不定代词的用法

不定代词的用法
不定代词包括all, both, each, every, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no等，还有some , any, no 和every构成的合成代词，其中一些容易混淆，需要加以区别。

1. all, both
1)all指“三者或三者以上都”，而both只表示“两者都”。

它们作定语时，修饰可数名词复数(all还可以修饰不可数名词)；作主语时，谓语动词用复数（all 指物时用单数）。

如：
(1)China and Japan are both Asian countries. 中国和日本都是亚洲国家。

(2)All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.所有的信息都准备好了，在等待加工处理成胶片。

(3)It’s easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails.修这个东西很容易，你所需要的一切就是一把锤子和一些钉子。

2)作同位语时，all和both都放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前。

如：
(1)The boys all left early. 所有男孩都走得很早。

(2)We are all working hard. 我们都很用功。

(3)They have both finished the work. 他们俩都已完成了工作。

但在简略回答中，all, both则要放在助动词和情态动词之前。

如：
(1)---Have you finished?你们做完了吗？
---Yes, we all have. 是的，我们都做完了。

(2)---Are you ready? 你们准备好了吗？
---Yes, we both are. 是的，我们俩都准备好了。

2. each与every
1) each除了作定语外，还可作主语、宾语和同位语，而every只作定语。

(1)Each of the students is working hard.每个学生都在努力学习。

(主语)
(2)Give each of them two books. 给他们每人两本书。

（宾语）
(3)The girls each have a bracelet.这些女孩每人都有一个手镯。

（同位语）
2) each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every 只指三个以上的人
或物。

(1)There are trees on each side of the street. 街道两边都有树。

（两者）
(2)John, Peter and Bill each say they came first in the race. 约翰、彼得和比尔每个人都说自己跑了第一。

（三者）
Every child in the class passed the exam. 班上的每个孩子都通过了考试。

（三者以上）
3. no, none, no one, nothing
1) no 只用于否定名词，相当于not any。

如：
(1)I have no (not any)time. 我没有时间。

(2)There are no(not any) books on the desk. 桌子上没有书。

2) none 不仅指人也可指物，可与of 短语连用，常用来回答How many(much)引导的疑问句；no one 只用于指人，不与of短语连用，常用于回答who引导的疑问句。

如：
(1)None(No one) will do so. 没有人会这样做。

(2)None of these books is mine.这些书中没有一本是我的。

(3)---How many students are there on the playground? 操场上有多少学生？
---None. 一个也没有。

(4)No one knows how to use the computer. 没有人知道怎样使用这台电脑。

(5)---Who can push away the huge stone? 谁能推开这块大石头？
---No one. 没有人能够。

3) nothing 意为“没有东西，没有什么”。

Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有什么能比光跑得更快了。

She saw nothing. 她没看见什么。

4. either, neither
either指“两者当中的任何一个”，neither指“两者都不”。

它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数，作定语时，修饰单数名词。

1)Either of them is a teacher. 他们俩人中任何一个都是老师。

2)Either machine works well. 两个机器中任何一个都运转很好。

3)Neither of the films is interesting. 两部电影都没有趣。

4)Neither sentence is correct. 两个句子都不对。

5. 在否定句中all, both, everything, everyone等表示部分否定，意思分别为“并非所有的” 、“并非两者都”、“并非任何东西都”、“并非每个人都”。

变为全部否定时要分别用none, neither, nothing, nobody 来分别代替all, both, everything, everyone。

如：
Both of them could not offer a satisfactory explanation. 并非他们俩都能提供一个令人满意的解释。

Neither of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. 他们两个当中没有一个能提供一个令人满意的解释。

Not everything is perfect. 并非一切都是完美的。

Nothing is perfect. 没有什么完美的东西。

Not everybody loves pets. 并非每个人都喜欢小动物。

Nobody loves pets. 没有人喜欢宠物。

练习：
1. --- Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one?
--- ________. I like a light blue one.
A. Either
B. Both
C. Any
D. Neither
2. We couldn’t buy anything because ________ of the shops opened at that time.
A. all
B. some
C. none
D. any
3. You may write to me or come to see me. _______ way will do.
A. Both
B. Either
C. One
D. Neither
4. ______ of his friends has ever been to Paris.
A. No one
B. Not one
C. None
D. Nobody
5. “ How many books are there on the table ?” “________.”
A. Neither
B. No one
C. Nothing
D. None
6.They _____hungry, so they ______into a restaurant.
A. were both, went both
B. both were, both went
C. were both, both went
D. both were, went both
7. ----Did _____of your parents come to see you last week?
--- ______of them came to see me.
A. any, None
B. any, Neither
C. either, Any
D. either, Neither
8. _____of the boys was given an orange.
A. Every
B. Everyone
C. Each
D. All
9. Take ______half, they are exactly the same.
A. either
B. any
C. neither
D. both
10. He sat in the car with his parents on _____ side of him.
A. every
B. all
C. either
D. both
11. “Were there many people waiting in line ?” “Yes, I saw ______.”
A. quite much
B. quite many
C. quite a few
D. quite some
12. --- Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning ?
--- ______ is OK . I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. Both
D. None
13.A lot of stone tables and chairs are _______ of the river and the number of them is growing _______.
A. on both side, greater
B. on each sides, more
C. on both sides, larger
D. on each side, more
14.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _____.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
15.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ____of us had ____money on us.
A. all; no
B. any; no
C. none; any
D. no one; any Keys: 1—5DCBCD 6—9CDCAC 11—12CACAC。