it's worth reading is somewhat indescribable, isn't it? It changed you it moved you you were drawn to its beauty its ugliness or some confusion of the two. So it goes with great literature: The defense for its permanence is hidden in the piece itself."Opening their books with a fondness like old friendship, the class began to discuss Quixote together.1.• A. NO CHANGE• B. class'• C. class's• D. classes2.• A. NO CHANGE• B. All motion stopped: he had• C. All motion stopped, and had• D. All motion stopped. Had3.• A. NO CHANGE• B. Deprived• C. Peppered• D. Littered4.• A. NO CHANGE• B. averse• C. bazaar• D. bizarre5.• A. NO CHANGE• B. is• C. was• D. will be6.• A. NO CHANGE• B. it's• C. their• D. they're7.• A. NO CHANGE• B. pertinence• C. irrelevance• D. inertia8. Which sentence adds supporting information to the paragraph?• A. Most students also discovered that Quixote was second only to the Bible in its number of translations and publications across history, signifying itsparamount global influence.• B. Students learned that around 100 well-known authors participated in the survey to identify the "most meaningful book of all time," organized by editors in Oslo, Norway.• C. Authors noted in the survey were few and far between but included Doris Lessing, Salman Rushdie, Chinua Achebe, and Toni Morrison.• D. The survey, although often cited by literary critics, has not been repeated since 2002.9. Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?• A. NO CHANGE• B. Quixote has touched the far reaches of the literary world.• C. he disagreed with experts regarding the literary value of Quixote.• D. he was pleased with the students' performance.10.• A. NO CHANGE• B. It changed you it moved you, you were drawn to its beauty, or its ugliness or some combination of the two.• C. It changed you it moved you, you were drawn to its beauty or its ugliness or some combination of the two.• D. It changed you; it moved you; you were drawn to its beauty, its ugliness, or some combination of the two.11.• A. NO CHANGE• B. there• C. it's• D. ourAnswersPart1 CBBBA ABACD A Part2 BCADA DABDC B Part3 CBCDC CBABD A。

2020年全国新高考读后续写真题翻译练习 (2)

