(全)新概念英语 第一册(Lesson 15)学习笔记

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新概念英语第一册(Lesson 15)学习笔记
一.课文内容及译文
Lesson 15 Your passports, please.
请出示你们的护照。

CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you Swedish?
GIRLS: No, we are not. We are Danish.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends Danish, too?
GIRLS: No, they aren't. They are Norwegian.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Your passports, please.
GIRLS: Here they are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are these your cases?
GIRLS: No, they aren't.
GIRLS: Our cases are brown. Here they are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you tourists?
GIRLS: Yes, we are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends tourists too? GIRLS: Yes, they are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: That's fine.
GIRLS: Thank you very much.
参考译文
海关官员:你们是瑞典人吗?
姑娘们:不,我们不是瑞典人。

我们是丹麦人。

海关官员:你们的朋友也是丹麦人吗?
姑娘们:不,他们不是丹麦人。

他们是挪威人。

海关官员:请出示们的护照。

姑娘们:给您。

海关官员:这些是你们的箱子吗?
姑娘们:不,不是。

姑娘们:我们的箱子是棕色的。

在这儿呢。

海关官员:你们是来旅游的吗?
姑娘们:是的,我们是来旅游的。

海关官员:你们的朋友也是来旅游的吗?姑娘们:是的,他们也是。

海关官员:好了。

姑娘们:非常感谢。

二.单词及短语
customs n. 海关
officer n. 官员
girl n. 女孩,姑娘
Danish adj.& n. 丹麦人
friend n. 朋友
Norwegian adj.& n. 挪威人passport n. 护照
brown adj. 棕色的
tourist n. 旅游者
三.课文解析
1.Are you Swedish?
一般疑问句,倒装形式,be动词提前,声调朗读。

陈述句为:You are Swedish.
2.We are Danish
引申:Denmark 丹麦国
3.No ,we are not.
No,we are not=No,we aren't 类似的还有后面的No ,they are not=No,they aren't
4.They are Norwegian
引申为:Norway 挪威国
5.Your passports,please.
例如:
Your ID card,please.
Your boarding card,please.
6.Are there your cases?
单数是this 这是,复数是these 这些,cases 是case的复数形式
7.Here they are.
这里可以有两种解释:(1)他们到了(2)表示将要物品传递、展示给他人:他们在这里。

例如:Here it is / Here we are
8.That's fine.
意思上和It's ok 相近,表示“好了,没有关系了。


四.语法要点
1.be 动词一般现在时
(1)按照人称变化而变化
be 动词可以翻译成中文的“是”后面接表语、形容词、名词,表示“什么是什么。


例如:
I'm Dennis ./I'm not Dennis.
I'm Chinese.
I'm from China.
(2)人称代词与对应的be 动词形式
I am =I'm 我是
you are=you're 你是
he is=he's 他是
she is =she's 她是
it is =it's 它是
we are =we're 我们是
you are =you're 你们是
they are =they're 他们是
2.可数名词可以分为单数形式和复数形式
单数形式:a book an apple
复数形式:some books 5 apples
(1).在单词词尾直接加s
An officer 2 officers
(2)以“s,x,sh,ch”结尾的单数名词变复数时,词尾加es bus→buses dress →dresses
box →boxes
fox church watch match
(3)以元音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾直接加s
boy →boys toy →toys
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,名词变复数时,变y为i+es
Fly →flies baby →babies
country →countries
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词单数变复数时,变f或fe为v加es
wife →wives knife →knives
(6)以o结尾的单数名词变复数有两种形式,其一是直接在词尾加s,另一种是在词尾加es
加es的口诀:
黑人英雄在土豆地里吃西红柿和芒果
negro →negroes hero →heroes
potato →potatoes tomato →tomatoes
mango→mangoes
(7)不规则变化
man →men woman →women
sheep →sheep child →children
goose →geese tooth →teeth
foot →feet
附赠-although不能与but连用
大家知道,英语不能将汉语“虽然……但是……”直译成although / though…but,为什么呢?许多书都认为:这是英语的习惯用法。

仅仅是因为习惯用法吗?这得从英语的句子类型说起。

英语中的although / though 为从属连词,用于引导让步状语从句;而but(但是)为并列连词,用以连接两个句子使之成为并列句。

假若在同一句中既用了从属连词although / though,又用了并列连词but,便使得句子一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致句子句型混乱。

正确的做法是,任意去掉although / though 和but 中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。

如:
▲虽然他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩儿而已,但赢得了头奖。

误:Although he had only entered the contest for fun, but he won first prize.
正:Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 正:He had only entered the contest for fun, but he won first prize.
▲虽然她没提到我的名字,但我明白她的话是为我好。

误:Although she didn’t mention me by name, but I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.
正:Although she didn’t mention me by name, I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.
正:She didn’t mention me by name, but I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.
但是,我们是不是可以说although 永远不能与but连用呢?那也不一定。

◎请看一例:
But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事,尽管后来我还是知道了。

此句既用了并列连词but,又用了从属连词although,但它并未造成错误,原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同,即此句but 用于although 之前,but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用,but 后的I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later 仍为一个复合句。

◎请再看一例:
I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账,但尽管我懂点数学,仍感到很困难。

此句将but 与although 用在一起,但此句也没有错误。

该句从总体来看,它是一个以并列连词but 连接的并列句,而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句although I knew some maths 的复合句——这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。

此句也可改写为:I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.
至此,同学们应该弄清了为什么不能说although…but…,同时也明白了为什么可以说but although…。

最后顺便说一句,英语习惯上不能将汉语中的“因为……所以……”直译为because…so…,其原因可参照以上解释。

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