Unit3Onlinetours知识讲义牛津译林版八年级英语下册

牛津版译林英语8B知识点总结
Unit3 Online tours
【Wele to the unit】
1. I agree.
【知识点一】：agree v.同意
①同意某人的意见agree with + 人
②就某事达成一致意见agree on + 事情
③同意做某事agree to do sth.
④同意… agree + 宾语从句
(1) 反义词disagree
(2) 名词agreement
2. send and receive emails
【知识点一】：send v. 发送；寄出（sent/sent）
寄给某人某物send sb sth = send sth to sb
【知识点二】：receive v.收到，接到
从某人哪里收到某物receive sth. from sb.
区分：receive 客观收到
accept主观接受
Eg. The man received a letter just now.
My aunt gave me a book and I accepted it happily.
(1) I __________ a new bike on my birthday, but I didn't ___________ it．
A. received; receive
B. accepted; receive
C. received; accept
D. accepted; accept
(2) I haven't __________ my penfriend's letter for two weeks.
Maybe he is too busy recently.
A. accepted
B. received
C. written
D. collected
(3) Nowadays _____________(接收) emails is faster and _____________(简单) than before.
3. —What do you usually use your puter for?
—I usually use it to search for information.
【知识点一】: use sth. to do sth. 使用某物做某事
= use sth. for doing sth.
【知识点二】: search /sɜːtʃ/
(1)v. 搜寻，搜索
①search sp. 搜寻某地
搜寻房间search the room
②search sp. for... 在某地搜寻某物
Eg. They are searching the forest for the missing boy.
③search sb. for sth. 搜查；搜身
Eg. The police searched the thief for the lost money.
④search for sth. / sb. 寻找某物/ 某人=look / hunt / seek for
(2) n.搜寻，搜索
in search of... 为了寻找...
Eg. She went into the kitchen in search of something to drink.
(1) — Why did Mike _____ the room?
— I’m not sure. Maybe he wanted to ____ his watch
A. search; find
B. search for; find
C. search; look
D. search for; look for
(2) It took the parents the whole day ___________ the town ___________ the lost baby.
A. searching; for
B. to look; for
C. to search; for
D. finding; out
(3) — Would you please show me your new puter?
— Sorry, my brother __________ (search) for something on it.
【知识点三】: information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ un. 信息
①一条信息a piece of information
②信息时代information age
(1) v. inform 通知
①inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
Eg. The boss informed us of his arrival.
4. —How often do you use your puter for this? —Almost every day.
【知识点一】：how often
(1) how often 表多久一次，问频率
Eg. How often does your brother exercise? Twice a week.
(2) how long 表示多长时间，对一段时间进行提问
Eg. How long did you stay there? A bout three weeks.
(3) how soon 表示多久，对将来的时间进行提问
Eg. How soon will he be back?In a week.
(1)_____________ do you write to your pen friend?Twice a month.
A. How often
B. How soon
C. How long
D. How many times
(2)___________ do you water the plants? Twice a day.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How much
【知识点二】：almost adv. 几乎，差不多
辨析almost 和nearly
(1) almost：在程度上比nearly更强
可与any、nobody、never、nothing、none等否定词连用
(2) nearly：常用在具体数字前面
不可与any、nobody、never、nothing、none等否定词连用可与not构成短语not nearly—远远不如：Nearly everyone knows him.
=Almost everyone knows him.
【Reading】
1 I’m your tour guide.
【知识点一】:guide /ɡaɪd/
(1) cn. 导游，向导
①一位导游a tour guide
②导盲犬guide dog
(2) n. 指南，手册
a Guide to Family Health
(3) v. 领路；指引
带领某人到/穿过guide sb. to/ through
Eg. She guided us through the busy streets to the park.
2. Have you noticed the “Tour” icon at the top of the page? Just click on it, and you can visit Asia, Africa, Europe, America and more in only eight hours!
【知识点一】：notice
(1) v. 注意；注意到
①注意到某人/某事notice sb/sth
②注意到某人做某事notice sb do （强调动作发生的全过程或经常发生）
notice sb doing sth. （强调动作正在发生）
③notice + 从句
(2) un. 注意
注意到… take notice of
Eg. Don't take any notice of what you read in the papers.
(3) cn. 通知，布告，公告牌
Eg. There is a notice on the office door saying “No Smoking”.
(1) Have you noticed a tall boy __________ a basketball ____________ into the building?
A. has; run
B. have; running
C. with; run
D. with; running
(2) When I passed the river, I saw some children ________________ (play) on the sand.
【知识点二】：at the top of 在……顶端
反义短语：at the bottom of 在……底部
Eg. There stands a tall tree at the top of the mountain.
【知识点三】：click vi. 点击
单击某物click on sth.
double left click on左键双击left click on左键单击
3. Wall Street, the worldfamous trade center, is here at the southern end of Manhattan Island. There are many big panies and international banks here.
【知识点一】:worldfamous /wɜ:ld ˈfeɪməs/(adj.) 世界著名的，举世闻名的
①因为...而举世闻名be worldfamous for...
This player was worldfamous for scoring the first goal of the 2010 World Cup.
这位球员因打进了2010世界杯第一个球而举世成名。

