翻译的语言学方法资料
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Language, Culture and Translating (1993).
Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating (2001).
Nida’s Theory
Dynamic equivalence translation theory: his major contribution to translation studies.
2. Functionalist Approaches to Translation 功能学派翻译理论
3. Descriptive Approaches to Translation 描写学派翻译理论
4. Cultural Studies Approaches to Translation 文化学派翻译理论
Wolfram Wills (German linguist and translation theorist): The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods (《翻译科学： 问题与方法》1977，1982). Influenced by Nida’s theory.
Current controversies on the theory of “translation equivalence”
Criticisms:
Snell-Hornby: “Equivalence is unsuitable as a basic concept in translation theory” because it is “imprecise and ill-defined” (1988:22)
Catford’s translation model distinguishes between formal correspondence (形式对应) and textual equivalence (文本等值).
Wills’s translation model: text-pragmatic equivalence (文本语用等效).
Supports:
Peter Fawcett: translation equivalence “continues to be used in the everyday language of translation because they represent translation reality” (2007:62)
Theory of dynamic equivalence:
1) proposed in Toward a Science of Translating (《翻译科学探索》)(1964);
2) Nida’s Definition of dynamic equivalence translation:
John Catford (British linguist and translation theorist): A Linguistic Theory of Translation
(《翻译的语言学理论》1965).
Based on M.A.K. Halliday (British linguist): systemic functional grammar (系统功能语法).
Neubert, A. & G. Shreve. Translation as Text [M]. 1992.
General Introduction
Translation was not investigated scientifically until the 1960s in the Western history of translation as a great number of scholars and translators believed that translation was an art or a skill.
Just to stress the concept of function and to avoid misunderstandings of the term.
4) Functional equivalence is further divided into categories on two levels: the minimal level and the maximal level in Language, Culture and Translating (1993).
Werner Koller (German translation theorist) ’s translation model:
Koller classifies equivalence into denotative equivalence (外延/所指等值), connotative equivalence (内涵对等), text-normative equivalence (文本规范等值), pragmatic equivalence (语用对等).
Language Structure and Translation: Essays (1975);
From One Language to Another (1986, with Jan de Waard);
The Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains (1988, with Louw );
Contemporary Western Translation Theories (1960s-Present)
Contents
1. Linguistic/Scientific Approaches to Translation/ The Science of Translation 语言学派/科学派翻译理论/翻译科学派
（语言学派）
Reference
Nida, E.A. Toward A Science of Translating (《翻译科学 探索》) [M]. 1964. Chapter 6: “Principles of Correspondence”
Newmark, P. Approaches to Translation (《翻译问题探 讨》)[M]. 1981. Chapter 3: “Communicative and Semantic Translation”
“In terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language.”
Representnce and Formal Equivalence (动态对等翻译理论).
Peter Newmark (British translation theorist): Semantic and Communicative Translation (语义 翻译与交际翻译理论).
Customs, Culture and Christianity (1963);
Toward a Science of Translating (翻译科学探 索)(1964);
Religion Across Cultures (1968);
The Theory and Practice of Translation (1969, with C.R. Taber);
“The patriarch (元老) of translation study and a founder of the discipline”.
Working for the American Bible Society (ABS) after receiving his PhD in linguistics in 1943, to check and evaluate the publications of Bibles.
5. Philosophical Approaches to Translation 哲学派翻译理论
6. Congnitive Approaches to Translation 认知学派翻译理论
7. Empirical Research in Translation Studies
Reference:
Nida’s Publications:
Linguistic Interludes(《语言学对话录》) (1944/1947);
Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words (1949);
Message and Mission: The Communication of the Christian Faith (1960);
Linguistic/Scientific approaches to translation lingusitically-oriented translation theories
1960s: The Science of Translation (翻译科学派).
Eugene Nida (American linguist and translation theorist): Toward a Science of Translating (《翻译科学探索》1964).
马慧娟，苗菊 (ed.) Selected Readings of Contemporary Western Translation Theories （当代西方翻译理论选读) [C]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Linguistic Approaches to Translation
(Nida, The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969: 24)
3) “Dynamic equivalence” was replaced by “functional equivalence” in From One Language to Another: Functional Equivalence in Bible Translating (1986).
Albrecht Neubert (German translation theorist): Translation as Text (语篇翻译理论).
Eugene A. Nida (1914-)
(尤金·奈达)
A distinguished American translation theorist and linguist.
Linguistically-oriented translation theories: focus on “translation equivalence” (翻译对等):
Examples:
Nida’s translation model is closely related to dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence.
Based on Noam Chomsky’s generativetransformational grammar:
Syntactic Structures (1957), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965)：
Base component – a deep structure – a surface structure.
Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating (2001).
Nida’s Theory
Dynamic equivalence translation theory: his major contribution to translation studies.
2. Functionalist Approaches to Translation 功能学派翻译理论
3. Descriptive Approaches to Translation 描写学派翻译理论
4. Cultural Studies Approaches to Translation 文化学派翻译理论
Wolfram Wills (German linguist and translation theorist): The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods (《翻译科学： 问题与方法》1977，1982). Influenced by Nida’s theory.
Current controversies on the theory of “translation equivalence”
Criticisms:
Snell-Hornby: “Equivalence is unsuitable as a basic concept in translation theory” because it is “imprecise and ill-defined” (1988:22)
Catford’s translation model distinguishes between formal correspondence (形式对应) and textual equivalence (文本等值).
Wills’s translation model: text-pragmatic equivalence (文本语用等效).
Supports:
Peter Fawcett: translation equivalence “continues to be used in the everyday language of translation because they represent translation reality” (2007:62)
Theory of dynamic equivalence:
1) proposed in Toward a Science of Translating (《翻译科学探索》)(1964);
2) Nida’s Definition of dynamic equivalence translation:
John Catford (British linguist and translation theorist): A Linguistic Theory of Translation
(《翻译的语言学理论》1965).
Based on M.A.K. Halliday (British linguist): systemic functional grammar (系统功能语法).
Neubert, A. & G. Shreve. Translation as Text [M]. 1992.
General Introduction
Translation was not investigated scientifically until the 1960s in the Western history of translation as a great number of scholars and translators believed that translation was an art or a skill.
Just to stress the concept of function and to avoid misunderstandings of the term.
4) Functional equivalence is further divided into categories on two levels: the minimal level and the maximal level in Language, Culture and Translating (1993).
Werner Koller (German translation theorist) ’s translation model:
Koller classifies equivalence into denotative equivalence (外延/所指等值), connotative equivalence (内涵对等), text-normative equivalence (文本规范等值), pragmatic equivalence (语用对等).
Language Structure and Translation: Essays (1975);
From One Language to Another (1986, with Jan de Waard);
The Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains (1988, with Louw );
Contemporary Western Translation Theories (1960s-Present)
Contents
1. Linguistic/Scientific Approaches to Translation/ The Science of Translation 语言学派/科学派翻译理论/翻译科学派
（语言学派）
Reference
Nida, E.A. Toward A Science of Translating (《翻译科学 探索》) [M]. 1964. Chapter 6: “Principles of Correspondence”
Newmark, P. Approaches to Translation (《翻译问题探 讨》)[M]. 1981. Chapter 3: “Communicative and Semantic Translation”
“In terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language.”
Representnce and Formal Equivalence (动态对等翻译理论).
Peter Newmark (British translation theorist): Semantic and Communicative Translation (语义 翻译与交际翻译理论).
Customs, Culture and Christianity (1963);
Toward a Science of Translating (翻译科学探 索)(1964);
Religion Across Cultures (1968);
The Theory and Practice of Translation (1969, with C.R. Taber);
“The patriarch (元老) of translation study and a founder of the discipline”.
Working for the American Bible Society (ABS) after receiving his PhD in linguistics in 1943, to check and evaluate the publications of Bibles.
5. Philosophical Approaches to Translation 哲学派翻译理论
6. Congnitive Approaches to Translation 认知学派翻译理论
7. Empirical Research in Translation Studies
Reference:
Nida’s Publications:
Linguistic Interludes(《语言学对话录》) (1944/1947);
Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words (1949);
Message and Mission: The Communication of the Christian Faith (1960);
Linguistic/Scientific approaches to translation lingusitically-oriented translation theories
1960s: The Science of Translation (翻译科学派).
Eugene Nida (American linguist and translation theorist): Toward a Science of Translating (《翻译科学探索》1964).
马慧娟，苗菊 (ed.) Selected Readings of Contemporary Western Translation Theories （当代西方翻译理论选读) [C]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Linguistic Approaches to Translation
(Nida, The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969: 24)
3) “Dynamic equivalence” was replaced by “functional equivalence” in From One Language to Another: Functional Equivalence in Bible Translating (1986).
Albrecht Neubert (German translation theorist): Translation as Text (语篇翻译理论).
Eugene A. Nida (1914-)
(尤金·奈达)
A distinguished American translation theorist and linguist.
Linguistically-oriented translation theories: focus on “translation equivalence” (翻译对等):
Examples:
Nida’s translation model is closely related to dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence.
Based on Noam Chomsky’s generativetransformational grammar:
Syntactic Structures (1957), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965)：
Base component – a deep structure – a surface structure.