高中英语专题教与学（5）时态

高中英语专题教与学（5）时态
高中英语总复习专题（五）
动词的时态
一、一般现在时
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示知觉、态度、感情、所属或某种抽象的关系或概念。

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
The pen writes well.
All the students here belong to No.2 Middle School.
2、在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

When he reaches the airport, his secretary will meet him.
3、如果陈述客观事实或真理，出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
4、少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop 等可用一般现在时表达将来意义，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。

The shop closes at 10:00 p.m. tonight.
My plane takes off at 8:00 tomorrow.
二、一般过去时
1、表示过去的事情、动作或状态；表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。

I’m calling about the apartment you advertised the other day. Could you tell me more about it?（2013安徽卷）When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
I thought the film would be interesting, but it is n’t.
2、如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词用过去式。

He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
3、表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute，两个动词均用一般过去时。

The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
4、特殊句型：①It is time that sb. did sth. ②would rather sb. did sth.
It is time you went to bed.
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
三、一般将来时
1、will和shall可以表示未来的动作或状态；will可以用来表示“纯粹将来”；will可以用来表示一种趋向或习惯动作。

There will be a meeting tomorrow.
Next year, I will be 20 years old.
We'll die without air or water.
Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. （2013湖南卷）
2、be going to +不定式，表示将来。

（1）表示一种“主观”打算，即将做某事。

例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?
（2）有迹象要发生的事。

例如：Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.
3、be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事，是“客观”将来；还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
You are to finish the task in a week.
4、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事，不能与tomorrow，next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用；但通常可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。

He is about to leave for Beijing.
I was about to leave when he came to visit me.
5、be to do和be going to的差别：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计
划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。

（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。

（主观安排）
6、一般现在时表将来
（1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

（2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

（3）在时间或条件句中。

例如：
When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。

7、下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。

例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

四、现在进行时
1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。

例如：
Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us. (2013北京卷）
The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the
workers are repairing one of the main pipes.（2013天津卷）
2、习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。

（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。

）
3、表示某种带有说话人感情色彩的现阶段经常发生的事情，一般与always，continually，constantly，forever 等频度状语连用。

She is always making the same mistake.
My boss is continuously finding fault with me.
4、下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。

（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。

（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。

（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

五、将来完成时
1、状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。

They will have been married for 20 years by then.
2、动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
六、过去完成时
1、两个过去的动作做比较，发生在前的动词使用过去完成时态。

动词一动词二
-----------|-------------|--------------|------------> 将来
那时以前那时现在
The train had left before we reached the station.
He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had had it for a very long time.（2013辽宁卷）
2、到过去的某个时间点，某个动作完成，使用过去完成时态。

常
见的时间状语by……。

--------------------> | 结束
---------------------- |-------------------|------------> 将来
过去时间现在
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

例如：
I thought that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

She said（that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她没去过巴黎。

4、表意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，而未能…”。

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

5、表示“一……就”的几个句型：（1）had hardly/scarcely… when（2）had no sooner…than
I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

七、过去进行时
1、表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

Jim was watching a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.（2013陕西卷）
2、一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
3、过去进行时态表示过去将来。

We were leaving very early so we packed the night before. （2013全国大纲卷）
八、将来进行时
1、表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。

如：
What will you be doing at this time next Monday?
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.
2、表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。

如：
Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better.
九、现在完成时
1、现在完成时的“完成意义”：动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响。

He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。

(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况：灯现在不亮了。

) When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have changed my mind. （2013新课标1）〖注意〗现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)。

Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2、现在完成时的“未完成意义”：动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

He has lived here since 1978. 从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(一直住到现在，可能还要续住下去。

)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。

3、现在完成时态常见的时间状语有：(ever) since, up to(till) now, so far, over(during/in) the past(last) 3 weeks等等。

Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten
different films over the past years. （2013北京卷）During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs has increased sharply.(2013浙江卷)
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Up to now, the factory has produced 300,000 cars.
十、现在完成进行时
1、强调动作还未结束，还要继续下去。

如：
I’ve been reading this book for two hours. 这本书我已读了两个小时了。

It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周日以来就一直在下雨。

2、强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。

She is very tired. She's been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。