②作为...而举世闻名be worldfamous as...
She wants to be worldfamous as a dancer. 她想作为一个舞蹈家而举世闻名。

③对于…来说出名be worldfamous to...
(1) The Leaning Towel of Pisa is a _____________ (举世闻名的) wonder.
(2) The woman is famous ________ a writer ________ her books on Chinese culture.
A. as; for
B. for; as
C. as; by
D. for; for
(3) Being not far ________ the sea, London is famous ________ its fog.
A. from; with
B. from; for
C. away; with
D. away; for
(4) 湖区是英国最著名的自然美景地区之一。

Lake District is one of the most famous places of natural beauty.
【知识点二】:trade /treɪd/
(1) n. 贸易
①贸易中心trade centre
②对外贸易foreign trade
③国际贸易international trade
(2) v. 从事贸易
①与某人从事贸易trade with sb
②以物换物trade sth. for sth
Eg. I refuse to trade with that pany again.
【知识点三】:international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ adj.国际的
(1) 国际形势international situation
(2) 国际学校an international school
补：national adj. 国家的
4. Every year, thousands of people gather here on New Year’s Eve. It’s exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness!
【知识点一】:gather /ˈgæðə(r)/
(1) (vi. & vt.) 聚集，集合
①聚集在...周围gather around
②聚集在一起gather together
Eg. On Christmas Eve, people gather around the tree to open their presents.
(区别) collect (v.) 收集
(2) gathering (n.) 聚集；集会
家庭聚会family gathering
Eg. Chinese people often have family gatherings at Spring Festival.
【知识点二】:huge /hju:dʒ/ (adj.) 巨大的
(比较级) huger (最高级) hugest
客厅比我预期的大。

Eg. The living room is huger than I expected.
5.With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, it’s a good place to relax after a hard day’s work.
【知识点一】：with prep. 有，带有(表伴随)
反义词：without
①with + n + adj
②with + n + 介词短语
(1)像中国一样，英国是一个有着悠久历史的岛屿国家。