2020年全国新高考读后续写真题翻译练习1.一个秋天，我的妻子艾丽和我有一个共同的目标：拍摄北极熊。

2.我们住在一个研究营地里，这个营地位于“世界北极熊之都”——加拿大马尼托巴省的丘吉尔镇外。

3.拍摄北极熊既令人惊叹又充满危险。

4.北极熊——像所有野生动物一样——应该从安全距离拍摄。

5.当我和北极熊面对面时，我喜欢通过带有长焦镜头的相机来拍摄。

6.但有时，说起来容易做起来难。

这次就是这样的情况。

7.当艾丽和我做饭时，一只在附近湖中玩耍的年轻雄性北极熊闻到了我们的大蒜面包。

8.这只饥饿的熊跟随着气味来到了我们的营地，营地周围围着一道高高的铁丝网。

9.它拉扯并咬铁丝网。

10.它用后腿站立，并推挤木制的栅栏柱子。

11.我们吓得魂飞魄散，尝试了所有我们知道的防熊措施。

12.我们朝熊大喊大叫，用力敲打锅碗瓢盆，并向空中发射空弹。

13.有时，这样的巨大噪音可以吓跑熊。

14.但这只北极熊却不一样——它只是继续用巨大的爪子试图撕毁栅栏。

15.我用无线电联系营地经理寻求帮助。

16.他告诉我有一架直升机正在路上，但还需要30分钟才能到达。

17.为了充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了几张熊的照片。

18.艾丽和我担心栅栏无法承受熊再持续30分钟的破坏。

19.营地经理建议我使用辣椒喷雾。

20.这种喷雾会刺激熊的眼睛，但不会伤害它们。

21.因此，我慢慢地靠近这位不请自来的客人，透过栅栏，朝他的脸喷去。

22.愤怒地咆哮着，熊跑到湖边去洗眼睛。

23.几分钟后，熊又回到了我们的营地。

24.他露出锋利的牙齿，一边向前跑一边瞪着我们。

25.熊再次用后腿站立，想要像怪兽一样咬断栅栏。

26.看起来他的嘴里满是血，眼睛因愤怒而发红。

27.看到如此可怕的景象，我感到一股寒意从背后袭来。

28.艾丽愣在原地，嘴巴张得大大的。

29.我不得不采取行动，于是我鼓起勇气，试图用辣椒喷雾吓走它，但最终还是失败了。

30.就在这时，直升机来了。

31.它降落在我们营地附近，巨大的噪音吓走了熊。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2020新高考英语补充训练美国高中阅读理解训练整理Passage1"Metamorphosis"This passage is adapted from "Metamorphosis" by Franz Kafka, a famous story that combines elements of fantasy and reality. This excerpt begins with the protagonist realizing he has literally turned into a giant, beetle-like insect.One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke fromtroubled dreams, he found himself transformed inhis bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could05see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardlyable to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin comparedwith the size of the rest of him, waved about help-10lessly as he looked."What's happened to me?" he thought. It wasn'ta dream. His room, a proper human room althougha little too small, lay peacefully between its fourfamiliar walls. A collection of textile samples lay15spread out on the table—Samsa was a travelling salesman—and above it there hung a picture thathe had recently cut out of an illustrated magazineand housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a ladyfitted out with a fur hat and fur boa who sat upright,20raising a heavy fur muff that covered the whole ofher lower arm towards the viewer.Gregor then turned to look out the window at thedull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hittingthe pane, which made him feel quite sad. "How25about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense," he thought, but that was something hewas unable to do because he was used to sleeping onhis right, and in his present state couldn't get intothat position. However hard he threw himself onto30his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes sothat he wouldn't have to look at the floundering legs,and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dullpain there that he had never felt before.35He thought, "What a strenuous career it is thatI've chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doingbusiness like this takes much more effort thandoing your own business at home, and on top of thatthere's the curse of travelling, worries about making40train connections, bad and irregular food, contactwith different people all the time so that you cannever get to know anyone or become friendly with them." He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard45so that he could lift his head better; found wherethe itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn't know what to makeof; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he50touched it he was overcome by a cold shudder.He slid back into his former position. "Getting upearly all the time," he thought, "it makes you stupid. You've got to get enough sleep. Other travellingsalesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever55I go back to the guest house during the morning tocopy out the contract, these gentlemen are alwaysstill sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I'd get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best60thing for me. If I didn't have my parents to thinkabout I'd have given in my notice a long time ago,I'd have gone up to the boss and told him just whatI think, tell him everything I would, let him knowjust what I feel. He'd fall right off his desk! And it's a 65funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your subordinates from upthere, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there'sstill some hope; once I've got the money together to70pay off my parents' debt to him—another five or six years I suppose—that's definitely what I'll do. That's when I'll make the big change. First of all though,I've got to get up, my train leaves at five."1. According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a• A. curse.• B. disease.• C. nightmare.• D. hoax.2. As used in line 12, "proper" most nearly means• A. called for by rules or conventions.• B. showing politeness.• C. naturally belonging or peculiar to.• D. suitably appropriate.3.The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor's attitude toward his profession?• A. He is resentful.• B. He is diligent.• C. He is depressed.• D. He is eager to please.4.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 14-18 ("A collection … gilded frame")• B. Lines 22-24 ("Gregor then turned … quite sad")• C. Lines 53-59 ("Other … the spot")• D. Lines 59-64 ("But who knows … I feel")5. What central idea does the excerpt communicate through Gregor's experiences?