Unit8We’retryingtosavetheearth!SectionA(GrammarFoc

Unit8We’re trying to save the earth! Section A (Grammar Focus4c)语法突破及
过关练习
语法专项突破
语法精讲
一、现在进行时
二、现在完成时
【助记】
三、used to的用法
四、被动语态
五、情态动词
情态动词有can(could), may(might), must, have to, shall(should), will(would), need等。

1. 特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化; 不能单独使用, 必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

2. 基本用法:
【拓展】
情态动词特殊用法
1. 对情态动词must引出的一般疑问句, 肯定回答用must; 否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。

—Must I finish the homework before seven o’clock?
——七点以前我必须完成家庭作业吗?
—No, you needn’t. /Yes, you must.
——不, 你不必。

/是的, 你必须。

2. 情态动词表示推测
①must“一定”, 表示肯定有把握的推测。

②can/could “可能”, 表示推测。

③may/might“或许; 可能”, 表示把握不大的推测。

④can’t“不可能”, 表示有把握的否定推测。

3.几组同义词的区别
(1)may与might
①表示请求或允许。

might表示请求或允许时比may语气更委婉，并不是其过去式。

否定回答时可用can't或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。

用“May I…？”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用“Can I…？”在口语中更常见。

②用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

如：
May you succeed！愿你成功！
(2)must与have to
①表示必须、必要。

在回答由must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't(禁止，不准)，而用needn't或don't have to(不必)。

如：
—Must we hand in our exercise books today？我们今天必须交练习本吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you don't have to/you needn't.是的，你们必须今天交。

/不，你们不一定要今天交。

②must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。

must 只有一般现在时，而have to 有更多的时态形式。

如：
I had to work when I was your age.我像你这么大时，就必须工作了。

(3)dare与need
①dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，其过去式为dared。

如：
He daren't speak English before such a crowd，dare he？他不敢在人群前说英语，是吗？
②need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。

在肯定句中一
般用must，have to，ought to，should代替。

如：
—Need I finish the work today？我需要今天完成这个工作吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的，必须今天完成。

/不，不一定要今天完成。

③dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。

在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。

在疑问句和否定句中，dare 后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。

need后面只能接带to的不定式。

如：
He doesn't dare(to) answer.他不敢回答。

He needs to finish his homework today.他今天要完成家庭作业。

(4)shall与should
①shall 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening？今天晚上我们做什么？
②shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

如：
You shall fail if you don't work hard.如果你不努力就会失败。

(警告)
(5)will与would
①表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。

如：
Will/Would you pass me the ball，please？请问你能把那个球递给我吗？
②表示意志、愿望和决心。

如：
I will never do that again.我再也不会那样做了。

③would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

would表示过去的习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

如：During the vacation，he would visit me every other day.假期里，他每隔一天看我一次。

(6)should与ought to
①should，ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should 语气重。

如：
I should help her because she is in trouble.我应该帮她，因为她陷入麻烦了。

You ought to take care of the baby.你应该照顾这个宝宝。

②表示劝告、建议或命令时should，ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。

如：
You should/ought to go to class right away.你应该马上去上课。

Should I open the window？我应该打开门吗？
语法集训
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Jane and her parents have lived(live) here since 10 years ago.
2. —Bob, can you give a hand?
—Just a minute, Mom. I am sending (send) an email now.
3. Bing Dwen Dwen, a panda in an ice shell, was chosen (choose) as the mascot for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in 2019.
4. Trees and flowers should be planted (plant) every year to make our
environment more beautiful.
Ⅱ. 用适当的情态动词填空
1. Everyone should play a part in cleaning up the city!
2. Even a small action you take can make a difference and lead to a better future!
3. Some endangered animals may/might disappear one day if we don’t do something to help them!
4. Nowadays you must/have to pay for plastic bags in some stores!
5. You needn’t worry about her. She is no longer a child.
Ⅲ. .根据要求完成句子
1.Mr. Green has travelled to several places in China.（改为否定句。

）Mr. Green to several places in China.
2.I have returned the book to the library.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答。

）
you the book to the library?
No, I .
3.She has taught English since 1998.（对画线部分提问。

）
has she taught English?
4.Teenagers should be allowed to play with friends at night.（改为否定句）
Teenagers play with friends at night.
5.Should the classroom be cleaned on time? （作肯定回答）
, .
1.hasn’t travelled
2. Have returned haven’t
3. How long
4.Should be allowed
5. Yes, it should
中考体验
Ⅰ. 动词应用
(2023·临沂中考) 根据短文内容, 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空, 必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

Kids in the Forest
When I picked up my son from preschool (幼儿园) one recent summer afternoon, he looked dirty from head to foot. He told me how he and his classmates played in the nearby forest. It was a hot day, so they took off their shoes to put their feet in the river. He 1. described (describe) excitedly to me the wonderful feeling of the cool river water.
This isn’t a typical preschool in the United States. It’s a forest school. A large part of my son’s school day takes place across 1, 000 square meters of forest and wetlands.
Today’s kids are under great pressure. It is believed that the road to
a “good”college begins as early as preschool, and even fouryearolds
2. are required(require) to read and memorize new words every day. So outdoor time for children
3. is being (bee) less and less now. This has caused many problems, such as an increase in obesity (肥胖) and
depression (抑郁) among children.
More and more parents 4. have realized (realize) the importance of outdoor play. In the past few years, we have seen an increasing interest in forest schools. The number of forest schools in the U. S. has jumped from 20 in 2008 to 250. Unlike children in traditional schools, forest school kids spend their day studying ant hills or even 5. climbing (climb) tall trees. There are no direct instructions.
So are forest schools really better for today’s children than traditional preschools? The answer 6. depends(depend) largely on whom you ask. Personally, I prefer forest schools. Since he started to attend forest school, my son has been more active and brighter with improved problemsolving skills. He has learned how to deal with small dangers and how 7. to protect(protect) the environment. Most importantly, my son is excited to go to school every day.
Do you spend most of your time studying indoors? Remember to sometimes “hug”nature. It is good for you!。