__________China, the UK is an island country ______________________________________.
【知识点二】：several
(1) 作限定词，几个，数个，等于a few
几年several years
(2) 作代词，several of… …当中的数几个
Eg. Several of the paintings were bought by a German.
(1) —When ________ the teacher ________ here?
—He has ________ here for several hours.
A. has; been; e
B. did; arrive; got
C. did; e; been
D. has; left; been away from
(2)______________ (几个) college students will visit Africa this summer.
【知识点三】: relax /rɪˈlæks/ v. 放松；休息
三单relaxes 现在分词relaxing 过去式relaxed
放松某人自己relax oneself
(1) relaxing (adj.) 令人放松的
(2) relaxed (adj.) 感到放松的
He felt _______ after listening to the ________ music.
(3) relaxation (n.) 放松
Fishing is his favourite relaxation.
(1) Mom, you look very tired. Please stop _________ (放松) for a while.
(2) It’s really __________ (relax) to have a bath after a hard day’s work.
6. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century. Have you ever heard of the song “Memory”? It es from the famous Broadway musical Cats.
【知识点一】：the early twentieth century 20世纪早期
20世纪晚期the late twentieth century
在…世纪in +the + 序数词+century
【知识点二】：hear of 听说= hear about
收到某人来信hear from sb
【知识点三】:musical /ˈmju:zɪkl/
(1) cn. 音乐剧
Eg.The musical Cats is worldfamous.
(2) adj. 音乐的
①乐器musical instruments /ˈɪnstrəmənts/
②musical films 歌舞片(La La Land爱乐之城)
(3) musician n. 音乐家
7. There’s a “Back” icon at the bottom of the page. Click on it, pick another city and then start your new tour!
【知识点一】:bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ (n.)底，底部
(1) 在……的底部at the bottom of...
反义短语：at the top of
Eg. We can find correct answers at the bottom of page 8.
(2) 从上到下from top to bottom
Eg. You need to clean the house from top to bottom.
(3) 底线bottom line
(1) Can you see the goldfish swimming at the _______________ (底部) of the tank?
【知识点二】:pick /pɪk/ vt. 挑选
为…挑选pick sb/sth for
(1) pick up 捡起；获得；学习；接... (某人)
(2) pick out 挑出，选出
Eg. I'll pick you up at the school gate at five.
8. Have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport?
【知识点一】：dream
(1) v. 做梦；梦见（dreamed/ dreamt，dreamed/ dreamt）
dream of/about + n/ ving 梦想；渴望
(2) cn. 梦；梦想
①实现某人的梦想realize one's dream= one's dream e true
②放弃某人的梦想give up one’s dream
③你做梦in your dreams
(1) He's never dreamt of ___________ (采访) the singer.
(2) 你有没有梦想过和你的家人一起环游世界?
Have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world with your family?
【知识点二】：without prep. 没有
【Integrated skills】
1.Australian seasons are the opposite of ours. Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour? Thanks for your help, Millie. My pleasure.
【知识点一】：opposite
(1) cn. 对立的人或物
与…相反the opposite of ......
Eg. What’s the opposite of heavy?
(2) adj. be opposite to 在……的对面
Eg. The library is on the opposite side of the road.
(3) prep. opposite = be opposite to 与…相反
Eg. The house is opposite (prep.) mine.= The house is opposite(adj.) to me.
(4) adv. 在对面
Eg. There’s a married couple living opposite.
(1) “Useless” is the _______________ (对立的物) of “Useful”.
(2) Mr. Green is my neighbour. His house is _____________ (在……对面) mine.
(3) 电影中所发生的事往往和现实生活中的是相反的。

What happens in the film ______________________________________ in the real life.
【知识点二】: mind /maɪnd/
(1) vi. & vt. 介意
①介意做某事mind _______ sth.
②介意某人做某事mind sb. / sb.’s doing sth.
③Would/Do you mind doing sth? 表示委婉请求
Would you mind showing my/me the way to the airport？
④Would you mind one’s doing sth? 询问对方是否介意自己或别人做某事。

Do you mind if we attends the meeting?= Do you mind his/him attending the meeting?
④Would/ Do you mind…? 回答
介意：You’d better not ./Certainly./Of course./I’m sorry, but....../I’m afraid...
不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.
(2) n. 理智，头脑
记住某事keep sth. in mind
(3) 词组拓展：
1. 不要紧never mind
2.下定决心去做某事make up one’s mind(s) to do sth. = decide to do sth
3. 改变某人的注意change one’s mind
4. 心不在焉；失控out of mind
眼不见,心不烦。

Out of sight, out of mind.
(1) I am sorry, I am late.
_ __________, we have a few minutes left.
A. Never mind
B. You don’t sorry
C. You shouldn’t sorry
D. Not sorry
(2) Do you mind my taking this seat?
___________.
A. Yes, sit down please.
B. No, of course not.
C. Yes, take it please.
D. No, you can’t take it.
(3) Do you mind ___________?
Go ahead.
A. closing the window
B. your closing the window
C. my closing the window
D.I closing the window
(4) Do you mind me smoking here?
___________. Look at the sign. It says, “No Smoking.”
A. It doesn’t matter
B. No, I don’t
C. You’d better not
D. Never mind
(5) Would you mind me ___________?
___________. Do it as you like, please.
A.to play the piano; Good idea
B. playing the piano; Of course not
C. playing the piano; Of course
D. play the piano; All right
(6) It's too hot. Would you mind my ___________ the window?
【知识点三】：pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 高兴，乐意
①My pleasure. = It’s my pleasure. / You’re wele不客气。

