2010年武汉大学英语专业基础英语真题试卷_真题-无答案

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2010年武汉大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷
(总分98,考试时间90分钟)
1. 选词填空
Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Among the 20 expressions given, only 15 should be used. Make sure the **e in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning. know despite significant paragraph prescribe component class common eminent dialect use ridiculous ethic identity melt acknowledge well kitchen list reasonable The concept of culture has been defined many times, and although no definition has achieved universal acceptance, most of the definitions include three central ideas; that culture is passed on from generation to generation, that a culture represents a ready-made【K1】______for living and for making day-to-day decisions, and, finally, that the【K2】______of a culture are accepted by those in the culture as good, and true, and not to be questioned. The eminent anthropologist George Murdock has【K3】______seventy-three items that characterize every【K4】______culture, past and present. The list begins with Age-grading and Athletic sports, runs to Weaning and Weather Control, and includes on the way such items as Calendar, Fire-making, Property Rights, and Tool-making. I would submit that even the most extreme advocate of a culture of poverty viewpoint would readily【K5】______that, with respect to almost all of these items, every American, beyond the first generation immigrant, regardless of race or class, is a member of a【K6】______culture. We all share pretty much the same sports. Maybe poor kids don"t know how to play polo, and rich kids don"t spend time with stickball, but we all know baseball, and football, and basketball. 【K7】______some misguided efforts to raise minor【K8】______to the status of separate tongues, we all, in fact, share the same language. There may be differences in diction and usage, but it would be ridiculous to say that all Americans don"t speak English. We have the calendar, the law, and large numbers of other cultural items in common. It may【K9】______be true that on a few of the seventy-three items there are minor variations between classes, but these kinds of things are really slight variations on a common theme. There are other items that show variability, not in relation to class, but in relation to religion and【K10】______background—funeral customs and cooking, for example. But if there is one place in America where the【K11】______pot is a reality, it is on the 【K12】______stove, in the course of one month, half the readers of this sentence have probably eaten pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein. Specific differences that might be【K13】______as signs of separate cultural identity are relatively【K14】______within the general unity of American life; they are **mas and semicolons in the【K15】______and pages of American life.
1. 【K1】
2. 【K2】
3. 【K3】
4. 【K4】
5. 【K5】
6. 【K6】
7. 【K7】
8. 【K8】
9. 【K9】
10. 【K10】
11. 【K11】
12. 【K12】
13. 【K13】
14. 【K14】
15. 【K15】
2. 翻译
1. Paraphrase the following idiomatic expressions.(5 x 2 = 10 %)rub shoulders with
2. the lion"s share
3. throw in the towel
4. take the floor
5. burn the candle at both ends
6. Paraphrase the following sentences.(5 x4 =20%)It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight.
7. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.
8. They vote their political hunches to protect their political hides.
9. There is a touch of rough poetry about him.
10. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture.
3. 阅读理解
Jack lay, quiet and unmoving, for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed him with sharp needles, causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg. Jack was getting a tattoo. His friend Tony had recently gotten a tattoo, and Jack was so impressed by Tony"s bravery and his tattoo that he decided to get one too. Getting a tattoo because your friends and peers have them is just one of the reasons why a lot of young people in North America get tattoos. Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of **mon reasons for wearing tattoos today. The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one"s friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large"Xs" tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special "uniform". Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. Some of these groups wear only brand-name clothes. Some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person"s friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo, too. The media is
another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Tattoos can be seen on people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value. It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings—in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others" names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person"s life. As you can see, there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos. A tattoo can be part of a group"s uniform. It can be a sign of fashion. It can be an expression of individuality. The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself. For Jack, it was a mixture of all three.
1. According to the essay, media images are linked to______. Choose all that apply.
A. wealth
B. status
C. success
D. debt
2. Jack was stabbed for thirty minutes with a needle because______.
A. he was getting a nose ring
B. he was getting his ears pierced
C. he was getting acupuncture
D. he was getting a tattoo
3. According to the essay, some people get tattoos because______.
A. they think it is fashionable
B. they like pain
C. they think it will wash off in the bath
D. they are religious
4. According to the essay, Jack thinks people who get tattoos are______.
A. cowardly
B. brave
C. old fashioned
D. nitwits
5. What is NOT the reason for Jack"s getting a tattoo?
A. The influence of friends.
B. The influence of media.
C. A desire to express himself.
D. A desire to stay healthy.
Brendan"s best friend is Tip. Tip and Brendan are inseparable. They teach each other things and they look after each other. Tip has helped Brendan become more responsible, more caring, and a better friend. Brendan is a nine-year-old boy, and Tip is a ten-year-old dog. Brendan and Tip are an example of how owning a dog can have a positive effect on a child"s development. Having a dog develops a child"s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches the nature of friendship. Having a dog helps a child learn how to act responsibly. As a dog owner, the child must take care of the animal"s daily needs. The dog must be fed and exercised every day.
