高中英语虚拟语气练习题(附答案解析)

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高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
(1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。

根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。

(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。

其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible.
He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:The general sent the order that the battle (should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。

1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。

如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if,as though引导的从句。

如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。

如:
If only I had passed the test!
If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。

如:
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。

如:
Would you mind smoking here?
May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China!
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.—Was Sun Yang sorry for his driving without a license?
—Yeah, he said he ________ a role model as a public figure but he failed to be.
A.was B.had been
C.should have been D.would be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意:——孙杨为他的无证驾驶感到抱歉吗?——是的,他说他作为公众人物本应该做个榜样,但是他没有这么做。

根据“he failed to be”可知,表示与过去事实相反,表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”,应用should have done结构。

故选C。

2. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If it were to be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果没有那些免费的票,我不会去影院这么频繁。

If虚拟条件句的否定(含蓄条件句)常考两个句型:If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是”。

从句中如果有助动词had, should或were时,可以省略if,而从句使用倒装语序。

故选C。

3.They suggested that the professor ______ just now ______ chairman of the meeting. A.referring to; was made B.referring to; be made
C.referred to; be made D.referred to; was made
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:第一个空是在考查非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the professor,refer to(关系到,涉及到,谈及)与refer to 之间的关系为被动,所以应为referred to. 第二个空是考查重点动词suggest的用法,其后的宾语从句应为虚拟的用法,即should +vt,其中should可省略,所以应为be made,故答案应为C。

考点:考查非谓语动词及重点动词的用法。

4.In this company, it is required that anyone who ______ recently come here _____ this kind of test.
A.has; has B.has; have
C.have; have D.have; has
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考察主谓一致和虚拟语气。

本题第一空是定语从句,who指代先行词在句中作主语,因为先行词是anyone所以句中使用单数has的形式。

因为前面的动词是require后面的宾语从句指使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气。

should可以省略。

句意:在这个公司里,要求最近来的人要进行这样的一个测试。

故B正确。

考点:考察主谓一致和虚拟语气
点评:英语中有4——四个表示“要求”的词,require, ask ,tell, demand;3——三个表示“建议”的词,suggest, recommend, advice;2——两个表示“命令”的词,order,command ; 1——一个表示“坚持”的词,insist。

他们后面接 should+动词原形的虚拟语气。

Should可以省略。

另外定语从句中的单复数取决于先行词的单复数形式。

5.What would have happened ________,as far as up to the river bank.
A.Bob had walked farther
B.if Bob should walk farther
C.had Bob walked farther
D.if Bob walked farther
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

根据语境为过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故用had Bob walked farther,等于if Bob had walked farther,选C。

6.Wouldn’t you rather your child____ successful with his study and on the scholarship? A.become B.became
C.would become D.becomes
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:难道你不想让你的孩子在学业上成功,获得奖学金吗?would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气,和现在相反的情况用一般过去式,所以选B。

考点:考查虚拟语气
7.If it _________ not for all the cars and passers-by with cameras, you _________ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century.
A.is …will B.had been… would
C.were… will D.were…might
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人,你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。

从句意看,这是一种不真实的情况,用虚拟语气,因为是和现在相反的情况,所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were,主句用情态动词might do,所以选D。

考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气
8.________the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes.
A.If he understood B.Had he understood C.When he had understood D.If he would understood
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

had he understood the problem是省略的倒装形式,正常结构是If he had understood the problem。

句意:如果他理解了这个问题,他就不会犯那些错误。

9.—Why didn’t you buy the gold ring?
—I ______ but I didn’t have the money.
A.would have B.bought C.would like to D.had bought
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和省略。

句意:——你为什么不买金戒指?——如果当时我有钱的话,我会买的,但我没有钱。

根据but I didn't have the money可知,此处暗含“如果我当时有钱的话,就会……”,这里是和过去事实相反的假设,主句是省略句,全句是I would have(bought the gold ring)其他选项不符合语境。

故选A。

10.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A.have had B.had had C.have D.had
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查虚拟语气。

句意:对不起,我很忙。

要是我有空的话,我肯定会和你一起去郊游。

既然I am too busy,说明“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设,所以此处为虚拟语气。

含有主从复合句的虚拟语气在if从句中谓语动词通常用过去式形式表现在,所以答案应选had。

11.At the age of 14, Father had to leave school and start working. There would be no one to support the family _______ he not worked.
A.did B.has C.had D.was
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:14岁时,父亲不得不离开学校,开始工作。

要是他不工作的话,就没有人来养活这个家庭了。

此处是if引导的非真实条件句,与过去事实相反,当把if省略时则把助动词had/should情态动词were提到主语前面。

故选C。

12.It was Mr. Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. Without his help, we ______ it so easily. A.can’t manage B.mustn’t have managed
C.couldn’t have managed D.couldn’t manage
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。