The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (2013福建卷)
【巩固练习】
第一组
1. They _______ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
2. The secretary is going to report to the manager as soon as he _______.
A. will arrive
B. arrives
C. is going to arrive
D. is arriving
3. We all know that ice _______.
A. feel cold
B. is felt sold
C. is feeling cold
D. feels cold
4. ----This cloth _______ well and _______ long. ---- OK. I’ll take it.
A. washes ; lasts
B. is washed; lasted
C. washes, is lasted
D. is washing, lasting
5. I must leave, too. I _______ having tea with you, Bill.
A. was enjoying
B. am enjoying
C. enjoyed
D. enjoy
6. Helen _______ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _______ home.
A. has left; comes
B. left; had come
C. had left; came
D. had left; would come
7. It _______ every day so far this week.
A. is raining
B. rained
C. rains
D. has been raining
8. In ancient days the earth _______ to be flat.
A. is believed
B. was believed
C. has believed
D. believed
9. I _______ my face when suddenly someone _______ at the door.
A. washed, knocked
B. washed, was knocking
C. was washing, was knocking
D. was washing, knocked
10. ---- Was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in Mexico last summer?
---- No, it _______ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining
B. would be raining
C. had been raining
D. has rained
11. However much _______, it will be worth it
A. does the watch cost
B. costs the watch
C. the watch will cost
D. the watch costs
12. If the dog wins tomorrow, he _______ sixteen races in the past three years.
A. has won
B. will win
C. will have won
D. would have won
13. I _______ at the station half an hour ago, but the train _______ yet.
A. arrived, hadn’t come
B. was arriving, hadn’t come
C. arrived, hasn’t come
D. had arrived, didn’t come
14. You won’t kno w if the coa t fits you until you _______ it on.
A. will try
B. are trying
C. tried
D. have tried
15. My dictionary _______, I have looked for it everywhere but still _______.
A. has lost; don’t find
B. is missing; don’t find
C. has lost; haven’t fo und
D. is missing; haven’t found
16. ---- How long _______ each other before they _______ married? ---- For about a year.
A. have they known; get
B. did they know; were going to get
C. do they know; are going to get
D. had they known; got
17. ---- Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.
---- Oh, how nice of you. I _______ you _______ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going
B. never thought; were going
C. didn’t think; are going
D. hadn’t thought; were going
18. When Jack arrived, he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour.
A. had gone
B. had set off
C. had left
D. had been away
19. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ---- Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been
B. had been
C. was
D. will
20. ---- Why did you come by taxi? ---- My car broke down last week and I still _______ it repaired.
A. haven’t had
B. didn’t have
C. don’t have
D. won’t have
21. ---- Have you moved into the house? ---- Not yet. The rooms _______.
A. are being painted
B. are painting
C. are painted
D. are being painting
22. If the city noises _______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard.
A. are not kept ; will have to
B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to
D. do not keep, have to
23. I’m su rprised to find you here looking well and playing tennis, Jim. Ann said that you _______ sick.
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. had been
24. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times.
A. had met
B. have met
C. met
D. meet
25. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _______ into space.
A. just stared
B. was just staring
C. has just stared
D. had just stared
26. ---- _______ my glasses? ---- Yes, I _______ them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see; saw
B. Had you seen; have seen
C. Have you seen; saw
D. Would you see; saw
27. I met him at a party, but I haven’t seen him _______.
A. since
B. still
C. yet
D. then
28. ---- Can you attend the party tomorrow? ---- I think I can when my headache _______ thoroughly.
A. will disappear
B. is disappearing
C. disappears
D. is disappeared
29. ---- Nancy is not coming tonight. ---- But she _______!
A. promises
B. promised
C. will promise
D. had promised
30. _______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
31. ---- Put these glasses away before they _______. ---- OK. I’ll p ut them in the cupboard.
A. have broken
B. are breaking
C. get broken
D. will be broken
32. ---- _______my dictionary? ---- Yes, I put it in your desk just now.
A. Do you see
B. Have you seen
C. Did you see
D. Had you seen
33. ----When did he go to America? ----Oh, he _______ there since half a year ago.
A. went
B. has been
C. has gone
D. was
34. You _______ things about. Look, what a mess in your room!
A. always throw
B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing
D. have always been throwing
35. ----Look! Someone has spilt coffee on the carpet. ----Well, it _______me.
A. isn’t
B. wasn’t
C. hasn’t been
D. hadn’t been