A dog is completely dependent on its owner for all its needs, including the need for good health
and a safe environment. Therefore, being responsible for a dog also means taking care of the dog so that it stays healthy. Furthermore, the owner must take responsibility for the safety of the dog and the safety of the people it comes into contact with. If the child forgets any of these duties and responsibilities, or ignores any of the dog"s needs, the dog will suffer. This teaches the child that his responsibility to the dog is more important than his desire to play with his toys, talk on the phone, or watch TV. This is true not only for the care of a dog, but also for the care of oneself, another person, or one"s job. Learning how to take responsibility for the health and welfare of a dog leads to learning how to take responsibility for oneself. Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. Empathy is the ability to put oneself in another person"s, or in this case, another creature"s, situation and imagine that person"s or creature"s feelings or problems. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn how to interpret its behaviour. The child must learn to understand what the dog"s behaviour means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog"s mind. Understanding a situation from the dog"s perspective helps the child understand why the dog is behaving in a certain way and what the dog needs. The result of learning to read a dog"s behaviour is that the child develops empathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person. Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend. One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. The dog will patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child soon realizes that his dog will always listen to him, will always be ready to play with him, will always protect him, and will always forgive him. A child who has learned to be even half as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned of the most valuable lessons in life. These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last the child"s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.
6. A child learns how to be responsible for a dog by______.
A. taking care of the dog"s daily needs
B. becoming dependent on the dog
C. taking away a safe environment
D. feeding the dog weekly
7. Learning how to care for a dog can help children______.
A. to choose the dog over playing
B. to ignore the dog"s needs
C. to get welfare
D. to take care of themselves
8. Which of the following is a positive result of learning how to interpret a dog"s behavior?
A. Becoming empathetic.
B. Being thoughtless.
C. Becoming arrogant.
D. Becoming selfish.
9. As far as loyalty is concerned, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The dog will protect people.
B. The dog neglects its owner.
C. The dog offers unconditional love.
D. The dog is able to tolerate the negative qualities of humans.
10. Which of the following is a positive result of learning how to interpret a dog"s behavior?
A. Becoming arrogant.
B. Being thoughtless.
C. Becoming empathetic.
D. Becoming selfish.
This year 2008 , Americans elect on a new president on November 4th. It"s an important event that happens once every four years. Currently, the president is always elected from one of the two main parties in the United States; the Republicans and the Democrats. There are other presidential candidates. However, it is unlikely that any of these"third party"candidates will win. It certainly hasn"t happened in the last one hundred years. In order to become the presidential nominee of a party, the candidate must win the primary election. Primary elections are held throughout each state in the United States in the first half of any election year. Then, the delegates attend their party convention in order to nominate their chosen candidate. Usually, as in this election, it"s clear who will be the nominee. However, in the past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult process. Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the country. A number of debates are usually held in order to better understand the candidates" points of view. These points of view often reflect their party"s platform. A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies a party holds. Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving speeches. These speeches are often called "stump speeches". In the 19th century candidates would stand on tree stumps to deliver their speeches. These stump speeches repeat the candidate"s basic views and aspirations for the country. They are repeated many hundred of times by each candidate. Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too negative. Each night you can see many attack ads on the television. These short ads contain sound bites which often distort the truth, or something the other candidate has said or done. Another recent problem has been voter turnout. There is often less than 60% turnout for national elections. Some people don"t register to vote, and some registered voters don"t show up at the voting booths. This angers many citizens who feel that voting is the most important responsibility of any citizen. Others point out that not voting is expressing an opinion that the system is broken. The United States maintains an extremely old, and some say inefficient, voting system. This system is called the Electoral College. Each state is assigned electoral votes based on the number of senators and representatives that state has in Congress. Each state has two Senators. The number of representatives is determined by the states population but is never less than 1 percent. The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state. One candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a state. In other words, Oregon has 8 electoral votes. If 1 million people vote for the Republican candidate and one million and ten people vote for the Democratic candidate, ALL 3 electoral votes go to the democratic candidate. Many people feel that this system should be abandoned.