根据heiped可知,是发生的事情,对过去虚拟,主句用
would/could/should have done故选C
考点:考查虚拟语气
13.--- Shall I open the window to let some fresh air in?
--- No,_____
A.I’d rather not B.I’d rather you not
C.I’d rather you didn’t D.I’d like not to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和省略的用法。

句意:--用不用我打开窗户透透气。

---不用了,我宁愿你不打开。

A. I’d rather not是I’d rather not open the window的省略句,意思是“我不愿意去开窗”。

B. I’d rather you not,I’d rather后不跟you not结构,B项语法不正确。

C. I’d rather you didn’t I’d rather后可跟从句,虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时态,表示与现实
相反D. I’d like not to此项语法不正确应该用wouldn't like to do sth.。

故选C。

14.If my car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. A.was B.had been C.should be D.would be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果我的车靠得住的话,去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机
了。

根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用had done,选B。

15.If he had known he was building his own house, he ________ all of it so differently. A.would do B.would have done
C.could do D.must have done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意:如果他知道他正在盖自己的房子,他做的所有这些将会很不同。

根据“If he had known”可知,本句是对过去的虚拟,因此主句中谓语动词需用would have done结构,故选B。

must have done表示“一定做过”,是过去事情的肯定推测。

16.Leading politicians in the U.S. have sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences urging that it ________ actions that could be taken by state and local governments and universities ________ national excellence in humanities and social scientific education”.
A.to identify; maintaining B.identifies; to maintain
C.identify; to maintain D.will identify; maintaining
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查谓语动词、虚拟语气和非谓语动词。

句意:美国的主要政治家已致信美国艺术与科学学院,敦促其确定州、地方政府和大学可以采取的行动,以保持国家在人文和社会科学教育方面的卓越。

”第一空涉及一个urge引导的宾语从句,表示“敦促”,从句的谓语需要用“should加上一般现在时”,其中should还可以省略,所以填identify。

第二空涉及一个非谓语动词的选择,该句谓语为identify,且根据句意,此空表目的,所以应用maintain的不定式to maintain。

故选C项。

17.Without your help, I ________ the first prize in the English Speaking Contest.
A.won’t get B.didn’t get
C.wouldn’t get D.wouldn’t have got
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:没有你的帮助,在英语演讲比赛中我就不会得第一名。

此处与过去的事实相反,Without your help相当于if引导的非真实条件句,故答案为D。

【名师点睛】
without引导的虚拟语气
1.与现在事实相反:
Without air,man couldn't exist on the earth.没有空气的话,人类将不能在地球上生存。

谓语动词:would/could/might (not) do sth.
2.与过去事实相反:
Without your help,I would have failed the exam last week.没有你帮助的话,我上周考试可能就通不过了。

谓语动词:would/could/might (not) have done sth.
3.与将来事实相反:
Without your ticket,I wouldn't be able to go to the concert tomorrow.要是没有你的票的话,我明天就不能去听音乐会了。

谓语动词:would/could/might (not) do sth.
18.Thank you so much for your kind assistance; otherwise, my son ___________ the project on time.
A.would never have completed B.had never completed
C.has never completed D.will never complete
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:非常感谢你的帮助;要不然的话,我儿子永远不会按时完成这个项目。

根据句意可知“我儿子按时完成了这个项目”,与过去的事实相反,相当于if非真实条件句的主句部分,故A项正确。

19.I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at present.
A.studied B.had studied
C.have studied D.will study
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:我当时要是学摄影就好了。

如果是的话,我现在可以帮你一下。

此处考查动词wish后跟宾语从句,用虚拟语气。

表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时。

故选B.
【点睛】
虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中,(常常省去连词that),表示不可能实现的愿望。

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式(be 一律用were)
例如:I wish I knew everything in the world.
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词,本题就属于这一类。

例如:I wish that you had called yesterday.
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成:主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如:I wish that he could try again.
20.--- Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I late for the flight yesterday.
--- Don’t mention it.
A.will have been B.would have been
C.must be D.could be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:“谢谢你提醒我时间,否则昨天我要迟到了。

”“不客
气。

”would+have+d one表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。

故B选项正确。

21.If Mrs. Brown Mary to literature in junior high school, She wouldn’t be a writer now. A.hadn’t introduced B.didn’t introduce
C.shouldn’t introduce D.hasn’t introduced
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果布朗夫人没有在初中时给玛丽介绍文学,她现在就不会成为作家了。

根据in junior high school可知,从句是对过去的虚拟,所以谓语动词应该用had done;主句的时间状语now可知,主句是对现在的虚拟,所以谓语动词应该用would+do,故选A。