36. I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we _______ time for a game tomorrow.
A. shall have
B. have
C. will have
D. are going to have
37. ----I’ve bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.
----Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t’ like sweet things. _______ that?
A. Don’t you know
B. Haven’t you know
C. Didn’t you know
D. Hadn’t you known
38. By next summer John _______ in this factory for thirteen years.
A. has been working
B. will have been working
C. will be working
D. has left; worked
39. Shelly _______California for Texas and she_______ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit.
A. left; worked
B. has left; had worked
C. left; has worked
D. has left; worked
40. ----where _______ the recorde r? I can’t see it anywhere.
----I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.
A. did you put; have put
B. were you putting; have put
C. had you put; have put
D. have you put; put
第二组
41. ---- Look! How long _______ like this?
---- Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______without stopping these days of the year.
A. has it rained; pours
B. has it been raining; pours
C. is it raining; is pouring
D. does it rain; pours
42. Our team was ahead during the first half, but we _______ in the last ten minutes.
A. had lost
B. would lose
C. were losing
D. lost
43. A gentle wind _______ through the tree. In the distance, I _______ a racing car moving across the dusty plain.
A. was blowing; noticed
B. blew; had noticed
C. had blown; was noticing
D. has blown; have noticed
44. You need n’t hurry her; she _______ it by the time your are ready.
A. will have finished
B. will finish
C. will be finishing
D. has finished
45. ----When _______ again?
----When he _______, I’ll let you know.
A. did he come; comes
B. will he come; will come
C. does he come; comes
D. will he come; comes
46. The team have found jobs for the summer in different places, so they _______able to practice together until next year.
A. aren’t
B. haven’t been
C. won’t be
D. weren’t
47. By the time you get to the airport, she _______ for New Zealand.
A. would be leaving
B. has already left
C. is leaving
D. will have left.
48. ----Who is the old man talking with your teacher? ----I don’t know. I _______ him before.
A. was never seeing
B. had never seen
C. never saw
D. wouldn’t see
49. Tom insisted what he said _______ true and we insisted that he _______ and have a look.
A. be; should go
B. should be; would go
C. was; go
D. was; would go
50. ----Tom came back home the day before yesterday. ----Really? Where _______at all?
A. had he been
B. has he been
C. had he gone
D. has he gone
51. ----The telephone is ringing. ----I _______ answer it.
A. will
B. am going to
C. am to
D. am about to
52. Collecting stamps as a hobby _______increasingly popular during the past fifty years.
A. becomes
B. became
C. has become
D. had become
53. You _______ television. Why not do something more active?
A. always watch
B. are always watching
C. have always watched
D. have always been watching.
54. My money_______. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I have none in hand.
A. has run out
B. is running out
C. has been run out
D. is being run out.
55. I would have come to see you earlier, but I _______ too busy.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
56. ---- Can I drive on the free way, Mr. Green? ----You can when you _______a bit more skilled.
A. will get
B. are getting
C. will have got
D. get
57. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _______ him but failed.
A. held
B. had held
C. would hold
D. was holding
58. ----Why didn’t you turn up at the meeting?
----I _______for a long-distance call from my father in England.
A. waited
B. had waited
C. was waiting
D. have been waiting
59. ----I was sent to hospital last night. ----You _______ within an inch of life, and didn’t you know it?
A. have been
B. are
C. were
D. would be
60. In 1960, this was the longest bridge that _______.
A. was ever built
B. had ever built
C. has ever been built
D. had ever been built
61. Mr. Alcott told me that four-fifths of the houses _______.
A. have been sold out
B. had been sold out
C. were sold out
D. was sold out
62. ----I’ve been told that John _______from his journey to America. What about visiting him tonight?
----All right. I’ll call for you at 6:00 p.m.
A. had come back
B. is back
C. came back
D. would come back
63. ----Is Dad going to the park together with us this Saturday?
----He wont’ be free then. He _______ a meeting.
A. will be attending
B. has attended
C. is attending
D. ought to attend
64. ----How are the Houston Rocket playing?
----They _______ off to a bad start, but they are playing quite well.
A. had got
B. was getting
C. got
D. has got
65. ----Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? ----Yes, but she _______soon afterwards.
A. had left
B. left
C. would leave
D. will leave
66. ----Alice’s second-hand computer _______wrong although she used it only once.
----You’d better go to check it.
A. went
B. has gone
C. is going
D. had gone
67. This time Tom_______ careful enough, otherwise he would not have passed the test.
