英汉口译 教程 the introduction of Oral interpreting2015
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社. • 梅德明, 2006. 高级口译教程. 上海外语教育出版社. • Jones, R. 2008. 会议口译解析.上海外语教育出版社.
The definitions of Oral Interpreting
• An extempore (即席[eksˈtempəri])oral reproduction in one language, of what is said in another language. (钟述孔)
Interpreter Training Model
A(D+CC)
S+P
I
C(SL+K)
R(TL+K)
• I = Interpreting
• A (D+CC) = Analysis in discourse + Cross-cultural communication，对语篇与跨文化交际成分的分析
3. Differences between Oral Interpreting & Written Translation
• 1. Input • 2. process of transfer • 3. output • 4. criteria
Input: Source Text (原文)
• Written translation: well-written texts • Oral interpretation: spoken information which
• 2.2 by contents
• a. 导游口译（ guide interpreting） • b. 礼仪口译 （ceremony interpreting） • c. 宣传口译（information interpreting） • d. 会议口译（conference interpreting） • e. 谈判口译（negotiation interpreting ）
5. Requirements for Oral Interpreters
• A. Encyclopedic knowledge( know something about everything: a Jack-of-all- trades )
• B. A strong sense of responsibility • C. Linguistic proficiency • D. Mastery of interpretation techniques
• C (SL+K) = Comprehension in source language + knowledge， 对源语及源语外知识的理解
• R（TL+K）= Reconstruction in target language +knowledge， 对源语的知识与语言进行理解，用口译技巧重组
• S+P = Skills + Professional standard，应用的口译技巧与口译 职业准则
It is defined as "oral translation of a written text" (Shuttleworth & Cowie: 1997:83).
口译是指“对口头表达的信息及文本进行的 口头翻译”(Shuttleworth & Cowie, 1997:82)
Interpreting is a service activity with a communication function. (Gile) It is usually a face-to-face communicative act.
Output: Product
• Written Translation: the final product is another written text, with standardized sentence structure, and dainty expressions.
• Oral interpreting: the result is a speech. An interpreter has no chance to correct himself.
• 4.2 • Spoken information
Comprehension and notes
• Transfer of language codes • Target language 译文
Characteristics of Oral Interpreting
• Inscrutability不可预测性 • Great pressure • Self-responsibility • Combined and comprehensive use of
Brief History of Interpreting
• As an internationally recognized profession, 1. CI: during the First World War. 2. SI: during the Nurembery trials of the Nazi war criminals
• C: comprehension • KL: knowledge of the language • ELK: Extra-linguistic knowledge • A: analysis • =: not “equality”, but the result • +: addition by interaction
目前国内主要的口译证书
１、上海市英语中高级口译岗位资格证书 （上海市教委、上海市成人教育委员会、上海市委组织
部、上海市人事局） •２、全国外语翻译证书 （教育部考试中心＋北外；笔译初、中、高；口译初、中、高） •３、翻译专业资格（水平）证书 （资深翻译、一级、二级、三级／笔译口译） •４、上海外国语大学商务口译证书 （国内获得国际承认的唯一 口译证书）（陪同口译、商务口译、会议口译）
disappears quickly, with repetition and redundancies (累赘)
Process of Transfer
• Written Translation: There is time to consult dictionaries, reference books and even experts, there is also time to polish the version. No notes are necessary
Simultaneous Interpreting
• If he is instructed to interpret while the original speech is being made then he will be doing ‘Simultaneous Interpreting’.
• Oral interpreting: There is time to do the above-mentioned only in advance, not in interpretation. (unexpected situations may appear in the interpretation). Memory and notes are very important
• 2.3 By Ways one-way interpreting two-ways interpreting(bilateral or liaison)
Consecutive Interpreting
• The interpreter is under the instructions “to interpret between chunks of the original speech (immediately after the original speaker has completed a few sentences or in most cases, a fairly long paragraph), he is doing ‘consecutive interpreting’.”