• A. Imagination is a dangerous thing.• B. People are fearful of change.• C. Dreams become our reality.• D. Man is a slave to work.6. The passage most strongly suggests that which of the following is true of Gregor?• A. He feels a strong sense of duty toward his family. • B. He is unable to cope with change.• C. He excels in his profession.• D. He is fearful about his transformation.7.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 11-14 ("What's happened … familiar walls")• B. Lines 22-24 ("Gregor then turned … quite sad")• C. Lines 36-43 ("Doing business … with them")• D. Lines 68-71 ("Well, there's still … what I'll do")8. As used in line 32, "floundering" most nearly means • A. thrashing.• B. painful.• C. pitiful.• D. trembling.9.The author most likely includes a description of Gregor's itch in lines 43-50 to• A. remind the reader that Gregor has turned into an insect.• B. emphasize the disconnect between Gregor's thoughts and his actual situation.• C. give important details about what Gregor's new body looks like.• D. show that Gregor's thoughts are focused on the changes to his body.10. The main rhetorical effect of the final sentence of the excerpt ("First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five") is to• A. provide a resolution to the conflict Gregor faces. • B. foreshadow the conflict between Gregor and his boss. • C. illustrate Gregor's resilience and ability to move on. • D. emphasize Gregor's extreme sense of duty.Passage2Hillary Rodham Clinton SpeechThis passage is adapted from Hillary Rodham Clinton's speech titled "Women's Rights Are Human Rights," addressed to the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995.If there is one message that echoes forth fromthis conference, it is that human rights are women's rights…. And women's rights are human rights.Let us not forget that among those rights are the05right to speak freely and the right to be heard.Women must enjoy the right to participate fully inthe social and political lives of their countries if we want freedom and democracy to thrive and endure.It is indefensible that many women in nongov-10ernmental organizations who wished to participatein this conference have not been able to attend—orhave been prohibited from fully taking part.Let me be clear. Freedom means the right ofpeople to assemble, organize, and debate openly. It15means respecting the views of those who may disagree with the views of their governments. It means nottaking citizens away from their loved ones and jail-ing them, mistreating them, or denying them theirfreedom or dignity because of the peaceful expres-20sion of their ideas and opinions.In my country, we recently celebrated theseventy-fifth anniversary of women's suffrage. Ittook one hundred and fifty years after the signingof our Declaration of Independence for women to25win the right to vote. It took seventy-two years of organized struggle on the part of many courageouswomen and men.It was one of America's most divisive philosophi-cal wars. But it was also a bloodless war. Suffrage was30achieved without a shot fired.We have also been reminded, in V-J Day obser-vances last weekend, of the good that comes whenmen and women join together to combat the forcesof tyranny and build a better world.35We have seen peace prevail in most places for ahalf century. We have avoided another world war.But we have not solved older, deeply-rooted prob-lems that continue to diminish the potential of halfthe world's population.40Now it is time to act on behalf of women everywhere.If we take bold steps to better the lives of women,we will be taking bold steps to better the lives of children and families too. Families rely on mothersand wives for emotional support and care; families45rely on women for labor in the home; and increas-ingly, families rely on women for income needed toraise healthy children and care for other relatives.As long as discrimination and inequities remainso commonplace around the world—as long as50girls and women are valued less, fed less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled and subjectedto violence in and out of their homes—the potentialof the human family to create a peaceful, prosperousworld will not be realized.55Let this conference be our—and the world's—callto action.And let us heed the call so that we can create aworld in which every woman is treated with respectand dignity, every boy and girl is loved and cared for60equally, and every family has the hope of a strongand stable future.1. What is the primary purpose of the passage?• A. To chastise those who have prevented women from attending the conference• B. To argue that women continue to experience discrimination• C. To explain that human rights are of more concern than women's rights• D. To encourage people to think of women's rights as an issue important to all2.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 4-5 ("Let us … be heard")• B. Lines 9-12 ("It is indefensible … taking part")• C. Lines 37-39 ("But we have … population")• D. Lines 43-47 ("Families … other relatives")3. As used in line 28, "divisive" most nearly means• A. conflict-producing.• B. carefully-watched.• C. multi-purpose.• D. time-consuming.4. Based on the speech, with which statement would Clinton most likely agree?• A. More men should be the primary caregivers of their children in order to provide career opportunities for women.