A. was
B. should be
C. had been
D. were
68. The medicine is supposed to cure this disease, but I’m not sure it_______.
A. does
B. was
C. has
D. is
69. ----What place is it? ----Haven’t you seen that we _______back where we _______?
A. were; had been
B. are, were
C. were; have been
D. are; had been
70. If Jane _______free today, I would love to have a good talk with her.
A. is
B. was
C. were
D. would be
第三组
71. Because I _______ the next day, I went to bed early on Saturday evening.
A. was leaving
B. will leave
C. had left
D. was about to leave
72. Robert _______ me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I _______ it.
A. had given; lost
B. has given; have lost
C. gave; have lost
D. gives; lost
73. ----Hey. Look where you are going. ----Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______.
A. I’m not noticing
B. I don’t notice
C. I haven’t noticed
D. I wasn’t noticing
74. ----Be sure to get there on time, _______ you? ----Of course, we _______.
A. will; will
B. won’t shall
C. don’t; do
D. can’t; must
75. The telephone _______ four times in the last hour, and each time it _______ for my roommate.
A. has rung, was
B. has been ringing, is
C. had rung, was
D. rang, has been
76. There you are! We _______ anxious about you. We _______ you back much earlier all through the night.
A. are; expect
B. were; had expected
C. will be; are expecting
D. have bee; were expecting
77. ----You look tired. ----Yes. I _______ non-stop until twelve o’clock.
A. am working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
78. He _______ to meet us at the station, but he didn’t see us.
A. has gone
B. was to go
C. would go
D. did go
79. She must have arrived there last night, _______ she?
A. didn’t
B. haven’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
80. I _______ much farther before I caught them up.
A. had not gone
B. had not been going
C. was not going
D. did not go
81. She was so interested in the book that she _______ it for three hours before she realized it.
A. would have read
B. was reading
C. read
D. had read
82. Mr. Benson _______ himself abstract physics by the time he was fifteen.
A. had taught
B. was taught
C. has taught
D. taught
83. The boy recognized clearly where his duty _______.
A. laid
B. lays
C. lay
D. lies
84. Twelve inches _______ one foot.
A. will make
B. is making
C. makes
D. make
85. Unless he _______the money before Friday, I shall consult the lawyer.
A. will send
B. won’t send
C. doesn’t send
D. sends
86. The train _______ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten o’clock tonight.
A. goes
B. will be going
C. went
D. would go
87. He promised us that he _______ early but he _______ yet.
A. would be, hasn’t arrived
B. is, hasn’t been arriving
C. should be, isn’t arriving
D. will be, hadn’t arrived
88. ----The American teacher will be here tomorrow. ----Oh,
I thought that she _______ today.
A. had come
B. will come
C. has come
D. was coming
89. I have to make a quick phone call; can you wait a few moments? It _______ long.
A. won’t take
B. doesn’t take
C. isn’t taking
D. wont’ be taking
90. They _______ themselves on the beach when the rain _______ and spoilt their fun.
A. were enjoying; was coming
B. enjoyed; is coming
C. had enjoyed; was coming
D. were enjoying; came
91. He asked his mother for some money but _______ a good scolding.
A. was being given
B. had been given
C. was given
D. gave
92. The thief had to throw away the things that _______ him while fleeing.
A. hadn’t belonged to
B. weren’t belonging to
C. didn’t belong to
D. weren’t belonged to
93. ---- Your phone number again? I _______ quite catch it. ---- It’s 9568442.
A. didn’t
B. couldn’t
C. don’t
D. can’t
94. The old man _______ for three days when his son got back home.
A. has been dead
B. had been dead
C. died
D. had died
95. Computer cannot remember who _______; it simple does what _______.
A. has used it; it is told
B. will use it; it was told
C. uses it; it has told
D. has used it; it told
96. ----Did you visit some places of interest while you _______ in Egypt?
----I _______ to, but I was extremely busy.
A. stayed; was intending
B. were staying; had intended
C. had stayed; did intend
D. was staying; was intended
97. ----What do you think of Julia?
----She could be a very attractive girl, but she _______ no attention to her dress.
A. paid
B. was paying
C. pays
D. had paid
98. ----Did you noticed him when he slipped into the meeting hall?
----No. I _______ the ch airman’s report carefully without raising my eyes.
A. had read
B. was reading
C. read
D. have been reading
99. ----What is the matter? ----The shoes don’t fit properly. They _______ my feet.
A. are hurting
B. will hurting
C. have hurt
D. are hurt
100. ----You can find the answer to this physics problem on Page 88.
----Oh, it is so simple that I wonder why I _______ of that.
A. didn’t think
B. haven’t thought
C. hadn’t thought
D. don’t think
Keys:
01-05 CBDAC 06-10 CDBDC 11-15 DCCDD 16-20 DBDAA
21-25 AABBB 26-30 CACBD 31-35 CBBCB 36-40 BCBCD
41-45 BDAAD 46-50 CDCCA 51-55 ACBBC 56-60 DDCCD
61-65 BBACB 66-70 AAABA 71-75 ACDAA 76-80 BBDAA
81-85 DACCD 86-90 BADAD 91-95 CCABA 96-00 BCBAA。