【点睛】
混合虚拟语气:若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。

如:If it had rained last night(过去),it would be very cold today(现在).
22.If he had been working hard, he ______ in the office now. However, he didn’t.
A.would be working B.were to be working C.was working D.should work
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果他过去一直努力工作,现在就坐在办公室工作了。

然而,他没有。

根据“However, he didn’t.”可知,此句是混合虚拟语气。

If从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。

与现在相反的虚拟语气的主句可用would/could/ might +动词原形。

根据语境及时间状语“now”可知,此处是指现在正在工作,因此要用进行时,故选A。

【点睛】
一、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法
虚拟语气用于表示说话人所说的并不是事实,而是一种假设或愿望,往往与事实相反。

1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were),主语+would(should/ could/might)+动词原形
1) If I were you, I would study English.如果我是你,我就会学英语。

2)I would certainly go if I had time.如果有时间的话,我一定会去的。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+ had done,主语+would(should /could/ might)+ have done
1) If you had taken my advice, you would not have missed the test. 如果你接受了我的建议,你就不会错过考试。

3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。

If+主语+should(were to)+动词原形/动词的过去式,主语+would(could /should /might)+动词原形。

If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,会议就会推迟了。

二、错综时间虚拟条件句。

即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。

23.Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time, otherwise he ______________ over to help us. A.might have come B.would come
C.had come D.were to come
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:史密斯先生那时正在开会,要不然他可能过来帮我们了。

根据“Mr. Smith was having a meeting at that time”可知,此处表示对过去事情的推测,表示“可能已经”,故A项正确。

24.He would get to the university by Friday ______ today, which can ensure him of his speech. A.were he to leave B.if he had left C.did he to leave D.had he left
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果今天出发,他周五就可以达到那所大学,这样就可以确保他的演讲。

根据He would get to the university by Friday判断此处考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用一般过去时,即if he were to leave,又从句中有were时可省略if将其提到句首,即were he to leave,故选A项。

【点睛】
本题考查非真实条件状语从句中虚拟语气的省略
If引导的虚拟条件状语从句中,如有were, had(助动词),should时可省略if,再提前were, had, should。

例如:
1.If I were you, I would choose to stay at home. →Were I you, I would choose to stay at home.
2.If it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman. →Should it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman.
3.If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. →Had you followed my advice,you would be better now.
25.John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.
A.came B.would come C.would have come D.should be coming 【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:约翰昨天感到不舒服;否则,他就会去机场给朋友送行了。

表示同过去事实相反时,otherwise后的句子的谓语部分应用“would have done”形式。

Otherwise
相当于if he had felt well,是隐含的虚拟语气,从句用would have done表示和过去相反的虚拟语气。

故选C项。

【点睛】
考查虚拟语气要注意隐含的虚拟语气,如otherwise,without,but for等,还要注意主从句的时间不一致时,要区别对待。

26.To my delight, the students are recycling many things they _______ away in the past. A.were throwing B.will be throwing C.would have thrown D.had thrown
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:让我高兴的是,学生们正在回收很多东西,是他们过去本来会扔掉的。

分析句子可知,空格所在句定语从句,是一个隐含的虚拟语气,in the past相当于If they had been in the past,所以句子用虚拟语气,和过去相反用would have done。

故选C。

27.Many people _________ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.
A.would die B.would have died C.may die D.may have died
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:如果没有青霉素,许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。

分析句意可知,此句是一个虚拟语气,根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知,此句是对过
去的虚拟,故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might/could+have+过去分词”。

结合选项,故选B。

28.The manager’s order was that the names______ to in his report _______ to Mr Brown immediately.
A.referred; be e-mailed B.referring; should be e-mailed C.referred; were e-mailed D.was referred; must be e-mailed
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。

句意:经理的命令是把报告中提到的名字立即用电子邮件发给布朗先生。

第一空使用非谓语动词,names与refer to之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语;第二空使用虚拟语气(order后的表语从句要用should do的虚拟语气,其中should可省略),又因names与e-mail之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故A项正确。

29.Frankly, I’d rather you ____________anything about it for the time being.
A.not do B.don’t do C.didn’t do D.will not do
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意:坦白说,我希望你暂时什么都不要做。

would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,本句中需要用一般过去时表现现在或将来的愿望。

动词do
的否定过去式为didn’t do,故选C项。

30.________there were more people donating money to charity collections!
A.Only if B.If only
C.What if D.How about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句式。

A. Only if 只要; B. If only要是;C. What if假使---将会怎样; D. How about觉得怎么样。

句意:要是有更多的人捐款给慈善机构就好了!if only要是……就好了。

根据句意可知选B。

【名师点睛】
Only if只要,引导条件状语从句;If only要是---就好了,if only 与 I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同:
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。

If only he didn't drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。

【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。

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