• B. Women do not need the support and cooperation of men as they work toward equality.• C. Solutions for global problems would be found faster if women had more access to power.• D. The American movement for women's suffrage should have been violent in order to achieve success more quickly.5.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 6-8 ("Women … endure")• B. Lines 29-30 ("Suffrage … shot fired")• C. Lines 43-47 ("Families … relatives")• D. Lines 48-54 ("As long … realized")6. As used in line 26, "organized" most nearly means• A. arranged.• B. cooperative.• C. hierarchical.• D. patient.7. Which claim does Clinton make in her speech?• A. The conference itself is a model of nondiscrimination toward women.• B. Democracy cannot prosper unless women can participate fully in it.• C. Women's rights are restricted globally by the demands on them as parents.• D. Women are being forced to provide income for their families as a result of sexism.8.Clinton uses the example of V-J Day observations to support the argument that• A. campaigns succeed when they are nonviolent.• B. historical wrongs against women must be corrected. • C. many tragedies could have been avoided with more female participation.• D. cooperation between men and women leads to positive developments.9. According to lines 35-39, problems that affect women • A. harm half of the world's women.• B. are worldwide and long-standing.• C. could be eliminated in half a century.• D. are isolated to a few less developed countries. 10. The fifth paragraph can be described as• A. a distillation of the author's main argument.• B. an acknowledgment of a counterargument.• C. a veiled criticism of a group.• D. a defense against an accusation.Paired Passages—TeaPassage 3Europe was a coffee-drinking continent before itbecame a tea-drinking one. Tea was grown in China, thousands of miles away. The opening of trade routeswith the Far East in the fifteenth and sixteenth cen-05turies gave Europeans their first taste of tea. However, it was an unpromising start for the bev-erage, because shipments arrived stale, and Europeantea drinkers miscalculated the steeping time and measurements. This was a far cry from the Chinese10preparation techniques, known as a "tea ceremony," which had strict steps and called for steeping iniron pots at precise temperatures and pouring into porcelain bowls.China had a monopoly on the tea trade and kept15their tea cultivation techniques secret. Yet as world- wide demand grew, tea caught on in Europe. Some proprietors touted tea as a cure for maladies. Several European tea companies formed, including theEnglish East India Company. In 1669, it imported20143.5 pounds of tea—very little compared to the32 million pounds that were imported by 1834.Europeans looked for ways to circumvent China's monopoly, but their attempts to grow the tea plant(Latin name Camellia sinensis) failed. Some plants25perished in transit from the East. But most often the growing climate wasn't right, not even in the equato-rial colonies that the British, Dutch, and French controlled. In 1763, the French Academy of Sciencesgave up, declaring the tea plant unique to China30and unable to be grown anywhere else. Swedish andEnglish botanists grew tea in botanical gardens, but this was not enough to meet demand.After trial and error with a plant variety dis-covered in the Assam district of India, the British35managed to establish a source to meet the growing demands of British tea drinkers. In May 1838, thefirst batch of India-grown tea shipped to London.The harvest was a mere 350 pounds and arrived in November. It sold for between 16 and 34 shillings40per pound. Perfecting production methods tookmany years, but ultimately, India became the world's largest tea-producing country. By the early 1900s, annual production of India tea exceeded 350 million pounds. This voluminous source was a major factor45in tea becoming the staple of European householdsthat it is today.Passage 4In Europe, there's a long tradition of takingafternoon tea. Tea time, typically four o'clock, means not just enjoying a beverage, but taking time out to50gather and socialize. The occasion is not identical across Europe, though; just about every culture hasits own way of doing things.In France, for example, black tea is served withsugar, milk, or lemon and is almost always accom-55panied by a pastry. Rather than sweet pastries, the French prefer the savory kind, such as the gougère,or puff pastry, infused with cheese.Germans, by contrast, put a layer of slowly melt-ing candy at the bottom of their teacup and top the60tea with cream. German tea culture is strongest inthe eastern part of the country, and during the weektea is served with cookies, while on the weekend orfor special events, cakes are served. The Germansthink of tea as a good cure for headaches and stress. 