巧记_动词不定式和动名词做宾语

巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。

其中，动词的用法是重点，也是难点。

对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法，学生普遍感到困难。

学生感到50多个动词，用法难以掌握，但调整了书上表格中单词的排列顺序，根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆：
（一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)
假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)
设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)
选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)
不定式宾语要牢记！
（二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise）
避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend）
面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind)
允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon)
推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy）
还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！
瞧！，我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧！
（三）在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean 等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法：
remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做）
remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事）
try to do something努力、尽力做某事
try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果）
stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事）
stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事）
regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜
regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔
mean to do something打算,想，意图…
mean doing something意味着
want/require/need to be done某事需要做
want/require/need doing某事需要做(这时动名词和主语之间有动宾关系，如: The room needs cleaning/needs to be cleaned)
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
（四）请牢记在下列固定句式中，动词用V-ing式：
There is no point arguing further.再争辩下去没有意义。

It is no good doing that.那样做没有用。

It is no use telling his father about it. 告诉他父亲那件事没用。

[小试牛刀]
1. The boy decided ______in Shanghai, which made his father a little surprised.
A. not to work
B. to not work
C. not working
D.working not
2.—Would you mind ______ the door? —Of course not.
A. I opening
B. me to open
C. for me to open
D. my opening
3. As you know, here, missing a bus means ______ for another hour.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
4. She ______ going out for a walk, but I’d rather stay at home watchin g TV.
A. wanted
B. asked
C. hoped
D. suggested
5. Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.
A. smoking
B. having smoked
C. to smoke
D. to be smoked
6. In winter, many animals manage ______ without eating for many months.
A. to live
B. to have lived
C. having lived
D. living
7. My father insisted _____ although we were very tired.
A. walk home
B. to walk home
C. on walking home
D. in walking home
8．After he had worked several hours, he stopped _____ a cup of coffee to refresh himself．A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drank
9．Although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn’t like _____ today．
A．to swim B．swimming C．swim D．to have swim
10．I regret _____ you that the sports meet has been put off．
A．telling B．to tell C．tell D．told
11．She desires not _____ for an hour．
A．disturb B．to be disturb C．to be disturbed D．to have disturbed
(五)、不定式省略to的几种情况
一、使役动词与to的省略
当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。

如：Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。

She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。

They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。

但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。

如：
他被迫一天工作20小时。

误：He was made work twenty hours a day.
正：He was made to work twenty hours a day.
注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。

另外注意，force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。

如：
They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。

The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。

二、感觉动词与to的省略
当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。

如：
We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。

I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。

Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?
I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。

但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时，则不能省略to。

如：
They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。

注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。

如：
They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。

另外，若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式，则通常应带to。

如：
I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她来得很早。

三、介词except / but与to的省略
当不定式用作介词except或except的宾语时，该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，情形比较复杂，大致原则是：其前有do，不定式不带to；其前没有do，不定式通常带to。

如：He likes nothing except to watch TV.除了看电视外，他什么都不喜欢。

It had no effect except to make him angry.除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。

There’s little we can do except wait.除了等待我们没有什么办法。

I could do nothing except agree.我除了同意，没有别的办法。

四、help与to的省略
当动词help后跟一个不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to，也可以不带to。

如：Can you help (to) carry this table upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
I have lost my watch. Will you help me (to) look for it?我把表丢了，你能不能帮我找一下?
但是，当help用于被动语态时，其后不定式必须带to。

如：
Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flying.米利被帮助克服了她的飞行恐惧。

另外，当不定式为否定式时，其中的to通常不宜省略。

如：
How can I help my children not to worry about their exams?我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢?
五、固定搭配与to的省略
1、Why not...? = Why don't you...? 习惯上接动词原形，不能接带to不定式或现在分词，
主要用于表示同意、赞成、劝诱等，其意为“为什么不……呢”。

如：
Why not go with him? = Why don't you go with him? 为什么不和他一起去呢？
2、had better...，最好做某事，如：
You had better stay here. 你最好呆在这里。

3、“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁愿做某事”。

如：
We’d rather stay at home.我们宁愿呆在家里。

I would rather not tell him.我宁愿不告诉他。

4、prefer+不定式+rather than+动词原形，其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。

如：
I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我宁愿走着去，而不愿坐公共汽车去。

He prefers to read rather than watch television.他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。

但，prefer+动名词+to+动名词，其意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做另一事”。

如：
He prefers swimming to riding as a sport.作为一项运动项目，他更喜欢游泳而不是骑马。

注：这类结构的prefer前有时也可用would, should等。

如：
We would prefer playing outdoors to watching television.我们宁愿在外面玩而不愿看电视。

习惯上只接动名词（V+ING）作宾语的动词常用动词有：admit承认、advise建议、allow允许、appreciate感激、avoid避免、consider 考虑delay推迟、deny否认、discuss讨论、dislike不喜欢、enjoy喜爱、escape逃脱、excuse 原谅、fancy设想、finish完成、forbid禁止、forgive原谅、give up放弃、imagine想像、keep保持、mention提及、mind介意、miss没赶上、pardon原谅、permit 允许、practise练习、prevent阻止、prohibit禁止、put off推迟、report 报告、risk冒险、stop停止、suggest建议、understand理解等，这些动词后面常接动名词作宾语。

