初中英语语法专项—介词教学教材

初中英语语法专项——介词（Preposition）
介词(prep.)：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。

其后面一般有名词、代词（宾格）或相当于名词的其他词类、短语作它的宾语。

介词与动词、名词、形容词常有比较固定的搭配。

一、介词种类
1. 简单介词：at, in, on, about, off, across, before, after, beside, for , to, of, over, past 等。

2. 复合介词：into, inside, onto, without, outside, because of, in front of, out of, instead of, along with, according to等。

二、用法区别
1. at, on, in
(1) at +钟点
at six o’clock
【固定搭配】at noon / night，at the end of ，at the beginning of，at the age of (2) on +具体某一天及某天的早午晚/星期/一般的节日
on June 2nd, 2007 在2007年6月2日
on Friday on Friday afternoon
on the night of October 22nd
on Teachers’ Day
on Christmas Day / at Christmas
on a rainy day 在雨天
(3) in +月份/季节/年及泛指的早午晚
in 2007
in March, 2007
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in spring/summer/autumn/winter
✎练一练：1—4 ABBB
1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris ___ the morning of July 9.
A. on
B. in
C. at
2. The twins were born ___ a Friday evening.
A. in
B. on
C. at
3. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived ___ 5 o’clock ___ the morning.
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. at; in
4. We finish our lessons ___ 11:30 and then have a rest ___ noon.
A. in; in
B. at; at
C. in; at
2. in, at, on
arrive in +大地方arrive at +小地方
on a farm 在农场
表示“在某地”时，at+小地方，in+大地方，on +门牌/某层楼
on the fifth floor 在第五层楼
at home在家
at the bus stop在汽车站
in China在中国
in the world在世界上
3. in, on, to（表示方位）
in 表示在某一地区之内（属于该范围）。

（包含）
on 表示与某一地区的毗邻关系，互相接壤。

（相切）
to 表示在某一地区之外，不接壤的某方位（不属于该范围）。

（相离）
✎练一练：1—2 BB
1.China lies ___ the east of Asia and ___ the north of Australia.
A. in, on
B. in ,to
C. to, in
2. Mongolia is ___ the north of China.
A. in
B. on
C. to
4. between, among
between 在……之间（两者）between…and…
among 在……之间（三者或以上）
eg. The house stands between two farms. 这座房子位于两个农场之间。

The house stands among farms. 这座房子位于农场之间。

5. in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人（外来物）在树上
on the tree 指果实、树叶等长在树上
eg. The apples are on the apple trees.
The birds are singing in the tree.
6. across, through
across 强调穿过某一个平面/指从一端到另一端(street…)
through 强调穿过某一立体的空间(forest, city…)
eg. We walked through the forest.
I swam across the river. (这里指人从河这边游到对岸。

)
7. over(反义词under), above(反义词below), on(反义词beneath)
over 指在某物体垂直上方，但不与该物体直接接触，其反义词是under。

above指在上方的任意一点，不一定是垂直的正上方，不接触，其反义词是below。

on 表示“在……上面”，且互相接触，其反义词是beneath。

✎练一练：1—3 BAA
1. Look! There is a bridge ___ the river.
A. on
B. over
C. above
2. Can you see the egg ___ the plate?
A. on
B. in
C. over
3. The light ___ us is very bright.
A. over
B. under
C. on
9. in, with, by（表示手段、方式）
in +语言What’s this in English?
in +颜色穿……颜色的衣服in black 穿着黑色的衣服
with 用具体的工具或方法/ 用身体的某一部位或器官
by 使用的方法、手段
eg. We learn English by using it.
May I write with a pencil?
Teachers write on the blackboard with chalk.
10. in front of与in the front of
in front of 在……前面，表示在某一空间外部的前面
in the front of 在……前部，表示在某一空间内部的前面
eg. There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前有一些树。

Don’t sit in the front of the car. 不要坐在小汽车的前部。

11. be made的常见结构
be made in 在某地制造
be made of 由……制成（可以看出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made into 被制成……
be made after 仿照……制成
be made up of 由……制成
12. be used的常见结构
be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth. 被用来做……
be used as 被当作……来用
13. but, except, besides 除……之外
but与except同义，指从整体中排除一部分人或物（不包括宾语后的），表示
排除，但but多用在every, any, no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything, anywhere, nobody等词以后及all, none之后。

besides 除……之外（其他的也；还有），其后的宾语被包括在整体之内。

eg. They are all gone but me. 除我之外，他们都去了。

All the boys went to play football except Jim.
除吉姆以外，所有男孩都去踢足球了。

（吉姆没有去）
Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him.
除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他（即妻子女儿都去看过他）。

三、不需要介词的词
1. home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, here, there
eg. Grandma went upstairs.
Roma went home.
She came inside.
2. 表示时间的介词at, on, in 的省略
在next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前，一般不用at, in, on。

eg. We are going to the park next Sunday.
3.在某些名词词组前，可以省略(也可不省) eg. (on) that day
【课堂练习】：
1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. at; on
D. in; on
2. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
A. since
B. in
C. on
D. by
3. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to
B. to; to
C. to; in
D. in; in
4. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
A. to
B. in
C. about
D. at
5. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.
A. after
B. when
C. if
D. until
6. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.
A. when
B. until
C. after
D. before
7. Look ＿＿＿the map ＿＿＿China ＿＿＿the wall, please.
A after, of, in
B at, of, in
C after, in, on
D at, of, on
8. - Please remember to come to my birthday party.
- I see. I'll come ＿＿＿Saturday evening.
A in
B at
C on
D for
9. They will have a maths test ＿＿＿two days
A for
B at
C in
D after
10. My brother joined the army ＿＿＿
A 1989，March
B in March，1989
C March，1989
D 1989，in March
11.It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿ line
A in
B on
C at
D with
【课后作业】
1.We had our breakfast ＿＿＿a quarter ＿＿＿seven
A /，to
B in，to
C at，to
D on，to
2. It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿line
A in
B on
C at
D with
3. How many English words had you learnt ＿＿＿last term?
A by the end of
B at the end of
C to the end of
D till the end of
4. I was born ＿＿＿the night ＿＿＿September 15，1978
A in，on Bat，on Cat，in Don，of
5. It's a bad manner to laugh ＿＿＿people when they are ＿＿＿trouble
A over，in Bat，in C in，at D at，for
6. The people's Republic of China was founded ＿＿＿1949
A with
B on
C since
D in
7. He arrived _____ Guangzhou ____ noon.
A. in; in
B. to; at
C. in; at
D. at; in
8. They work _____ a small farm _____ a river.
A. on; by
B. at; on
C. by; on
D. in; in。