口译初中高3翻译专业资格水平证书资深翻译一级二级三级笔译口译4上海外国语大学商务口译证书国内获得国际承认的唯一口译证书陪同口译商务口译会议口译全国翻译专业资格水平考试chinaaccreditationtestinterpreterscatti三级非外语专业本科毕业通过大学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水平并具备一定的口笔译实践经验
Criteria
• Written Translation: accuracy, smoothness and elegance(信.达.雅)
• Oral interpreting: accuracy, smoothness and promptness(准确,流畅,迅速)
4. Process of Oral Interpreting
• An oral transmission of messages from one language into their equivalents in another, for the purpose of achieving extempore understanding between communicators.(胡更 申)
language • Boundless information coverage
• 1、 不可预测性、即席性（记者招待会、商务谈判、突发 事件 …..）
•
2、现场气氛带来的压力 （心理压力、紧张、临时失
忆等）
•
3、 单打独斗（个体性操作）、译责重大（劳动强度
大、无依无 靠）
•
4、语言能力的综合运用 （视、听、说、读、写、译）
• (The interpreter renders by means of earphones and microphones the words of the original speaker at virtually the same time as they are uttered.)
• Compared with the two said interpreting, Consecutive Interpreting is more convenient, economical and widely-used while Simultaneous Interpreting is more often used for some formal, big, international conferences which usually need a set of equipment to do the jobs.
• 4.1 • Consecutive interpreting can be broken down into 3 phases: • Active listening • Memorizing the cognitive content • Re-expression • or • Listening and Understanding • Assimilation • Reformulation
2. The types of Oral Interpreting
• 2.1 By forms • consecutive interpreting (交替传译) • simultaneous interpreting (同声传译) • whispering interpreting (耳语传译) • sight interpreting (视阅传译)
•5、内Βιβλιοθήκη 包罗万象（跨学科、跨专业、 一专多能、百
科全书、杂家）
Linguistic Theories of Oral Interpreting
• C=KL+ELK+A (Daniel Gile: Basic concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training)
英汉口译 English and Chinese Interpreting
Add Subtitles here
Books to Read
• 冯建忠, 2005. 实用英语口译教程. 译林出版社. • 厦门大学外文系, 2003. 新编英语口译教程. 上海外
语教育出版社. • 雷天放&陈菁, 2006. 口译教程. 上海外语教育出版
The definitions of Oral Interpreting
• An extempore (即席[eksˈtempəri])oral reproduction in one language, of what is said in another language. (钟述孔)
Interpreter Training Model
A(D+CC)
S+P
I
C(SL+K)
R(TL+K)
• I = Interpreting
• A (D+CC) = Analysis in discourse + Cross-cultural communication，对语篇与跨文化交际成分的分析
3. Differences between Oral Interpreting & Written Translation
• 1. Input • 2. process of transfer • 3. output • 4. criteria
Input: Source Text (原文)
• Written translation: well-written texts • Oral interpretation: spoken information which
• 2.2 by contents
• a. 导游口译（ guide interpreting） • b. 礼仪口译 （ceremony interpreting） • c. 宣传口译（information interpreting） • d. 会议口译（conference interpreting） • e. 谈判口译（negotiation interpreting ）
5. Requirements for Oral Interpreters
• A. Encyclopedic knowledge( know something about everything: a Jack-of-all- trades )
• B. A strong sense of responsibility • C. Linguistic proficiency • D. Mastery of interpretation techniques
• C (SL+K) = Comprehension in source language + knowledge， 对源语及源语外知识的理解
• R（TL+K）= Reconstruction in target language +knowledge， 对源语的知识与语言进行理解，用口译技巧重组
• S+P = Skills + Professional standard，应用的口译技巧与口译 职业准则
It is defined as "oral translation of a written text" (Shuttleworth & Cowie: 1997:83).
口译是指“对口头表达的信息及文本进行的 口头翻译”(Shuttleworth & Cowie, 1997:82)
Interpreting is a service activity with a communication function. (Gile) It is usually a face-to-face communicative act.
Output: Product
• Written Translation: the final product is another written text, with standardized sentence structure, and dainty expressions.
• Oral interpreting: the result is a speech. An interpreter has no chance to correct himself.