另在一些固定搭配中也常接动名词作宾语。

如：
1、insist on doing坚持要做某事。

如：
He insisted on doing it by himself. 他坚持要一个人做。

2、have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth. 相当，意为“在做某事方面有困难、麻烦”。

如：She has difficulty/trouble (in) learning maths well. 她学好数学有困难。

3、be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事。

如：
They are busy (in) doing with the trouble. 他们正在忙于处理那个问题。

【典型用法实例】
I advise waiting a few more days.我建议再等几天。

They avoided mentioning that name.他们避免提到那个名字。

He denied having been there.他否认到过那里。

He disliked being laughed at.他不喜欢别人笑他。

I’ve enjoyed seeing you and talking about old times.我见到你一起谈往事非常高兴。

We don’t allow (permit) smoking on this plane.在这架飞机上我们不允许抽烟。

I admit breaking the window.我承认窗子是我打破的。

Try to imagine being on the moon.设法想像你是在月球上。

He made a New Year’s resolution to give up smoking.他下了新年决心要戒烟。

They risked losing everything.他们冒失去一切的危险。

He tried to escape being punished.他设法逃避惩罚。

You shouldn’t keep thinking about it.你不应老想着这事。

Would you mind going with her?你可否同她一起去?
I can’t understand neglecting children like that.对孩子那样毫不经心，我不能理解。

We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。

I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议以另一种方法做这事。

I put off writing from day to day.我日复一日地推迟写它。

【几点用法说明】
(1) 有的动词后接动名词作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语：
The rain prevented his coming.下雨使他不能来。

Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.原谅我不慎把你的信拆开。

(2) 有的动词(如advise, allow, forbid, permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语：
He advised buying a computer.他建议买台电脑。

He advised her to buy a computer.他建议她买台电脑。

(3) 有些动词(如consider, understand, discuss等)虽不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语：
Have you considered how to get there?你是否考虑过如何到那儿去?
She doesn’t understand how to look after him.她不知道应如何照顾他。

We discussed what to do and where we should go.我们讨论了该怎么办及到哪里去。

习惯上接不定式作宾语的动词
通常只接不定式(而不是动名词)作宾语的动词有：afford负担得起、agree同意、arrange安排、ask要求、care想要、choose决定、decide决定、demand要求、determine决心、expect期待、fail未能、help帮助、hesitate犹豫、hope希望、long渴望、manage设法、offer主动提出、plan计划、prepare准备、pretend假装、promise答应、refuse拒绝、want想要、wish希望等。

如：
I can’t afford to buy a car.我买不起汽车。

She refused to help me.她不肯帮助我。

He agreed to come over right away.他同意马上就来。

He managed to avoid an accident.他设法避免了一次事故。

The boy decided not to become a sailor.那孩子决定将来不当水手。

He chose not to go abroad until later.他决定晚点出国。

He pretended not to know the facts.他佯装不知实情。

v+sb to do sth用法
通常可带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise建议, allow允许, ask要求、叫, bear忍受, beg 请求, cause引起, command命令, encourage鼓励, expect期待, forbid原谅, force强迫, get使, hate讨厌, help帮助, intend打算, invite邀请, leave离开, need需要, oblige逼迫、责成, order 命令, permit准许、允许, persuade说服, prefer宁愿, request要求, remind提醒, teach教, tell 告诉, trouble麻烦, want想要, warn警告, wish希望、hope希望等：
He didn’t allow the students to go th ere.他没让学生们去那儿。

He ordered the work to be started at once.他命令马上开始工作。

He forbade me to use his car.他不准我用他的小车。

The doctor warned him not to smoke.医生告诫他不要抽烟。

My parents encouraged me to study abroad.父母鼓励我出国留学。

I tried to persuade him to leave, but he wouldn’t listen.我想劝他离开，可他不听。

注意：promise sb to do sth
该结构中的不定式的逻辑主语不是其前的宾语sb，而是句子主语，所以严格说来，此句中的不定式不是宾语补足语，如He promised me to go.的意思是“他答应我他去”，而不是“他答应让我去”。

专题练习：
1、The man insisted ________a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A.find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
2、The old man, ________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A.to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
3、My advisor encouraged ________a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A.for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
4、________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
5、Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam.
A.pass
B. to pass
C. passed
D. Passing
6、According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________TV.
A.to watch
B. to watching
C. watching
D. Watch
7、Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.
A. posting
B. to post
C. to be posting
D. have posted
8、Mr Smith dislikes ______ such clothes but his wife likes _____ them.
A. to wear, to wear
B. to wear, wearing
C. wearing, to wear
D. wearing, wear
9.I regret _______what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.
A. to say
B. saying
C. to be saying
D. said
10、He was lucky and narrowly missed _______.
A. to injure
B. Injuring
C. to be injured
D. being injured
11、He can’t make himself _______. His spoken English really needs ________.
A. understand, improving
B. understood, improving
C. understand, to improve
D. understood, to improve
12、We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere ______.
A.to find
B. to have found
C. to be found
D. being found
13、Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.
A.watering
B. to be watering
C. to water
D. being watering
14、I’m learning ______ a cake. Can you explain ______ one?
A.to make, to make
B. how to make, to make
C. to learn, how to make
D. making, making
15、“Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer _____, thank you.”
A. not to
B. to not
C. not
D. can’t。