（回答道谢）
②With pleasure. = Sure. / Of course. 乐意效劳。

（回答求助）
Eg. Thanks for helping me. My pleasure.
Eg. Could you post the letter for me ? With pleasure.
(1) Could you took after my daughter for me while I’m away? ___________.
A. Yes, here you are
B. You’re wele
C. Yes, please
D. With pleasure
(2) Thank you for helping me with the heavy desk. ___________.
A. It’s my pleasure
B. I’m pleased
C. No, thank you
D. No problem
(3) So kind of you to give me so much useful advice. ____________.
A. My pleasure.
B. Never mind.
C. It doesn't matter.
D. Thank you.
(4) Excuse me, could you help me carry the heavy box? ____________.
A. Yes, I could
B. It doesn’t matter
C. With pleasure
D. My pleasure
(5) It's been such a wonderful evening with you! Thank you very much! ____________.
A. Glad to hear that.
B. My pleasure!
C. It's nothing.
D. No thanks.
(6) I am here on____________ (busy), not for ____________ (please).
2. Click on the “print” icon when you want to print.
【知识点一】: print /prɪnt/
(1) vi. & vt. 打印；印刷
(2) cn. 印痕，痕迹
足迹footprint 指纹fingerprint
The police are trying to find out the fingerprints of the murderer (凶手).
(3) n. 打印机printer
【Task】
1. Kings and queens were once its rulers. There are many palaces and castles in this old European country.
【知识点一】：ruler /ˈru:lə(r)/ (n.) 统治者；管理者；尺子
①rule (cn.) 规则
交通/班级规则traffic / class rules
遵守规则follow the rule
违反规则break the rule = be against the rule
Eg. We need to follow the class rules in the class.
②rule (v.) 统治
Eighty million years ago, dinosaurs _______ (rule) the earth.
= Eighty million years ago, dinosaurs were the ________ (rule) of the earth.
【知识点二】：
①Asia n.亚洲Asian n. 亚洲人adj. 亚洲（人）的
e.g. He is from Asia. He is Asian. China is an Asian country.
②Africa n. 非洲African n. 非洲人adj. 非洲（人）的
③Europe n. 欧洲European n.欧洲人adj.欧洲（人）的
a European country an old European country (a/an)
④America n. 美洲American n. 美国人adj. 美国（人）的
the USA→ the United States of America
⑤Australia 澳大利亚Australian 澳大利亚人(的), 澳大利亚的
⑥Germany 德国German 德国人(的), 德国的(复数Germans)
⑦France 法国French 法国人(的), 法国的法国人Frenchman (复数Frenchmen)
⑧Canada 加拿大Canadian 加拿大人(的), 加拿大的
(1) England, France and Russia are ____________ (Europe) countries.
(2) Have you ever been to ____________ (欧洲) before?
(3) Do you know ______________ (澳大利亚人) favourite food?
(4) The cooking books belong to the two _____________ (德国人).
2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, also called the UK, is an island country. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. （它由英格兰，苏格兰，苏格拉，威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。