65Russia also has a unique tea culture, rooted inthe formalism of its aristocratic classes. Loose leaf black tea is served in a glass held by a podstakannik, an ornate holder with a handle typically made fromsilver or chrome—though sometimes it may be gold-70plated. Brewed separately, the tea is then diluted with boiled water and served strong. The strength ofthe tea is seen as a measure of the host's hospitality.Traditionally, tea is taken by the entire family and served after a large meal with jams and pastries.75Great Britain has a rich tradition of its own. Prior to the introduction of tea into Britain, the English had two main meals, breakfast and a second,dinner-like meal called "tea," which was held around noon. However, during the middle of the eighteenth80century, dinner shifted to an evening meal at a late hour; it was then called "high tea." That meant the necessary introduction of an afternoon snack to tide one over, and "low tea" or "tea time" was introduced by British royalty. In present-day Britain, your85afternoon tea might be served with scones and jam, small sandwiches, and cookies (called "biscuits"), depending on whether you're in Ireland, England, or Scotland.Wherever they are and however they take it,90Europeans know the value of savoring an afternoon cup of tea.Data from Euromonitor International and World Bank.1. It can be reasonably inferred, based on Passage 1, that • A. European nations tried to grow tea in their colonies. • B. European tea growers never learned Chinese cultivation techniques.• C. Europeans' purpose in opening trade routes with the Far East was to gain access to tea.• D. Europeans believed tea was ineffective as a treatment against illness.2.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 6-9 ("However … measurements")• B. Lines 16-17 ("Some … maladies")• C. Lines 25-28 ("But … French controlled")• D. Lines 38-40 ("The harvest … per pound")3.Based on the information in Passage 1, what would have been the most likely result if the British had not been able to grow tea in India?• A. Tea would have decreased in price across Europe. • B. The British would have learned to grow tea in Europe. • C. Europeans would have saved their tea for special occasions.• D. China would have produced more tea for the European market.4. As used in line 22, "circumvent" most nearly means• A. destroy.• B. get around.• C. ignore.• D. compete with.5. It can be inferred from Passage 1 and the graphic that • A. English botanical gardens helped make the United Kingdom one of the highest tea-consuming countries in the world.• B. if the French Academy of Sciences hadn't given up growing tea in 1763, France would be one of the highest tea-consuming countries in the world.• C. Britain's success at growing tea in India in the 1800s helped make the United Kingdom one of the highesttea-consuming nations in the world.• D. China's production of tea would be higher if Britain hadn't discovered a way to grow tea in India in the 1800s.6. It is reasonable to infer, based on Passage 2, that • A. serving tea is an important part of hosting guests in Russia.• B. Germans generally avoid medicine for stress.• C. drinking tea in modern Britain is confined to the upper classes.• D. the usual hour for drinking tea varies across Europe.7.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 48-50 ("Tea time … socialize")• B. Lines 63-64 ("The Germans … stress")• C. Lines 71-72 ("The strength … hospitality")• D. Lines 81-84 ("That meant … royalty")8. As used in line 66, "aristocratic" most nearly means • A. culinary.• B. political.• C. rigid.• D. noble.pared with France's tradition of tea-drinking, having tea in Germany• A. is more formal.• B. involves sweeter food.• C. requires greater solitude.• D. is more of a meal than a snack.10. Which statement is the most effective comparison of the two passages' purposes?• A. Passage 1's purpose is to describe the early history of tea in Europe, while Passage 2's purpose is to compare European cultural practices relating to tea.• B. Passage 1's purpose is to argue against the Chinese monopoly of tea, while Passage 2's purpose is to argue that Europeans perfected the art of tea drinking.• C. Passage 1's purpose is to express admiration for the difficult task of tea cultivation, while Passage 2's purpose is to celebrate the rituals surrounding tea. • D. Passage 1's purpose is to compare Chinese and European relationships with tea, while Passage 2's purpose is to describe the diffusion of tea culture in Europe.11. Both passages support which generalization about tea? • A. Tea drinking in Europe is less ritualized than in China.• B. Coffee was once more popular in Europe than tea was. • C. India grows a great deal of tea.• D. Tea is a staple of European households.Passage5Spinosaurus PassageAt long last, paleontologists have solved a century-old mystery, piecing together information discoveredby scientists from different times and places.The mystery began when, in 1911, German05paleontologist Ernst Stromer discovered the first evi- dence of dinosaurs having lived in Egypt. Stromer,who expected to encounter fossils of early mammals,instead found bones that dated back to the Creta-ceous period, some 97 to 112 million years prior.10His finding consisted of three large bones, whichhe preserved and transported back to Germany for examination. After careful consideration, heannounced that he had discovered a new genus ofsauropod, or a large, four-legged herbivore with15a long neck. He called the genus Aegyptosaurus,which is Greek for Egyptian lizard. One of these Aegyptosaurs, he claimed, was the Spinosaurus.Tragically, the fossils that supported his claim were destroyed during a raid on Munich by the Royal Air20Force during World War II. The scientific world wasleft with Stromer's notes and sketches, but no hard evidence that the Spinosaurus ever existed.It was not until 2008, when a cardboard box ofbones was delivered to paleontologist Nizar Ibrahim25by a nomad in Morocco's Sahara desert, that a clue to solving