• 4.2 • Spoken information
Comprehension and notes
• Transfer of language codes • Target language 译文
Characteristics of Oral Interpreting
• Inscrutability不可预测性 • Great pressure • Self-responsibility • Combined and comprehensive use of
Brief History of Interpreting
• As an internationally recognized profession, 1. CI: during the First World War. 2. SI: during the Nurembery trials of the Nazi war criminals
• C: comprehension • KL: knowledge of the language • ELK: Extra-linguistic knowledge • A: analysis • =: not “equality”, but the result • +: addition by interaction
目前国内主要的口译证书
１、上海市英语中高级口译岗位资格证书 （上海市教委、上海市成人教育委员会、上海市委组织
部、上海市人事局） •２、全国外语翻译证书 （教育部考试中心＋北外；笔译初、中、高；口译初、中、高） •３、翻译专业资格（水平）证书 （资深翻译、一级、二级、三级／笔译口译） •４、上海外国语大学商务口译证书 （国内获得国际承认的唯一 口译证书）（陪同口译、商务口译、会议口译）
disappears quickly, with repetition and redundancies (累赘)
Process of Transfer
• Written Translation: There is time to consult dictionaries, reference books and even experts, there is also time to polish the version. No notes are necessary
Simultaneous Interpreting
• If he is instructed to interpret while the original speech is being made then he will be doing ‘Simultaneous Interpreting’.
• Oral interpreting: There is time to do the above-mentioned only in advance, not in interpretation. (unexpected situations may appear in the interpretation). Memory and notes are very important
• 2.3 By Ways one-way interpreting two-ways interpreting(bilateral or liaison)
Consecutive Interpreting
• The interpreter is under the instructions “to interpret between chunks of the original speech (immediately after the original speaker has completed a few sentences or in most cases, a fairly long paragraph), he is doing ‘consecutive interpreting’.”
口译初中高3翻译专业资格水平证书资深翻译一级二级三级笔译口译4上海外国语大学商务口译证书国内获得国际承认的唯一口译证书陪同口译商务口译会议口译全国翻译专业资格水平考试chinaaccreditationtestinterpreterscatti三级非外语专业本科毕业通过大学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水平并具备一定的口笔译实践经验
Criteria
• Written Translation: accuracy, smoothness and elegance(信.达.雅)
• Oral interpreting: accuracy, smoothness and promptness(准确,流畅,迅速)
4. Process of Oral Interpreting
• An oral transmission of messages from one language into their equivalents in another, for the purpose of achieving extempore understanding between communicators.(胡更 申)
language • Boundless information coverage
• 1、 不可预测性、即席性（记者招待会、商务谈判、突发 事件 …..）
•
2、现场气氛带来的压力 （心理压力、紧张、临时失
忆等）
•
3、 单打独斗（个体性操作）、译责重大（劳动强度
大、无依无 靠）
•
4、语言能力的综合运用 （视、听、说、读、写、译）
• (The interpreter renders by means of earphones and microphones the words of the original speaker at virtually the same time as they are uttered.)
• Compared with the two said interpreting, Consecutive Interpreting is more convenient, economical and widely-used while Simultaneous Interpreting is more often used for some formal, big, international conferences which usually need a set of equipment to do the jobs.
• 4.1 • Consecutive interpreting can be broken down into 3 phases: • Active listening • Memorizing the cognitive content • Re-expression • or • Listening and Understanding • Assimilation • Reformulation
2. The types of Oral Interpreting
• 2.1 By forms • consecutive interpreting (交替传译) • simultaneous interpreting (同声传译) • whispering interpreting (耳语传译) • sight interpreting (视阅传译)
•5、内Βιβλιοθήκη 包罗万象（跨学科、跨专业、 一专多能、百
科全书、杂家）
Linguistic Theories of Oral Interpreting
• C=KL+ELK+A (Daniel Gile: Basic concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training)
英汉口译 English and Chinese Interpreting
Add Subtitles here
Books to Read
• 冯建忠, 2005. 实用英语口译教程. 译林出版社. • 厦门大学外文系, 2003. 新编英语口译教程. 上海外
语教育出版社. • 雷天放&陈菁, 2006. 口译教程. 上海外语教育出版