人教版英语必修一Unit5词汇

【拓展】
out of breath out of use out of order out of control out of danger out of sight out of date 上气不接下气 没用了 出故障了 失控了 脱离危险了 看不见了 过时
• vote • （1） 投票；表决 • Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%. • （2） n. [C] 投票，表决 • The result of the vote were surprising. • 拓展： • vote to do sth 投票做某事 • vote for sb 投票支持某人 • vote against sb 投票反对
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（3）adj. 熟练的；出色的 搭配： be no mean 了不起，很出色 He is a mean tennis player. His mother was a painter, and he is no mean artist himself. （4） vt. 意思是；意味着；表示……意思 搭配： mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着；意思是 But I didn’t mean to hurt you. Missing the bus means walking home.
Unit 5 Words
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quality n. （1） [U,C]质，质量，品质 Quality is more important that quantity. （2）[C]性质，特性，特点 One quality of wood is that it can burn. （3）[C]品德，品性 You need some special personal qualities to work as a nurse.
【辨析】
• guidance n [U] 指导；领导；引导 • 搭配： under one’s guidance 在某人的 指导/领导下 • guidance on sth 对某事的指导 • You should do it under his guidance. • That’s guidance for teachers on how to use video in class. • 拓展： with/under one’s guidance = with/under the guidance of sb = under one’s direction 在某人的指导下
• active adj. • （1） 积极的 • 搭配： be active in sth 在……方面积极 地 • take an active part in sth 积极参与某事 • They were both politically active. • （2）（尤指体力上）忙碌的，活跃的 • She is very active in the local business circle. • （3）（思想上）充满活力的，活跃的 • That child has a very active imagination.
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generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的 搭配：be generous with 在某方面慷慨 be generous in doing sth 乐于做某事 It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both. • （2）宽宏大量的，宽厚的，仁慈的 • She has a generous mind/spirit. • 注意：generous和其他修饰人的形容词 clever, stupid, smart, kind等一样，常与 of 一起构成不定式复合结构： It’s + adj. + of sb + to do sth.
• out of work 失业 = out of employment • Now that she is out of work, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasn’t decided. • 拓展： in work 有工作 • go to work 去上班 • lose one’s job 失去工作（表动作） • He has been out of work for half a year. • I lost my job last year.
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equal adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的； Two plus two is equal to four. He is equal to (taking) the task. In the sight of God, the rich are equal with the poor. 【搭配】 be equal to sth 与……相等 be equal to (doing) sth 胜任某事 be equal with/to 与……平等
• 注意：在devote…to…和 be devoted to… 中的to均为介词，其后接名词，代词和动 名词等做宾语。 • devoted adj. 忠实的，深爱的，是形容词， 可用作定语或表语，可以构成短语be devoted to，该结构可以在句中做状语， 如： Devoted to his research, he didn’t notice the teacher entered the room.
• principle n. [C] 法则；原则；原理 • Discussing all these details will get us nowhere, we must get back to first principles. • 注意： principle的复数形式表示“道德原 则”“行为准则”或“规范”。 • I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my principles. • 拓展： in principle 原则上，理论上；大体 上，基本上 on principle 根据原则 • first principles 基本原则
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beg vi. (begged, begged, begging) （1） 恳求，乞求 搭配： beg (sb) for sth （向某人）乞求 beg sth of/from sb 向某人乞求（恳求） beg (sb) to do sth 恳求（某人）做某事 The old man begged from door to door for food. • He begged me not to ask his parents to come. • beggar n. 乞丐；穷人
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meane mean with/about sth 对于……吝啬的 She is always mean with/about money. （2）adj. （人或其行为）卑鄙的，刻薄的 搭配： be mean to sb/sth 对某人/某物刻 薄的 • Don’t be so mean to your classmates. • It is mean of you to tease him.
• devote vt. 献身，致力，专心 • 搭配： devote oneself to 献身于 • devote one’s life/time to sb/sth 把生命/ 时间献给…… • devote one’s energy to 奉献精力于 • devote sth to sth 把……用于…… • She devoted herself to her career and never married all her life. • He devoted his life to promoting world peace.
• come to/into power 当权；上台 • be in power 当权；执政 • He came to power in 1958. • The young king had been in power for five years. • come to/into power 为终止性短语，不可 与时间段连用；与其对应的延续性短语为 be in power.
• escape v. 逃脱；逃走；避开 • Her name escapes me. A lion has escaped from its cage. He escaped punishment/ being punished. • 搭配： escape sth 避开某事 • escape from 从……逃离 • escape doing sth 避免做某事
• reward n. [C,U] 报答，报酬，酬谢，奖赏 vt. 酬谢，报答 • You deserved reward for being so helpful. • The rewarded the winner with flowers and money.
• 搭配： reward sb with sth 用某物酬谢某人 reward sb for sth/doing sth 为（做）某事 而酬谢某人 • in reward / return 作为回报
• as a matter of fact • （1）事实上；其实；说真的 • It’s a nice place. We’ve stayed there ourselves, as a matter of fact. • （2）（表示不同意）事实上，其实 • He doesn’t mind. As a matter of fact, he’s pleased. • 【近义短语】 • in fact / in reality / in truth / in practice / actually
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in trouble 处于困境或险境 He’s in trouble with the police. We should lend a hand to those in trouble. 【拓展】 get into trouble 陷入困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境 be in trouble with 有问题（麻烦） have trouble (in) doing 做某事有麻烦
turn to 向某人求助；致力于；转身 • If you have any question, turn to me for help. • turn away 把…打发走；解雇 • turn back 折回，往回走 • turn up 开大，调高；出现 • turn down 降低，调低; 拒绝 • turn on 打开，开启 • turn off 关闭，停止 • turn in 交还；上交 • turn out 关上，关掉， 结果是 • turn over 翻转
• 注意： • （1）quality作“品性”讲时，经常指一个人性 格（character）中美好的部分。 • （2）表示某物“具有……的质量”时用介词of. • Eg: This new model is of high quality and is not expensive. 拓展：be of good/bad quality 好的/坏质量 • be of poor/high quality 劣等的，优质的