the mystery was revealed. Intrigued, Ibrahimtook the bones to a university in Casablanca forfurther study. One specific bone struck him as in- teresting, as it contained a red line coursing through 30it. The following year, Ibrahim and his colleagues at Italy's Milan Natural History Museum were look-ing at bones that resembled the ones delivered theyear before. An important clue was hidden in thecross-section they were examining, as it contained35the same red line Ibrahim had seen in Morocco.Against all odds, the Italians were studying bonesthat belonged to the very same skeleton as the bones Ibrahim received in the desert. Together, these bones make up the partial skeleton of the very first Spino-40saurus that humans have been able to discover since Stromer's fossils were destroyed.Ibrahim and his colleagues published a studydescribing the features of the dinosaur, which pointto the Spinosaurus being the first known swimming45dinosaur. At 36 feet long, this particular Spinosaurus had long front legs and short back legs, each with a paddle-shaped foot and claws that suggest a carnivo-rous diet. These features made the dinosaur a deft swimmer and excellent hunter, able to prey on large50river fish.Scientists also discovered several aquatic adapta-tions that made the Spinosaurus unique comparedto dinosaurs that lived on land but ate fish. Similarto a crocodile, the Spinosaurus had a long snout,55with nostrils positioned so that the dinosaur could breathe while part of its head was submerged in wa-ter. Unlike predatory land dinosaurs, the Spinosaur-us had powerful front legs. The weight of these legs would have made walking upright like a Tyranno-60saurus Rex impossible, but in water, their strong legsgave the Spinosaurus the power it needed to swimquickly and hunt fiercely. Most notable, though, wasthe discovery of the Spinosaurus's massive sail. Madeup of dorsal spines, the sail was mostly meant for65display and did not serve a purpose of its own.Ibrahim and his fellow researchers used bothmodern digital modeling programs and Stromer'sbasic sketches to create and mount a life-size replicaof the Spinosaurus skeleton. The sketches gave them70a starting point, and by arranging and rearrangingthe excavated fossils they had in their possession,they were able to use technology to piece together hypothetical bone structures until the mystery ofthis semiaquatic dinosaur finally emerged from the75murky depths of the past.1. Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of this passage?• A. Paleontologists were able to identify a new species of dinosaur after overcoming a series of obstacles. • B. Most dinosaur fossils are found in pieces and must be reconstructed using the latest technology.• C. The first evidence of the Spinosaurus was uncovered by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer.• D. Fossils of an aquatic dinosaur called the Spinosaurus were first found in Egypt in the early twentieth century.2.According to the passage, the fossils Stromer found in the Egyptian desert were• A. younger and smaller than he expected.• B. younger and larger than he expected.• C. older and smaller than he expected.• D. older and larger than he expected.3.Based on the information in the passage, the author would most likely agree that• A. aquatic dinosaurs were more vicious than dinosaurs that lived on land.• B. too much emphasis is placed on creating realistic models of ancient dinosaurs.• C. most mysteries presented by randomly found fossils are unlikely to be solved.• D. the study of fossils and ancient life provides important scientific insights.4.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 12-15 ("After careful … long neck")• B. Lines 18-22 ("Tragically, … ever existed")• C. Lines 42-45 ("Ibrahim … swimming dinosaur")• D. Lines 69-75 ("The sketches … past")5.As used in line 36, the phrase "against all odds" most nearly means• A. by contrast.• B. at the exact same time.• C. to their dismay.• D. despite low probability.6.The author uses the phrases "deft swimmer" and "excellent hunter" in lines 48-49 to• A. produce a clear visual image of the Spinosaurus. • B. show how the Spinosaurus searched for prey.• C. create an impression of a graceful but powerful animal. • D. emphasize the differences between aquatic and land dinosaurs.7.The information presented in the passage strongly suggests that Ibrahim• A. chose to go into the field of paleontology after reading Stromer's work.• B. was familiar with Stromer's work when he found the fossils with the red lines.• C. did not have the proper training to solve the mystery of the Spinosaurus on his own.• D. went on to study other aquatic dinosaurs after completing his research on the Spinosaurus.8.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?• A. Lines 23-26 ("It was … revealed")• B. Lines 42-45 ("Ibrahim … swimming dinosaur")• C. Lines 51-53 ("Scientists … ate fish")• D. Lines 66-69 ("Ibrahim and his fellow resea rchers …skeleton")9. As used in line 73, "hypothetical" most nearly means • A. imaginary.• B. actual.• C. possible.• D. interesting.10.Based on the information in the passage, which statement best describes the relationship between Stromer's and Ibrahim's work with fossils?• A. Stromer's work was dependent on Ibrahim's work. • B. Stromer's work was contradicted by Ibrahim's work. • C. Ibrahim's work built on Stromer's work.• D. Ibrahim's work copied Stromer's work.。