11. What is the " third party" ?
A. The Republicans.
B. The Democrats.
C. Neither of the two main parties.
D. Either the opponents or the supporters.
12. When are primaries held?
A. During the second half of the election year.
B. During the previous year to the election.
C. During the first half of the election year.
D. During the second half of the election year.
13. What is the main purpose of the debates?
A. Raising money for the election.
B. Helping to understand the candidates" points of view.
C. To attract advertising.
D. Helping the audience and voters to make their decision.
14. What is a stump speech?
A. The standard speech given by a nominee many times.
B. A special speech for a particular group.
C. A speech about the forest.
D. The improvised speech made by candidates while traveling.
15. What is an attack ad?
A. An advertisement which presents a nominee"s point of view on an issue.
B. A type of election fad.
C. A type of party platform.
D. An advertisement which contains a sound bite which distorts the truth.
Learning a language is not for everyone. Some people find it very difficult and stressful; others actually enjoy the mental challenge and still others(although these are rare people)find it easy to learn a foreign language. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in trying to define the characteristics of a " good" language learner. Here are four examples—can you select the person who is likely to make the best language learner from these descriptions of their needs and personalities? Perhaps it is best to take a typical example at the outset. Fred Brown had to retire last year because of a bad heart. He went to Spain for a holiday and decided he liked the country and the people so much that he would like to learn the language. He already speaks good French and a little Italian and he thinks these will give him a head start in learning another Latin language. He sees language leaning as a detective game; He hunts for cines and likes to find the answers himself. He knows that language learning is hard work, but he gives himself a little to learn each day. He listens to himself and usually knows when he has made a mistake. He knows exactly what sort of Spanish he wants to learn and is only interested in that. Mary Green has friends in Athens and she has been to Greece several times. Through her friends she met a Greek working in London and now they are engaged to be married. They plan to live in London but she feels she must learn Greek to talk to her future in-laws. She is going to Greek cookery classes as well. She says she is "hopeless at languages" and she hated the French teacher at school. She thinks language is all about talking and she tries to experiment with the language she knows:She takes risks. She is rather lazy about reading Greek and "switches off" when she sees it written down. She finds the classes a bit boring because she is not learning the things she wants to leam
but she has not spoken to the teacher about this. In total contrast to someone who has the need to integrate into a family situation, however, is John Freeman. John"s company is starting to sell sportswear in France next May and John will have to visit Marseilles four times a year. There will be a local agent so he will not have to negotiate in French. He has been to France on holiday three times and knows a few words already. He enjoyed the sunshine but doesn"t really like foreigners:" They"re all a funny lot. " He is a very precise person who always likes to be accurate and doesn"t like to make a fool of himself. He does not speak any other languages and is motivated to learn French because of his work. He knows that language can be described as a series of rules and he tries hard to learn the system. He likes the teacher to translate so that he can be sure he has understood exactly what every word means. He is not interested in wasting his time guessing. He has not thought about what kind of French he needs to learn. Jane Smith, on the other hand, hasn"t even started work so she won"t have the strong motivation that working in a language gives people who are trying to sell their products. However, she doesn"t think that foreigners are strange people and she isn"t frightened of making mistakes because " it"s all a bit of fun". She has now finished her first school examinations and, although she is going on to study science in the 6th Form, she doesn"t want to forget the German she has studied. She can"t bear writing, though, and is impatient with herself when she makes grammatical mistakes. She doesn"t really know why she is continuing to leam and she has already said that if her German studies take up too much of her time, she will drop them and focus on "real" work. All of these learners have their own reasons and they are all different in how they approach the task and what they think learning is all about. The experts" view is that people who have a clear idea of the reasons for learning will do well and, on that basis, Fred Brown, John Freeman and Mary Green are clearly advantaged. However, it is also true that those who take risks and experiment do well and regular exposure to the language do well and here, of courses, John and Mary may have the edge over people like Jane. There"s also a case to be made that for those who enjoy learning and don"t care too much about making mistakes, success **e easily.
16. The person with the lowest motivation is probably______.
A. Jane
B. Fred
C. John
D. Mary
17. John Freeman is learning French______.
A. because he needs to go to Marseilles
B. only for professional reasons
C. to integrate into the French **munity
D. to be able to make business deals in French
18. Mary Green is learning Greek because______.
A. she needs it for professional reasons
B. she is going to cookery classes in Greek
C. she wants to be able to talk to her family
D. she wants to live in Greece
19. Fred, John and Mary have an advantage because______.
A. they aren"t afraid to experiment
B. they know what they want to learn
C. they understand the structure of language
D. they know why they are learning the language
20. Contact with native speakers helps you to learn, so______.
A. Fred will be at a definite disadvantage
B. Jane will have an advantage
C. Jane and John will be at a disadvantage
D. John and Mary will have an advantage
4. 英译汉
1. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(30 %)The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether unclear power or genetic engineering will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life—a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.
2. As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education, we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. There must have been a great deal of cultural humiliation felt by the English when they revolted under Saxon leaders like Hereward the Wake. "The King"s English"—if the term had existed then—had become French. And here in American now, 900 years later, we are still the heirs to it.
3. The diversity gives endless color to the city, so that walking in it is a constant education in slights and smells. There is a wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the most successful of such places are likely to be touristy **promises, they too have genuine roots. Other American cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an admixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions. In the same way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York must be celebrated along with its treasures of art and music. **bination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that sometimes becomes a real toleration.
5. 写作
1. There is a famous saying by Henry Peter Brougham:" Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave. " You are supposed to write a composition of about 300 words on the topic: Education. In the first part of **position, you should present your thesis statement; in the second part, you should support the thesis statement with details; and in the last part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and diction. Please write your response on the answer sheet.。

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