）
【知识点一】：make up
①组成be made up of…由……组成
补：be made of… 由……制成（看得见原材料）
be made from …由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made in +地点/时间在某地制造
be made with +工具用…制作
be made by 由谁制作
1. The machine ________ Germany sell well and work well.
A. is made in
B. made in
C. is made of
D. made of
2. Desks are __________ wood and paper is _________ wood too.
A. made of, made from
B. made from, made of
C. made up of, made of
D. made from, made of
3. The park _____________ a lake, a hill, a tower and some trees and flowers.
A. is made up of
B. is made of D. is made from D. is made by
【答案】BAA
②编造，改编make up a story / a song / a piece of music
③化妆make up one’s face
④弥补... make up for Nothing can make up for the time you waste.
3. The UK also has many places of natural beauty , such as the Lake district. You can see swans and other wild birds on the lakes there.
【知识点一】：natural /ˈnætʃrəl/
(1) adj. 自然的, 天然的
天然气natural gas
自然资源natural resources /rɪˈsɔːsɪz/
反义词：unnatural 不自然的; 反常的
(2) n. 自然；性质nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/
【知识点二】：beauty /ˈbju:tɪ/
(1) un. 美丽自然美natural beauty
(2) cn. 美好的人或东西
美女与野兽Beauty and the Beast
She was a beauty when she was young.
(3) 泛指一类美人或美景：the beauty
【知识点三】：district /ˈdɪstrɪkt/ (n.) 区域，地区，行政区
The Xinbei District is famous for the Dinosaur Park.
单词拓展:
①area (cn.) 地区在贫困地区in poor areas
②region /ˈriːdʒən/ (n.) (通常界限不明的) 地区，区域，地方
沙漠地区the desert regions
③zone / zəʊn/(n.) 地带
地震带an earthquake zone QQ空间QQ zone
4. The weather changes often there. It is sunny one minute, but rainy the next, so prepare for it before you go there.
【知识点一】：preparation /prepə'reɪʃ(ə)n/ (n.) 准备
为……做好准备make preparation for...= prepare for...
你是怎么为考试做准备的？
How do you _______________ the exam ?
= How do you ___________________ the exam ?
5. Moreover, remember that people use pounds there, not RMB or dollars!
【知识点一】：remember v. 记得；记住
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事（事情未作）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（事情已做）
【知识点二】：英镑pound 美元dollar 人民币RMB
金钱做主语，看作主体时用谓语动词用单数，此外还有时间距离重量
【Grammar】
现在完成时VS一般过去时的比较
一、结构
现在完成时(the present perfect) 结构：have/has + done(过去分词)
一般过去时( the simple past ) 结构：谓语用动词的过去式
二、概念
区别一：
①现在完成时是表示动作在过去发生已经结束，但对现在有影响，强调影响。

I have seen this film. I don't want to see it now.
强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了，不想再看了。

②一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
I saw this film yesterday. 强调看的动作发生过了
区别二：
①现在完成时是表示动作在过去发生并且一直持续到现在。

He has lived in China for ten years.他在中国住了十年。

(他十年前开始住在中国，一直持续到现在。

)
②一般过去时是表示动作在过去持续了一段时间，但没有延续到现在。

He lived in China for ten years, but now he lives in the US.
他10年前在中国住过，但是他现在住在美国
(强调十年前在中国住过这一个动作。

)
例题：
1.Tom, Can I borrow your magazine?
Sorry, I _____it to Mary.
A. lent
B. have lent
C. had lent
D. lend
2. I left my pen in the desk and now it's gone, who ______it?
A. took
B. has taken
C. will take
D. had taken
3. My father (work) in a factory for five years. But now he is a teacher.
三、时间状语
(1) 现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。

如:
for, since, already, yet, just, till now, so far =up to now (迄今为止), ever(曾经), never(从未), before(放句末)
(2) 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用,如：
yesterday系列；last 系列；时间段+ago系列；
其他系列：in+过去年份, just now, in the past, the other day, finally=at last=in the end
例题：
1. John___________(finish) reading the book last night and he can give it back to the library now.
2. I _________ (borrow) this book from my Chinese teacher the other day.
3. We________ (enjoy) lots of local food during our stay in Nanjing.
4. There_____________(not be) much snow here in the past three years.
5. My father_____________(work) in a factory for five years, and he is still working there.
6. My father__________(work) in a factory for five years, but he is a teacher now.
7. Julie's father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times.
A. went; had gone
B. has gone; has been
C. went; has been
D. has been; had gone
8. —How long have you ____here?
—For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday.
A. been; came
B. e; came
C. came; came
D. been; been
9. Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?
Yes, I _____there for three days with my parents last month.
A. have gone
B. have been
C. went
D. was
10. This is noparking area. Can’t you see the sign?Oh, sorry. I __________it.
A. won’t see
B. didn’t see
C. haven’t seen
D. don’t see
【答案】CADB。